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Fiscal Federalism: Quantitative Studies (National Bureau of Economic Research Project Report)
by Harvey S. RosenWe often think of fiscal decisions as being made by a single government, but in the United States the reality is that an astounding number of entities have the power to tax and spend. State, local, and federal governments all play crucial roles in the U.S. fiscal system, and the interrelation has been the source of continuing controversy. This fact is the focus of the seven papers and commentaries presented in this volume, the result of a conference sponsored by the NBER. The contributors use various quantitative tools to study policy issues, obtaining results that will interest policymakers and researchers working in the areas of taxation and public finance. The first three papers study the distribution of power and responsibilities among the various levels of government. John Joseph Wallis and Wallace E. Oates look at the extend and evolution of decentralization in the state and local sector; Robert P. Inman examines the growth of federal grants and the structure of congressional decision making; and Jeffrey S. Zax investigates the effects of the number of government jurisdictions on aggregate local public debt and expenditures. The next three papers look at the deductibility of state and local taxes on federal tax returns. Using an econometric analysis, Douglas Holtz-Eakin and Harvey S. Rosen examine the effects of deductibility on revenue sources and level of expenditures. Lawrence B. Lindsey looks at how deductibility affects the level and type of taxation. George R. Zodrow uses a two-sector general equilibrium model to investigate revenue effects of deductibility. Finally, Charles R. Hulten and Robert M. Schwab analyze the problem of developing an accurate estimate of income for the state and local sector, finding that conventional accounting procedures have underestimated the income generated by a startling $100 billion.
Fishery Science and Management: Objectives and Limitations (Coastal and Estuarine Studies #28)
by Warren S. WoosterThis volume is concerned with the role of science in fishery management. While this has traditionally been considered as largely a biological problem with clear biological objectives, close examination suggests that management decisions are largely controlled by political, social and economic considerations, biologically constrained. The biologist now has the task of reducing the uncertainties of the venture rather than determining its priorities or its allocation of benefits. The uncertainties arise in part because of lack of understanding of the ecological systems involved, the limited availability of critical information, and the unpredictability of driving forces. The volume reviews the assumptions and simplifications of fishery models, examines the decision making framework in fishery management, and compares management practices in North America, Japan, and Northern Europe. A compilation of fishery management objectives in international agreements and U.S. laws is included.
Flexible Automatisierung der Konstruktion und Fertigung elektrischer Leitungssätze (iwb Forschungsberichte #12)
by Gunther Reinhart
Flexible Fertigungssysteme: 20. IPA-Arbeitstagung 13./14. September 1988 in Stuttgart (IPA-IAO - Forschung und Praxis Tagungsberichte #10)
by Hans-Jürgen WarneckeUm erfolgreich zu sein gilt es, rechtzeitig die strategischen Entscheidungen in den Unter nehmen zu treffen und die erfolgbestimmenden Weichen für die Zukunft richtig zu stellen. Daß mit flexiblen Fertigungssystemen bei fundierter Planung Vorteile in stra tegischer und operativer Hinsicht verbunden sind, dürfte heute außer Zweifel stehen. Diese Vorteile können noch verstärkt werden, wenn die Systeme nicht als reine Fertigungsanlagen geplant und betrieben, sondern als Teil eines Gesamtbetriebes, und damit als vollwertiger Baustein der Rechnergeführten Produktion (CIM) gesehen werden. Die damit verbundenen Aufgaben, die sich durch die vertikale wie auch horizontale I ntegration eines flexiblen Fertigungssystems in den Gesamtbetrieb ergeben, werden oft erst beim Systembetrieb erkannt. Diese dann noch zu lösen, fällt häufig schwer - dies muß bereits während der Planung geschehen. Für viele Unternehmer, vor allem Klein-und Mittelbetriebe, werden die auf diesem Weg notwendigen Entscheidungen zu Hürden, die alleine nicht zu bewältigen sind. Schon die vergleichende Bewertung von verschiedenen Herstellerangeboten von Werkzeug maschinen, Materialflußsysteme, Steuerungshard-und software stellt für den Anwender eine große Herausforderung dar. Tagungen können dabei eine wichtige Mittierfunktion einnehmen, um unverzichtbare Informationen aus erster Hand zu erhalten und um wertvolle Erfahrungen auszutauschen, die alle selbst zu sammeln jedes einzelne Unternehmen teuer, vielleicht zu teuer zu stehen kämen. Mit der 20. IPA -Arbeitstagung "Flexible Fertigungssysteme" wird die erfolgreiche internationale Tagungsreihe "Flexible Manufacturing Systems" (FMSl, die bereits im siebten Jahr stattfindet, mit der ebenfalls im fünften Jahr stattfindenden Tagungsreihe "Lasers in Manufacturing" (UM) erstmals zu einem internationalen Doppelkongreß zusammengeführt.
