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Bone SPECT/CT of Ankle and Foot

Divided into two parts, this book discusses various aspects of bone SPECT/CT of ankle and foot.The first part is dedicated to foot and ankle pathology and concisely presents those disorders most frequently detected with a bone scan. The authors also describe common pathologies that cannot be diagnosed with bone scans, such as Morton’s neuroma, but which nuclear physicians need to recognize. Orthopedic surgeons’ expectancies are highlighted and several bone scan studies of clinical interest are presented.The second part is devoted to anatomy: bones, articulations and all relevant anatomical structures that are necessary to interpret a bone scan of the ankle and foot are described by means of anatomical illustrations with captions.At the end of the last decade, hybrid scanners with the ability to acquire single-photon emission computed tomoscintigraphy (SPECT) and multislice CT data simultaneously were introduced, thus opening a wide range of perspectives for nuclear physicians. Like their radiologist colleagues in the early 1990s, nuclear physicians have discovered pathologies that they were unaware of and have visualized increased tracer uptakes that they were previously unable to detect. This book, written by nuclear physicians and orthopedic surgeons specialized in the foot and ankle, will increase understanding of this whole new semiology.The internationally recognized Terminologia Anatomica has been used for the nomenclature of anatomical structures.

New Frontiers of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics

This book is comprised of presentations delivered at the 5th Workshop on Biostatistics and Bioinformatics held in Atlanta on May 5-7, 2017. Featuring twenty-two selected papers from the workshop, this book showcases the most current advances in the field, presenting new methods, theories, and case applications at the frontiers of biostatistics, bioinformatics, and interdisciplinary areas.Biostatistics and bioinformatics have been playing a key role in statistics and other scientific research fields in recent years. The goal of the 5th Workshop on Biostatistics and Bioinformatics was to stimulate research, foster interaction among researchers in field, and offer opportunities for learning and facilitating research collaborations in the era of big data. The resulting volume offers timely insights for researchers, students, and industry practitioners.

Reimagining Innovation in Humanitarian Medicine: Engineering Unconventional Technologies For An Unconventional World (Springerbriefs In Bioengineering Ser.)

Throughout history, humanity has been plagued by a myriad of humanitarian crises that seemingly take the form of perpetual human suffering. Today, approximately 125,000,000 people require humanitarian assistance as the result of famine, war, geopolitical conflict, and natural disasters. A core component of this suffering is afflictions related to human health, where disturbances strain or overwhelm the existing healthcare infrastructure to create the conditions for an increase in morbidities and co-morbidities. One of the more startling elements is the loss of life to preventable medical conditions that were not properly treated or even diagnosed in the field, and is often due to the limited interventional capacity that medical teams and humanitarian practitioners have in these scenarios. These individuals are often hindered by medical equipment deficiencies or devices not meant to function in austere conditions. The development of highly versatile, feasible, and cost-effective medical devices and technologies that can be deployed in the field is essential to enhancing medical care in unconventional settings. In this book we examine the nature of the creative problem-solving paradigm, and dissect the intersection of frugal, disruptive, open, and reverse innovation processes in advancing humanitarian medicine. Specifically, we examine the feasible deployment of these devices and technologies in unconventional environments not only by humanitarian aid and disaster relief agencies, but also by crisis-affected communities themselves. The challenge is complex, but the financial support and technical development of innovative solutions for the delivery of humanitarian aid is a process in which everyone is a stakeholder.

HIV/AIDS-Associated Viral Oncogenesis (Cancer Treatment And Research Ser. #177)

One of the most important aspects of AIDS is the loss of protective immune function in the infected host which leads to increased prevalence of opportunistic infections and cancers. This book specifically addresses viral-induced human cancers associated with AIDS and observed in the AIDS population. It addresses the specific treatment required in this special population and the molecular biology of the causative viral agents.

