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Testing Times: The Uses and Abuses of Assessment
by Gordon StobartAssessment dominates our lives but its good intentions often produce negative consequences. An example that is central to this book is how current forms of assessment encourage shallow ‘for-the-test’ learning. It is true to say that as the volume of assessment increases, confidence in what it represents is diminishing. This book seeks to reclaim assessment as a constructive activity which can encourage deeper learning. To do this the purpose, and fitness-for–purpose, of assessments have to be clear. Gordon Stobart critically examines five issues that currently have high-profile status: intelligence testing learning skills accountability the ‘diploma disease’ formative assessment Stobart explains that these form the basis for the argument that we must generate assessments which, in turn, encourage deep and lifelong learning. This book raises controversial questions about current uses of assessment and provides a framework for understanding them. It will be of great interest to teaching professionals involved in further study, and to academics and researchers in the field.
Tests and Proofs: 10th International Conference, TAP 2016, Held as Part of STAF 2016, Vienna, Austria, July 5-7, 2016, Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #9762)
by Bernhard K. Aichernig Carlo A. FuriaThis book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Tests and Proofs, TAP 2016, held as part of STAF 2016, in Vienna, Austria, in July 2016.The 8 full papers, 2 short papers, and 1 tool demonstration paper presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 19 submissions. The book also contains one invited talk in full-paper length. The TAP conference promotes research in verification and formal methods that targets the interplay of proofs and testing: the advancement of techniques of each kind and their combination, with the ultimate goal of improving software and system dependability.
Tests and Proofs: 13th International Conference, TAP 2019, Held as Part of the Third World Congress on Formal Methods 2019, Porto, Portugal, October 9–11, 2019, Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #11823)
by Dirk Beyer Chantal KellerThis book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Tests and Proofs, TAP 2019, held as part of the Third World Congress on Formal Methods 2019, Porto, Portugal, in October 2019. The 10 regular papers and 2 invited paper presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 19 submissions. The TAP conference promotes research in verification and formal methods that targets the interplay of proofs and testing: the advancement of techniques of each kind and their combination, with the ultimate goal of improving software and system dependability.
Tests and Proofs: 9th International Conference, TAP 2015, Held as Part of STAF 2015, L’Aquila, Italy, July 22-24, 2015. Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #9154)
by Jasmin Christian Blanchette Nikolai KosmatovThis book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Tests and Proofs, TAP 2015, held in L` Aquila, Italy, in July 2015, as part of the STAF 2015 Federated Conferences. The 11 revised full papers and 1 short papers presented together with 3 invited talks were carefully reviewed and selected from 21 submissions. The accepted papers contribute to various testing techniques (model-based, property-based, grammar-based, bounded-exhaustive), fault localization, model-driven engineering, as well as model coverage, consistency and validation, among others. Many papers rely on interactive and automatic theorem provers, including SMT solvers and model checkers.
Tests and Proofs: 6th International Conference, TAP 2012, Prague, Czech Republic, May 31 -- June 1, 2012. Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #7305)
by Achim Brucker Jacques JulliandThis book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Test and Proofs, TAP 2012, held in Prague, Czech Republic, in May/June 2012, as part of the TOOLS 2012 Federated Conferences. The 9 revised full papers presented together with 2 invited papers, 4 short papers and one tutorial were carefully reviewed and selected from 29 submissions. The papers are devoted to the convergence of tests and proofs for developing novel techniques and application that support engineers in building secure, safe, and reliable systems. Among the topics covered are model-based testing; scenario-based testing; complex data structure generation; and the validation of protocols and libraries.
Tests and Proofs: 12th International Conference, TAP 2018, Held as Part of STAF 2018, Toulouse, France, June 27-29, 2018, Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #10889)
by Catherine Dubois Burkhart WolffThis book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Tests and Proofs, TAP 2018, held as part of STAF 2018, in Toulouse, France, in June 2018. The 8 regular papers, 2 short papers, 1 invited paper and 1 invited tutorial presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 18 submissions. The TAP conference promotes research in verification and formal methods that targets the interplay of proofs and testing: the advancement of techniques of each kind and their combination, with the ultimate goal of improving software and system dependability.
