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American Buddhism: Methods and Findings in Recent Scholarship (Routledge Critical Studies in Buddhism)

This is the first scholarly treatment of the emergence of American Buddhist Studies as a significant research field. Until now, few investigators have turned their attention to the interpretive challenge posed by the presence of all the traditional lineages of Asian Buddhism in a consciously multicultural society. Nor have scholars considered the place of their own contributions as writers, teachers, and practising Buddhists in this unfolding saga. In thirteen chapters and a critical introduction to the field, the book treats issues such as Asian American Buddhist identity, the new Buddhism, Buddhism and American culture, and the scholar's place in American Buddhist Studies. The volume offers complete lists of dissertations and theses on American Buddhism and North American dissertations and theses on topics related to Buddhism since 1892.

American Buddhism: Methods and Findings in Recent Scholarship (Routledge Critical Studies in Buddhism)

This is the first scholarly treatment of the emergence of American Buddhist Studies as a significant research field. Until now, few investigators have turned their attention to the interpretive challenge posed by the presence of all the traditional lineages of Asian Buddhism in a consciously multicultural society. Nor have scholars considered the place of their own contributions as writers, teachers, and practising Buddhists in this unfolding saga. In thirteen chapters and a critical introduction to the field, the book treats issues such as Asian American Buddhist identity, the new Buddhism, Buddhism and American culture, and the scholar's place in American Buddhist Studies. The volume offers complete lists of dissertations and theses on American Buddhism and North American dissertations and theses on topics related to Buddhism since 1892.

Underground Europe: Along Migrant Routes

This book is grounded in an extended analogy between the 19th century story of the Underground Railroad in North America, transporting fugitive slaves to safety in the North, and the 21st century routes and trails of migrant passages to and within Europe. It begins as a kind of historical travelogue tracing the remnants of the 19th-century Underground Railroad in the US and Canada, including its legacies and unfulfilled heritage. It then shifts to the political present by ethnographically sketching a series of different border instances and situations, both external and within the EU space (Ventimiglia, Athens, Paris, Calais, Ceuta and Melilla, Patras, Pozzallo). Focusing on the violent harshening of local border regimes, this book nonetheless suggests a different picture, one conceived as the dynamic effect of both migrants autonomy and of the solidarity provided by local and international groups. Focusing on these specific and contested situations, it is possible to reverse the image of a main borderland into one of a space crisscrossed by many routes and passages. Reading those experiences through the historical lens of the US antebellum Underground Railroad, the book suggests the idea of an analogous "Underground Europe".

Marriage Trafficking: Women in Forced Wedlock (Routledge Studies in Gender and Global Politics)

This book examines the traffic in women for marriage, a phenomenon that has been largely overlooked in international efforts to address the problem of human trafficking. In contrast to current international and state-based approaches to trafficking, which tend to focus on sex trafficking and trafficking for forced labour, this book seeks to establish how marriage as an institution is often implicated in the occurrence of trafficking in women. The book aims firstly to establish why marriage has tended not to be included in dominant conceptions of trafficking in persons and secondly to determine whether certain types of marriage may constitute cases of human trafficking, in and of themselves. Through the use of case studies on forced marriage, mail-order bride (MOB) marriage and Fundamentalist Mormon polygamy, this book demonstrates that certain kinds of marriage may in fact constitute situations of trafficking in persons and together form the under-recognised phenomenon of ‘marriage trafficking’. In addition, the book offers a new perspective on the types of harm involved in trafficking in women by developing a framework for identifying the particular abuses characteristic to marriage trafficking. It argues that the traffic in women for marriage cannot be understood merely as a subset of sex trafficking or trafficking for forced labour, but rather constitutes a distinctive form of trafficking in its own right. This book will be of great interest to scholars and postgraduates working in the fields of human rights theory and institutions, political science, international law, transnational crime, trafficking in persons, and feminist political theory.

