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Rationality in Social Science: Foundations, Norms, and Prosociality
by Ivar Krumpal Werner Raub Andreas TutićThe concept of rationality and its significance for theory and empirical research in social science are key topics of scholarly discussion. In the tradition of an analytical as well as empirical approach in social science, this volume assembles novel contributions on methodological foundations and basic assumptions of theories of rational choice. The volume highlights the use of rational choice assumptions for research on fundamental problems in social theory such as the emergence, dynamics, and effects of social norms and the conditions for cooperation and prosociality.
Einsame Spitze: Frauen in Organisationen
by Doris KrumpholzDas Buch gibt konkrete praktische Hinweise für Frauen, die berufstätig sind und aufsteigen wollen. Dazu werden wissenschaftliche Theorien und Befunde zur Situation von Frauen in der Gesellschaft allgemein und speziell am Arbeitsmarkt dargestellt und ausgewertet.
Women Who Sell Sex: A Review of Psychological Research With Clinical Implications
by Elizabeth Krumrei Mancuso Bennett E. PostlethwaiteBased on leading empirical psychological research from around the world, this book offers valuable insights on women who sell sex. It synthesizes the extensive body of scholarly work on the topic of women selling sex from a psychological perspective in order to understand why women choose to do so. In turn, the book highlights a range of important sociocultural contexts surrounding the sale of sex that are major sources of stress, and examines how women cope with these circumstances. Illustrating the multi-faceted nature of selling sex, the book will contribute to debates on individual and societal responses to this major sociopolitical—and at the same time, deeply personal—issue. Including original case material and outlining future directions for researchers, it offers an informative and engaging resource for academics, researchers, students and professionals around the globe.
SIKU: Documenting Inuit Sea Ice Knowledge and Use
by Igor Krupnik Claudio Aporta Shari Gearheard Gita J. Laidler Lene Kielsen HolmBy exploring indigenous people’s knowledge and use of sea ice, the SIKU project has demonstrated the power of multiple perspectives and introduced a new field of interdisciplinary research, the study of social (socio-cultural) aspects of the natural world, or what we call the social life of sea ice. It incorporates local terminologies and classifications, place names, personal stories, teachings, safety rules, historic narratives, and explanations of the empirical and spiritual connections that people create with the natural world. In opening the social life of sea ice and the value of indigenous perspectives we make a novel contribution to IPY, to science, and to the public
Vermessung digitaler Arbeitswelten: Zur Transformationsgestaltung der Büroarbeit in KMU
by Christian KruschitzDieses Buch geht im Lichte der ausgerufenen digitalen Transformation der Arbeitswelt empirisch der Frage nach, wie Klein- und Mittelbetriebe (KMU) ihre Büroarbeit kommunikativ und arbeitsorganisatorisch mittels digitaler Medien gestalten. Dazu werden soziotechnische Herausforderungen von KMU aus der kritischen Perspektive der Medien- und Kommunikationswissenschaft erkundet. Im Rahmen eines Mixed-Methods-Ansatzes werden vom innovationsgesteuerten IT-Start-up bis zur konservativ agierenden Schlosserei betriebliche Rahmenbedingungen, mediale Arbeitsplatzgestaltungen, digitale Transformationsprozesse, digitale Kompetenzentwicklungskonzepte sowie Zukunftsaussichten der KMU erhoben und analysiert. Als Interpretationsschablone der Befragungsergebnisse dient das Konzept der kommunikativen Figurationen mediatisierter Welten. Es zeigt sich, dass durch die digitale Transformation die Arbeitsfolgen ambivalent ausfallen und neue Spannungsfelder zwischen technologiezentrierten Erwartungshaltungen, neuen Arbeitsanforderungen, Beschäftigten-Bedürfnissen und gesetzlichen Regelungen entstehen. Schlussfolgernd wird als Handlungsempfehlung für KMU auf die sich wechselseitig beeinflussenden Handlungsfelder Arbeitsproduktivität, Gesundheitsschutz, digitale Kompetenzentwicklung und Arbeitsplatz-Attraktivität hingewiesen, die es bei der Gestaltung von soziotechnischen Arrangements besonders zu beachten gilt.
