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Theory and Practice of GNSS Reflectometry (Navigation: Science and Technology #9)
by Kegen YuThis is the first authored English book completely focused on global navigation satellite system reflectometry (GNSS-R). It consists of two main parts: the fundamental theory; and major applications, which include ocean altimetry, sea surface wind speed retrieval, snow depth measurement, soil moisture measurement, tsunami detection and sea ice detection. Striking a healthy balance between theory and practice, and featuring in-depth studies and extensive experimental results, the book introduces beginners to the fundamentals, while preparing experienced researchers to pursue advanced investigations and applications in GNSS-R.
Theory and Practice of Geophysical Data Inversion: Proceedings of the 8th International Mathematical Geophysics Seminar on Model Optimization in Exploration Geophysics 1990 (Theory and practice of applied geophysics #5)
by Andreas VogelThe contributions to this volume cover a wide spectrum of recent developments in geophysical data inversion, including basic mathematics and general theory, numerical methods, as well as computer implementation of algorithms. Most of the papers are motivated by problems arising from geophysical research and applications both on a global scale and with respect to local geophysical surveys, underlining the increasing importance of geophysical exploration methods in various fields, such as structural geology, prospecting for mineral and energy resources, hydro geology, geotechnology, environmental protection and archaeology. The first section of the book deals with basic mathematics and general theory underlying geophysical data inversion. Papers presented here are concerned with stabilization algorithms to solve ill-posed inverse problems, sensitivity of kernel function estimations to random data errors and reduction of errors in inverse modelling of response functions by linear constraints, numerical procedures for approximating the solution to boundary value problems, accuracy and stability of inverse ill-posed problems constituted by problems of moments, and fast Fourier transforms for solving potential field problems. The second section contains papers on gravity and magnetics, dealing with the solvability of the inverse gravimetric problem for sources represented by point masses and other elementary, solution of the inverse problem in cases of nonuniformly distributed data as obtained by palaeomagnetic studies, satellite observations, and surface projections of buried archaeological targets by inverse filtering of geomagnetic data.
Theory and Practice in Heritage and Sustainability: Between past and future (Routledge Studies in Culture and Sustainable Development)
by Elizabeth Auclair Graham FaircloughThis book explores cultural sustainability and its relationships to heritage from a wide interdisciplinary perspective. By examining the interactions between people and communities in the places where they live it exemplifies the diverse ways in which a people-centred heritage builds identities and supports individual and collective memories. It encourages a view of heritage as a process that contributes through cultural sustainability to human well-being and socially- and culturally-sensitive policy. With theoretically-informed case studies from leading researchers, the book addresses both concepts and practice, in a range of places and contexts including landscape, townscape, museums, industrial sites, every day heritage, ‘ordinary’ places and the local scene, and even UNESCO-designated sites. The contributors, most of whom, like the editors, were members of the COST Action ‘Investigating Cultural Sustainability’, demonstrate in a cohesive way how the cultural values that people attach to place are enmeshed with issues of memory, identity and aspiration and how they therefore stand at the centre of sustainability discourse and practice. The cases are drawn from many parts of Europe, but notably from the Baltic, and central and south-eastern Europe, regions with distinctive recent histories and cultural approaches and heritage discourses that offer less well-known but transferable insights. They all illustrate the contribution that dealing with the inheritance of the past can make to a full cultural engagement with sustainable development. The book provides an introductory framework to guide readers, and a concluding section that draws on the case studies to emphasise their transferability and specificity, and to outline the potential contribution of the examples to future research, practice and policy in cultural sustainability. This is a unique offering for postgraduate students, researchers and professionals interested in heritage management, governance and community participation and cultural sustainability.
