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Knowledge Flows in a Global Age: A Transnational Approach
A transnational approach to understanding and analyzing knowledge circulation. The contributors to this collection focus on what happens to knowledge and know-how at national borders. Rather than treating it as flowing like currents across them, or diffusing out from center to periphery, they stress the human intervention that shapes how knowledge is processed, mobilized, and repurposed in transnational transactions to serve diverse interests, constraints, and environments. The chapters consider both what knowledge travels and how it travels across borders of varying permeability that impede or facilitate its movement. They look closely at a variety of platforms and objects of knowledge, from tangible commodities—like hybrid wheat seeds, penicillin, Robusta coffee, naval weaponry, seed banks, satellites and high-performance computers—to the more conceptual apparatuses of plant phenotype data and statistics. Moreover, this volume decenters the Global North, tracking how knowledge moves along multiple paths across the borders of Mexico, India, Portugal, Guinea-Bissau, the Soviet Union, China, Angola, Palestine and the West Bank, as well as the United States and the United Kingdom. An important new work of transnational history, this collection recasts the way we understand and analyze knowledge circulation.
Knowledge-Free and Learning-Based Methods in Intelligent Game Playing (Studies in Computational Intelligence #276)
by Jacek MandziukHumans and machines are very di?erent in their approaches to game pl- ing. Humans use intuition, perception mechanisms, selective search, creat- ity, abstraction, heuristic abilities and other cognitive skills to compensate their (comparably) slow information processing speed, relatively low m- ory capacity, and limited search abilities. Machines, on the other hand, are extremely fast and infallible in calculations, capable of e?ective brute-for- type search, use “unlimited” memory resources, but at the same time are poor at using reasoning-based approaches and abstraction-based methods. The above major discrepancies in the human and machine problem solving methods underlined the development of traditional machine game playing as being focused mainly on engineering advances rather than cognitive or psychological developments. In other words, as described by Winkler and F¨ urnkranz [347, 348] with respect to chess, human and machine axes of game playing development are perpendicular, but the most interesting, most promising, and probably also most di?cult research area lies on the junction between human-compatible knowledge and machine compatible processing.I undoubtedly share this point of view and strongly believe that the future of machine game playing lies in implementation of human-type abilities (- straction,intuition,creativity,selectiveattention,andother)whilestilltaking advantage of intrinsic machine skills. Thebookisfocusedonthedevelopmentsandprospectivechallengingpr- lems in the area of mind gameplaying (i.e. playinggames that require mental skills) using Computational Intelligence (CI) methods, mainly neural n- works, genetic/evolutionary programming and reinforcement learning.
Knowledge Games: How Playing Games Can Solve Problems, Create Insight, and Make Change (Tech.edu: A Hopkins Series on Education and Technology)
by Karen SchrierImagine if new knowledge and insights came not just from research centers, think tanks, and universities but also from games, of all things. Video games have been viewed as causing social problems, but what if they actually helped solve them? This question drives Karen Schrier;€™s Knowledge Games, which seeks to uncover the potentials and pitfalls of using games to make discoveries, solve real-world problems, and better understand our world. For example, so-called knowledge games;¢;‚¬;€?such as Foldit, a protein-folding puzzle game, SchoolLife, which crowdsources bullying interventions, and Reverse the Odds, in which mobile game players analyze breast cancer data;¢;‚¬;€?are already being used by researchers to gain scientific, psychological, and humanistic insights.Schrier argues that knowledge games are potentially powerful because of their ability to motivate a crowd of problem solvers within a dynamic system while also tapping into the innovative data processing and computational abilities of games. In the near future, Schrier asserts, knowledge games may be created to understand and predict voting behavior, climate concerns, historical perspectives, online harassment, susceptibility to depression, or optimal advertising strategies, among other things.In addition to investigating the intersection of games, problem solving, and crowdsourcing, Schrier examines what happens when knowledge emerges from games and game players rather than scientists, professionals, and researchers. This accessible book also critiques the limits and implications of games and considers how they may redefine what it means to produce knowledge, to play, to educate, and to be a citizen.