Internationaler Austausch in der Sozialen Arbeit: Entwicklungen - Erfahrungen - Erträge
by Elke KruseDas Thema des internationalen Austauschs in der Sozialen Arbeit steht im Zentrum dieses Bandes: in seinen verschiedenen Facetten und unter Einbeziehung der historischen Dimension. Angesichts zurzeit allseits präsenter Forderungen nach Internationalität und Sammlung internationaler Erfahrungen werden Ziele, Methoden, Inhalte und Auswirkungen des internationalen Austauschs in der Sozialen Arbeit unter besonderer Berücksichtigung des Fachkräfteaustauschs – dessen immense Bedeutung, dessen Rolle und Auswirkungen bisher kaum wahrgenommen, geschweige denn wissenschaftlich erforscht wurden – beleuchtet.
Differenz im Raum: Sozialstruktur und Grenzziehung in deutschen Städten
by Hanno Kruse Janna TeltemannSoziale Grenzziehungen prägen das Zusammenleben in Städten. Wie diese Einsicht in der quantitativen Stadtsoziologie berücksichtigt werden kann, thematisiert dieser Sammelband. Beispielhaft vermitteln dessen Beiträge die Bedeutung von gruppen- und raumbezogener Kategorisierung für die Analyse räumlicher Sozialstruktur. Anhand verschiedener empirischer Studien zu Ausmaß, Ursachen und Konsequenzen von Segregation und räumlicher Ungleichheit liefern sie gleichzeitig eine Bestandsaufnahme räumlicher Differenz in Deutschland.
Demokratie in einer globalen Welt: Überwindung der Denk- und Handlungskrise unserer Parteien
by Heinz KruseSteckt unsere Demokratie in einer Krise? Fühlt sich die Politik nicht mehr an das allgemeine Wohl als ihr oberstes Ziel gebunden? Die wechselseitige Entfremdung zwischen Bürgerschaft und politischen Akteuren sollte in einer funktionierenden Demokratie ausgeschlossen sein. Dennoch hat sich scheinbar eine solche Entfremdung eingeschlichen – demokratische Strukturen sind nur noch eine Formalität zur Legitimation der existierenden Machtstrukturen. Parteieliten und Wirtschaftsmächtige scheinen gleichgeschaltete Interessen zu haben. Heinz Kruse kreist um die Frage, mit welchen Mitteln unsere Politik wieder demokratisiert werden könnte. Er wirft einen Blick auf die wirtschaftlichen und politischen Grundlagen einer modernen Demokratie. Der Autor zeigt auf, dass demokratische Reformen nötig und auch möglich sind, und skizziert einen Weg zur Umsetzung dieser Reformen.
Metaphernanalyse: Ein rekonstruktiver Ansatz (Qualitative Sozialforschung)
by Jan Kruse Kay Biesel Christian SchmiederDieser Band führt in die sozialwissenschaftliche Metaphernanalyse ein und zeigt, wie sie in eine offene Analysemethodik eingebettet wird, die eine suspensive Haltung gegenüber sprachlich-kommunikativen Phänomenen ermöglicht. Zielsetzung ist, die Sensibilität gegenüber Sprache im Allgemeinen und Metaphoriken im Speziellen in eine methodisch fundierte und nachvollziehbare, aber offene und damit anschlussfähige Analysepraxis zu überführen: Die Metaphernanalyse wird nicht als eigenständige Methode positioniert, sondern als ein Verfahren unter verschiedenen Werkzeugen zur Umsetzung einer rekonstruktiven Analysepraxis. Im Mittelpunkt steht die Metapherntheorie nach Lakoff und Johnson, die anschaulich vorgestellt und verortet wird.
