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A Spinoza Reader: The Ethics and Other Works (PDF)

by Benedictus Spinoza Edwin Curley

This anthology of the work of Baruch de Spinoza (1632-1677) presents the text of Spinoza's masterwork, the Ethics, in what is now the standard translation by Edwin Curley. Also included are selections from other works by Spinoza, chosen by Curley to make the Ethics easier to understand, and a substantial introduction that gives an overview of Spinoza's life and the main themes of his philosophy. Perfect for course use, the Spinoza Reader is a practical tool with which to approach one of the world's greatest but most difficult thinkers, a passionate seeker of the truth who has been viewed by some as an atheist and by others as a religious mystic. The anthology begins with the opening section of the Treatise on the Emendation of the Intellect, which has always moved readers by its description of the young Spinoza's spiritual quest, his dissatisfaction with the things people ordinarily strive for--wealth, honor, and sensual pleasure--and his hope that the pursuit of knowledge would lead him to discover the true good. The emphasis throughout these selections is on metaphysical, epistemological, and religious issues: the existence and nature of God, his relation to the world, the nature of the human mind and its relation to the body, and the theory of demonstration, axioms, and definitions. For each of these topics, the editor supplements the rigorous discussions in the Ethics with informal treatments from Spinoza's other works.

Stichwort: Wähler - Parteien - Wahlverfahren

by Wichard Woyke

1. Das Recht zu wählen ist eines der wichtigsten verfassungsmäßigen Rechte des Bürgers und - neben -+ Abstimmungen - seine einzige Mög­ lichkeit, unmittelbar am politischen Prozeß teilzunehmen. Das Wahlrecht erhält der Bürger mit seiner Volljährigkeit, es zeichnet ihn als Bürger aus. Wähler - Parteien - Entscheidungen Durch Wahlen werden in Deutschland auf unterschiedlichen Ebenen - Europa, Bund, Länder und Gemeinden - Körperschaften (Repräsenta­ tionsorgane) gebildet oder Personen ermittelt, die ein Wahlamt - z.B. Bundestagsabgeordneter, Bürgermeister - ausüben. Meistens wird mit den Wahlen nicht nur eine Personalentscheidung getroffen, sondern gleichzeitig auch eine Sachentscheidung über politische Grundpositionen und Programme von Parteien und Wählervereinigungen. Bürgerinnen und Bürger nehmen mit ihrer Wahlentscheidung einen wich­ tigen Einfluß auf das politische Geschehen in ihrem Land und damit auf die Entwicklung der Gesellschaft, in der sie leben. Dieser Einfluß wird auch ausgeübt, wenn man nicht wählt. Denn die Mechanismen der Verteilung der abgegebenen Wählerstimmen (Stimmenverrechnung) werden stark von der Wahlbeteiligung (-+ 211) mitbestimmt. 2. Den Wählern gegenüber stehen die Parteien. Sie erfüllen eine herausra­ gende Funktion: Um in einem Staat mit ca. 80 Mio Einwohnern die vielen politischen Vorstellungen zu bündeln und geltend zu machen, sind Parteien oder Wählervereinigungen erforderlich. Sie haben sich deshalb im demo­ kratischen Staat zu unverzichtbaren Institutionen entwickelt. Sie nehmen die Rekrutierung des politischen Personals vor, stellen also Kandidaten für 11 Wahlämter auf, bündeln und artikulieren die gesellschaftlichen Interessen und bieten dem Wähler Alternativen.

Strukturen moralischer Komplexität

by Charles Larmore

Charles Larmore stellt keineswegs die Möglichkeit einer Moraltheorie in Frage. Indem er zentrale Probleme der Politik moralisch zu begründen sucht, plädiert er jedoch für einen flexibleren und sensibleren Umgang mit den Schwierigkeiten unseres moralischen Alltags.

Sub-Contracting under the JCT Standard Forms of Building Contract (Building and Surveying Series)

by Jennie Price

The increasing sophistication of buildings means that most of the work on an average project will be sub-contracted, so sub-contractors now play a crucial role in practically all building projects. This book is a comprehensive examination of the legal principles which affect sub-contractors and explains in detail the key provision of the standard sub-contracts for use with the various JCT forms of the main contract. It examines issues such as design by sub-contractors, variations in sub-contract work, payment and set-off, and sub-contractor's claims for extensions of time and loss and expense.

