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Pre-Exilic Israel, the Hebrew Bible, and Archaeology: Integrating Text and Artefact (The\library Of Hebrew Bible/old Testament Studies)
by Anthony J. FrendoThe nature of historical and archaeological research is such that biblical and archaeological evidence should both be taken into account so that we can attain a more reliable reconstruction of ancient Israel. Nowadays we are faced with numerous reconstructions which are very often diametrically opposed to each other owing to the different assumptions of scholars. An examination of certain issues of epistemology in the current climate of postmodernism, shows that the latter is self-defeating when it claims that we cannot attain any true knowledge about the past. Illustrations are taken from the history of pre-exilic Israel; however, the indissoluble unity of text and artefact is made clearer and more concrete through a detailed case study about the location of the house of Rahab as depicted in Joshua 2: 15, irrespective of whether this text is historical or not. Text and artefact should work hand in hand even when narratives turn out to be fictional, since thus there emerges a clearer picture of the external world which the author would have had in mind.
Precarious Youth in Contemporary Graphic Narratives: Young Lives in Crisis (Routledge Advances in Comics Studies)
by María Porras Sánchez Gerardo VilchesThis volume explores comics as examples of moral outrage in the face of a reality in which precariousness has become an inherent part of young lives. Taking a thematic approach, the chapters devote attention to the expression and representation of precarious subjectivities, as well as to the economic and professional precarity that characterizes comics creation and production. An international team of authors, young and senior systematically examines the representation of precarious youth in graphic fiction and autobiographic comics, superheroes and precarity, market issues and spaces of activism and vulnerability. With this structure, the book offers a global perspective and comprehensive coverage of different aspects of a complex and multifaceted field of knowledge, with a special attention to minorities and liminal subjects. The comics analyzed function as examples of "ethical solicitation" that bear witness of the precarious existence younger generations endure, while at the same time creating images that voice their outrage and might move readers to act. This timely and truly interdisciplinary volume will appeal to comics scholars and researchers in the areas of media and cultural studies, modern languages, education, art and design, communication studies, sociology, medical humanities and more.
Precarious Youth in Contemporary Graphic Narratives: Young Lives in Crisis (Routledge Advances in Comics Studies)
by María Porras Sánchez Gerardo VilchesThis volume explores comics as examples of moral outrage in the face of a reality in which precariousness has become an inherent part of young lives. Taking a thematic approach, the chapters devote attention to the expression and representation of precarious subjectivities, as well as to the economic and professional precarity that characterizes comics creation and production. An international team of authors, young and senior systematically examines the representation of precarious youth in graphic fiction and autobiographic comics, superheroes and precarity, market issues and spaces of activism and vulnerability. With this structure, the book offers a global perspective and comprehensive coverage of different aspects of a complex and multifaceted field of knowledge, with a special attention to minorities and liminal subjects. The comics analyzed function as examples of "ethical solicitation" that bear witness of the precarious existence younger generations endure, while at the same time creating images that voice their outrage and might move readers to act. This timely and truly interdisciplinary volume will appeal to comics scholars and researchers in the areas of media and cultural studies, modern languages, education, art and design, communication studies, sociology, medical humanities and more.
Precedent in the United States Supreme Court (Ius Gentium: Comparative Perspectives on Law and Justice #33)
by Christopher J. PetersThis volume presents a variety of both normative and descriptive perspectives on the use of precedent by the United States Supreme Court. It brings together a diverse group of American legal scholars, some of whom have been influenced by the Segal/Spaeth "attitudinal" model and some of whom have not. The group of contributors includes legal theorists and empiricists, constitutional lawyers and legal generalists, leading authorities and up-and-coming scholars. The book addresses questions such as how the Court establishes durable precedent, how the Court decides to overrule precedent, the effects of precedent on case selection, the scope of constitutional precedent, the influence of concurrences and dissents, and the normative foundations of constitutional precedent. Most of these questions have been addressed by the Court itself only obliquely, if at all. The volume will be valuable to readers both in the United States and abroad, particularly in light of ongoing debates over the role of precedent in civil-law nations and emerging legal systems.