Marriage Trafficking: Women in Forced Wedlock (Routledge Studies in Gender and Global Politics)

This book examines the traffic in women for marriage, a phenomenon that has been largely overlooked in international efforts to address the problem of human trafficking. In contrast to current international and state-based approaches to trafficking, which tend to focus on sex trafficking and trafficking for forced labour, this book seeks to establish how marriage as an institution is often implicated in the occurrence of trafficking in women. The book aims firstly to establish why marriage has tended not to be included in dominant conceptions of trafficking in persons and secondly to determine whether certain types of marriage may constitute cases of human trafficking, in and of themselves. Through the use of case studies on forced marriage, mail-order bride (MOB) marriage and Fundamentalist Mormon polygamy, this book demonstrates that certain kinds of marriage may in fact constitute situations of trafficking in persons and together form the under-recognised phenomenon of ‘marriage trafficking’. In addition, the book offers a new perspective on the types of harm involved in trafficking in women by developing a framework for identifying the particular abuses characteristic to marriage trafficking. It argues that the traffic in women for marriage cannot be understood merely as a subset of sex trafficking or trafficking for forced labour, but rather constitutes a distinctive form of trafficking in its own right. This book will be of great interest to scholars and postgraduates working in the fields of human rights theory and institutions, political science, international law, transnational crime, trafficking in persons, and feminist political theory.

The Camera-Eye Metaphor in Cinema (Routledge Advances in Film Studies)

This book explores the cultural, intellectual, and artistic fascination with camera-eye metaphors in film culture of the twentieth century. By studying the very metaphor that cinema lives by, it provides a rich and insightful map of our understanding of cinema and film styles and shows how cinema shapes our understanding of the arts and media. As current new media technologies are attempting to shift the identity of cinema and moving imagery, it is hard to overstate the importance of this metaphor for our understanding of the modalities of vision. In what guises does the "camera eye" continue to survive in media that is called new?

The Camera-Eye Metaphor in Cinema (Routledge Advances in Film Studies)

This book explores the cultural, intellectual, and artistic fascination with camera-eye metaphors in film culture of the twentieth century. By studying the very metaphor that cinema lives by, it provides a rich and insightful map of our understanding of cinema and film styles and shows how cinema shapes our understanding of the arts and media. As current new media technologies are attempting to shift the identity of cinema and moving imagery, it is hard to overstate the importance of this metaphor for our understanding of the modalities of vision. In what guises does the "camera eye" continue to survive in media that is called new?

Das Elend der Suchtprävention: Analyse - Kritik - Alternative

Alle Ansätze einer schulbezogenen Sucht-Prävention, die heute nahezu ausschließlich aus einer sucht-therapeutischen Defizit-Perspektive heraus betrieben wird, sind gescheitert. Eine alternative, jugendsoziologisch begründbare Drogen-Erziehung zur Drogenmündigkeit stößt auf erhebliche Denkbarrieren. Das innere Funktionieren dieses Präventions-Dispositivs wie dessen gesellschaftliche Funktionen werden aus wissens- und professionssoziologischer Sicht untersucht, um Hinweise für eine Alternative geben.

Wer raucht, der stiehlt...: Zur Interpretation quantitativer Daten in der Jugendsoziologie. Eine jugendkriminologische Studie

Am Beispiel eines Datensatzes mit mehr als 4.000 15-jährigen SchülerInnen aus fünf europäischen Städten sowie einer repräsentativen Umfrage aus Bremen zeigt Stephan Quensel, wie man mit Hilfe der SPSS schrittweise die diversen jugendkulturellen Bedeutungen des Konsums legaler wie illegaler Drogen sowie ihres delinquenten Handelns herausarbeiten kann. Die kritische und enge Verbindung von methodischen Überlegungen mit theoretischen Ansätzen aus der Jugendsoziologie und -kriminologie öffnet den Blick für eine alternative Art der Prävention im Umgang mit solchen als deviant angesehenen Verhaltensweisen. Die Datensätze sowie ihre statistische und graphische Verarbeitung, die auch in studentischen Projekten entwickelt wurde, findet man als Begleitmaterial im Internet unter www.vs-verlag.de.