The Supreme Court Justices: A Biographical Dictionary (Abc-clio Supreme Court Handbooks Ser.)

by Melvin I. Urofsky

First published in 1994. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

The Supreme Court Justices: A Biographical Dictionary

by Melvin Urofsky

First published in 1994. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

Tax Havens for International Business

by Adam Starchild

Tax Havens for International Business is a special management report that shows how the establishment of a tax haven operation, in any of many locations worldwide, can save more money than any internal tax-shelter programme. This volume provides a comprehensive, step-by-step plan that simplifies the myriad complexities surrounding the formation and incorporation of branch offices and subsidiary companies within such tax havens as the Bahamas, Bermuda, the Cayman Islands, Greece, Hong Kong, Luxembourg, Malta, The Netherlands, Panama, Puerto Rico, and Switzerland. In addition, it presents detailed information on each tax haven's economic, legal, political, cultural and geographical aspects, which must be considered if such an enterprise is to operate successfully.

Technologies for Environmental Cleanup: Toxic and Hazardous Waste Management (Eurocourses: Environmental Management #2)

by A. Avogadro R. C. Ragaini

It is generally acknowledged today that the most effective strategy for toxic and hazardous waste management is: reduction, reuse and recycle. However, to date most of the activity has been in treatment technologies. This book focuses on recent technological issues commercially available or in various stages of implementation. Developments in the U.S. and Europe in the area of waste management policy and regulation are also examined since management and remediation have usually been conducted in response to regulatory requirements. This book serves as a state of the art resource on technologies and methodologies for the environmental protection manager involved in decisions concerning the management of toxic and hazardous waste.

Theological Analyses of the Clinical Encounter (Theology and Medicine #3)

by Jonathan R. Sande Gerald P. McKenny

Efforts to evaluate the clinical encounter in terms of autonomous agents governed by rationally justified moral principles continue to be criticised. These essays, written by physicians, ethicists, theologians and philosophers, examine various models of the clinical encounter emerging out of these criticisms and explore the prospects they offer for theological and religious discourse. Individual essays focus on the reformulation of covenant models; revisions of principles approaches; and topics such as power, authority, narrative, rhetoric, dialogue, and alterity. The essays display a range of conclusions about whether theology articulates generally accessible religious insights or is a tradition-specific discipline. Hence the volume reflects current debates in theology while analysing current models of the clinical encounter. Students, professionals, and scholars who find themselves at the intersection of theology and medicine will welcome these voices in an ongoing conversation.