Theory and Practice in Heritage and Sustainability: Between past and future (Routledge Studies in Culture and Sustainable Development)
by Elizabeth Auclair and Graham FaircloughThis book explores cultural sustainability and its relationships to heritage from a wide interdisciplinary perspective. By examining the interactions between people and communities in the places where they live it exemplifies the diverse ways in which a people-centred heritage builds identities and supports individual and collective memories. It encourages a view of heritage as a process that contributes through cultural sustainability to human well-being and socially- and culturally-sensitive policy. With theoretically-informed case studies from leading researchers, the book addresses both concepts and practice, in a range of places and contexts including landscape, townscape, museums, industrial sites, every day heritage, ‘ordinary’ places and the local scene, and even UNESCO-designated sites. The contributors, most of whom, like the editors, were members of the COST Action ‘Investigating Cultural Sustainability’, demonstrate in a cohesive way how the cultural values that people attach to place are enmeshed with issues of memory, identity and aspiration and how they therefore stand at the centre of sustainability discourse and practice. The cases are drawn from many parts of Europe, but notably from the Baltic, and central and south-eastern Europe, regions with distinctive recent histories and cultural approaches and heritage discourses that offer less well-known but transferable insights. They all illustrate the contribution that dealing with the inheritance of the past can make to a full cultural engagement with sustainable development. The book provides an introductory framework to guide readers, and a concluding section that draws on the case studies to emphasise their transferability and specificity, and to outline the potential contribution of the examples to future research, practice and policy in cultural sustainability. This is a unique offering for postgraduate students, researchers and professionals interested in heritage management, governance and community participation and cultural sustainability.
Theory and Practice in Earthquake Engineering and Technology (Springer Tracts in Civil Engineering)
by T. G. Sitharam Sreevalsa Kolathayar Ravi S. Jakka Vasant MatsagarThis book contains diverse topics relevant to earthquake engineering and technology. The chapters are of interest to readers from various disciplines, as the different chapters discuss popular topics on earthquake engineering and allied disciplines. The chapters have adequate illustrations and tables for clarifying underlying concepts. The reader can understand the fundamental concepts easily, and the book is highly useful for practice in the field in addition to classroom learning.
Theory and Modeling of Polymer Nanocomposites (Springer Series in Materials Science #310)
by Valeriy V. Ginzburg Lisa M. HallThis edited volume brings together the state of the art in polymer nanocomposite theory and modeling, creating a roadmap for scientists and engineers seeking to design new advanced materials. The book opens with a review of molecular and mesoscale models predicting equilibrium and non-equilibrium nanoscale structure of hybrid materials as a function of composition and, especially, filler types. Subsequent chapters cover the methods and analyses used for describing the dynamics of nanocomposites and their mechanical and physical properties. Dedicated chapters present best practices for predicting materials properties of practical interest, including thermal and electrical conductivity, optical properties, barrier properties, and flammability. Each chapter is written by leading academic and industrial scientists working in each respective sub-field. The overview of modeling methodology combined with detailed examples of property predictions for specific systems will make this book useful for academic and industrial practitioners alike.
Theory and Method of Fisheries Forecasting
by Xinjun ChenThis book systematically introduces the knowledge system and research results of fisheries forecasting. It is divided into four parts and seven chapters. The first part is the introduction, which mainly introduces the basic concepts, the nature of the subject, and the research contents, as well as the current status of research. The second part is about the basic knowledge of fisheries forecasting, including overview of the world marine environment, fish shoaling and migration distribution, the relationship between fish behavior and marine environment, and the basic theory of forming fishing ground. The third part is the focus of this book, including the basic principles and methods of fisheries forecasting, as well as the application of new techniques and methods in fisheries forecasting. The fourth part is the comprehensive application of fisheries forecasting, including the general situation of world marine fisheries, the impact of global marine environment changes on fisheries resources and fishing ground, and case studying of fisheries forecasting of important economic species, such as oceanic squid, jack mackerel, anchovy, and skipjack. The study of this book will help everyone to master the basic principles and methods of fisheries forecasting, as well as the application of new technologies and methods in important economic species, and lay a foundation for future work in the field of marine fisheries.
A Theory and History of Rural–urban Governance in China
by Chao YeThis book divides the history of China's rural-urban relations into three stages: antagonism, integration and re-antagonism, and demonstrates that the two coupled variables i.e., policy-culture and coast-trade are the most crucial to urbanization and rural-urban governance in China from ancient times till now. From the perspective of a combination of history and geography, this book puts forward a new theory which is mainly based on Adam Smith's theory and other theories about rural-urban relationship and reinterprets the process and driving forces of evolutionary history of rural-urban relationship over 5,000 years in China. It is useful for researchers and scholars specialized in such fields as rural and urban studies, economics, geography, management and planning for reference.