Precedents, Statutes, and Analysis of Legal Concepts: Interpretation (Philosophy of Legal Reasoning: A Collection of Essays by Philosophers and Legal Scholars)
by Scott BrewerAt least since plato and Aristotle, thinkers have pondered the relationship between philosophical arguments and the "sophistical" arguments offered by the Sophists -- who were the first professional lawyers. Judges wield substantial political power, and the justifications they offer for their decisions are a vital means by which citizens can assess the legitimacy of how that power is exercised. However, to evaluate judicial justifications requires close attention to the method of reasoning behind decisions. This new collection illuminates and explains the political and moral importance in justifying the exercise of judicial power.
Precedents, Statutes, and Analysis of Legal Concepts: Interpretation (Philosophy of Legal Reasoning: A Collection of Essays by Philosophers and Legal Scholars #2)
by Scott BrewerAt least since plato and Aristotle, thinkers have pondered the relationship between philosophical arguments and the "sophistical" arguments offered by the Sophists -- who were the first professional lawyers. Judges wield substantial political power, and the justifications they offer for their decisions are a vital means by which citizens can assess the legitimacy of how that power is exercised. However, to evaluate judicial justifications requires close attention to the method of reasoning behind decisions. This new collection illuminates and explains the political and moral importance in justifying the exercise of judicial power.
Predicates and Their Subjects (Studies in Linguistics and Philosophy #74)
by Susan RothsteinPredicates and their Subjects is an in-depth study of the syntax-semantics interface focusing on the structure of the subject-predicate relation. Starting from where the author's 1983 dissertation left off, the book argues that there is syntactic constraint that clauses (small and tensed) are constructed out of a one-place unsaturated expression, the predicate, which must be applied to a syntactic argument, its subject. The author shows that this predication relation cannot be reduced to a thematic relation or a projection of argument structure, but must be a purely syntactic constraint. Chapters in the book show how the syntactic predication relation is semantically interpreted, and how the predication relation explains constraints on DP-raising and on the distribution of pleonastics in English. The second half of the book extends the theory of predication to cover copular constructions; it includes an account of the structure of small clauses in Hebrew, of the use of `be' in predicative and identity sentences in English, and concludes with a study of the meaning of the verb `be'.
Preparing a Guide to your Library and Information Service
by Sylvia P WebbDiscusses the choice of information that can be included as well as the different styles in which it can be presented.Covers not just the physical preparation but also distribution and publicity.Selected examples of interesting features.
Preparing a Guide to your Library and Information Service
by Sylvia P WebbDiscusses the choice of information that can be included as well as the different styles in which it can be presented.Covers not just the physical preparation but also distribution and publicity.Selected examples of interesting features.
Preparing for Doctoral Study in Nursing - E-Book: Preparing for Doctoral Study in Nursing - E-Book
by Laura A. Taylor Mary F. TerhaarAre you ready to take your nursing career to the next level? Preparing for Doctoral Study in Nursing: Making the Most of the Year Before You Begin helps you make an informed decision about entering doctoral studies and choosing the nursing credential that helps you reach your career goals. Noted educators and doctoral mentors Laura A. Taylor and Mary F. Terhaar — along with a team of nursing leaders and scholars — describe the big picture for nurses educated at the highest level of scholarship, including the rising demand for advanced practice nurses and the future of nursing. The first and only comprehensive guide to preparing for a doctorate in nursing, this book helps you choose your path, make your decision, and develop a plan for success in doctoral study. Grounded in more than a decade of experience in preparing nurses for doctoral study, this one-of-a-kind text is the first comprehensive guide to the year before you apply. Fifteen chapters provide practical information and guidance to help you navigate the challenges on your journey. Historical overview of doctoral education in nursing creates a clear picture of present and future demand. Clear explanation of the different degrees and the careers they support helps to build confidence in your decision about which to pursue. Sixteen personal narratives describe a broad range of career paths open to nurses who earn doctoral degrees and introduce the nurse leaders who have walked them. Online Evolve Resources include podcasts that bring the experiences of contributing authors to life. Additional Evolve Resources include practical forms, worksheets, planners, and representations of models referenced in the text. Illustrations clarify complex content, helping to make it more memorable and useful, and links to additional online resources serve as a springboard for additional learning. The diversity of the contributors, backgrounds, interests, and accomplishments gives you a sense that you belong and that your authentic self will add value to our discipline and to global health. At once scholarly and warm, the style of this book makes it a must-read for nurses who aspire to careers of importance and leadership.