There's No Such Thing As Free Speech: And It's a Good Thing, Too

by Stanley Fish

In an era when much of what passes for debate is merely moral posturing--traditional family values versus the cultural elite, free speech versus censorship--or reflexive name-calling--the terms "liberal" and "politically correct," are used with as much dismissive scorn by the right as "reactionary" and "fascist" are by the left--Stanley Fish would seem an unlikely lightning rod for controversy. A renowned scholar of Milton, head of the English Department of Duke University, Fish has emerged as a brilliantly original critic of the culture at large, praised and pilloried as a vigorous debunker of the pieties of both the left and right. His mission is not to win the cultural wars that preoccupy the nation's attention, but rather to redefine the terms of battle. In There's No Such Thing as Free Speech, Fish takes aim at the ideological gridlock paralyzing academic and political exchange in the nineties. In his witty, accessible dissections of the swirling controversies over multiculturalism, affirmative action, canon revision, hate speech, and legal reform, he neatly eviscerates both the conservatives' claim to possession of timeless, transcendent values (the timeless transcendence of which they themselves have conveniently identified), and the intellectual left's icons of equality, tolerance, and non-discrimination. He argues that while conservative ideologues and liberal stalwarts might disagree vehemently on what is essential to a culture, or to a curriculum, both mistakenly believe that what is essential can be identified apart from the accidental circumstances (of time and history) to which the essential is ritually opposed. In the book's first section, which includes the five essays written for Fish's celebrated debates with Dinesh D'Souza (the author and former Reagan White House policy analyst), Fish turns his attention to the neoconservative backlash. In his introduction, Fish writes, "Terms that come to us wearing the label 'apolitical'--'common values', 'fairness', 'merit', 'color blind', 'free speech', 'reason'--are in fact the ideologically charged constructions of a decidedly political agenda. I make the point not in order to level an accusation, but to remove the sting of accusation from the world 'politics' and redefine it as a synonym for what everyone inevitably does." Fish maintains that the debate over political correctness is an artificial one, because it is simply not possible for any party or individual to occupy a position above or beyond politics. Regarding the controversy over the revision of the college curriculum, Fish argues that the point is not to try to insist that inclusion of ethnic and gender studies is not a political decision, but "to point out that any alternative curriculum--say a diet of exclusively Western or European texts--would be no less politically invested." In Part Two, Fish follows the implications of his arguments to a surprising rejection of the optimistic claims of the intellectual left that awareness of the historical roots of our beliefs and biases can allow us, as individuals or as a society, to escape or transcend them. Specifically, he turns to the movement for reform of legal studies, and insists that a dream of a legal culture in which no one's values are slighted or declared peripheral can no more be realized than the dream of a concept of fairness that answers to everyone's notions of equality and jsutice, or a yardstick of merit that is true to everyone's notions of worth and substance. Similarly, he argues that attempts to politicize the study of literature are ultimately misguided, because recharacterizations of literary works have absolutely no impact on the mainstream of political life. He concludes his critique of the academy with "The Unbearable Ugliness of Volvos," an extraordinary look at some of the more puzzing, if not out-and-out masochistic, characteristics of a life in academia. Penetrating, fearless, and brilliantly argued, There's No Such Thing as Free Speech captures the essential Fish. It is must reading for anyone who cares about the outcome

The Touch of Innocents

by Michael Dobbs

It is always the innocent who suffer to make the powerful rich.A gripping thriller from the author of the Goodfellowe Series.

Transfer Pricing and Valuation in Corporate Taxation: Federal Legislation vs. Administrative Practice

by Elizabeth King

Transfer Pricing and Valuation in Corporate Taxation analyzes the disparities between both federal statutes and regulations, and r- ulations and administrative practice, in a highly controversial area of corporate tax policy: intra-company transfer pricing for tax p- poses. It addresses issues that often mean millions of dollars to in- vidual corporations, and a significant fraction of the federal gove- ment’s revenue base. These disparities between law, regulations, and administrative practice are concerning on a number of grounds. First, they - pose considerable economic costs by inducing corporations to engage in a variety of “rent-seeking” activities designed to reduce their - pected tax liabilities, and by requiring the IRS to devote still more to enforcement efforts that are very often futile. Second, they are in- ; herently undemocratic. Administrative practice is currently ad hoc by relying on dispute resolution procedures that can and do yield very different settlements on disputed tax issues from one case to another, the IRS often ends up treating similarly situated cor- rations very differently. Moreover, to the extent that the disp- ity between statute and implementation reflects the IRS’s failure to carry out Congress’ will, the laws passed by duly elected officials are effectively being superseded by administrative procedure, developed incrementally by individuals who are not answerable to an electorate.