The New Suburban History (Historical Studies of Urban America)
by Kevin M. Kruse Thomas J. SugrueAmerica has become a nation of suburbs. Confronting the popular image of suburbia as simply a refuge for affluent whites, The New Suburban History rejects the stereotypes of a conformist and conflict-free suburbia. The seemingly calm streets of suburbia were, in fact, battlegrounds over race, class, and politics. With this collection, Kevin Kruse and Thomas Sugrue argue that suburbia must be understood as a central factor in the modern American experience. Kruse and Sugrue here collect ten essays—augmented by their provocative introduction—that challenge our understanding of suburbia. Drawing from original research on suburbs across the country, the contributors recast important political and social issues in the context of suburbanization. Their essays reveal the role suburbs have played in the transformation of American liberalism and conservatism; the contentious politics of race, class, and ethnicity; and debates about the environment, land use, and taxation. The contributors move the history of African Americans, Latinos, Asians, and blue-collar workers from the margins to the mainstream of suburban history. From this broad perspective, these innovative historians explore the way suburbs affect—and are affected by—central cities, competing suburbs, and entire regions. The results, they show, are far-reaching: the emergence of a suburban America has reshaped national politics, fostered new social movements, and remade the American landscape. The New Suburban History offers nothing less than a new American history—one that claims the nation cannot be fully understood without a history of American suburbs at its very center.
Politik, Medien Und Jugend: Politikverständnisse Und Politische Identität Im Mediatisierten Alltag Jugendlicher (Critical Studies In Media And Communication Ser. #27)
by Merle-Marie Kruse
Making Change: Youth Social Entrepreneurship as an Approach to Positive Youth and Community Development (Social Justice and Youth Community Prac)
by Tina P. KruseEngaging youth as leaders of social change offers the exponential benefits of personal empowerment, community enhancement, and economic transformation. Grounded both in interdisciplinary theory and an expansive set of practical case examples, Making Change uses an asset focus and cultural relevance that centralizes youth and communities in social entrepreneurship, while introducing vocabulary and frameworks for youth social entrepreneurship advocates to gain resources and political traction for the approach. Readers will have the opportunity to consider the complex interplay of individual, economic, and community development versus oversimplifying causes or solutions of social disparities. Individuals engaged in youth work, program design, funding, and the study of youth and community development will appreciate the text's exploration of existing research and theory that cross scholarly disciplines to promote a robust view of youth development.
Making Change: Youth Social Entrepreneurship as an Approach to Positive Youth and Community Development (Social Justice and Youth Community Prac)
by Tina P. KruseEngaging youth as leaders of social change offers the exponential benefits of personal empowerment, community enhancement, and economic transformation. Grounded both in interdisciplinary theory and an expansive set of practical case examples, Making Change uses an asset focus and cultural relevance that centralizes youth and communities in social entrepreneurship, while introducing vocabulary and frameworks for youth social entrepreneurship advocates to gain resources and political traction for the approach. Readers will have the opportunity to consider the complex interplay of individual, economic, and community development versus oversimplifying causes or solutions of social disparities. Individuals engaged in youth work, program design, funding, and the study of youth and community development will appreciate the text's exploration of existing research and theory that cross scholarly disciplines to promote a robust view of youth development.
Soziologie und “Gegenwartskrise”: Die Zeitdiagnosen Franz Oppenheimers und Alfred Webers. Ein Beitrag zur historischen Soziologie der Weimarer Republik (DUV Sozialwissenschaft)
by Volker Kruse
Regionale Innovationsnetzwerke in Frankreich: F&E-Kooperationen innerhalb der pôles de compétitivité
by Katharina KrüthDie Autorin zeigt an Fallstudien aus drei französischen Regionen, wie verschiedene Unternehmen und Forschungseinrichtungen im Rahmen von politisch geförderten Innovationsnetzwerken miteinander kooperieren, welche Lernprozesse dabei in Gang kommen und welche Bedeutung räumliche Nähe für das Zustandekommen und den Verlauf der F&E-Kooperationen hat. Durch eine umfassende, systemische Betrachtungsweise trägt die Untersuchung zu einem tiefergehenden Verständnis von Innovationsprozessen bei und gibt zugleich Aufschluss über das französische Innovationssystem.
