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• Word - Accessible Word output, which can be unzipped and opened in any tool that allows .docx files

Reading Migration and Culture: The World of East African Indian Literature

This book uses the uniquely positioned culture of East African Asians to reflect upon the most vexing issues in postcolonial literary studies today. By examining the local histories and discourses that underpin East African Asian literature, it opens up and reflects upon issues of alienation, modernity, migration, diaspora, memory and nationalism.

Reading Petronius

[Amazon] Review "Slater has written a highly readable book about Petronius' tantalizing work, using modern critical methods ably to inform his presentation... This book offers much for students of Petronius and of skillfully applied criticism." -- Classical World

Reading, 'Riting, and Reconstruction: The Education of Freedmen in the South, 1861-1870

This study of education for freedmen following Emancipation is the definitive treatment of the subject. Employing a wide range of sources, Robert C. Morris examines the organizations that staffed and managed black schools in the South, with particular attention paid to the activities of the Freedman’s Bureau. He looks as well at those who came to teach, a diverse group—white, black, Northern, Southern—and at the curricula and textbooks they used. While giving special emphasis to the Freedmen’s Bureau school program, Morris places the freedmen’s educational movement fully in its nineteenth-century context, relating it both to the antislavery crusade that preceded it and to the conservative era of race relations that followed.

Reading the Arab World: A Content-Based Textbook for Intermediate to Advanced Learners of Arabic

Reading the Arab World is a content-based textbook for intermediate to advanced students of Arabic, designed to enhance language skills through exposure to authentic texts. Students will develop their reading, writing, speaking, and critical thinking skills as they learn about the most contemporary issues shaping the Arab world through a range of authentic texts. The choice of texts and authors is diverse and includes texts from various sources and geographical regions in the Arab world, as well as authors of different genders, ages, generations, and schools of thought, thus ensuring a compelling range of viewpoints and angles. Each text is supported by relevant tasks such as vocabulary exercises, comprehension activities, and discussion questions. This is an ideal resource for students of Arabic as a second or heritage language, working at or above the Intermediate-High level on the ACTFL proficiency scale.

Reading the Arab World: A Content-Based Textbook for Intermediate to Advanced Learners of Arabic

Reading the Arab World is a content-based textbook for intermediate to advanced students of Arabic, designed to enhance language skills through exposure to authentic texts. Students will develop their reading, writing, speaking, and critical thinking skills as they learn about the most contemporary issues shaping the Arab world through a range of authentic texts. The choice of texts and authors is diverse and includes texts from various sources and geographical regions in the Arab world, as well as authors of different genders, ages, generations, and schools of thought, thus ensuring a compelling range of viewpoints and angles. Each text is supported by relevant tasks such as vocabulary exercises, comprehension activities, and discussion questions. This is an ideal resource for students of Arabic as a second or heritage language, working at or above the Intermediate-High level on the ACTFL proficiency scale.

Reading to Learn in a Foreign Language: An Integrated Approach to Foreign Language Instruction and Assessment (Routledge Research in Language Education)

This book describes a theory-guided approach to Foreign Language (FL) course development, implementation, instruction and assessment. It documents the development and implementation of a theory-guided approach designed to exploit cross-linguistically sharable competencies as resources for promoting FL learning. The volume delineates the processes of (a) identifying cross-linguistically sharable competencies, (b) exploring ways of exploiting sharable competencies as resources in promoting language skills through their purposeful use for content learning, (c) implementing the instructional approach in multiple EFL classrooms, and (d) evaluating the approach by comparing learning outcomes across classrooms. It presents a solid conceptual framework that integrates theories in multiple research domains, including second language acquisition, knowledge acquisition, and language assessment. It also provides detailed descriptions of framework construction and classroom implementation – the two processes that are integral to course design and development.

Reading to Learn in a Foreign Language: An Integrated Approach to Foreign Language Instruction and Assessment (Routledge Research in Language Education)

This book describes a theory-guided approach to Foreign Language (FL) course development, implementation, instruction and assessment. It documents the development and implementation of a theory-guided approach designed to exploit cross-linguistically sharable competencies as resources for promoting FL learning. The volume delineates the processes of (a) identifying cross-linguistically sharable competencies, (b) exploring ways of exploiting sharable competencies as resources in promoting language skills through their purposeful use for content learning, (c) implementing the instructional approach in multiple EFL classrooms, and (d) evaluating the approach by comparing learning outcomes across classrooms. It presents a solid conceptual framework that integrates theories in multiple research domains, including second language acquisition, knowledge acquisition, and language assessment. It also provides detailed descriptions of framework construction and classroom implementation – the two processes that are integral to course design and development.