Knowledge Games: How Playing Games Can Solve Problems, Create Insight, and Make Change (Tech.edu: A Hopkins Series on Education and Technology)
by Karen SchrierImagine if new knowledge and insights came not just from research centers, think tanks, and universities but also from games, of all things. Video games have been viewed as causing social problems, but what if they actually helped solve them? This question drives Karen Schrier;€™s Knowledge Games, which seeks to uncover the potentials and pitfalls of using games to make discoveries, solve real-world problems, and better understand our world. For example, so-called knowledge games;¢;‚¬;€?such as Foldit, a protein-folding puzzle game, SchoolLife, which crowdsources bullying interventions, and Reverse the Odds, in which mobile game players analyze breast cancer data;¢;‚¬;€?are already being used by researchers to gain scientific, psychological, and humanistic insights.Schrier argues that knowledge games are potentially powerful because of their ability to motivate a crowd of problem solvers within a dynamic system while also tapping into the innovative data processing and computational abilities of games. In the near future, Schrier asserts, knowledge games may be created to understand and predict voting behavior, climate concerns, historical perspectives, online harassment, susceptibility to depression, or optimal advertising strategies, among other things.In addition to investigating the intersection of games, problem solving, and crowdsourcing, Schrier examines what happens when knowledge emerges from games and game players rather than scientists, professionals, and researchers. This accessible book also critiques the limits and implications of games and considers how they may redefine what it means to produce knowledge, to play, to educate, and to be a citizen.
Knowledge In The Age Of Digital Capitalism: An Introduction To Cognitive Materialism (Critical Digital and Social Media Studies #2)
by Mariano ZukerfeldKnowledge in the Age of Digital Capitalism proposes a new critical theory concerning the functioning of capitalism and how we consider knowledge and information. This ambitious book systematically and lucidly introduces contemporary phenomena into the framework of cognitive materialism to address some of the great themes of the social sciences: knowledge, exploitation and social class in an account of capitalism’s totality in the present day. Author Mariano Zukerfeld reinvigorates materialist study of communications, presenting a typology of knowledge to explain the underlying material forms of information, intellectual property and cognitive work in contemporary societies. Using current examples the book also examines concerns such as free labour and the pivotal role of intellectual property.
Knowledge in the Age of Digital Capitalism: An Introduction to Cognitive Materialism (Critical Digital and Social Media Studies #2)
by Mariano ZukerfeldKnowledge in the Age of Digital Capitalism proposes a new critical theory concerning the functioning of capitalism and how we consider knowledge and information. This ambitious book systematically and lucidly introduces contemporary phenomena into the framework of cognitive materialism to address some of the great themes of the social sciences: knowledge, exploitation and social class in an account of capitalism’s totality in the present day. Author Mariano Zukerfeld reinvigorates materialist study of communications, presenting a typology of knowledge to explain the underlying material forms of information, intellectual property and cognitive work in contemporary societies. Using current examples the book also examines concerns such as free labour and the pivotal role of intellectual property. The book offers nothing less than an introduction to the theory of cognitive materialism and an account of the entirety of the digital (or knowledge) capitalism of our time. 'A sustained and well-informed critical philosophical study of knowledge in society and capitalism.' Professor Christian Fuchs, CDSMS series editor and author of Critical Theory of Communication and Social Media: A Critical Introduction. 'A bold, comprehensive theoretical book, offering a new understanding of knowledge and its role in capitalism, historically, and today.' Dr Eran Fisher, author of Media and New Capitalism in the Digital Age: The Spirit of Networks.