Theory and Evaluation of Formation Pressures: A Pressure Detection Reference Handbook (Environment, Development and Public Policy: Public Policy and Social Services)
by EXLOG/WhittakerThe objectives of this book are: (1) to educate the prospective Pressure Evaluation Geologist to a basic level of expertise; (2) to provide a reference tool for the experienced geologist; and (3) to foster constructuve thought and continued development of the field geologist. Despite the incorporation of many new ideas and concepts, elaboration of the more re cent concepts is limited due to space considerations. It is hoped that the geologist will follow up via the literature referenced at the end of each chapter. Easy reference is provided by the detailed table of contents and index. A glossary of terms, definitions, and formulae adds to the usefulness of this reference text. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS FOR FIGURES Figure 2-7 is reprinted by permission of the AAPG from Barker, 1972. Figure 4-21 is courtesy of Totco Figure 5-2 is reprinted by permission of the Oil and GasJournal from Matthews and Kelly, 1967. Figure 5-4 is reprinted by permission of the SPE-AIME from the Journal of Petroleum Technology from Eaton, © 1969. Figure 5-5 is reprinted by permission of the SPE-AIME from Hubbert and Willis, © 1957.
Theory and Applications of Viscous Fluid Flows
by Radyadour Kh. ZeytounianThis book closes the gap between standard undergraduate texts on fluid mechanics and monographical publications devoted to specific aspects of viscous fluid flows. Each chapter serves as an introduction to a special topic that will facilitate later application by readers in their research work.
Theory and Applications of the Poincaré Group (Fundamental Theories of Physics #17)
by Young Suh Kim M. NozSpecial relativity and quantum mechanics, formulated early in the twentieth century, are the two most important scientific languages and are likely to remain so for many years to come. In the 1920's, when quantum mechanics was developed, the most pressing theoretical problem was how to make it consistent with special relativity. In the 1980's, this is still the most pressing problem. The only difference is that the situation is more urgent now than before, because of the significant quantity of experimental data which need to be explained in terms of both quantum mechanics and special relativity. In unifying the concepts and algorithms of quantum mechanics and special relativity, it is important to realize that the underlying scientific language for both disciplines is that of group theory. The role of group theory in quantum mechanics is well known. The same is true for special relativity. Therefore, the most effective approach to the problem of unifying these two important theories is to develop a group theory which can accommodate both special relativity and quantum mechanics. As is well known, Eugene P. Wigner is one of the pioneers in developing group theoretical approaches to relativistic quantum mechanics. His 1939 paper on the inhomogeneous Lorentz group laid the foundation for this important research line. It is generally agreed that this paper was somewhat ahead of its time in 1939, and that contemporary physicists must continue to make real efforts to appreciate fully the content of this classic work.
Theory and Applications of Stochastic Processes: An Analytical Approach (Applied Mathematical Sciences #170)
by Zeev SchussStochastic processes and diffusion theory are the mathematical underpinnings of many scientific disciplines, including statistical physics, physical chemistry, molecular biophysics, communications theory and many more. Many books, reviews and research articles have been published on this topic, from the purely mathematical to the most practical. This book offers an analytical approach to stochastic processes that are most common in the physical and life sciences, as well as in optimal control and in the theory of filltering of signals from noisy measurements. Its aim is to make probability theory in function space readily accessible to scientists trained in the traditional methods of applied mathematics, such as integral, ordinary, and partial differential equations and asymptotic methods, rather than in probability and measure theory.
Theory and Applications of Partial Differential Equations (Mathematical Concepts and Methods in Science and Engineering #46)
by Piero Bassanini Alan R. ElcratThis book is a product of the experience of the authors in teaching partial differential equations to students of mathematics, physics, and engineering over a period of 20 years. Our goal in writing it has been to introduce the subject with precise and rigorous analysis on the one hand, and interesting and significant applications on the other. The starting level of the book is at the first-year graduate level in a U.S. university. Previous experience with partial differential equations is not required, but the use of classical analysis to find solutions of specific problems is not emphasized. From that perspective our treatment is decidedly theoretical. We have avoided abstraction and full generality in many situations, however. Our plan has been to introduce fundamental ideas in relatively simple situations and to show their impact on relevant applications. The student is then, we feel, well prepared to fight through more specialized treatises. There are parts of the exposition that require Lebesgue integration, distributions and Fourier transforms, and Sobolev spaces. We have included a long appendix, Chapter 8, giving precise statements of all results used. This may be thought of as an introduction to these topics. The reader who is not familiar with these subjects may refer to parts of Chapter 8 as needed or become somewhat familiar with them as prerequisite and treat Chapter 8 as Chapter O.