Reading to Write: A Textbook of Advanced Chinese

Traditionally, reading and writing are believed to be separate but related language processes and teachers follow the conventional wisdom of teaching in-depth reading, with writing as a tag-on issue. Therefore, there exists an increasingly urgent call for a well-rounded reading-writing curriculum and a theoretically-informed, empirically-based, student-centered advanced textbook that aims to develop the synergy between reading and writing. Reading to Write: A Textbook of Advanced Chinese is intended to fill this significant gap. It treats reading and writing as integrative parts and interactive skills in Chinese language teaching, putting them hand-in-hand, supplementing each other.

Reading to Write: A Textbook Of Advanced Chinese

Traditionally, reading and writing are believed to be separate but related language processes and teachers follow the conventional wisdom of teaching in-depth reading, with writing as a tag-on issue. Therefore, there exists an increasingly urgent call for a well-rounded reading-writing curriculum and a theoretically-informed, empirically-based, student-centered advanced textbook that aims to develop the synergy between reading and writing. Reading to Write: A Textbook of Advanced Chinese is intended to fill this significant gap. It treats reading and writing as integrative parts and interactive skills in Chinese language teaching, putting them hand-in-hand, supplementing each other.

Readings in Contemporary Chinese Cinema: A Textbook of Advanced Modern Chinese

Most Chinese-language textbooks today cater to beginners and intermediate-level students, but virtually none address the unique needs of advanced students seeking to expand or reinforce their language skills in one semester. Readings in Contemporary Chinese Cinema fills this gap through the use of critically acclaimed Chinese films to teach students Chinese while also broadening their knowledge about China. The authors have carefully chosen ten movies produced in recent decades by filmmakers from mainland China, Taiwan, and Hong Kong. Set broadly within the twentieth century, these classic films are representative of both urban and rural life, and vividly depict the diversity of perspectives that comprise contemporary Chinese society. The authors provide an informative synopsis and critique of each movie, and include selections of movie dialogue that allow students to practice and build proficiency. The comprehensive lessons are supplemented with exercises, sentence-pattern examples, English-language glossaries, and extensive vocabulary lists. There are also discussion questions that can be used in conjunction with screenings of the films. Readings in Contemporary Chinese Cinema is designed for students with three or more years of college-level instruction in modern Chinese, and can be used alone or as a sequel to Anything Goes: An Advanced Reader of Modern Chinese. It has been proven effective at Princeton University and in the Princeton in Beijing program, and is ideal for those returning from study abroad in China.

Realitätskonstitution und mythischer Ursprung: Zur Entwicklung der italienischen Schriftsprache von Dante bis Salviati (Forschungsberichte des Landes Nordrhein-Westfalen #370)

Realizing Autonomy: Practice and Reflection in Language Education Contexts

Realizing Autonomy: Practice and Reflection in Language Education Contexts presents critical practitioner research into innovative approaches to language learner autonomy. Writing about experiences in a range of widely differing contexts, the authors offer fresh insights and perspectives on the challenges and contradictions of learner autonomy.

Recent Advances in NLP: The Case of Arabic Language (Studies in Computational Intelligence #874)

In light of the rapid rise of new trends and applications in various natural language processing tasks, this book presents high-quality research in the field. Each chapter addresses a common challenge in a theoretical or applied aspect of intelligent natural language processing related to Arabic language. Many challenges encountered during the development of the solutions can be resolved by incorporating language technology and artificial intelligence.The topics covered include machine translation; speech recognition; morphological, syntactic, and semantic processing; information retrieval; text classification; text summarization; sentiment analysis; ontology construction; Arabizi translation; Arabic dialects; Arabic lemmatization; and building and evaluating linguistic resources.This book is a valuable reference for scientists, researchers, and students from academia and industry interested in computational linguistics and artificial intelligence, especially for Arabic linguistics and related areas.

Rechtschreibung für Dummies (Für Dummies)

Beim Thema Rechtschreibung zucken viele zusammen. Schon in der Schule waren den meisten Diktate ein Graus. Groß- oder kleinschreiben, auseinander oder zusammen, und wo überhaupt muss ein Komma stehen oder ein Bindestrich? Peinlich, wenn dann später das Bewerbungsschreiben vor Fehlern nur so strotzt, die Examensarbeit inhaltlich zwar top, in Sachen Orthografie aber ein Flop ist oder in der Geschäftskorrespondenz mit wichtigen Kunden unzählige Kommafehler stecken. Ebenfalls unschön, wenn Newsletter und Flyer mehr durch ihre mangelhafte Rechtschreibung als durch ihren Inhalt auffallen. Hinzu kommt die Gewissheit, dass auf das Korrekturprogramm des PC auch kein Verlass ist. Und obendrein noch das Hin und Her um die Rechtschreibung in den letzten Jahren. Wer weiß da überhaupt noch, was Sache ist? Bald Sie, wenn Sie sich mit diesem Buch schlau machen!