Foreign Consultants And Counterparts: Problems In Technology Transfer
by Susan Scott-StevensEven though concern about and interest in technology transfer have existed since the 1950s, it has become of increasing importance to lesser-developed and developing countries since the 1970s. The transfer of technology in general, and in particular the transfer of technical knowledge, lies at the heart of the North-South debate. There is an abundance of literature on technology transfer in almost every field of interest--policy, practice, applied case studies, and general recommendations--but little, if any, of the information is integrated. It remains widely distributed throughout the fields of economics, business, rural sociology, and anthropology. The same may be said for various studies of consultants as change agents. On the other hand, studies of counterparts--host country professionals--have been almost entirely neglected, with the exception of their implied roles as innovators or acceptors. There have been few attempts to tie practice to theory, theory to research, or research to practice. This volume attempts to provide the link between theory, research, and practice. Based upon research conducted at two large-scale water resource development projects in Indonesia, it focuses upon the problems and solutions encountered by two primary sets of people involved in the transfer of technical knowledge--foreign consultants and host country counterparts. Dr. Scott-Stevens presents a unified and applied approach to many of the cross-cultural theories, issues, and problems common to the transfer of technical knowledge across cultures.
Foreign Consultants And Counterparts: Problems In Technology Transfer
by Susan Scott-StevensEven though concern about and interest in technology transfer have existed since the 1950s, it has become of increasing importance to lesser-developed and developing countries since the 1970s. The transfer of technology in general, and in particular the transfer of technical knowledge, lies at the heart of the North-South debate. There is an abundance of literature on technology transfer in almost every field of interest--policy, practice, applied case studies, and general recommendations--but little, if any, of the information is integrated. It remains widely distributed throughout the fields of economics, business, rural sociology, and anthropology. The same may be said for various studies of consultants as change agents. On the other hand, studies of counterparts--host country professionals--have been almost entirely neglected, with the exception of their implied roles as innovators or acceptors. There have been few attempts to tie practice to theory, theory to research, or research to practice. This volume attempts to provide the link between theory, research, and practice. Based upon research conducted at two large-scale water resource development projects in Indonesia, it focuses upon the problems and solutions encountered by two primary sets of people involved in the transfer of technical knowledge--foreign consultants and host country counterparts. Dr. Scott-Stevens presents a unified and applied approach to many of the cross-cultural theories, issues, and problems common to the transfer of technical knowledge across cultures.
Foreign Direct Investment by Smaller UK Firms: The Success and Failure of First-Time Investors Abroad
by Peter J. Buckley Geral d Newbould Jane ThurwellOne of the biggest risks any company can take is the setting-up of an overseas production subsidiary. The production subsidiary requires the greatest capital with the possibility of the total investment being lost should the venture fall. It is to reduce that risk that this book has been written.
Foreign Investment and Government Policy in the Third World
by Robert B. Dickie Thomas A. LaymanA broad look at the Third World and the role of foreign enterprises in the development process. It merges theory with practical examples of the interaction between multi-national enterprises and LDC governments and also analyzes developing country policies toward foreign economic presence.
Foreign Investment, Debt and Economic Growth in Latin America
by Antonio Jorge Jorge Salazar-Carrillo
Foreign Multinationals and the British Economy: Impact and Policy (Routledge Library Editions: Multinationals)
by Stephen Young Neil Hood James HamillThis book, first published in 1988, examines the impact of multinational companies on the British economy and the British government’s policy responses. It assesses the effects of multinationals both on the national economy and on different regions and evaluates the benefits and problems brought by overseas companies. It looks at how government has attempted to entice multinationals to invest, and the UK government’s success in these attraction efforts as compared with other countries. Regulatory aspects of policy are also reviewed and evaluated, and consideration is given to possible new policy approaches. This title will be of interest to students of business studies.
Foreign Multinationals and the British Economy: Impact and Policy (Routledge Library Editions: Multinationals)
by Stephen Young Neil Hood James HamillThis book, first published in 1988, examines the impact of multinational companies on the British economy and the British government’s policy responses. It assesses the effects of multinationals both on the national economy and on different regions and evaluates the benefits and problems brought by overseas companies. It looks at how government has attempted to entice multinationals to invest, and the UK government’s success in these attraction efforts as compared with other countries. Regulatory aspects of policy are also reviewed and evaluated, and consideration is given to possible new policy approaches. This title will be of interest to students of business studies.
Foreign Trade In The Present And A New International Economic Order
by Detlev Chr. Dicke Ernst-Ulrich PetersmannThis book includes a collection of papers on surveys of topics under consideration in the Uruguay Round of trade negotiations, analysis of topics of traditional concern to developing countries, and a few theoretical papers on the role of law in the international trading system.
Foreign Trade In The Present And A New International Economic Order
by Detlev Chr. DickeThis book includes a collection of papers on surveys of topics under consideration in the Uruguay Round of trade negotiations, analysis of topics of traditional concern to developing countries, and a few theoretical papers on the role of law in the international trading system.