Preparing for the Future: An Essay on the Rights of Future Generations
by John AhrensDoes the present generation have a moral obligation to conserve resources for future generations? Must we accept drastic reductions in our standard of living, and give up the ideals of individual liberty and technological progress in order to preserve the environment? PREPARING FOR THE FUTURE offers an unfashionably optimistic answer to these questions: that future generations cannot have a right to a share of existing resources, because only living persons can have rights. Rejecting the sacrifices that most traditional ethical principles would require of us, it advocates, instead, that members of the present generation may legitimately use all of the resources at their disposal to realize their own values.
Preparing for the Future: An Essay on the Rights of Future Generations
by John AhrensDoes the present generation have a moral obligation to conserve resources for future generations? Must we accept drastic reductions in our standard of living, and give up the ideals of individual liberty and technological progress in order to preserve the environment? PREPARING FOR THE FUTURE offers an unfashionably optimistic answer to these questions: that future generations cannot have a right to a share of existing resources, because only living persons can have rights. Rejecting the sacrifices that most traditional ethical principles would require of us, it advocates, instead, that members of the present generation may legitimately use all of the resources at their disposal to realize their own values.
Preparing to Moot: A Step-by-Step Guide to Mooting
by Sarah L. Cooper Scarlett McArdleMooting is an increasingly important activity in UK law schools. This is because mooting offers students the opportunity to develop advanced analytical, research, drafting and advocacy based skills, which help to improve their general academic achievement and employability profiles. Tangible evidence of these skills is invaluable in a progressively competitive job market. The ideal guide for the first-time mooter, Preparing to Moot provides an accessible, systematic and pragmatic approach which demystifies the process. It focuses on analysis, research and argument construction as the foundations for successful advocacy and provides students with a working guide to use alongside moot problems in five popular topic areas: criminal law, contract law, tort law, human rights and the law of equity. Through careful use of annotated examples generated by real students, and expert tips and advice from the authors, the book shows students how to individually analyse, research and construct arguments for various advocate positions, providing a practical and easy-to-follow overview of how to tackle a moot from analysing a problem initially, right up to beginning to advocate.
Preparing to Moot: A Step-by-Step Guide to Mooting
by Sarah L. Cooper Scarlett McArdleMooting is an increasingly important activity in UK law schools. This is because mooting offers students the opportunity to develop advanced analytical, research, drafting and advocacy based skills, which help to improve their general academic achievement and employability profiles. Tangible evidence of these skills is invaluable in a progressively competitive job market. The ideal guide for the first-time mooter, Preparing to Moot provides an accessible, systematic and pragmatic approach which demystifies the process. It focuses on analysis, research and argument construction as the foundations for successful advocacy and provides students with a working guide to use alongside moot problems in five popular topic areas: criminal law, contract law, tort law, human rights and the law of equity. Through careful use of annotated examples generated by real students, and expert tips and advice from the authors, the book shows students how to individually analyse, research and construct arguments for various advocate positions, providing a practical and easy-to-follow overview of how to tackle a moot from analysing a problem initially, right up to beginning to advocate.