Reconceptualizing the Writing Practices of Multilingual Youth: Towards a Symbiotic Approach to In- and Out-of-School Writing (Routledge Research in Literacy Education)

Focusing on adolescent multilingual writing, this text problematizes the traditional boundaries between academic writing in school contexts and self-initiated writing outside of the formal learning environment. By reconceptualizing the nature of adolescent multilingual writing, the author establishes it as an interdisciplinary genre and a key area of inquiry for research and pedagogy. Organized into six chapters, Reconceptualizing the Writing Practices of Multilingual Youth provides an in-depth examination of the writing practices of multilingual youth from sociocultural and social practice perspectives. Drawing on first-hand research conducted with young people, the text questions the traditional dichotomy between academic writing and non-formal equivalents and proposes a symbiotic approach to exploring and cultivating the connections between in- and out-of-school literate lives. By highlighting a bidirectional relationship between formal and informal writing, the text advocates for writing instruction that helps adolescents use writing for entertainment, identity construction, creative expression, personal well-being, and civic engagement, as well as helps them learn to navigate future literacies that we cannot imagine or predict now. This much-needed text will provide researchers and graduate students with a principled overview and synthesis of adolescent multilingual writing research that is significant yet underexplored in applied linguistics, TESOL, and literacy studies.

Reconceptualizing the Writing Practices of Multilingual Youth: Towards a Symbiotic Approach to In- and Out-of-School Writing (Routledge Research in Literacy Education)

Focusing on adolescent multilingual writing, this text problematizes the traditional boundaries between academic writing in school contexts and self-initiated writing outside of the formal learning environment. By reconceptualizing the nature of adolescent multilingual writing, the author establishes it as an interdisciplinary genre and a key area of inquiry for research and pedagogy. Organized into six chapters, Reconceptualizing the Writing Practices of Multilingual Youth provides an in-depth examination of the writing practices of multilingual youth from sociocultural and social practice perspectives. Drawing on first-hand research conducted with young people, the text questions the traditional dichotomy between academic writing and non-formal equivalents and proposes a symbiotic approach to exploring and cultivating the connections between in- and out-of-school literate lives. By highlighting a bidirectional relationship between formal and informal writing, the text advocates for writing instruction that helps adolescents use writing for entertainment, identity construction, creative expression, personal well-being, and civic engagement, as well as helps them learn to navigate future literacies that we cannot imagine or predict now. This much-needed text will provide researchers and graduate students with a principled overview and synthesis of adolescent multilingual writing research that is significant yet underexplored in applied linguistics, TESOL, and literacy studies.

Reconciling Translingualism and Second Language Writing (ESL & Applied Linguistics Professional Series)

This book brings together top scholars on different sides of the important scholarly debate between the translingual movement and the field of second language writing. Drawing on a wide range of perspectives, this volume examines the differences in theory and practice with the hope of promoting reconciliation between the two schools of thought. Chapters address the tensions in the relationship between translingualism and second language writing and explore programs, pedagogies, and research that highlight commonalities between the two camps. With contributions from leading scholars, this book comprehensively addresses the issues related to this contentious debate and offers ways to bring the two camps into conversation with one another in a way that promotes effective teaching practices. By providing a panoramic view of the current situation, the text is a timely and unique contribution to TESOL, applied linguistics, and composition studies.

Reconciling Translingualism and Second Language Writing (ESL & Applied Linguistics Professional Series)

This book brings together top scholars on different sides of the important scholarly debate between the translingual movement and the field of second language writing. Drawing on a wide range of perspectives, this volume examines the differences in theory and practice with the hope of promoting reconciliation between the two schools of thought. Chapters address the tensions in the relationship between translingualism and second language writing and explore programs, pedagogies, and research that highlight commonalities between the two camps. With contributions from leading scholars, this book comprehensively addresses the issues related to this contentious debate and offers ways to bring the two camps into conversation with one another in a way that promotes effective teaching practices. By providing a panoramic view of the current situation, the text is a timely and unique contribution to TESOL, applied linguistics, and composition studies.