Tests and Proofs: 4th International Conference, TAP 2010, Málaga, Spain, July 1-2, 2010, Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #6143)
by Gordon Fraser Angelo GargantiniThis volume contains the proceedings of TAP 2010, the 4th International C- ference on Tests and Proofs held during July 1–2 in M´ alaga, Spain as part of TOOLS Federated Conferences. TAP 2010wasthe fourth event of an ongoingseriesof conferencesdevoted to the convergence of proofs and tests. In the past, proving and testing were seen as very di?erent and even competing techniques. Proving people would say: If correctness is proved, what do we need tests for? Testers, on the other hand, would claim that proving is too limited in applicability and testing is the only truepathtocorrectness. Ofcourse,bothhaveapoint,buttoquoteEdBrinksma from his 2009 keynote at the Dutch Testing Day and Testcom/FATES: “Who would want to ?y in an airplane with software proved correct, but not tested?” Indeed, the true power lies in the combination of both approaches. Today, m- ern test systems rely on techniques deeply rooted in formal proof techniques, and testing techniques make it possible to apply proof techniques where there was no possibility previously. At a time when even mainstream software engineering conferences start f- turing papers with both “testing” and “proving”in their titles, we are clearly on the verge of a new age where testing and proving are not competing but ?nally accepted as complementary techniques. Albeit, we are not quite there yet, and so the TAP conferences aim to provide a forum for researchers working on the converging topics and to raise general awareness of this convergence.
Tests and Proofs: 5th International Conference, TAP 2011, Zürich, Switzerland, June 30 - July 1, 2011, Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #6706)
by Martin Gogolla Burkhart WolffThis book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Tests and Proofs, TAP 2011, held in Zurich, Switzerland in June/July 2011.The 12 revised full papers presented together with 2 invited papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 27 submissions. Among the topics covered are model checking, testing systems, test generation, symbolic testing, SAT solvers, SMT solvers, property-based testing, automated test generation, learning-based testing, UML, OCL, specification-based testing, and network testing.
Tests and Proofs: 16th International Conference, TAP 2022, Held as Part of STAF 2022, Nantes, France, July 5, 2022, Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #13361)
by Laura Kovács Karl MeinkeThis book constitutes the proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Tests and Proofs, TAP 2022, which was held as part of Software Technologies: Applications and Foundations, STAF 2022, and took place in Nantes, France in July 2022.The 6 full papers together with 1 invited extended abstract included in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 11 submissions. They were organized in topical sections on formal analysis, and proofs, and effective testing.
Tests and Proofs: 17th International Conference, TAP 2023, Leicester, UK, July 18–19, 2023, Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #14066)
by Virgile Prevosto Cristina SeceleanuThis book constitutes the proceedings of the 17th International Conference, TAP 2023, as part of STAF 2023, a federation of conferences on Software Technologies, Applications and Foundations, which includes two more conferences besides TAP: ICGT (International Conference on Graph Transformations), and ECMFA (European Conference on Modelling Foundations and Applications) in Leicester, UK, in July 2023. The 8 full papers together with 2 short papers included in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 14 submissions. They were organized in topical sections on Low-level Code Verification, Formal Models, Model-based test generation, and Abstraction and Refinement.
Tests and Proofs: 8th International Conference, TAP 2014, Held as Part of STAF 2014, York, UK, July 24-25, 2014, Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #8570)
by Martina Seidl Nikolai TillmannThis book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Tests and Proofs, TAP 2014, held in York, UK, in July 2014, as part of the STAF 2014 Federated Conferences. The 10 revised full papers and 4 short papers presented together with two tutorial descriptions were carefully reviewed and selected from 27 submissions. The papers cover topics in the following four research areas: test generation, bridging semantic gaps, integrated development processes and bounded verification.
Tests and Proofs: 7th International Conference, TAP 2013, Budapest, Hungary, June 16-20, 2013. Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #7942)
by Margus Veanes Luca ViganoThis book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Test and Proofs, TAP 2013, held in Budapest, Hungary, in June 2013, as part of the STAF 2013 Federated Conferences. The 12 revised full papers presented together with one tutorial were carefully reviewed and selected from 24 submissions. The papers are devoted to the synergy of proofs and tests, to the application of techniques from both sides and their combination for the advancement of software quality. The papers are related to the following topics: test generation; model-based testing and mutants; declarative debugging; and tool testing.