Hochschule - Geschlecht - Fachkultur: Zur Wahrnehmung des Minderheitenstatus in geschlechtsuntypischen Studienfächern (Wissenschaft – Hochschule – Bildung)

Michaela Quente befasst sich mit den Studienmotivationen, Erfahrungen und Haltungen von Studierenden in Bezug auf die Dimension Geschlecht. Tatsächlich erweisen sich die Geschlechterverhältnisse in einigen Fachkulturen und das entsprechende Fachwahlverhalten durch junge Frauen und Männer über die Jahrzehnte als äußerst stabil. Die Autorin fragt nach den subjektiven Entwürfen männlicher und weiblicher Studierender, welche sich für ein Studienfach entschieden haben, das geschlechterorientiert konnotiert ist. Die Ergebnisse liefern einen Einblick, wie tiefsitzend und fast völlig unhinterfragt die traditionellen Denkgewohnheiten auch bei den gegen sie handelnden Personen und ihrem Umfeld verankert sind und wie stark sie sich an bestimmten Schaltstellen auswirken – aber auch, dass selbst mit wenig Aufwand zu betreibende Anstrengungen Veränderungen verursachen können.

The Routledge International Handbook of Forensic Intelligence and Criminology

Despite a shared focus on crime and its ‘extended family’, forensic scientists and criminologists tend to work in isolation rather than sharing the data, methods and knowledge that will broaden the understanding of the criminal phenomenon and its related subjects. Bringing together perspectives from international experts, this book explores the intersection between criminology and forensic science and considers how knowledge from both fields can contribute to a better understanding of crime and offer new directions in theory and methodology. This handbook is divided into three parts: Part I explores the epistemological and historical components of criminology and forensic science, focusing on their scientific and social origins. Part II considers how collaboration between these disciplines can bring about a better understanding of the organizations and institutions that react to crime, including the court, intelligence, prevention, crime scene investigation and policing. Part III discusses the phenomena and actors that produce crime, including a reflection on the methodological issues, challenges and rewards regarding the sharing of these two disciplines. The objective of this handbook is to stimulate a ‘new’ interdisciplinary take on the study of crime, to show how both forensic and criminological theories and knowledge can be combined to analyse crime problems and to open new methodological perspectives. It will be essential reading for students and researchers engaged with forensic science, criminology, criminal behaviour, criminal investigation, crime analysis and criminal justice.

Pawned States: State Building in the Era of International Finance (The Princeton Economic History of the Western World #110)

How foreign lending weakens emerging nationsIn the nineteenth century, many developing countries turned to the credit houses of Europe for sovereign loans to balance their books and weather major fiscal shocks such as war. This reliance on external public finance offered emerging nations endless opportunities to overcome barriers to growth, but it also enabled rulers to bypass critical stages in institution building and political development. Pawned States reveals how easy access to foreign lending at early stages of state building has led to chronic fiscal instability and weakened state capacity in the developing world.Drawing on a wealth of original data to document the rise of cheap overseas credit between 1816 and 1913, Didac Queralt shows how countries in the global periphery obtained these loans by agreeing to “extreme conditionality,” which empowered international investors to take control of local revenue sources in cases of default, and how foreclosure eroded a country’s tax base and caused lasting fiscal disequilibrium. Queralt goes on to combine quantitative analysis of tax performance between 1816 and 2005 with qualitative historical analysis in Latin America, Asia, Africa, and the Middle East, illustrating how overreliance on external capital by local leaders distorts their incentives to expand tax capacity, articulate power-sharing institutions, and strengthen bureaucratic apparatus.Panoramic in scope, Pawned States sheds needed light on how early and easy access to external finance pushes developing nations into trajectories characterized by fragile fiscal institutions and autocratic politics.