Fortschritte in der Montage: Strategien, Methoden, Erfahrungen (IPA-IAO - Forschung und Praxis Tagungsberichte #8)
by Hans-Jürgen WarneckeDas Rationalisierungspotential der Zukunft liegt in der Montage. Daß diese Feststellung nach wie vor aktuell ist, zeigt sich schon allein in der Tatsache, daß die Montagekosten häufig immer noch den größten Teil der Herstellkosten ausmachen. Es ist deshalb heute für jeden Betriebs- und Fertigungsleiter eine unabdingbare Forderung, die Montage durch Rationalisierung, Automatisierung und Umstrukturierung kostengünstiger zu gestalten. Dies trifft vor allem auf die vielen mittelständischen Unternehmen zu, für die bisher aufgrund geringer Stückzahlen/Losgrößen und großer Variantenvielfalt eine durchgreifende Rationalisierung der Montage nicht möglich war. Die 19. Arbeitstagung des IPA wendet sich daher an Leiter in der Arbeitsvorbereitung, an Projekteure und alle diejenigen, die kompetente Antworten und praxisgerechte Lösungen zur flexiblen Montageautomatisierung suchen. Die Referenten der Tagung, die durchweg über eine langjährige Praxiserfahrung verfügen, behandeln in ihren Vorträgen u.a. folgende Themenbereiche: - Die informationstechnische Einbindung der Montage in die Fabrik der Zukunft - rechnerunterstützte Verfahren zur effizienten Planung moderner Montagesysteme - Montagegerechte Produktgestaltung: Voraussetzung für eine rationelle Montage - neue Möglichkeiten der Montageautomatisierung in mittelständischen Unternehmen - neue Einsatzfelder der Montageautomatisierung.
The Foundations of Keynesian Analysis: Proceedings of a Conference held at the University of Paris I—Panthéon-Sorbonne (Keynesian Studies)
by Alain Barrere
Frauen in der öffentlichen Arbeitsmarkt- und Strukturpolitik (Forschungsberichte des Landes Nordrhein-Westfalen #3226)
by Hannelore Neumann
Frauen ins Management von der Reservearmee zur Begabungsreserve: Von der Reservearmee zur Begabungsreserve (FAZ - Gabler Edition)
by Ch. Demmer
Free Trade and Competition in the EEC: Law, Policy and Practice
by Helen PapaconstantinouThis book examines the extent of free trade within the EEC and attempts to establish the conditions under which a State may operate in the Market through the medium of the undertakings which it controls. It discusses the ways in which Member States may tamper with free market forces without infringing the principle of free competition, and whether state liability can be established for such actions. It also assesses the separate liability of both public and private enterprises which operate under such a heavily state-regulated environment that a certain anti-competitive behaviour is virtually imposed upon them. The book concludes that the system as it operates is not as successful as it might be and that the Council of Ministers and the Commission should set guidelines for co-ordinated action in order to avoid national policies leading to a rejection of the free-market principle.
Free Trade and Competition in the EEC: Law, Policy and Practice
by Helen PapaconstantinouThis book examines the extent of free trade within the EEC and attempts to establish the conditions under which a State may operate in the Market through the medium of the undertakings which it controls. It discusses the ways in which Member States may tamper with free market forces without infringing the principle of free competition, and whether state liability can be established for such actions. It also assesses the separate liability of both public and private enterprises which operate under such a heavily state-regulated environment that a certain anti-competitive behaviour is virtually imposed upon them. The book concludes that the system as it operates is not as successful as it might be and that the Council of Ministers and the Commission should set guidelines for co-ordinated action in order to avoid national policies leading to a rejection of the free-market principle.
Freight Transport Planning and Logistics: Proceedings of an International Seminar on Freight Transport Planning and Logistics Held in Bressanone, Italy, July 1987 (Lecture Notes in Economics and Mathematical Systems #317)
by Lucio Bianco Agostino La BellaImprovements in the performance of a freight transport system can be achieved either through technological innovation or by using advanced planning tools. This volume includes contributions on planning which cover the following topics: - analysis of current trends in developed countries, - demand analysis and forecasting, - flows simulation and prediction, - shipment and delivery problems, - regulation problems, - investment evaluation. Papers consider such applications as warehouse location, crude oil transportation, newspaper distribution, the trucking industry, rail planning and seaport systems. Transport issues in North America and Italy are described and compared. The papers in this volume are revised versions of contributions to the International Seminar on Freight Transport Planning and Logistics held in Bressanone, Italy, in July 1987.
Fremdkapitalbeschaffung durch Finanzinnovationen: Finanzinnovationen aus Sicht der Unternehmen, Banken und Kapitalanleger (Oikos Studien zur Ökonomie)
by Michael Demuth
Fundamentals of Production Theory (Lecture Notes in Economics and Mathematical Systems #311)
by Rolf FäreThis graduate text develops production theory from a set of reasonable axioms. The theory is presented both in a primal and dual as well as in an indirect (constrained) framework. The basic model leads to a set of efficiency measures which can be readily employed in empirical work. A first draft of the text was used to teach students at Vanderbilt University. The text includes a variety of exercise problems.