Knowledge in the Information Society: Joint Conferences XII Communicative Strategies of the Information Society and XX Professional Culture of the Specialist of the Future (Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems #184)
by Daria Bylieva Alfred Nordmann Olga Shipunova Violetta VolkovaThis book provides a snapshot of state-of-the-art interdisciplinary discussions in Russia about technology in the information society. New technologies are subject to original theoretical analysis, but there are also reflections on the practical experience of their application. The book covers a range of topics which includes human–technology interaction, education in digital reality, distance education due to COVID-19 quarantine measures, cognitive technologies, system analytics of information and communication technologies. The book collects contributions from philosophy, didactics, computer sciences, sociology, psychology, media studies, and law. It contains a selection of papers accepted for presentation at the XX International Conference «Professional Culture of the Specialist of the Future» (26–27 November 2020, St. Petersburg) and the XII International Conference «CommunicativeStrategies of the Information Society» (23–24 October 2020, St. Petersburg).
Knowledge Incorporation in Evolutionary Computation (Studies in Fuzziness and Soft Computing #167)
by Yaochu JinIncorporation of a priori knowledge, such as expert knowledge, meta-heuristics and human preferences, as well as domain knowledge acquired during evolu tionary search, into evolutionary algorithms has received increasing interest in the recent years. It has been shown from various motivations that knowl edge incorporation into evolutionary search is able to significantly improve search efficiency. However, results on knowledge incorporation in evolution ary computation have been scattered in a wide range of research areas and a systematic handling of this important topic in evolutionary computation still lacks. This edited book is a first attempt to put together the state-of-art and re cent advances on knowledge incorporation in evolutionary computation within a unified framework. Existing methods for knowledge incorporation are di vided into the following five categories according to the functionality of the incorporated knowledge in the evolutionary algorithms. 1. Knowledge incorporation in representation, population initialization, - combination and mutation. 2. Knowledge incorporation in selection and reproduction. 3. Knowledge incorporation in fitness evaluations. 4. Knowledge incorporation through life-time learning and human-computer interactions. 5. Incorporation of human preferences in multi-objective evolutionary com putation. The intended readers of this book are graduate students, researchers and practitioners in all fields of science and engineering who are interested in evolutionary computation. The book is divided into six parts. Part I contains one introductory chapter titled "A selected introduction to evolutionary computation" by Yao, which presents a concise but insightful introduction to evolutionary computation.
Knowledge Intensive CAD: Volume 2 Proceedings of the IFIP TC5 WG5.2 International Conference on Knowledge Intensive CAD, 16–18 September 1996, Pittsburgh, PA, USA (IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology)
by Martti Mäntylä Susan Finger Tetsuo TomiyamaComputer Aided Design (CAD) technology plays a key role in today's advanced manufacturing environment. To reduce the time to market, achieve zero defect quality the first time, and use available production and logistics resources effectively, product and design process knowledge covering the whole product life-cycle must be used throughout product design. Once generated, this intensive design knowledge should be made available to later life-cycle activities. Due to the increasing concern about global environmental issues and rapidly changing economical situation worldwide, design must exhibit high performance not only in quality and productivity, but also in life-cycle issues, including extended producer's liability. These goals require designers and engineers to use various kinds of design knowledge intensively during product design and to generate design information for use in later stages of the product life-cycle such as production, distribution, operation, maintenance, reclamation, and recycling. Therefore, future CAD systems must incorporate product and design process knowledge, which are not explicitly dealt with in the current systems, in their design tools and design object models.
Knowledge Intensive CAD: Volume 1 (IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology)
by Martti Mäntylä Susan Finger Tetsuo TomiyamaKnowledge-Intensive CAD clarifies and elaborates the concepts of knowledge-intensive design and CAD. In today's advanced manufacturing environment, CAD systems should not only assist designers and engineers during product design, but also in design information for use in later stages of the process such as production, distribution and operation. This book focuses on the sharing of knowledge across life-cycle stages and organizational boundaries.
Knowledge Intensive Computer Aided Design: IFIP TC5 WG5.2 Third Workshop on Knowledge Intensive CAD December 1–4, 1998, Tokyo, Japan (IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology #33)
by Susan Finger Tetsuo Tomiyama Martti MäntyläThis state-of-the-art book explores the concept of knowledge-intensive CAD systems. The topics covered range from ontology to knowledge representation, making it essential reading for researchers, engineers, and technical managers involved in the development of advanced applications for knowledge management, engineering design, and manufacturing.