In a Lonely Street: Film Noir, Genre, Masculinity
by Frank KrutnikTaking issue with many orthodox views of Film Noir, Frank Krutnik argues for a reorientation of this compulsively engaging area of Hollywood cultural production. Krutnik recasts the films within a generic framework and draws on recent historical and theoretical research to examine both the diversity of film noir and its significance within American popular culture of the 1940s. He considers classical Hollywood cinema, debates on genre, and the history of the emergence of character in film noir, focusing on the hard-boiled' crime fiction of Dashiell Hammett, Raymond Chandler and James M. Cain as well as the popularisationof Freudian psychoanalysis; and the social and cultural upheavals of the 1940s. The core of this book however concerns the complex representationof masculinity in the noir tough' thriller, and where and how gender interlocks with questions of genre. Analysing in detail major thrillers like The Maltese Falcon, Double Indemnity, Out of the Past and The Killers , alongside lesser known but nonetheless crucial films as Stranger on the Third Floor, Pitfall and Dead Reckoning Krutnik has produced a provocative and highly readable study of one of Hollywood most perennially fascinating groups of films.
In a Lonely Street: Film Noir, Genre, Masculinity
by Frank KrutnikTaking issue with many orthodox views of Film Noir, Frank Krutnik argues for a reorientation of this compulsively engaging area of Hollywood cultural production. Krutnik recasts the films within a generic framework and draws on recent historical and theoretical research to examine both the diversity of film noir and its significance within American popular culture of the 1940s. He considers classical Hollywood cinema, debates on genre, and the history of the emergence of character in film noir, focusing on the hard-boiled' crime fiction of Dashiell Hammett, Raymond Chandler and James M. Cain as well as the popularisationof Freudian psychoanalysis; and the social and cultural upheavals of the 1940s. The core of this book however concerns the complex representationof masculinity in the noir tough' thriller, and where and how gender interlocks with questions of genre. Analysing in detail major thrillers like The Maltese Falcon, Double Indemnity, Out of the Past and The Killers , alongside lesser known but nonetheless crucial films as Stranger on the Third Floor, Pitfall and Dead Reckoning Krutnik has produced a provocative and highly readable study of one of Hollywood most perennially fascinating groups of films.
Popular Film and Television Comedy
by Frank Krutnik Steve NealeSteve Neale and Frank Krutnik take as their starting point the remarkable diversity of comedy's forms and modes - feature-length narratives, sketches and shorts, sit-com and variety, slapstick and romance. Relating this diversity to the variety of comedy's basic conventions - from happy endings to the presence of gags and the involvement of humour and laughter - they seek both to explain the nature of these forms and conventions and to relate them to their institutional contexts. They propose that all forms and modes of the comic involve deviations from aesthetic and cultural conventions and norms, and, to demonstrate this, they discuss a wide range of programmes and films, from Blackadder to Bringing up Baby, from City Limits to Blind Date, from the Roadrunner cartoons to Bless this House and The Two Ronnies. Comedies looked at in particular detail include: the classic slapstick films of Keaton, Lloyd, and Chaplin; Hollywood's 'screwball' comedies of the 1930s and 1940s; Monty Python, Hancock, and Steptoe and Son. The authors also relate their discussion to radio comedy.