The Preschooler's Busy Book: 365 Fun, Creative, Screen-Free Learning Games and Activities to Stimulate Your 3- to 6-Year-Old Every Day of the Year
by Trish KuffnerThe Preschooler's Busy Book contains 365 activities (one for each day of the year) for three- to six-year-olds using things found around the home. It shows parents, baby-sitters, and daycare providers how to:Save money by making your own paints, play dough, craft clays, glue, paste and other suppliesPrevent boredom during even the longest stretches of rainy or cold weather with ideas for indoor play like newspaper golf, magnet magic, the listening game, red light/green light, and hand puppetsHelp children learn to have fun in the kitchen making fruit kebabs, popsicles, homemade peanut butter, a happy-face sandwich, alphabet cookies, animal pancakes, finger Jell-O, popcorn ball creatures, and the best chocolate chip cookies in the whole worldTeach your child practical skills like setting the table, putting away the silverware, sorting socks, sewing practice, and carpentry (hammering golf tees into Styrofoam, with a toy hammer)Introduce your child to numbers and counting with activities like "One-Two, Buckle My Shoe," telling time, coin and stamp collecting, sorting a mixed-up deck of cards by numbers and learning how to find today's date on a calendarPrepare your child for reading by working on an alphabet puzzle, making alphabet cookies, making an alphabet book, and connecting the dots in alphabetical order to make a pictureGet your child started with music and rhythm by making a pie-plate tambourine, keeping the rhythm to a song on the radio with homemade rhythm blocks or shakers, or make music with musical glasses (filled with different amounts of water)Get your child moving with dances like "Hokey Pokey," "Skip to My Lou," "Ring Around the Rosie," and "London Bridge"Encourage your child to enjoy quiet activities like reading wordless picture books, working on puzzles, and watching clouds--and then drawing themIntroduce children to nature with a variety of outdoor adventures from nature walks and picnics to backyard camping, bird feeding, mud painting and making waxed leavesStart children growing things by planting apple seeds, avocado seeds or garlic cloves; or learning how to grow carrots, beets or sweet potatoes by putting cuttings into waterCelebrate holidays and other occasions with special projects and activities for Christmas, Hanukkah, Kwanza, Easter and PassoverKeep children occupied on car trips by playing "I See A-B-C" or reciting "30 Days Hath September"
The Preschooler's Busy Book: 365 Fun, Creative, Screen-Free Learning Games and Activities to Stimulate Your 3- to 6-Year-Old Every Day of the Year
by Trish KuffnerThe Preschooler's Busy Book contains 365 activities (one for each day of the year) for three- to six-year-olds using things found around the home. It shows parents, baby-sitters, and daycare providers how to:Save money by making your own paints, play dough, craft clays, glue, paste and other suppliesPrevent boredom during even the longest stretches of rainy or cold weather with ideas for indoor play like newspaper golf, magnet magic, the listening game, red light/green light, and hand puppetsHelp children learn to have fun in the kitchen making fruit kebabs, popsicles, homemade peanut butter, a happy-face sandwich, alphabet cookies, animal pancakes, finger Jell-O, popcorn ball creatures, and the best chocolate chip cookies in the whole worldTeach your child practical skills like setting the table, putting away the silverware, sorting socks, sewing practice, and carpentry (hammering golf tees into Styrofoam, with a toy hammer)Introduce your child to numbers and counting with activities like "One-Two, Buckle My Shoe," telling time, coin and stamp collecting, sorting a mixed-up deck of cards by numbers and learning how to find today's date on a calendarPrepare your child for reading by working on an alphabet puzzle, making alphabet cookies, making an alphabet book, and connecting the dots in alphabetical order to make a pictureGet your child started with music and rhythm by making a pie-plate tambourine, keeping the rhythm to a song on the radio with homemade rhythm blocks or shakers, or make music with musical glasses (filled with different amounts of water)Get your child moving with dances like "Hokey Pokey," "Skip to My Lou," "Ring Around the Rosie," and "London Bridge"Encourage your child to enjoy quiet activities like reading wordless picture books, working on puzzles, and watching clouds -- and then drawing themIntroduce children to nature with a variety of outdoor adventures from nature walks and picnics to backyard camping, bird feeding, mud painting and making waxed leavesStart children growing things by planting apple seeds, avocado seeds or garlic cloves; or learning how to grow carrots, beets or sweet potatoes by putting cuttings into waterCelebrate holidays and other occasions with special projects and activities for Christmas, Hanukkah, Kwanza, Easter and PassoverKeep children occupied on car trips by playing "I See A-B-C" or reciting "30 Days Hath September"
Prescription Medicines: A Practical Guide
by Christina Bunce Anne FennellDrugs have played a major role in treatment for thousands of years. Most of us have taken, or will take, medicines at some time in our lives to cure, prevent, delay or mask the symptoms of ill health. Prescription Medicines is the perfect practical companion, providing a clear picture of which drugs are best for which conditions, what they do and what the possible side effects are. It also indicates how effective prescription remedies may be in treating common conditions.Covering Medicines for both adults and children, it is an ideal book to help you to use medicines cautiously and wisely to gain maximum benefit from them.
The Preserving Answer Book: Expert Tips, Techniques, and Best Methods for Preserving All Your Favorite Foods
by Sherri Brooks VintonIn this handy kitchen reference written in a friendly question-and-answer format, Sherri Brooks Vinton tackles hundreds of common queries about preserving food.