Knowledge Intensive Design Technology: IFIP TC5 / WG5.2 Fifth Workshop on Knowledge Intensive CAD July 23–25, 2002, St. Julians, Malta (IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology #136)
by Kenneth P. Camilleri Philip J. Farrugia Jonathan C. BorgKnowledge Intensive Design Technology is a collection of papers presented at the Fifth Workshop on Knowledge Intensive CAD, which was sponsored by the International Federation for Information Processing (IFIP) Working Group 5.2 and hosted by the Department of Manufacturing Engineering at the University of Malta in July 2002. The book chapters progressively take the reader through the following sequential sections; -Part One - KIC Development Approaches, -Part Two - Knowledge Systematization, -Part Three - Prototype KIC Systems.Knowledge Intensive Design Technology makes essential reading for practicing engineers/scientists involved in R&D as well as for relevant Masters and Ph.D. students. The book is also pertinent to those in industry concerned with capturing and structuring company-specific knowledge for proactive reuse to increase product development efficiency, and also to those involved in the development of CAD systems.
The Knowledge Landscapes of Cyberspace
by David HakkenHow is knowledge produced and used in cyberspace? David Hakken - a key figure in the anthropology of science and technology studies - approaches the study of cyberculture through the venue of knowledge production, drawing on critical theory from anthropology, philosophy and informatics (computer science) to examine how the character and social functions of knowledge change profoundly in computer-saturated environments. He looks at what informational technologies offer, how they are being employed, and how they are tied to various agendas and forms of power. Knowledge Landscapes will be essential for both social scientists and cultural studies scholars doing research on cyberculture.
The Knowledge Landscapes of Cyberspace
by David HakkenHow is knowledge produced and used in cyberspace? David Hakken - a key figure in the anthropology of science and technology studies - approaches the study of cyberculture through the venue of knowledge production, drawing on critical theory from anthropology, philosophy and informatics (computer science) to examine how the character and social functions of knowledge change profoundly in computer-saturated environments. He looks at what informational technologies offer, how they are being employed, and how they are tied to various agendas and forms of power. Knowledge Landscapes will be essential for both social scientists and cultural studies scholars doing research on cyberculture.
The Knowledge Machine: How an Unreasonable Idea Created Modern Science
by Michael StrevensA groundbreaking and timely analysis of how science works and how we can preserve its power to grow our knowledgeOver the last three centuries, huge leaps in our scientific understanding and, as a result, in our technology have completely transformed our way of life and our vision of the universe. Why is science so powerful? And why did we take so long to invent it - two thousand years after the invention of philosophy, mathematics and other disciplines that are the mark of civilization?The Knowledge Machine gives a radical answer, exploring how science calls on its practitioners to do something not supremely rational but rather apparently irrational: strip away all previous knowledge - such as theological or metaphysical beliefs - in order to channel unprecedented energy into observation and experiment. Rich with tales of discovery and misadventure, like Yuval Noah Harari's Sapiens, Strevens's stimulating and highly original investigation reframes what we thought we knew about the origins of the modern world.'Powerful, bracingly argued and important. There is something here for everyone -- for the expert, who will be challenged to rethink what science really is; for the layperson, who will rejoice in Strevens's deft and witty storytelling; and for the student, who will find a friendly and authoritative guide to Newton, Einstein, Popper, Kuhn, and all that' Jim Holt, author of Why Does the World Exist?