Tête-à-Tête: The Lives and Loves of Simone de Beauvoir & Jean-Paul Sartre
by Hazel RowleyThey are one of the world's legendary couples. Simone de Beauvoir and Jean-Paul Sartre - those passionate, free-thinking Existentialist philosopher-writers - had a committed but notoriously open union that generated no end of controversy. Through original interviews and access to new primary sources, Hazel Rowley portrays them up close: their romantic entanglements, their Parisian café society circle, their discussions of each other's work. Theirs is a great story - and a great story is precisely what they most wanted their lives to be.
Tetens’s Writings on Method, Language, and Anthropology (Bloomsbury Studies in Modern German Philosophy)
by Courtney D. Fugate, Curtis Sommerlatte, and Scott StaplefordContaining all of the key writings leading up to the publication of his Philosophical Essays in 1777, this volume presents complete works by Johann Nicolaus Tetens (1736-1807) in English for the very first time. These important essays focus on method in metaphysics and mathematics, the analysis of language, and various anthropological questions that occupied thinkers of the period. Key features of the volume include: · Accurate, readable translations · Detailed scholarly notes · A substantial introduction situating Tetens's works in historical context · A German-English glossaryThis collection marks a significant contribution to scholarship on Kant and 18th-century German philosophy.
Tetens’s Writings on Method, Language, and Anthropology (Bloomsbury Studies in Modern German Philosophy)
Containing all of the key writings leading up to the publication of his Philosophical Essays in 1777, this volume presents complete works by Johann Nicolaus Tetens (1736-1807) in English for the very first time. These important essays focus on method in metaphysics and mathematics, the analysis of language, and various anthropological questions that occupied thinkers of the period. Key features of the volume include: · Accurate, readable translations · Detailed scholarly notes · A substantial introduction situating Tetens's works in historical context · A German-English glossaryThis collection marks a significant contribution to scholarship on Kant and 18th-century German philosophy.
Tetralogue: I'm Right, You're Wrong
by Timothy WilliamsonFour people with radically different outlooks on the world meet on a train and start talking about what they believe. Their conversation varies from cool logical reasoning to heated personal confrontation. Each starts off convinced that he or she is right, but then doubts creep in. In a tradition going back to Plato, Timothy Williamson uses a fictional conversation to explore questions about truth and falsity, and knowledge and belief. Is truth always relative to a point of view? Is every opinion fallible? Such ideas have been used to combat dogmatism and intolerance, but are they compatible with taking each opposing point of view seriously? This book presupposes no prior acquaintance with philosophy, and introduces its concerns in an accessible and light-hearted way. Is one point of view really right and the other really wrong? That is for the reader to decide.
Tetralogue: I'm Right, You're Wrong
by Timothy WilliamsonFour people with radically different outlooks on the world meet on a train and start talking about what they believe. Their conversation varies from cool logical reasoning to heated personal confrontation. Each starts off convinced that he or she is right, but then doubts creep in. In a tradition going back to Plato, Timothy Williamson uses a fictional conversation to explore questions about truth and falsity, and knowledge and belief. Is truth always relative to a point of view? Is every opinion fallible? Such ideas have been used to combat dogmatism and intolerance, but are they compatible with taking each opposing point of view seriously? This book presupposes no prior acquaintance with philosophy, and introduces its concerns in an accessible and light-hearted way. Is one point of view really right and the other really wrong? That is for the reader to decide.
Tetsugaku Companion to Japanese Ethics and Technology (Tetsugaku Companions to Japanese Philosophy #1)
by Thomas Taro Lennerfors Kiyoshi MurataThis book explores the relevance of Japanese ethics for the field of ethics of technology. It covers the theories of Japanese ethicists such as Nishida Kitarō, Watsuji Tetsurō, Imamichi Tomonobu, Yuasa Yasuo, as well as more contemporary ethicists, and explores their relevance for the analysis of energy technologies, ICT, robots, and geoengineering. It features contributions from Japanese scholars, and international scholars who have applied Japanese ethics to problems in the global condition. Technological development is considered to cause new ethical issues, such as genetically modified organisms fostering monocultures, nanotechnologies causing issues of privacy, as well as health and environmental issues, robotics raising issues about the meaning of humanity, and the risks of nuclear power, as witnessed in the Fukushima disaster. At the same time, technology embodies a hope for mankind, such as ICT improving relationships between human beings and nature, and smart systems assisting humans in leading a more ethical and environmentally friendly life. This book explores these ethical issues and their impact from a Japanese perspective.