Presidential Impeachment in Latin America: A Matter of Law or Politics?
by Gustavo PalamoneThis book pursues a comparative and interdisciplinary approach to assess presidential impeachments in Latin America. Mixing methodologies from legal studies and political science, it provides a novel and comprehensive assessment of some of the most controversial questions regarding the constitutional function of impeachment and its place in the theory of government.Presidential impeachments have become frequent in Latin America, yet they are still largely misunderstood by legal practitioners and the general public. As such, impeachments frequently provide for heated and polarizing debates. The misunderstandings stem from skewed expectations arising from different theories of government, legal interpretation, and presidential impeachment. The empirical evidence and arguments presented here will help to find common ground on these topics and pacify some latent tensions in society and academia. In addition, the book’s case studies cover cases that have been rarely or incompletely addressed in the literature. Some cover events so recent that they have never been analyzed elsewhere.The book proposes reconsidering certain assumptions made about systems of government, which are based on skewed expectations of impeachments. It also draws on new evidence to re-examine existing impeachment theories and develop new ones. By doing so, it offers valuable insights that may guide lawmakers to redesign their own systems, optimizing them to achieve certain goals. It will also acquaint legal practitioners with the strategies of prosecution, defense, and decision-making in connection with impeachments.
Presuppositions and Cognitive Processes: Understanding the Information Taken for Granted (Palgrave Studies in Pragmatics, Language and Cognition)
by Filippo DomaneschiThis book breaks new ground towards an understanding of the mental processes involved in presupposition, the comprehension of information taken for granted. Various psycholinguistic experiments are discussed to support the idea that involved in ordinary language comprehension are complex and demanding cognitive processes. The author demonstrates that these processes exist not only at the explicit level of an utterance but also at a deeper level of computing, where the background information taken for granted as already known and shared between interlocutors is processed. The author shows that experimental research can suggest new theoretical models for presupposition, thus this book will be of interest to researchers and students of psycholinguistics, the philosophy of language and experimental pragmatics.
Prevention of Sexual Harassment at the Workplace
by Martha Farrell FoundationThe definitive guide to everything you wanted to know about sexual harassment at the workplace. Prevent sexual harassment. Make your organization a safe workplace. Be compliant with the law. The Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace (Prevention, Prohibition and Redressal) Act, 2013, is the primary legal mechanism to ensure that women are protected against sexual harassment at the workplace. Yet, how aware are all of us- men and women, employees and employers - of these rights? What actions do organizations need to take to adhere to the law? What are the consequences for organizations that don't make the compliance cut? And how can employers go beyond mere compliance to create a workplace that is safe for all employees? The ultimate step-by-step manual for the prevention, prohibition and redressal of sexual harassment at the workplace, this book contains: • A visual A-Z manual summarizing definitions, types of sexual harassment, and timelines for filing and investigating complaints; • Easy-to-understand explanations of what constitutes a 'workplace', an 'employer', how hostile work environments get created, and the obligations of employees, team leads and heads of organizations; • Detailed key processes, from creating organizational policies to constituting anti-sexual harassment committees and handling complaints; • Case studies illustrating roles and responsibilities of committee members for effective, unbiased redressal; • Sample letters, reporting formats, outlines and draft policies to aid reporting for internal and external compliance. This comprehensive handbook is an indispensable resource for all employees, organizations and Internal Committee members.
The Price of Precaution and the Ethics of Risk (The International Library of Ethics, Law and Technology #6)
by Christian MuntheChristian Munthe undertakes an innovative, in-depth philosophical analysis of what the idea of a precautionary principle is and should be about. A novel theory of the ethics of imposing risks is developed and used as a foundation for defending the idea of precaution in environmental and technological policy making against its critics, while at the same time avoiding a number of identified flaws. The theory is shown to have far-reaching practical conclusions for areas such as bio-, information- and nuclear technology, and global environmental policy in areas such as climate change. The author argues that, while the price we pay for precaution must not be too high, we have to be prepared to pay it in order to act ethically defensible. A number of practical suggestions for precautionary regulation and policy making are made on the basis of this, and some challenges to basic ethical theory as well as consumerist societies, the global political order and liberal democracy are identified.Munthe’s book is a well-argued contribution to the PP debate, putting neglected justificatory and methodological questions at the forefront. His many discussions of alternative accounts as well as his drawing out the consequences of his own suggestion in practical cases give the reader a thorough, holistic sense of what justification of PP amounts to. /..../ Munthe’s main case, his argumentation for the requirement of precaution as a moral norm, is convincing and puts a strong pressure on too narrow alternative suggestions on how it should be perceived and justified, and he launches a plausible defence of its practical usability.