Prehypertension and Cardiometabolic Syndrome (Updates in Hypertension and Cardiovascular Protection)

This book sheds new light on the management of patients with borderline cardiovascular risk factors in order to prevent their progression to end organ damage. The book stimulates discussion of this poorly understood condition and lays the groundwork for developing recommendations and guidelines.While the diagnostic and therapeutic approach to full-blown diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia and obesity is well defined, there is still a lack of clear understanding and guidelines as far as patients with borderline conditions – especially when multiple – are concerned. Moreover, end-organ damage depends on several factors, including genetic factors, making it difficult to predict its extent. As such, the gradual transition from a healthy subject to one with functional hemodynamic changes, and then one with structurally asymptomatic changes and lastly to overt disease needs further investigation.In order to address these knowledge gaps, the book covers a broad variety of topics, making it a valuable tool for identifying which asymptomatic subjects could profit from being appropriately screened and at what stage. Furthermore it offers insights into better treating these patients to prevent their progression to overt disease. The book appeals to cardiologists, primary care physicians and all those healthcare professional looking to optimize the management of these complex and often undiagnosed cases.

Handbook of Parenting and Child Development Across the Lifespan

This handbook presents the latest theories and findings on parenting, from the evolving roles and tasks of childrearing to insights from neuroscience, prevention science, and genetics. Chapters explore the various processes through which parents influence the lives of their children, as well as the effects of parenting on specific areas of child development, such as language, communication, cognition, emotion, sibling and peer relationships, schooling, and health. Chapters also explore the determinants of parenting, including consideration of biological factors, parental self-regulation and mental health, cultural and religious factors, and stressful and complex social conditions such as poverty, work-related separation, and divorce. In addition, the handbook provides evidence supporting the implementation of parenting programs such as prevention/early intervention and treatments for established issues. The handbook addresses the complementary role of universal and targeted parenting programs, the economic benefits of investment in parenting programs, and concludes with future directions for research and practice. Topics featured in the Handbook include: · The role of fathers in supporting children’s development. · Developmental disabilities and their effect on parenting and child development. · Child characteristics and their reciprocal effects on parenting. · Long-distance parenting and its impact on families. · The shifting dynamic of parenting and adult-child relationships. · The effects of trauma, such as natural disasters, war exposure, and forced displacement on parenting. The Handbook of Parenting and Child Development Across the Lifespan is an essential reference for researchers, graduate students, clinicians, and therapists and professionals in clinical child and school psychology, social work, pediatrics, developmental psychology, family studies, child and adolescent psychiatry, and special education.

Predictive Biomarkers in Oncology: Applications In Precision Medicine

“Precision/personalized or stratified medicine” refers to the tailoring of medical treatment or drug administration to the individual characteristics of each patient treatment. It does not literally mean that a pharmaceutical company makes a drug for an individual patient for consumption and treatment but rather means the ability to stratify (or classify) individuals into sub-populations that differ in their responsiveness to a specific drug. A marker that provides information on the likely response to therapy, i.e., either in terms of tumor shrinkage or survival of the patient is termed “predictive biomarker”. Despite their promise in precision medicine and the explosion of knowledge in this area, there is not a single source on this subject that puts all this evidence together in a concise or richly illustrated and easy to understand manner. This book provides a collection of ingeniously organized, well-illustrated and up-to-date authoritative chapters divided into five sections that are clear and easy to understand. Section one provides an overview of biomarkers, introduces the basic terminologies, definitions, technologies, tools and concepts associated with this subject in the form of illustrations/graphics, photographs and concise texts. Several recent biomarker endeavors that have been initiated and funded by the National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, FDA and other International organizations are presented. Section two involves the signaling pathways controlling cell growth and differentiation altered in cancer. This section analyzes how predictive biomarkers are altered (expressed or amplified) across cancer types. Section three explores how predictive biomarkers play a role in patient stratification and tailored treatment in relationship to specific cancers. In addition, it includes discussion on the various precision medicine initiatives that are going on across the globe (e.g. TARGET, NCI-MATCH, BATTLE, SHIVA, etc.). Section four discusses: (a) how pharmaceutical companies validate predictive biomarker assays and accompanying companion diagnostics either internally or externally with partner companies such as central laboratories or clinical research organizations, and (b) how predictive biomarker tests fall under the oversight of US FDA, Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) and state laws. Section five wraps up novel agents and targets that are being used as targets for cancer therapeutics. The biomarkers associated with these protocols will also be presented. Throughout the book, sidebars, special interest boxes and illustrations are used to explain terms that are either newly introduced, uncommon, or specialized. Predictive Biomarkers in Oncology will serve as a definitive guide for practicing pathologists, oncologists, basic researchers, and personnel in the pharmaceutical or diagnostic industry interested in learning how “predictive biomarkers” are used in precision cancer therapy.