Umweltpolitik: Bilanz, Probleme, Zukunft

by Sighard Wilhelm

Umweltpolitik verliert sich heute in Details. Ihr Erfolg entscheidet sich nicht in diesen oft hochspezialisierten Fragen, sondern darin, ob die weithin aner­ kannten Leitgedanken verwirklicht werden. Für eine Orientierung über Wege aus der Umweltkrise wird einleitend der naturwissenschaftliche Hintergrund der Umweltpolitik beschrieben, der bisher zu wenig beachtet wurde. Es folgt eine Darstellung und Bewertung der bisherigen Umweltpolitik in der Bundesrepublik. Die Erfolge, aber auch die zahlreicheren Mängel, Defizite, Rückschläge werden vorgeführt; sie sollten als Erfahrungen und Maßstäbe für die künftigen Entscheidungen dienen. In einem abschließenden Kapitel werden Anforderungen an die künftige Umweltpolitik formuliert und ihre Er­ folgsaussichten auf der internationalen und der deutschen Ebene beurteilt. Die Schwierigkeiten, vor denen wir mit unserer Umweltpolitik heute ste­ hen, sind vermutlich größer, als sich die meisten vorstellen; die Erfolgsaus­ sichten sind wahrscheinlich schlechter, als uns für die nächste Generation lieb sein kann. Es scheint nicht nur ein "grünes Krisenszenario" zu sein, son­ dern der objektiven Entwicklung zu entsprechen, daß Erfolg oder Mißerfolg der Umweltpolitik in den nächsten Jahrzehnten tatsächlich über Fortbestand l oder Ende der uns bekannten Zivilisation entscheiden . Dieses Buch wurde geschrieben als Appell für eine aktiv gestaltende Umweltpolitik. Frau Claudia Wolff und Herr Oliver Schwork haben mich als studentische Hilfskräfte unterstützt. Frau Birgit Katsaros beschaffte mir wieder die erfor­ derliche Literatur. Mein Kollege Dr. Manfred Röber gab mir verschiedene Anregungen. Ich danke ihnen herzlich.

Un-American Activities: The Trials of William Remington

by Gary May

In 1948, William W. Remington was one of the bright young men in the Truman administration. He was tall and handsome, a product of Dartmouth and Columbia. From 1940 on, he had risen through government ranks, serving on wartime boards, the President's Council of Economic Advisors, and eventually as a major official in the Department of Commerce, with a promising future ahead. By 1954, however, Remington was dead--assassinated in his cell by a team of inmates in a high-security Federal prison. In Un-American Activities, historian Gary May tells the fascinating story of William Remington--a story of intrigue, injustice, government corruption, and anti-Communist hysteria. May labored for eight years in reconstructing Remington's case, searching through FBI files, government documents, and waging an epic battle against then-U.S. Attorney Rudy Guiliani to become the first historian to obtain access to grand jury records. The result is a brilliant account of one man's tragic odyssey and a government run amok. Remington's future collapsed in 1948, when he was charged with being a Communist and a Soviet spy. The accuser was Elizabeth Bentley, an admitted ex-Communist herself and a former courier for Soviet spymasters. Remington's life fell into a whirlpool, as he fought government improprieties, illegalities, and the assumption he was guilty. Cleared by government loyalty boards, he was indicted by a grand jury--whose foreman was secretly helping Elizabeth Bentley prepare her memoirs. Remington suffered through two trials for perjury, and the chief witness against him was his own embittered ex-wife. He was convicted and sentenced to the federal penitentiary at Lewisburg, Pennsylvania, where his reputation as a Communist preceded him. But May's account also offers fascinating insight into the depth of Soviet penetration into wartime America: As he follows Remington's life, from the radical circles at Dartmouth and the Tennessee Valley Authority in the 1930s through his Washington career, he finds that Remington may well have been guilty of the charges against him. Gary May is one of the leading historians writing about postwar America. His first book, China Scapegoat, won the Allan Nevins Prize and was hailed as "as well as a novel, as powerful as a good film" by the The Los Angeles Times. Here he brings his analytical and narrative skills to bear on one of the forgotten stories of the McCarthy era, uncovering a gripping tale of espionage, corruption, and personal tragedy.

The UN Security Council and Human Rights

by Sydney Bailey

The UN Charter establishes six 'principal organs'. Five of these are expressly authorized or permitted to deal with human rights. The single exception is the Security Council, but the Council has increasingly concerned itself with human rights inside sovereign states. This book recounts how this trend has developed in the Security Council, reluctantly at first but since 1989 with some enthusiasm and responsibility. Some Third-World countries are uneasy at this development, fearing that the Security Council, dominated by a single superpower, will interfere in the internal affairs of states without the agreement of the government concerned.

Von CA bis CAS online: Datenbanken in der Chemie

by Hedda Schulz Ursula Georgy

Wegweiser für den Erfinder: Von der Aufgabe über die Idee zum Patent

by Michael Wagner Wolfgang Thieler

Das Thema Erfindung wird ganzheitlich von der Aufgabenstellung bis zur Patentverwertung behandelt. Die Autoren, selbst Industriefachleute, geben dazu wertvolle Tips und Tricks aus der Praxis.