Theory and Applications of Nonviscous Fluid Flows
by Radyadour K. ZeytounianFrom the reviews: "Researchers in fluid dynamics and applied mathematics will enjoy this book for its breadth of coverage, hands-on treatment of important ideas, many references, and historical and philosophical remarks." Mathematical Reviews
Theory and Applications of Liquid Crystals (The IMA Volumes in Mathematics and its Applications #5)
This IMA Volume in Mathematics and its Applications AMORPHOUS POLYMERS AND NON-NEWTONIAN FLUIDS is in part the proceedings of a workshop which was an integral part of the 1984-85 IMA program on CONTINUUM PHYSICS AND PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS We are grateful to the Scientific Committee: Haim Brezis Constantine Dafermos Jerry Eri cksen David Kinderlehrer for planning and implementing an exciting and stimulating year-long program. We espe cially thank the Program Organizers, Jerry Ericksen, David Kinderlehrer, Stephen Prager and Matthew Tirrell for organizing a workshop which brought together scientists and mathematicians in a variety of areas for a fruitful exchange of ideas. George R. Sell Hans Weinberger Preface The diversity of experimental phenomena and the range of applications of liquid crystals present timely and challenging questions for experimentalists, mechanists, and mathematicians. The scope of this workshop was to bring together research workers and practitioners in these areas from laboratories, industry, and universities to explore common issues. The contents of this volume vary from descriptions of experimental phenomena, of which our understanding is insufficient, to questions of a mathematical nature and of efficient computation.
The Theory and Applications of Iteration Methods (Systems Engineering Ser.)
by Ioannis K. Argyros Ferenc SzidarovszkyThe Theory and Applications of Iteration Methods focuses on an abstract iteration scheme that consists of the recursive application of a point-to-set mapping. Each chapter presents new theoretical results and important applications in engineering, dynamic economic systems, and input-output systems. At the end of each chapter, case studies and numerical examples are presented from different fields of engineering and economics. Following an outline of general iteration schemes, the authors extend the discrete time-scale Liapunov theory to time-dependent, higher order, nonlinear difference equations. The monotone convergence to the solution is examined in and comparison theorems are proven . Results generalize well-known classical theorems, such as the contraction mapping principle, the lemma of Kantorovich, the famous Gronwall lemma, and the stability theorem of Uzawa. The book explores conditions for the convergence of special single- and two-step methods such as Newton's method, modified Newton's method, and Newton-like methods generated by point-to-point mappings in a Banach space setting. Conditions are examined for monotone convergence of Newton's methods and their variants. Students and professionals in engineering, the physical sciences, mathematics, and economics will benefit from the book's detailed examples, step-by-step explanations, and effective organization.
The Theory and Applications of Iteration Methods
by Ioannis K. Argyros Ferenc SzidarovszkyThe Theory and Applications of Iteration Methods focuses on an abstract iteration scheme that consists of the recursive application of a point-to-set mapping. Each chapter presents new theoretical results and important applications in engineering, dynamic economic systems, and input-output systems. At the end of each chapter, case studies and numerical examples are presented from different fields of engineering and economics. Following an outline of general iteration schemes, the authors extend the discrete time-scale Liapunov theory to time-dependent, higher order, nonlinear difference equations. The monotone convergence to the solution is examined in and comparison theorems are proven . Results generalize well-known classical theorems, such as the contraction mapping principle, the lemma of Kantorovich, the famous Gronwall lemma, and the stability theorem of Uzawa. The book explores conditions for the convergence of special single- and two-step methods such as Newton's method, modified Newton's method, and Newton-like methods generated by point-to-point mappings in a Banach space setting. Conditions are examined for monotone convergence of Newton's methods and their variants. Students and professionals in engineering, the physical sciences, mathematics, and economics will benefit from the book's detailed examples, step-by-step explanations, and effective organization.