Popular Film and Television Comedy
by Frank Krutnik Steve NealeSteve Neale and Frank Krutnik take as their starting point the remarkable diversity of comedy's forms and modes - feature-length narratives, sketches and shorts, sit-com and variety, slapstick and romance. Relating this diversity to the variety of comedy's basic conventions - from happy endings to the presence of gags and the involvement of humour and laughter - they seek both to explain the nature of these forms and conventions and to relate them to their institutional contexts. They propose that all forms and modes of the comic involve deviations from aesthetic and cultural conventions and norms, and, to demonstrate this, they discuss a wide range of programmes and films, from Blackadder to Bringing up Baby, from City Limits to Blind Date, from the Roadrunner cartoons to Bless this House and The Two Ronnies. Comedies looked at in particular detail include: the classic slapstick films of Keaton, Lloyd, and Chaplin; Hollywood's 'screwball' comedies of the 1930s and 1940s; Monty Python, Hancock, and Steptoe and Son. The authors also relate their discussion to radio comedy.
Lives of Incarcerated Women: An international perspective (Routledge Frontiers of Criminal Justice)
by Candace Kruttschnitt Catrien BijleveldDrawing on qualitative and quantitative research from around the world, this book brings together renowned international scholars to explore life-course perspectives on women’s imprisonment. Instead of covering only one aspect of women’s carceral experiences, this book offers a broader perspective that encompasses women’s pathways to prison, their prison experiences and the effects of these experiences on their children’s well-being, as well as their subsequent chances of desisting from crime.Encompassing perspectives from the Netherlands, Belgium, Denmark, Scotland, the United States, Ukraine and Sri Lanka, this book uncovers the similarities across time and space in women offenders’ life histories and those of their children and examines the differences in women’s experiences and trajectories by shedding light on the moderating effects of particular cultural contexts. Lives of Incarcerated Women will be of interest to academics and students engaged in the study of punishment, penology, life-course criminology, women and crime and gender studies. It will also be of great interest to practitioners.
Lives of Incarcerated Women: An international perspective (Routledge Frontiers of Criminal Justice)
by Candace Kruttschnitt Catrien C. J. H. BijleveldDrawing on qualitative and quantitative research from around the world, this book brings together renowned international scholars to explore life-course perspectives on women’s imprisonment. Instead of covering only one aspect of women’s carceral experiences, this book offers a broader perspective that encompasses women’s pathways to prison, their prison experiences and the effects of these experiences on their children’s well-being, as well as their subsequent chances of desisting from crime.Encompassing perspectives from the Netherlands, Belgium, Denmark, Scotland, the United States, Ukraine and Sri Lanka, this book uncovers the similarities across time and space in women offenders’ life histories and those of their children and examines the differences in women’s experiences and trajectories by shedding light on the moderating effects of particular cultural contexts. Lives of Incarcerated Women will be of interest to academics and students engaged in the study of punishment, penology, life-course criminology, women and crime and gender studies. It will also be of great interest to practitioners.
Dying to Be Normal: Gay Martyrs and the Transformation of American Sexual Politics
by Brett KrutzschFinalist, Best LGBTQ Nonfiction Book, Lambda Literary Awards 2020 On October 14, 1998, five thousand people gathered on the steps of the U.S. Capitol to mourn the death of Matthew Shepard, a gay college student who had been murdered in Wyoming eight days earlier. Politicians and celebrities addressed the crowd and the televised national audience to share their grief with the country. Never before had a gay citizen's murder elicited such widespread outrage or concern from straight Americans. In Dying to Be Normal, Brett Krutzsch argues that gay activists memorialized people like Shepard as part of a political strategy to present gays as similar to the country's dominant class of white, straight Christians. Through an examination of publicly mourned gay deaths, Krutzsch counters the common perception that LGBT politics and religion have been oppositional and reveals how gay activists used religion to bolster the argument that gays are essentially the same as straights, and therefore deserving of equal rights. Krutzsch's analysis turns to the memorialization of Shepard, Harvey Milk, Tyler Clementi, Brandon Teena, and F. C. Martinez, to campaigns like the It Gets Better Project, and national tragedies like the Pulse nightclub shooting to illustrate how activists used prominent deaths to win acceptance, influence political debates over LGBT rights, and encourage assimilation. Throughout, Krutzsch shows how, in the fight for greater social inclusion, activists relied on Christian values and rhetoric to portray gays as upstanding Americans. As Krutzsch demonstrates, gay activists regularly reinforced a white Protestant vision of acceptable American citizenship that often excluded people of color, gender-variant individuals, non-Christians, and those who did not adhere to Protestant Christianity's sexual standards. The first book to detail how martyrdom has influenced national debates over LGBT rights, Dying to Be Normal establishes how religion has shaped gay assimilation in the United States and the mainstreaming of particular gays as "normal" Americans.