Knowledge Management and Engineering with Decisional DNA (Intelligent Systems Reference Library #183)
by Edward Szczerbicki Cesar SaninThis is the first book on experience-based knowledge representation and knowledge management using the unique Decisional DNA (DDNA) technology. The DDNA concept is roughly a decade old, and is rapidly attracting increasing attention and interest among researchers and practitioners. This comprehensive book provides guidelines to help readers develop experience-based tools and approaches for smart engineering of knowledge, data and information. It does not attempt to offer ultimate answers, but instead presents ideas and a number of real-world case studies to explore and exemplify the complexities and challenges of modern knowledge engineering issues. It also increases readers’ awareness of the multifaceted interdisciplinary character of such issues to enable them to consider – in different ways – developing, evaluating, and supporting smart knowledge engineering systems that use DDNA technology based on experience.
Knowledge Management and Industry 4.0: New Paradigms for Value Creation (Knowledge Management and Organizational Learning #9)
by Eleonora Di Maria Marco Bettiol Stefano MicelliThe book discusses the opportunities and challenges of managing knowledge in the new reality of Industry 4.0. Addressing paradigmatic changes in value creation due to the development of digital technologies applied to manufacturing (additive manufacturing, IoT, robotics, etc.), it includes theoretical and empirical contributions on how Industry 4.0 technologies allow firms to create and exploit knowledge. The carefully selected expert contributions highlight the potential of these technologies in acquiring knowledge from a larger number of sources and examine approaches to innovation, organization of activities, and stakeholder development in the context of this next industrial revolution.
Knowledge Management and Innovation: Interaction, Collaboration, Openness
by Pierre Barbaroux Amel Attour Erik SchenkThis book explores the relationships between knowledge management (KM) processes and innovation management. The geographical extension of markets and intensification of competition have led firms to experiment with novel approaches to innovation. New organizational forms emerged in which firms collaborate with various stakeholders to create, absorb, integrate and protect knowledge. This book explores how knowledge management processes evolve with firms' implementation of interactive, collaborative and open innovation models and it identifies the various knowledge types and processes involved throughout the different phases of the innovation process. The authors provide operational typologies for understanding innovative firms' capabilities and knowledge management practices and also discuss the main properties of four models of interactive innovation, namely open innovation, user-centric innovation, community-based innovation and crowdsourcing.
Knowledge Management and Innovation: Interaction, Collaboration, Openness
by Pierre Barbaroux Amel Attour Erik SchenkThis book explores the relationships between knowledge management (KM) processes and innovation management. The geographical extension of markets and intensification of competition have led firms to experiment with novel approaches to innovation. New organizational forms emerged in which firms collaborate with various stakeholders to create, absorb, integrate and protect knowledge. This book explores how knowledge management processes evolve with firms' implementation of interactive, collaborative and open innovation models and it identifies the various knowledge types and processes involved throughout the different phases of the innovation process. The authors provide operational typologies for understanding innovative firms' capabilities and knowledge management practices and also discuss the main properties of four models of interactive innovation, namely open innovation, user-centric innovation, community-based innovation and crowdsourcing.
Knowledge Management and Learning Organizations
by Carolina Machado J. Paulo DavimThis book focuses on knowledge management and learning organizations, showing how they realise entrepreneurship and innovation. Understanding knowledge management as the process of creating, sharing and managing an organization’s information and knowledge, and focusing learning organizations in their collaborations to promote continuous learning are two issues that are critical to the organizational success. As such, this book offers insights into the topic and the appropriate use of the tools and strategies that drive competitive organizations operating on an international or transnational scale.
Knowledge Management for Educational Innovation: IFIP WG 3.7 7th Conference on Information Technology in Educational Management (ITEM), Hamamatsu, Japan, July 23-26, 2006 (IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology #230)
by Toshio Okamoto Adrie Visscher Arthur TatnallThis book contains selected papers presented at the seventh Conference on Working Group 3.7 of the International Federation for Information Processing. The focus of Working Group 3.7 is on ITEM: Information Technology in Educational Management. The overall goal of the conference was to demonstrate and explore directions for developing and improving all types of educational institutions through ITEM.