Imaging of the Temporomandibular Joint

This superbly illustrated book is designed to meet the demand for a comprehensive yet concise source of information on temporomandibular joint (TMJ) imaging that covers all aspects of TMJ diagnostics. After introductory chapters on anatomy, histology, and the basics of radiological imaging, detailed guidance is provided on the use and interpretation of radiography, CT, CBCT, ultrasound, MRI, and nuclear medicine techniques. Readers will find clear presentation of the imaging findings in the full range of TMJ pathologies, from intrinsic pathological processes to invasion by lesions of the temporal bone and mandibular condyle. Careful attention is also paid to the technical issues confronted when using different imaging modalities, and the means of resolving them. The role of interventional radiology is examined, and consideration given to the use of arthrography and arthrography-guided steroid treatment. In addition, an overview of recent advances in research on TMJ diagnostics is provided. Imaging of the Temporomandibular Joint has been written by an international team of dedicated authors and will be of high value to clinicians in their daily practice.

Websites für Arztpraxen

Jörg Naumann erläutert Schritt für Schritt, wie man eine einfache, patientenorientierte Praxis-Website konzipiert. Der Autor zeigt, wie Praxisziele formuliert werden und man Zielgruppen anspricht und wie wichtig es ist, Inhalte in sinnvolle Kategorien zu ordnen und diese durch eine verständliche Navigation zu verbinden. Des Weiteren vermittelt der Autor Erkenntnisse und seine Erfahrungen über Designgrundsätze, psychologische Faktoren, Nutzer- und Suchmaschinenfreundlichkeit sowie Barrierefreiheit, die in die Entwicklung einer Website einfließen sollten. Das essential wendet sich an den interessierten Leser, der eine Praxis-Website erstellen oder einem Relaunch unterziehen möchte, insbesondere an Ärzte und Zahnärzte. Es hat dabei den Praxisgründer, Praxisinhaber oder Website-Verantwortlichen im Blick.Der AutorDr. med. Jörg Naumann ist Zahnarzt in Chemnitz. Er arbeitet neben seiner Praxistätigkeit an verschiedenen Websites und führt einen Verlag für elektronische Bücher.

GOÄ 2019 Kommentar, IGeL-Abrechnung

Gute Leistung muss gut bezahlt werden Kommentierung der einzelnen Leistungen Abrechenbarkeit, Steigerungssätze, mögliche Ausschlüsse, aktuelle Gerichtsurteile Praktische Abrechnungstipps und -beispiele mit Analogen Bewertungen gemäß GOÄ §6 (2), Auslegungshinweisen und Beschlüssen, u.a. von BÄK und dem Zentralen Konsultationsausschusses für GebührenordnungsfragenBerufsverbändenPVS Besondere Berücksichtigung von Umsatzsteuerpflicht für ÄrzteAbrechnung gegenüber der Beihilfe PLUS Anwendung und Auslegung der GOÄ-Paragraphen im Krankenhausbereich mit GerichtsurteilenAbrechnung von Spezialbereichen, u.a. Schmerztherapie, SchlafmedizinÄrztliche Leichenschau mit Dokumentation und ICD-KodierungenHinweise und Leistungsübersicht zur Abrechnung nach GOÄ für Zahnärzte Hinweise und Links zu Ambulanter spezialfachärztlicher Versorgung (ASV) im GKV-Bereich – teilweise z.Zt. Abrechnung nach GOÄKommentierung praxisrelevanter Analognummern der PKV zur Gebührenordnung für Ärzte (inkl. aktueller unzulässiger Analogabrechnungen) IGeL-Abrechnung, Alternative Medizin Mit zahlreichen Tipps, Abrechnungsbeispielen für IGeL-Leistungen und Alternative Medizin , Hinweisen zur verlässlichen Abrechnung von SelbstzahlerleistungenNEU: Mit Anmerkungen und Links zur kritischen Bewertungen der Alternativen Medizin in Fachorganen und Publikumszeitschriften Alle Informationen für die erfolgreich optimierte Abrechnung im Praxisalltag: korrekt, verlässlich, vollständig. Aktualisierungsservice: Aktuelle Änderungen und Ergänzungen als pdf auf www.springermedizin.de/HermannsGOÄ