Women and Sexual Harassment: A Practical Guide to the Legal Protections of Title VII and the Hostile Environment Claim

by Robert C Berring Anja A Chan

Here is a valuable guide that saves researchers investigating sexual harassment in the workplace enormous amounts of time and money. Focusing on the hostile environment claim under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, Women and Sexual Harassment is a complete resource tool. In one easy-to-use volume, it provides a detailed background and history of the hostile environment claim as well as an extensive guide on how to use and where to find the best resources available on this topic. Unlike some legal books, Chan’s book does not require cover-to-cover reading to access pertinent information. Anyone, whether they are interested in the specifics of the hostile environment claim or sexual harassment in general, will be able to locate the information they’re looking for with the help of this handy guide. It saves enormous amounts of time, effort, and money for researchers by providing extensive listings and evaluations of statutes, cases, agency decisions, law review articles, annotations, and books containing information on this subject. Readers can use the book to get a better understanding of the hostile environment claim or use it like a dictionary to pinpoint the specific resources that will be most useful to their area of research. Women and Sexual Harassment is logically divided into five complete parts to make it easy to use: Part 1: Clearly explains how to best use the book to access specific information. Part 2: Describes the history and present state of the hostile environment claim in a manner that is to the point, yet is more thorough than descriptions of the claim found in articles, cases, or other sources. Part 3: Research guide--Directs researchers to the best sources for information, categorized by type and area. Includes tips that will save hours in the library and will help researchers find the most up-to-the-minute articles and cases. Part 4: Bibliography of primary legal sources--Covers statutes, regulations, and case law on the hostile environment claim and sexual harassment. Part 5: Bibliography of secondary sources--Includes books, articles, surveys, and legislative history.The annotated bibliography, broken down by type of source and type of information, not only points researchers in the right direction but also steers them away from sources that seem valuable from their title, but are in fact not worthwhile. The insightful written analysis of the hostile environment claim alone provides researchers unfamiliar with the subject with a clearly written history and definition of the claim, its key elements, employer liability, statute of limitations, remedies, considerations of discovery and evidence, and related claims. Women and Sexual Harassment is an invaluable guide for all types of researchers including victims of sexual harassment considering filing a hostile environment claim, scholars interested in women’s issues, attorneys unfamiliar with this area, employers interested in limiting their liability by taking steps to prevent sexual harassment in their workplaces, and law students in any level of courses related to sex discrimination or sexual harassment.

Women and Sexual Harassment: A Practical Guide to the Legal Protections of Title VII and the Hostile Environment Claim

by Robert C Berring Anja A Chan

Here is a valuable guide that saves researchers investigating sexual harassment in the workplace enormous amounts of time and money. Focusing on the hostile environment claim under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, Women and Sexual Harassment is a complete resource tool. In one easy-to-use volume, it provides a detailed background and history of the hostile environment claim as well as an extensive guide on how to use and where to find the best resources available on this topic. Unlike some legal books, Chan’s book does not require cover-to-cover reading to access pertinent information. Anyone, whether they are interested in the specifics of the hostile environment claim or sexual harassment in general, will be able to locate the information they’re looking for with the help of this handy guide. It saves enormous amounts of time, effort, and money for researchers by providing extensive listings and evaluations of statutes, cases, agency decisions, law review articles, annotations, and books containing information on this subject. Readers can use the book to get a better understanding of the hostile environment claim or use it like a dictionary to pinpoint the specific resources that will be most useful to their area of research. Women and Sexual Harassment is logically divided into five complete parts to make it easy to use: Part 1: Clearly explains how to best use the book to access specific information. Part 2: Describes the history and present state of the hostile environment claim in a manner that is to the point, yet is more thorough than descriptions of the claim found in articles, cases, or other sources. Part 3: Research guide--Directs researchers to the best sources for information, categorized by type and area. Includes tips that will save hours in the library and will help researchers find the most up-to-the-minute articles and cases. Part 4: Bibliography of primary legal sources--Covers statutes, regulations, and case law on the hostile environment claim and sexual harassment. Part 5: Bibliography of secondary sources--Includes books, articles, surveys, and legislative history.The annotated bibliography, broken down by type of source and type of information, not only points researchers in the right direction but also steers them away from sources that seem valuable from their title, but are in fact not worthwhile. The insightful written analysis of the hostile environment claim alone provides researchers unfamiliar with the subject with a clearly written history and definition of the claim, its key elements, employer liability, statute of limitations, remedies, considerations of discovery and evidence, and related claims. Women and Sexual Harassment is an invaluable guide for all types of researchers including victims of sexual harassment considering filing a hostile environment claim, scholars interested in women’s issues, attorneys unfamiliar with this area, employers interested in limiting their liability by taking steps to prevent sexual harassment in their workplaces, and law students in any level of courses related to sex discrimination or sexual harassment.