Pawned States: State Building in the Era of International Finance (The Princeton Economic History of the Western World #110)

How foreign lending weakens emerging nationsIn the nineteenth century, many developing countries turned to the credit houses of Europe for sovereign loans to balance their books and weather major fiscal shocks such as war. This reliance on external public finance offered emerging nations endless opportunities to overcome barriers to growth, but it also enabled rulers to bypass critical stages in institution building and political development. Pawned States reveals how easy access to foreign lending at early stages of state building has led to chronic fiscal instability and weakened state capacity in the developing world.Drawing on a wealth of original data to document the rise of cheap overseas credit between 1816 and 1913, Didac Queralt shows how countries in the global periphery obtained these loans by agreeing to “extreme conditionality,” which empowered international investors to take control of local revenue sources in cases of default, and how foreclosure eroded a country’s tax base and caused lasting fiscal disequilibrium. Queralt goes on to combine quantitative analysis of tax performance between 1816 and 2005 with qualitative historical analysis in Latin America, Asia, Africa, and the Middle East, illustrating how overreliance on external capital by local leaders distorts their incentives to expand tax capacity, articulate power-sharing institutions, and strengthen bureaucratic apparatus.Panoramic in scope, Pawned States sheds needed light on how early and easy access to external finance pushes developing nations into trajectories characterized by fragile fiscal institutions and autocratic politics.

Transnational Faiths: Latin-American Immigrants and their Religions in Japan

Japan has witnessed the arrival of thousands of immigrants, since the 1990s, from Latin America, especially from Brazil and Peru. Along with immigrants from other parts of the world, they all express the new face of Japan - one of multiculturality and multi-ethnicity. Newcomers are having a strong impact in local faith communities and playing an unexpected role in the development of communities. This book focuses on the role that faith and religious institutions play in the migrants' process of settlement and integration. The authors also focus on the impact of immigrants' religiosity amidst religious groups formerly established in Japan. Religion is an integral aspect of the displacement and settlement process of immigrants in an increasing multi-ethnic, multicultural and pluri-religious contemporary Japan. Religious institutions and their social networks in Japan are becoming the first point of contact among immigrants. This book exposes and explores the often missed connection of the positive role of religion and faith-based communities in facilitating varied integrative ways of belonging for immigrants. The authors highlight the faith experiences of immigrants themselves by bringing their voices through case studies, interviews, and ethnographic research throughout the book to offer an important contribution to the exploration of multiculturalism in Japan.

Transnational Faiths: Latin-American Immigrants and their Religions in Japan

Japan has witnessed the arrival of thousands of immigrants, since the 1990s, from Latin America, especially from Brazil and Peru. Along with immigrants from other parts of the world, they all express the new face of Japan - one of multiculturality and multi-ethnicity. Newcomers are having a strong impact in local faith communities and playing an unexpected role in the development of communities. This book focuses on the role that faith and religious institutions play in the migrants' process of settlement and integration. The authors also focus on the impact of immigrants' religiosity amidst religious groups formerly established in Japan. Religion is an integral aspect of the displacement and settlement process of immigrants in an increasing multi-ethnic, multicultural and pluri-religious contemporary Japan. Religious institutions and their social networks in Japan are becoming the first point of contact among immigrants. This book exposes and explores the often missed connection of the positive role of religion and faith-based communities in facilitating varied integrative ways of belonging for immigrants. The authors highlight the faith experiences of immigrants themselves by bringing their voices through case studies, interviews, and ethnographic research throughout the book to offer an important contribution to the exploration of multiculturalism in Japan.

Overlapping Regional Orders in the Middle East and North Africa: Norms and Social Practices of Foreign Behaviour (Routledge Studies in Middle Eastern Politics)

Focused on a set of overlapping international orders of regional scope present in the Middle East and North Africa, this book argues that rules and primary institutions have sanctioned the foreign behavior of the sub-system’s international actors since 1945. The author avoids recent IR trends focused on narrow case studies, instead providing a comprehensive overview of the MENA’s regional politics. The normative content and evolution of multiple international orders are examined, constituting the intra-Arab order, the Arab-Israeli order and the Arab-Iranian order, as well as the expression of the global order in regional interactions. Drawing on Area Studies and English School and constructivist IR theories, the author argues that a plurality of overlapping regional orders have coexisted since 1945, not just one as is commonly suggested in the literature. Each of these orders is integrated by different participants and has developed its own differentiated norms and institutions setting parameters on legitimate behavior. This analytical proposal helps make sense of foreign relations otherwise labeled as incoherent. The book has wide appeal, accessible both to students wishing to learn about the politics, history and sociology of the Middle East, as well as to specialists seeking original research on the functioning of the MENA’s regional orders.