Japan's Shifting Status in the World and the Development of Japan's Medical Insurance Systems

This book explains the origins and early developments of Japanese medical insurance systems from the 1920s to the 1950s. It closely examines the changes in the systems and the symbiotic relationship between Japan’s status in international relations and the development of domestic medical insurance systems. While previous studies have regarded the origins and development of Japanese medical insurance systems as merely a domestic issue and pay little attention to the role or effects of international affairs, this book closely examines the changes in these systems by looking at the enactment of the Health Insurance Law in 1922, the establishment of the National Health Insurance in 1938, the epoch-making reforms of 1942, numerous plans in the early Allied occupation period, and Japan’s social security plan in 1950. In doing so, it shows that there was indeed a symbiotic relationship between Japan’s status in international relations and the changing nature of domestic medical insurance systems. It also reveals that Japan’s status in international relations set the framework within which interested groups, primarily the government, made rational choices. This book is a valuable resource for academics, researchers and students who have an interest in the Japanese medical insurance systems.

A History of Medicine

Stressing major themes in the history of medicine, this Second Edition stimulates further exploration of the events, methodologies, and theories that shaped medical practices in decades past and in modern clinical practice-highlighting the practices of civilizations around the world, as well as the research of pioneering scientists and physicians w

Motor Control, Learning and Development: Instant Notes, 2nd Edition (Instant Notes)

An understanding of the scientific principles underpinning the learning and execution of fundamental and skilled movements is of central importance in disciplines across the sport and exercise sciences. The second edition of Motor Control, Learning and Development: Instant Notes offers students an accessible, clear and concise introduction to the core concepts of motor behavior, from learning through to developing expertise. Including two brand new chapters on implicit versus explicit learning and motor control and aging, this new edition is fully revised and updated, and covers: definitions, theories and measurements of motor control; information processing, neurological issues and sensory factors in control; theories and stages of motor learning; memory and feedback; the development of fundamental movement skills; and the application of theory to coaching and rehabilitation practice. Highly illustrated and well-formatted, the book allows readers to grasp complex ideas quickly, through learning objectives, research highlights, review questions and activities, and encourages students to deepen their understanding through further reading suggestions. This is important foundational reading for any student taking classes in motor control, learning or behavior or skill acquisition, or a clear and concise reference for any practicing sports coach, physical education teacher or rehabilitation specialist.

Natural Products as Source of Molecules with Therapeutic Potential: Research And Development, Challenges And Perspectives

This book addresses the highly relevant and complex subject of research on drugs from natural products, discussing the current hot topics in the field. It also provides a detailed overview of the strategies used to research and develop these drugs. Respected experts explore issues involved in the production chain and when looking for new medicinal agents, including aspects such as therapeutic potential, functional foods, ethnopharmacology, metabolomics, virtual screening and regulatory scenarios. Further, the book describes strategic methods of isolation and characterization of active principles, biological assays, biotechnology of plants, synthesis, clinical trials and the use of tools to identity active principles.