Theory and Applications of Drilling Fluid Hydraulics (Exlog Series of Petroleum Geology and Engineering Handbooks #1)
by EXLOG/WhittakerThe objectives of this book are (1) to serve as a reasonably comprehensive text on the subject of drilling hydraulics and (2) to provide the field geologist with a quick reference to drilling hydraulics calculations. Chapter 1 introduces the basic principles of fluid properties, and Chapter 2 presents the general principles of fluid hydraulics. Chapters 3 through 10 analyze specific hydraulic considerations of the drilling process, such as viscometric measurements, pressure losses, swab and surge pressures, cuttings transport and hydraulic optimization. References are presented at the end of each section. The units and nomenclature are consistent throughout the manual. Equations are given generally in consistent S.1. units; some common expressions are also given in oilfield units. Nomenclature is explained after every equation when necessary, and a comprehensive list of the nomenclature used is given in Appendix A. Units are listed in Appendix B. In Appendix C, all the important equations are given in both S.1. and oilfield units. Appendix D contains example hydraulics calculations. A glossary is included. THEORY AND APPLICATION OF DRILLING FLUID HYDRAULICS 1 INTRODUCTION To dri 11 a we 11 safely and succes sfull y depends upon a thorough unders tandi ng of drilling hydraulics principles. Thus, drilling hydraulics is a very impor tant subject with which all logging geologists should be familiar.
Theory and Application of Rare Earth Materials
by Changzhen WangThis book starts with a theoretical introduction of the rare earth materials, and it subsequently analyzes the essential characteristics of these materials from elements, compounds to physical chemistry and metal materials, etc. Under the supplementary explanation of experimental data and results, the research is gradually guided into the multi-domain application scene. Through extensive analyses, this book displays comprehensively the distinguished values of the rare earth materials and the theoretical, empirical, and practical significance of rare earth materials is unraveled. It also covers an exhaustive review of 17 rare earth elements, their characteristics, and more possibilities in physical chemistry, functional materials, metallurgy, composites and engineering, and their prospects in production and technical applications. In-depth account of the whole spectrum of rare earth material research makes this book a unique reference to academic researchers, students, and engineers.
Theory and Application of Acoustic Sources Using Complex Analysis: Complex Acoustic Sources, Green’s Functions and Half-Space Problems, Acoustic Radiation and Scattering Using Equivalent Source and Boundary Element Methods
by Martin Ochmann Rafael PiscoyaThis book highlights the mathematical and physical properties of acoustical sources with singularities located in the complex plane and presents the application of such special elements to solve acoustical radiation and scattering problems. Sources whose origin lies in the complex plane are also solutions of the wave equation but possess different radiating properties as their counterparts with real positions. Such mathematical constructions are known in the fields of optics and electrodynamics, but they are not common in acoustical research. The objective of the book is to introduce this concept to acousticians and motivate them to engage themselves in further research and application of complex sources. Such sources are particularly useful to formulate Green’s functions and related equivalent source and boundary element methods in half-spaces.
Theorizing Transition: The Political Economy of Post-Communist Transformations
by John Pickles Adrian SmithTheorizing Transition provides a comprehensive examination of the economic, political, social and cultural transformations in post-Communist countries and an important critique of transition theory and policy. The authors create the basis of a theoretical understanding of transition in terms of a political economy of capitalist development. The diversity of forms and complexities of transition are examined through a wide range of examples from post-Soviet countries and comparative studies from countries such as Vietnam and China. Theorizing Transition challenges many of the comfortable assumptions unleashed by the euphoria of democratisation and the triumphalism of market capitalism in the early 1990s and shows transition to be much more complex than mainstream theory suggests.
Theorizing Transition: The Political Economy of Post-Communist Transformations
by John Pickles Adrian SmithTheorizing Transition provides a comprehensive examination of the economic, political, social and cultural transformations in post-Communist countries and an important critique of transition theory and policy. The authors create the basis of a theoretical understanding of transition in terms of a political economy of capitalist development. The diversity of forms and complexities of transition are examined through a wide range of examples from post-Soviet countries and comparative studies from countries such as Vietnam and China. Theorizing Transition challenges many of the comfortable assumptions unleashed by the euphoria of democratisation and the triumphalism of market capitalism in the early 1990s and shows transition to be much more complex than mainstream theory suggests.