Overlapping Regional Orders in the Middle East and North Africa: Norms and Social Practices of Foreign Behaviour (Routledge Studies in Middle Eastern Politics)

Focused on a set of overlapping international orders of regional scope present in the Middle East and North Africa, this book argues that rules and primary institutions have sanctioned the foreign behavior of the sub-system’s international actors since 1945. The author avoids recent IR trends focused on narrow case studies, instead providing a comprehensive overview of the MENA’s regional politics. The normative content and evolution of multiple international orders are examined, constituting the intra-Arab order, the Arab-Israeli order and the Arab-Iranian order, as well as the expression of the global order in regional interactions. Drawing on Area Studies and English School and constructivist IR theories, the author argues that a plurality of overlapping regional orders have coexisted since 1945, not just one as is commonly suggested in the literature. Each of these orders is integrated by different participants and has developed its own differentiated norms and institutions setting parameters on legitimate behavior. This analytical proposal helps make sense of foreign relations otherwise labeled as incoherent. The book has wide appeal, accessible both to students wishing to learn about the politics, history and sociology of the Middle East, as well as to specialists seeking original research on the functioning of the MENA’s regional orders.

Soziologie und Soziale Frage: Lorenz von Stein und die Entstehung der Gesellschaftswissenschaft in Deutschland

Die vorliegende Arbeit versteht sich als Beitrag zur Entste­ hungsgeschichte der Soziologie. Ihr liegt die These zugrunde, daß diese Wissenschaft in einem bestimmten historischen Kontext mit einer konkreten politischen Orientierung entsteht: Die So­ ziologie konstituiert sich in der Formierungsphase der kapita­ listischen Gesellschaft im 19. Jahrhundert als konservativ motivierte theoretische Reaktion auf deren Integrationsproble­ matik. Pauperismus und soziale Bewegung sind die Manife­ stationsformen dieser Problematik, die sozialistische Gesell­ schaftskritik ist ihre intellektuelle Expression. Die Emanzipa­ tionsideale des Bürgertums, insbesondere das liberalökonomische Harmoniepostulat, geraten im Laufe des 19. Jahrhunderts in eine prekäre Konfrontation zu einer sozialen Realität, die sich durch ökonomische POlarisierung und durch die Genese eines revolutionären Konfliktpotentials auszeichnet, das aus dieser Polarisierung gespeist wird. Es erweist sich, daß mit dem Untergang des Feudalismus eine vollkommene Ordnung der Dinge keineswegs erreicht worden ist: Der Fortschritt des Bürgertums fällt nicht mit der Durchsetzung gesellschaftlicher Eintracht zusammen. Kapital, Industrie und Konkurrenz bewähren sich nicht als Garanten allgemeinen Glücks; die Strategie der Verfolgung des wohlverstandenen Eigennutzes gebiert nicht ein Gemeinwohl, das diese Bezeichnung wirklich verdient hätte: Wächst auf der einen Seite der Reichtum, so im gleichen Zuge auf der anderen die Not.

Tracing Gender Practices After Armed Conflicts: At Peace with Masculinities? (Rethinking Peace and Conflict Studies)

This book offers a unique perspective on changing gender practices in post-conflict societies, looking at when and how masculinities change after armed conflicts. Building on original research data from Liberia, chapters look at the pathways of change in societal discourses, security sector institutions, and at the level of formatter combatants. Scrutinising the potential of peacebuilding for making conflict-related masculinities change after armed conflicts, the book develops a theoretical model that helps to understand both how violence-centred masculinities change after armed conflicts, and why profound changes of violent gender practices occur only rarely. What this book hopes to show is that masculinities can and do change after armed conflicts. Illuminating the intricate interrelationship between gendered practices within societal discourses, security sector institutions, and at the individual level in post-conflict societies, this book constitutes an invitation to rethinking our understanding of peacebuilding practices and their interconnectedness with gender, violence, and peace.