Person Centered Approach to Recovery in Medicine

This book offers a resource to aid in implementing psychosocial screening, assessment, and consequently integrating prevention, care and treatment (i.e. pharmacological, psychosocial rehabilitation and psychotherapeutic) in medicine. It is becoming increasingly recognized that one method of combating spiraling health care costs in developed nations is to integrate psychiatric care into medicine including primary care settings. This volume reviews the main issues relative to the paradigm of a person-centered and recovery-oriented approach that should imbue all medical areas and specialties. It proposes integration methods in screening and assessment, clinimetric approach, dignity conserving care, cross-cultural and ethical aspects, treatment and training as a basic and mandatory need of a whole psychosomatic approach bridging the several specialties in medicine. As such, the book addresses a topic that all physicians, including primary care and psychiatric professionals in a wide variety of mental health settings are currently discussing, planning and preoccupied with, namely the task of integrating mental health into all the medical fields, including primary care, cardiology, psychiatry, oncology and so on.

Congenital Heart Disease: The Nursing Care Handbook

This book provides the theoretical and practical basis of technical nursing in congenital heart disease; it is intended for nurses and nursing students, and for anyone involved in the treatment of these patients. The improvements in diagnosis and management of patients with congenital heart disease (CHD) are due to the recent advances in cardiac surgery and interventional cardiology and have meant that an increasing number of infants are reaching adolescence and adulthood. This manual is a practical and easy-to-use guide, which promotes effective cooperation between health professionals. Congenital heart disease is a disorder that is present at birth, and studies show that the incidence is around eight cases per thousand live births. The heart is formed during the first four - ten weeks of gestation, and alterations to this process can affect normal development, leading to heart defects. There are various types of heart defects: abnormalities that affect a single part of the heart (for example a valve) but also, highly complex abnormalities where there is severe damage to the cardiac architecture. The seriousness of the disease and the effects on child health vary: some forms have no real impact on child health and allow a normal life, while others are incompatible with life.

Global Health Leadership: Case Studies From The Asia-pacific

This timely book serves as an overview of the challenges in global health leadership from multiple perspectives, bringing together an interdisciplinary group of academics, researchers, and leaders from around the world who are conducting innovative and high-quality research in the field of global health (GH). The book helps illustrate theoretical and conceptual ideas of leadership using recent examples of GH challenges from the Asia-Pacific region.Leadership is an important element of education and training in GH. Leadership can be demonstrated by many sectors, including local and national government, intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations, multilateral organizations, civil society, and private individuals and corporations. The cases included in this book provide an analysis of the major components to successful efforts in GH, including cooperation, cultural competency, vision, and community ownership.Given that GH practice is typically conducted in team settings with members from various backgrounds, this book provides students, faculty, and professionals in public health and related fields with an opportunity to examine multiple examples of leadership in different contexts. Readers learn how leaders have overcome challenges faced in the operationalization of complex health interventions, foreign policy, and working with key stakeholders and organizations.This book aims to help students to:Identify key trends and issues working in GH contexts;Analyze situations in GH and explain the ways public health, health care, and other organizations can work together or individually to affect the health of a community;Recognize the ways that diversity influences policies, programs, services, and the health of a community;Support diverse perspectives in developing, implementing, and evaluating policies, programs, and services that affect the health of a community;Identify characteristics of GH leaders;Learn about ways to identify and measure success in leadership; andUnderstand the challenges and barriers faced in GH programs and how to overcome those.

Synthesis of Therapeutic Oligonucleotides

This book presents the latest knowledge on a broad range of topics relating to the synthesis of natural and artificial oligonucleotides with therapeutic potential. Nucleic acid-based therapeutics are attracting much attention, and numerous therapeutic oligonucleotides, such as antisense oligonucleotides, siRNAs, splice-switching oligonucleotides, and nucleic acid aptamers, are being evaluated in clinical trials for the treatment of a variety of diseases. Synthesis of Therapeutic Oligonucleotides covers a broad range of topics in the field that are of high relevance to researchers, including the synthesis of natural and chemically modified oligonucleotides, the development of novel nucleic acid analogs, industrial scale synthesis and purification of oligonucleotides, and important aspects of chemistry, manufacturing, and controls (CMC). The aim is to provide new insights and inspire fresh ideas in nucleic acid chemistry that may ultimately lead to novel concepts and techniques and the discovery of more effective nucleic acid drugs. The book will be of high value for both established researchers in the field and students intending to specialize in nucleic acid chemistry research.