Dying to Be Normal: Gay Martyrs and the Transformation of American Sexual Politics
by Brett KrutzschFinalist, Best LGBTQ Nonfiction Book, Lambda Literary Awards 2020 On October 14, 1998, five thousand people gathered on the steps of the U.S. Capitol to mourn the death of Matthew Shepard, a gay college student who had been murdered in Wyoming eight days earlier. Politicians and celebrities addressed the crowd and the televised national audience to share their grief with the country. Never before had a gay citizen's murder elicited such widespread outrage or concern from straight Americans. In Dying to Be Normal, Brett Krutzsch argues that gay activists memorialized people like Shepard as part of a political strategy to present gays as similar to the country's dominant class of white, straight Christians. Through an examination of publicly mourned gay deaths, Krutzsch counters the common perception that LGBT politics and religion have been oppositional and reveals how gay activists used religion to bolster the argument that gays are essentially the same as straights, and therefore deserving of equal rights. Krutzsch's analysis turns to the memorialization of Shepard, Harvey Milk, Tyler Clementi, Brandon Teena, and F. C. Martinez, to campaigns like the It Gets Better Project, and national tragedies like the Pulse nightclub shooting to illustrate how activists used prominent deaths to win acceptance, influence political debates over LGBT rights, and encourage assimilation. Throughout, Krutzsch shows how, in the fight for greater social inclusion, activists relied on Christian values and rhetoric to portray gays as upstanding Americans. As Krutzsch demonstrates, gay activists regularly reinforced a white Protestant vision of acceptable American citizenship that often excluded people of color, gender-variant individuals, non-Christians, and those who did not adhere to Protestant Christianity's sexual standards. The first book to detail how martyrdom has influenced national debates over LGBT rights, Dying to Be Normal establishes how religion has shaped gay assimilation in the United States and the mainstreaming of particular gays as "normal" Americans.
Corruption and the Russian Economy: How Administrative Corruption Undermines Entrepreneurship and Economic Opportunities (Routledge Transnational Crime and Corruption)
by Yulia KrylovaCorruption and the Russian Economy examines why the number of entrepreneurs is declining so rapidly in contemporary Russia, how many economic opportunities are being irrevocably lost each year because of administrative corruption, and why entrepreneurship has become one of the most dangerous occupations in the country over the last decade. Based on extensive research, including in-depth interviews with entrepreneurs and case studies, it reveals a corrupt system of government agencies at both the regional and local levels, and the increasing involvement of public officials in unlawful seizures of businesses. One major conclusion is that the vast majority of informal payments by entrepreneurs to regulatory agencies are made not to achieve illegal advantages, but rather to secure the property rights that they are entitled to under the law.
Corruption and the Russian Economy: How Administrative Corruption Undermines Entrepreneurship and Economic Opportunities (Routledge Transnational Crime and Corruption)
by Yulia KrylovaCorruption and the Russian Economy examines why the number of entrepreneurs is declining so rapidly in contemporary Russia, how many economic opportunities are being irrevocably lost each year because of administrative corruption, and why entrepreneurship has become one of the most dangerous occupations in the country over the last decade. Based on extensive research, including in-depth interviews with entrepreneurs and case studies, it reveals a corrupt system of government agencies at both the regional and local levels, and the increasing involvement of public officials in unlawful seizures of businesses. One major conclusion is that the vast majority of informal payments by entrepreneurs to regulatory agencies are made not to achieve illegal advantages, but rather to secure the property rights that they are entitled to under the law.