Tetsugaku Companion to Nishida Kitarō (Tetsugaku Companions to Japanese Philosophy #4)
by Hisao Matsumaru Yoko Arisaka Lucy Christine SchultzThis book offers the first comprehensive collection of essays on the key concepts of Kitaro Nishida (1870-1945), the father of modern Japanese philosophy and founder of the Kyoto School. The essays analyze several of the major philosophical concepts in Nishida, including pure experience, absolute will, place, and acting intuition. They examine the meaning and positioning of Nishida’s philosophy in the history of philosophy, as well as in the contemporary world, and discuss the relevance of his philosophy in the present context. The book next looks at the significance of Nishida’s philosophy in the wider contexts of science, arts, and religion. The book includes a glossary of key terms that have been translated in a unified manner throughout the volume.
Tetsugaku Companion to Ogyu Sorai (Tetsugaku Companions to Japanese Philosophy #2)
by W. J. Boot Daiki TakayamaThis book contains short analyses (kaidai) of Ogyū Sorai’s (1666-1728) most important works, as well as a biography and a number of essays. The essays explore various aspects of his teachings, of the origins of his thought, and of the reception of his ideas in Japan, China, and Korea before and after "modernization" struck in the second half of the nineteenth century. Ogyū Sorai has come to be considered the pivotal thinker in the intellectual history of Early Modern Japan. More research has been done on Sorai than on any other Confucian thinker of this period. This book disentangles the modern reception from the way in which Sorai's ideas were understood and evaluated in Japan and China in the century following his death. The joint conclusion of the research of a number of the foremost specialists in Japan, Taiwan, and the West is that Sorai was and remains an original, innovative, and important thinker, but that his position within East-Asian thought should be redefined in terms of the East-Asian tradition to which he belonged, and not in the paradigms of European History of Philosophy or Intellectual History. The book represents up-to-date scholarship and allows both the young scholar to acquaint himself with Sorai, and the intellectual historian to compare Sorai with other thinkers of other times and of other philosophical traditions.
Tetsugaku Companion to Phenomenology and Japanese Philosophy (Tetsugaku Companions to Japanese Philosophy #3)
by Shigeru Taguchi Andrea AltobrandoThis volume addresses the impact of the introduction of phenomenology in Japan and its interaction with Japanese philosophy. It is well known that phenomenology was introduced at a very early stage in Japan. Furthermore, phenomenology still constitutes one of the main currents of thought in Japan. However, the specific way in which phenomenology has interacted with the indigenous Japanese tradition of thought and Japanese culture has until now not been addressed in great detail. This volume fills that gap. It discusses in detail the encounter and the interaction between Japanese thought and phenomenological reflection, with special regards to the topics of awareness and the self, the experience of otherness, ethics, and metaphysical issues. The book shows how phenomenology has served, and still serves, Japan to re-comprehend its “own” tradition and its specific form(s) of culture. At the same time, it offers an example of how different cultures and traditions can be both preserved and developed in their reciprocal action. More in general, it advances the philosophical debate beyond cultural enclosures and beyond mere scholasticism. The phenomenological tradition has always been open to new and alien ideas. An encounter with Japanese philosophy can offer a new challenge to actual phenomenological thinking.