Illicit Medicines in the Global South: Public Health Access and Pharmaceutical Regulation (Routledge Global Health Series)

This book investigates pharmaceutical regulation and the public health issue of fake or illicit medicines in developing countries. The book analyses the evolution of pharmaceutical capitalism, showing how the entanglement of market and health interests has come to shape global regulation. Drawing on extensive fieldwork in India, Kenya and Europe, it demonstrates how large pharmaceutical companies have used the fight against fake medicines to serve their strategic interests and protect their monopolies, sometimes to the detriment of access to medicines in developing countries. The book investigates how the contemporary dynamics of pharmaceutical power in global markets have gone on to shape societies locally, resulting in more security-oriented policies. These processes highlight the key consequences of contemporary "logistical regimes" for access to health. Providing important insights on how the flows of commodities, persons, and knowledge shape contemporary access to medicines in the developing countries, this book will be of considerable interest to policy makers and regulators, and to scholars and students across sociology, science and technology studies, global health, and development studies.

Illicit Medicines in the Global South: Public Health Access and Pharmaceutical Regulation (Routledge Global Health Series)

This book investigates pharmaceutical regulation and the public health issue of fake or illicit medicines in developing countries. The book analyses the evolution of pharmaceutical capitalism, showing how the entanglement of market and health interests has come to shape global regulation. Drawing on extensive fieldwork in India, Kenya and Europe, it demonstrates how large pharmaceutical companies have used the fight against fake medicines to serve their strategic interests and protect their monopolies, sometimes to the detriment of access to medicines in developing countries. The book investigates how the contemporary dynamics of pharmaceutical power in global markets have gone on to shape societies locally, resulting in more security-oriented policies. These processes highlight the key consequences of contemporary "logistical regimes" for access to health. Providing important insights on how the flows of commodities, persons, and knowledge shape contemporary access to medicines in the developing countries, this book will be of considerable interest to policy makers and regulators, and to scholars and students across sociology, science and technology studies, global health, and development studies.

Die zahlenmäßige Entwicklung des Hochschulbesuches in den letzten fünfzig Jahren

The numerical record of university attendance in Germany in the last fifty years

Disability in Modern Children's Fiction (Routledge Revivals)

First published in 1985, Disability in Modern Children’s Fiction presents a case for the inclusion of a planned element in the mainstream curriculum, specifically designed to encourage positive attitudes and actions towards children with special needs, and for utilising the possibilities inherent in fiction for helping all children to explore their thoughts and feelings in this area. The central chapters of the book are concerned with a critical examination of specific texts, focusing on how they deal with disability in a story context. Books are grouped for discussion under common themes which have been teased out according to their contemporary relevance: the effects on the family of a severely disabled child; the struggle of a child with a disability for personal identity in oppressive social circumstances; the interaction between disability, race, gender and social class; the different reactions of ‘normal’ children towards disabled peers; the failings of the medical approach to disability; love, sex, adolescence and disability; the relationship between children and handicapped adults. The penultimate chapter is concerned with an evaluation of picture books and quasi-fiction for younger children. This book will be of interest to students of disability studies, pedagogy and literature.

Disability in Modern Children's Fiction (Routledge Revivals)

First published in 1985, Disability in Modern Children’s Fiction presents a case for the inclusion of a planned element in the mainstream curriculum, specifically designed to encourage positive attitudes and actions towards children with special needs, and for utilising the possibilities inherent in fiction for helping all children to explore their thoughts and feelings in this area. The central chapters of the book are concerned with a critical examination of specific texts, focusing on how they deal with disability in a story context. Books are grouped for discussion under common themes which have been teased out according to their contemporary relevance: the effects on the family of a severely disabled child; the struggle of a child with a disability for personal identity in oppressive social circumstances; the interaction between disability, race, gender and social class; the different reactions of ‘normal’ children towards disabled peers; the failings of the medical approach to disability; love, sex, adolescence and disability; the relationship between children and handicapped adults. The penultimate chapter is concerned with an evaluation of picture books and quasi-fiction for younger children. This book will be of interest to students of disability studies, pedagogy and literature.