Theorizing Transboundary Waters in International Relations (Springer Water)
by Kinga Szálkai Máté SzalaiThis book is the first collection of state-of-the-art research projects analyzing water conflict and cooperation with an explicitly theoretical point of view. Its fourteen chapters offer a comprehensive and up-to-date overview on how the application of various theoretical perspectives can support the work of scholars and practitioners in mitigating water conflict and developing cooperation.The volume starts out from a literature review on the theorization of transboundary waters in International Relations, which prepares the ground for the demonstration of the latest approaches of scholars currently working on this field. The discussion of their findings is divided into four main sections. The first section deals with reflections and critiques on the grand theories of International Relations, proposing new and more nuanced frameworks for understanding and managing transboundary water relations by going beyond the traditional assumptions. The second section focuses on the catalysts and barriers of cooperation, applying theoretical frameworks which reveal the consequences of the dynamics in power relations and institutional frameworks. The third section investigates into the perspectives at the intersections of theory and practice related to the most practical field within the scope of the volume: water diplomacy. The fourth section introduces new perspectives to provide specific entry points for understanding and managing water conflict and cooperation.Overall, the work intends to demonstrate that the theorization of transboundary waters can significantly contribute to the deeper understanding and the more efficient management of water conflicts and cooperation from several aspects.The authors come from diverse backgrounds, and their individual careers are often related to the intersections of theory and practice in the field of transboundary water management. Their expertise covers water issues from all around the globe, which is reflected in the range of the analyzed case studies. The diversity of the experts involved, their backgrounds, their perspectives, the applied theories, and the analyzed cases was an important priority for the editors.
Theorizing Outdoor Recreation and Ecology (Leisure Studies in a Global Era)
by Sean RyanDeciding what user impacts are natural or unnatural has inspired much debate. Biophysically, moose cause similar kinds of soil and vegetation impacts as hikers. Yet moose are the sign of nature while hikers are the sign of damage. The field of outdoor recreation is beset with paradoxes, and this book presents a unique, alternative framework to address these dilemmas. Examining outdoor recreation through the lens of ecological theory, Ryan draws from theorists such as Foucault, Derrida and Latour. The book explores minimum impact strategies designed to protect and enhance ecological integrity, but that also require a disturbing amount of policing of users, which runs counter to the freedom users seek. Recent ecological theory suggests that outdoor recreation's view of nature as balanced when impacts are removed is outdated and incorrect. What is needed, and indeed Ryan presents, is a paradoxical and ecological view of humans as neither natural nor unnatural, a view that embraces some traces in nature.
Theorizing Built Form and Culture: The Legacy of Amos Rapoport (Routledge Research in Architecture)
by Kapila D. Silva Nisha A. FernandoIn this collection of essays, Theorizing Built Form and Culture: The Legacy of Amos Rapoport – a felicitation volume to celebrate the significance of Professor Amos Rapoport's lifelong scholarship – scholars from around the world discuss the analytical relevance, expansion, and continuing application of these contributions in developing an advanced understanding of mutual relationships between people and built environments across cultures.Professor Amos Rapoport has espoused an intellectual and theoretical legacy on environmental design scholarship that explains how cultural factors play a significant role in the ways people create and use environments as well as the way environments, in turn, influence people’s behavior. This volume presents a hitherto-not-seen, unique, and singular work that simultaneously articulates a cohesive framework of Rapoport’s architectural theories and demonstrates how that theoretical approach be used in architectural inquiry, education, and practice across environmental scales, types, and cultural contexts. It also acknowledges, for the very first time, how this theoretical legacy has pioneered the decolonizing of the Eurocentric approaches to architectural inquiry and has thus privileged an inclusive, cross-cultural perspective that laid the groundwork to understand and analyze non-Western design traditions. The book thus reflects a wide range of cross-cultural and cross-contextual range to which Professor Rapoport’s theories apply, a general notion of theoretical validity he always advocated for in his own writings.The volume is a paramount source for scholars and students of architecture who are interested in understanding how culture mediates the creation, use, and preservation of the built environment.