Women in the Criminal Justice System: Third Edition

by Clarice Feinman

This third edition provides thoroughly updated information on the status of women in all aspects of the U.S. criminal justice system, from incarcerated women to professionals in the legal, law enforcement, and correctional fields. While concentrating on the present, Clarice Feinman traces changes in theories, goals, practices, and policies concerning women of different racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic backgrounds--be they offenders, professionals, or reformers--since 1800, with a focus on why changes occurred. This unique text is an important tool for filling gaps in information, continuity, and understanding of issues affecting women in the up-hill battle to transform this male-dominated system.

Women With Disabilities: Found Voices

by Mary Willmuth Lillian Holcomb

Here is a powerful stimulus for thought, discussion, and coalition building in the area of women and disability. This innovative book was written by women with disabilities and women professionals who work with persons with disabilities. Women With Disabilities covers many concerns about life with a disability and issues related to disability and psychotherapy.The authors represent a variety of disabilities, ethnicities, sexualities, and politics. This diversity of experience and perspective forces readers to grapple with contradictions, paradox, and their own preconceptions about disabilities and women. These women writers reveal, in deeply personal, closely technical, and sometimes theoretical terms, how they have coped with the contradictions of being women, of being members of varied colors and classes, and having bodies that don’t “fit.”Women With Disabilities provides a wealth of information for psychologists, social workers, feminist therapists, and counselors working in rehabilitation, vocational rehabilitation, and mental health. It covers a variety of subjects, including transference and countertransference, spinal cord injury, visual impairment, and chronic illness. Some specific topics covered include: therapy issues for therapists working with women with disabilities parenthood and disability use of assistive technology by women with disabilities sexual exploitation of women with disabilities women’s responses to disability at different points in the life cycleReaders will be fascinated by the illuminating depth and breadth of experience expressed by the authors. Voices of rebellion, activism, and resistance sparkle across these pages. Women With Disabilities is an invitation for theoretical, therapeutic, and political coalition building to those with--and without--disabilities.

Women With Disabilities: Found Voices

by Mary Willmuth Lillian Holcomb

Here is a powerful stimulus for thought, discussion, and coalition building in the area of women and disability. This innovative book was written by women with disabilities and women professionals who work with persons with disabilities. Women With Disabilities covers many concerns about life with a disability and issues related to disability and psychotherapy.The authors represent a variety of disabilities, ethnicities, sexualities, and politics. This diversity of experience and perspective forces readers to grapple with contradictions, paradox, and their own preconceptions about disabilities and women. These women writers reveal, in deeply personal, closely technical, and sometimes theoretical terms, how they have coped with the contradictions of being women, of being members of varied colors and classes, and having bodies that don’t “fit.”Women With Disabilities provides a wealth of information for psychologists, social workers, feminist therapists, and counselors working in rehabilitation, vocational rehabilitation, and mental health. It covers a variety of subjects, including transference and countertransference, spinal cord injury, visual impairment, and chronic illness. Some specific topics covered include: therapy issues for therapists working with women with disabilities parenthood and disability use of assistive technology by women with disabilities sexual exploitation of women with disabilities women’s responses to disability at different points in the life cycleReaders will be fascinated by the illuminating depth and breadth of experience expressed by the authors. Voices of rebellion, activism, and resistance sparkle across these pages. Women With Disabilities is an invitation for theoretical, therapeutic, and political coalition building to those with--and without--disabilities.

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