Tetsugaku Companion to Ueda Shizuteru: Language, Experience, and Zen (Tetsugaku Companions to Japanese Philosophy #5)
by Ralf Müller Raquel Bouso Adam LoughnaneThis book presents the first collection of essays on the philosophy of Ueda Shizuteru in a Western language. Ueda, the last living member of the Kyoto school, has fostered the East-West dialogue in all his works and has helped to open up the Western image of philosophy by engaging the Zen tradition. The book reflects this particular trait of Ueda’s philosophy, but it also covers all thematic fields of his writings. Contributions from both young and established scholars and experts from Japan, Europe and the U.S. make this a unique introduction to and reception of Ueda’s philosophy. Readers will discover discussions of mysticism in the East and West, and consideration of modern philosophy topics including self-awareness, nature and poetic language. The book also presents a focussed look at language and nothingness, considering silence and nihilism. Chapters allow the reader to understand the timeliness of a thinking that mediates and transcends the dichotomy of East and West. This volume will appeal not only to scholars of Nishida, Japanese philosophy, mysticism and religious experience in Japan, but also to scholars of Western philosophy, especially those interested in Meister Eckhart, Martin Heidegger and Martin Buber. It makes an ideal introduction to Zen philosophy and presents important contributions to scholarship on language and experience.
Text Analysis Pipelines: Towards Ad-hoc Large-Scale Text Mining (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #9383)
by Henning WachsmuthThis monograph proposes a comprehensive and fully automatic approach to designing text analysis pipelines for arbitrary information needs that are optimal in terms of run-time efficiency and that robustly mine relevant information from text of any kind. Based on state-of-the-art techniques from machine learning and other areas of artificial intelligence, novel pipeline construction and execution algorithms are developed and implemented in prototypical software. Formal analyses of the algorithms and extensive empirical experiments underline that the proposed approach represents an essential step towards the ad-hoc use of text mining in web search and big data analytics.Both web search and big data analytics aim to fulfill peoples’ needs for information in an adhoc manner. The information sought for is often hidden in large amounts of natural language text. Instead of simply returning links to potentially relevant texts, leading search and analytics engines have started to directly mine relevant information from the texts. To this end, they execute text analysis pipelines that may consist of several complex information-extraction and text-classification stages. Due to practical requirements of efficiency and robustness, however, the use of text mining has so far been limited to anticipated information needs that can be fulfilled with rather simple, manually constructed pipelines.
Text- and Speech-Triggered Information Access: 8th ELSNET Summer School, Chios Island, Greece, July 15-30, 2000, Revised Lectures (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #2705)
by Steve Renals Gregory GrefenstetteThis book presents revised versions of the lectures given at the 8th ELSNET European Summer School on Language and Speech Communication held on the Island of Chios, Greece, in summer 2000. Besides an introductory survey, the book presents lectures on data analysis for multimedia libraries, pronunciation modeling for large vocabulary speech recognition, statistical language modeling, very large scale information retrieval, reduction of information variation in text, and a concluding chapter on open questions in research for linguistics in information access. The book gives newcomers to language and speech communication a clear overview of the main technologies and problems in the area. Researchers and professionals active in the area will appreciate the book as a concise review of the technologies used in text- and speech-triggered information access.
Text Retrieval and Filtering: Analytic Models of Performance (The Information Retrieval Series #3)
by Robert M. LoseeText Retrieval and Filtering: Analytical Models of Performance is the first book that addresses the problem of analytically computing the performance of retrieval and filtering systems. The book describes means by which retrieval may be studied analytically, allowing one to describe current performance, predict future performance, and to understand why systems perform as they do. The focus is on retrieving and filtering natural language text, with material addressing retrieval performance for the simple case of queries with a single term, the more complex case with multiple terms, both with term independence and term dependence, and for the use of grammatical information to improve performance. Unambiguous statements of the conditions under which one method or system will be more effective than another are developed. Text Retrieval and Filtering: Analytical Models of Performance focuses on the performance of systems that retrieve natural language text, considering full sentences as well as phrases and individual words. The last chapter explicitly addresses how grammatical constructs and methods may be studied in the context of retrieval or filtering system performance. The book builds toward solving this problem, although the material in earlier chapters is as useful to those addressing non-linguistic, statistical concerns as it is to linguists. Those interested in grammatical information should be cautioned to carefully examine earlier chapters, especially Chapters 7 and 8, which discuss purely statistical relationships between terms, before moving on to Chapter 10, which explicitly addresses linguistic issues. Text Retrieval and Filtering: Analytical Models of Performance is suitable as a secondary text for a graduate level course on Information Retrieval or Linguistics, and as a reference for researchers and practitioners in industry.