History: Health And The People - C1000 To The Present Day (PDF)

Practise and perfect the knowledge and skills that students need to achieve their best grade in the AQA GCSE (9-1) History exams. Packed full of consolidation activities and exam-style questions, this time-saving Workbook makes it easier to reinforce understanding throughout the course and prepare for examination. - Apply, embed and recap knowledge using tried-and-tested consolidation activities that put the large amount of content into context - Develop the exam skills required for the 9-1 examinations with a bank of practice questions that covers every question type and includes mark allocations to indicate how much time students should spend on an answer - Tackle the challenges of visual and written sources as plenty of examples and questions are provided - Help students identify their revision needs and understand how to improve their responses by consulting the online answers/answer guidance for each activity and question - Use flexibly for homework or classwork, during the course or for revision and exam practice - Feel confident about exam preparation, knowing that the activities and questions have been carefully created by a team of experienced examiners and practising teachers

Pediatric Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry: A Global, Healthcare Systems-Focused, and Problem-Based Approach

This ambitious resource presents an inventive approach to integrating pediatric and mental health care based in comprehensive, family-centered service delivery. Its framework adds a problem-solving focus to the core principles of pediatric consultation-liaison psychiatry, emphasizing young patients’ developmental, family, and social context. An international panel of expert clinicians explores the value of the mental health component in treating complex and chronic cases across varied settings, as well as practical considerations in implementing collaborative pediatric care systemwide, including at the global level. Detailed case histories illustrate skills and traits essential to making this problem-based approach work, such as multidimensional thinking, a prevention mentality, a dedication to lifelong learning, and empathy and respect for young clients and their families. Included in the coverage: · Pediatric medicine for the child psychiatrist. · Safety issues in a general medical facility setting. · “Other medical” presentations and considerations in pediatric consultation-liaison psychiatry. · Principles of biopsychosocial formulation and interventions in the pediatric medical setting. · Preventive models for reducing major causes of morbidity and mortality in childhood. Child and adolescent psychiatrists, child and school psychologists, and physicians in pediatrics, general practice, and family medicine will welcome Pediatric Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry as both a robust training text and a blueprint for the future of children’s medicine.

Compression and Chronic Wound Management

This book evaluates the various evidence-based arguments for the use of compression to treat chronic wounds. It describes the growing health burden caused by these lesions with vast sums spent on wound management and its associated complexities around the world. Since compression is the mainstay of treatment in venous conditions ranging from varicose veins through venous leg ulcers, the authors have also evaluated the use of compression techniques in the successful management of lymphoedema and certain orthopaedic conditions. Compression and Chronic Wound Management provides a balanced text on how to apply scientific knowledge to ensure pragmatic clinical practice. It therefore represents an essential resource for residents, specialists and researchers in wound management, whether they are dermatologist, vascular medicine physicians and surgeons, or orthopaedic practitioners.

Ethics, Law And Professional Issues: A Practice-based Approach For Health Professionals

As a healthcare practitioner, you will face a broad range of professional dilemmas in your everyday practice. From seeking consent to upholding patient confidentiality, you'll rely on your knowledge of ethics, the law and professional codes of conduct to guide your actions. Balancing these three strands can be difficult, but with detailed scenarios and accessible discussion, this book guides you through the complexities of practice. Taking a practice-based approach, the text explores the combination of ethical, legal and professional issues which characterise the field of healthcare. A range of experienced contributors come together to provide: ■ detailed analysis of confidentiality, accountability, consent, capacity and justice, all grounded within the daily practice context; ■ authoritative guidance through discussion of legal cases, excerpts from statutes and extracts from professional guidelines; ■ realistic scenarios drawn from a range of health settings, unravelling and illustrating the guidelines, statutes and policies which influence practice; ■ advice on balancing the conflicting pressures of the modern healthcare context, from facing time limitations to challenging the unprofessional practice of others. Ethics, Law and Professional Issues puts you at the centre of some of a practitioner's most difficult decisions. It is therefore an essential resource for any student of healthcare looking to develop an ethically, legally and professionally sound approach to practice.