Primary Care - E-Book: A Collaborative Practice
by Terry Mahan Buttaro Patricia Polgar-Bailey Joanne Sandberg-Cook JoAnn TrybulskiPrepare for success in today's fast-paced, collaborative healthcare environment! Offering expert perspectives from a variety of primary care and nurse practitioners, Primary Care: A Collaborative Practice, 5th Edition helps you diagnose, treat, and manage hundreds of adult disorders. Care recommendations indicate when to consult with physicians or specialists, and when to refer patients to an emergency facility. This edition includes six new chapters, a fresh new design, the latest evidence-based guidelines, and a new emphasis on clinical reasoning. Combining academic and clinical expertise, an author team led by Terry Mahan Buttaro shows NPs how to provide effective, truly interdisciplinary health care.UNIQUE! A collaborative perspective promotes seamless continuity of care, with chapters written by NPs, physicians, PAs, and other primary care providers. Comprehensive, evidence-based content covers every major disorder of adults seen in the outpatient office setting, reflects today's best practices, and includes the knowledge you need for the NP/DNP level of practice.A consistent format in each chapter is used to describe disorders, facilitating easier learning and quick clinical reference.Diagnostics and Differential Diagnosis boxes provide a quick reference for diagnosing disorders and making care management decisions.Complementary and alternative therapies are addressed where supported by solid research evidence.Referral icons highlight situations calling for specialist referral or emergency referral. NEW chapters cover topics including transitional care, risk management, LGBTQ patient care, bullous pemphigoid, pulmonary embolism, and dysphagia.NEW! An emphasis on clinical reasoning helps you develop skills in diagnosis and treatment, with coverage moving away from pathophysiology and toward diagnostic reasoning and disease management — including pharmacologic management. NEW focus on interdisciplinary care underscores the importance of interprofessional education and practice, and includes Interdisciplinary Management features.UPDATED chapters reflect the latest literature and evidence-based treatment guidelines, including new content on the Affordable Care Act as well as new coverage of patient satisfaction metrics, quality metrics, value-based purchasing, pharmacogenetics/genomics, and teen pregnancy and abnormal pregnancy.NEW quick-reference features make it easier to locate important information, through colorful section tabs, bulleted summaries, additional algorithms, a more logical table of contents, an Index to Standardized Treatment Guidelines, and a Reference to Common Laboratory Values.
Primary Care E-Book: Primary Care E-Book
by Terry Mahan Buttaro JoAnn Trybulski Patricia Polgar-Bailey Joanne Sandberg-CookPrimary Care E-Book
Primary Care of the Child With a Chronic Condition E-Book
by Patricia Jackson Allen Judith A. Vessey Naomi SchapiroWritten by nurse practitioners for nurse practitioners, this one-of-a-kind resource provides the expert guidance you need to provide comprehensive primary care to children with special needs and their families. It addresses specific conditions that require alterations in standard primary care and offers practical advice on managing the major issues common to children with chronic conditions. A consistent format makes it easy to locate essential information on each condition. Plus, valuable resources help you manage the issues and gaps in health care coverage that may hinder quality care.This is the only book authored by Nurse Practitioners that focuses on managing the primary health care needs of children with chronic conditions. More than 60 expert contributors provide the most current information available on specific conditions. Comprehensive summary boxes at the end of all chronic conditions chapters provide at-a-glance access to key information. Resource lists at the end of each chronic condition chapter direct you to helpful websites, national organizations, and additional sources of information that you can share with parents and families. Updated references ensure you have access to the most current, evidence-based coverage of the latest research findings and management protocols. Four new chapters — Celiac Disease, Eating Disorders, Muscular Dystrophy, and Obesity — keep you up to date with the latest developments in treating these conditions.Autism content is updated with the latest research on autism spectrum disorders, including current methods of evaluation, identification, and management. Coverage of systems of care features new information on how to help families obtain high-quality and cost-effective coordinated services within our complex health care system. Easy-to-find boxes in the chronic conditions chapters summarize important information on treatment, associated problems, clinical manifestations, and differential diagnosis.