Knowledge Management in Construction
by Chimay J. Anumba Charles Egbu Patricia CarrilloA key problem facing the construction industry is that all work is done by transient project teams, and in the past there has been no structured approach to learning from projects once they are completed. Now, though, the industry is adapting concepts of knowledge management to improve the situation. This book brings together 13 contributors from research and industry to show how managing construction knowledge can bring real benefits to organisations and projects. It covers a wide range of issues, from basic definitions and fundamental concepts, to the role of information technology, and engendering a knowledge sharing culture. Practical examples from construction and other industry sectors are used throughout to illustrate the various dimensions of knowledge management. The challenges of implementing knowledge management are outlined and the ensuing benefits highlighted.
Knowledge Management in Electronic Government: 4th IFIP International Working Conference, KMGov 2003, Rhodes, Greece, May 26-28, 2003, Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #2645)
by Maria A. WimmerThe importance of Knowledge Management (KM) is increasingly recognized in business and public sector domains. The latter is particularly suitable for KM implementations since it deals with information and knowledge resources at a large scale: much of the work of public authorities deals with the elaboration of data, information and knowledge on citizens, businesses, society, markets, the environment, law, politics, etc. Even most products of public administration and government work are delivered in the shape of information and knowledge themselves. This especially applies to policies, management, and the regulation and monitoring of society, markets and the environment. Governments expect advanced support from KM concepts and tools to exploit these huge knowledge and information resources in an efficient way. Not only does the trend towards a knowledge society call for KM solutions, but current e government developments also significantly influence the public sector. Ample access to remote information and knowledge resources is needed in order to facilitate: Citizen and businesses oriented service delivery, including one stop service provision; interorganizational co operation between governmental agencies; cross border support for complex administrative decision making; e government integration of dislocated information and knowledge sources into a fabric of global virtual knowledge.
Knowledge Management in Organizations: 13th International Conference, KMO 2018, Žilina, Slovakia, August 6–10, 2018, Proceedings (Communications in Computer and Information Science #877)
by Lorna Uden Branislav Hadzima I-Hsien TingThis book contains the refereed proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Knowledge Management in Organizations, KMO 2018, held in Žilina, Slovakia, in August 2018. The theme of the conference was "Emerging Research for Knowledge Management in Organizations."The 59 papers accepted for KMO 2018 were selected from 141 submissions and are organized in topical sections on: Knowledge management models and analysis; knowledge sharing; knowledge transfer and learning; knowledge and service innovation; knowledge creation; knowledge and organization; information systems and information science; knowledge and technology management; data mining and intelligent science; business and customer relationship management; big data and IoT; and new trends in IT.
Knowledge Management, Information Systems, E-Learning, and Sustainability Research: Third World Summit on the Knowledge Society, WSKS 2010, Corfu, Greece, September 22-24, 2010, Proceedings, Part I (Communications in Computer and Information Science #111)
by Patricia Ordonez De Pablos Adrian Ziderman Alan Roulstone Hermann Maurer Jonathan B. Imber Miltiadis D. LytrasIt is a great pleasure to share with you the Springer CCIS 111 proceedings of the Third World Summit on the Knowledge Society––WSKS 2010––that was organized by the International Scientific Council for the Knowledge Society, and supported by the Open Research Society, NGO, (http://www.open-knowledge-society.org) and the Int- national Journal of the Knowledge Society Research, (http://www.igi-global.com/ijksr), and took place in Aquis Corfu Holiday Palace Hotel, on Corfu island, Greece, September 22–24, 2010. The Third World Summit on the Knowledge Society (WSKS 2010) was an inter- tional scientific event devoted to promoting the dialogue on the main aspects of the knowledge society towards a better world for all. The multidimensional economic and social crisis of the last couple years brings to the fore the need to discuss in depth new policies and strategies for a human-centric developmental process in the global c- text. This annual summit brings together key stakeholders of knowledge society dev- opment worldwide, from academia, industry, government, policy makers, and active citizens to look at the impact and prospects of it information technology, and the knowledge-based era it is creating, on key facets of living, working, learning, innovating, and collaborating in today’s hyper-complex world.