Ethnicity And Nursing Practice (Sociology And Nursing Practice Ser.)

Disparities in Child Health: A Solutions-based Approach (SpringerBriefs in Public Health)

This forward-looking resource shines needed light on—and offers realistic solutions for eliminating—health disparities affecting one of the most vulnerable populations: children. Its multilevel framework identifies sources of pediatric health inequities in developmental, societal, familial, financial, and service delivery contexts and sets out innovations for breaking down and addressing longstanding concerns. Plentiful opportunities are described for reducing gaps and promoting equity at various service platforms, from locally-based improvements to systemwide tech upgrades, that can be used as models for revamping larger health policy. And the authors’ long-term perspective emphasizes screening, wellness care, early intervention, and prevention strategies to support young patients in the transitions between childhood, adolescence, and young adulthood. Included in this compact idea book:Disparities in child health: a reviewQuality of care in pediatrics and health disparities: the increasing role of quality improvement scienceCommunity health worker interventionsTechnology-based interventions to address pediatric health disparitiesPlace-based strategies in promoting health equityFuture directions for a solutions-based approachWith its clear delineation of issues and priorities, and its workable recommendations for addressing them, Disparities in Child Health is a ready source of ideas and advocacy for practitioners and researchers in pediatrics, maternal and child health, and general practice/family medicine.

Endoscopic Biopsy Interpretation: A Practical Guide

The volume of endoscopic biopsies being performed continues to grow rapidly and they now represent one of the most common specimens encountered in routine surgical pathology practice. It is essential to maintain the balance between the speed and accuracy while integrating emerging sophisticated pathology techniques into endoscopic biopsies in routine practice. Microscopic appearance is virtually diagnostic of certain diseases. In others a diagnosis may be rendered only after correlating the microscopic pattern with clinical clues aided by ancillary tests.This text provides a guide to systematic approach of endoscopic biopsies to render a safe, quick and accurate pathological diagnosis in an integrated manner as well as important information that pathologists and clinicians should know to get the best value of endoscopic biopsies. The first chapter introduces the key microscopic features that are normal and abnormal in the gut mucosa as appreciated in an endoscopic biopsy. The second chapter presents a general overview highlighting the neoplastic and non-neoplastic patterns that are common to the entire tubular gut. Because some patterns are common to many sites, an overarching chapter gives the reader a generalized approach, which will be further refined in subsequent site specific chapters. The disease etiologies of each pattern are discussed, with emphasis placed on the most common causes that will be encountered in clinical practice. The subsequent chapters that follow then concentrate on patterns encountered at specific anatomical locations. Under each anatomical location (esophagus, stomach, small intestine and large intestine) site specific patterns of both neoplastic and non-neoplastic conditions are described. Conditions that affect many sites in the gastrointestinal tract are discussed in detail in the most relevant site chapter, but are referred to in other chapters as the reaction pattern/s they produce at that site is discussed. Ancillary tests that are required for a diagnosis of some diseases in particular neoplastic conditions are listed with tips for interpretation. This is presented mostly in a table format to assist day-to-day quick reference. In keeping with recent advances of using small biopsies for testing clinically relevant bio markers, important information that the pathologists and clinicians need to know is highlighted in appropriate sites. Authored by experts in the field, each chapter is presented under headings that include diagnostic features, patterns with relevant endoscopic and clinical clues, traps and overlapping features, and appropriate ancillary tests including clinically relevant molecular signatures in endoscopic biopsies.