Recycling Your English with Removable Key (Georgian Press)

A series of four books that provide extensive guidance and English practice in key areas of the language. Recycling Your English: Fourth Edition provides extensive guidance and practice in five key areas of language: Grammar; Phrasal verbs; Vocabulary; Word study and Writing. This popular book has been revised throughout to take account of recent revisions to the FCE syllabus, and has been expanded to include a new Writing unit on Reviews. It can be used to supplement any coursebook at upper-intermediate level, in class or for self-study, and is suitable for students preparing for the Cambridge FCE or IGCSE in English as a Second Language examinations.

Redefining Indefinites (Studies in Natural Language and Linguistic Theory #85)

This volume explores the interpretation of indefinites and the constraints on their distribution by paying particular attention to key issues in the interface between syntax and semantics: the relation between the semantic properties of indefinite determiners and the denotation of indefinite DPs, their scope, and their behaviour in generic and conditional sentences. Examples come from French, other Romance languages and English. Central to the proposed analyses is a distinction between two types of entities, individualized entities and amounts. Weak indefinites are analyzed as existential generalized quantifiers over amounts and strong indefinites as either Skolem terms or generalized quantifiers over individualized entities. The up-to-date review of the literature and the new falsifiable proposals contained in this book will be of particular interest to linguistics students and scholars interested in the cross-linguistic semantics of indefinites.

Redefining Regional French

This study challenges the orthodox view that emergent regional varieties of French represent no more than an ephemeral dialect residue of little theoretical interest. It follows the life cycle of an obsolescent urban Picard variety, spoken in a mining town in the Pas-de-Calais, and attempts to unravel the complex reasons behind the survival of some local variants at the expense of others. Applying a sociolinguistic model developed by Peter Trudgill, it shows how the processes of levelling and simplification have driven change in a dialect contact situation, giving rise to a new, stable variety or koine. This is compared with other new urban varieties in Sweden and the UK, where different economic, social and demographic conditions have produced very different linguistic outcomes. The emergence of Regional French in the north, it is argued, may herald the start of a new diversification of French in Europe. This book will therefore interest both students of French and of language variation more generally.

Redefining Regional French

This study challenges the orthodox view that emergent regional varieties of French represent no more than an ephemeral dialect residue of little theoretical interest. It follows the life cycle of an obsolescent urban Picard variety, spoken in a mining town in the Pas-de-Calais, and attempts to unravel the complex reasons behind the survival of some local variants at the expense of others. Applying a sociolinguistic model developed by Peter Trudgill, it shows how the processes of levelling and simplification have driven change in a dialect contact situation, giving rise to a new, stable variety or koine. This is compared with other new urban varieties in Sweden and the UK, where different economic, social and demographic conditions have produced very different linguistic outcomes. The emergence of Regional French in the north, it is argued, may herald the start of a new diversification of French in Europe. This book will therefore interest both students of French and of language variation more generally.

Referential Practice: Language and Lived Space among the Maya

Referential Practice is an anthropological study of language use in a contemporary Maya community. It examines the routine conversational practices in which Maya speakers make reference to themselves and to each other, to their immediate contexts, and to their world. Drawing on extensive fieldwork in Oxkutzcab, Yucatán, William F. Hanks develops a sociocultural approach to reference in natural languages. The core of this approach lies in treating speech as a social engagement and reference as a practice through which actors orient themselves in the world. The conceptual framework derives from cultural anthropology, linguistic pragmatics, interpretive sociology, and cognitive semantics. As his central case, Hanks undertakes a comprehensive analysis of deixis—linguistic forms that fix reference in context, such as English I, you, this, that, here, and there. He shows that Maya deixis is a basic cultural construct linking language with body space, domestic space, agricultural and ritual practices, and other fields of social activity. Using this as a guide to ethnographic description, he discovers striking regularities in person reference and modes of participation, the role of perception in reference, and varieties of spatial orientation, including locative deixis. Traditionally considered a marginal area in linguistics and virtually untouched in the ethnographic literature, the study of referential deixis becomes in Hanks's treatment an innovative and revealing methodology. Referential Practice is the first full-length study of actual deictic use in a non-Western language, the first in-depth study of speech practice in Yucatec Maya culture, and the first detailed account of the relation between routine conversation, embodiment, and ritual discourse.

A Reflection of Reality: Selected Readings in Contemporary Chinese Short Stories (PDF)

A Reflection of Reality is an anthology of modern Chinese short stories designed as an advanced-level textbook for students who have completed at least three years of college-level Chinese. While many advanced-level Chinese language textbooks stress only practical communication, this textbook uses stories from well-known Chinese authors not only to enhance students' language proficiency, but also to expose students to the literature, history, and evolution of modern Chinese society.The twelve stories selected for this textbook are written by such contemporary authors as Yu Hua, Wang Anyi, and Gao Xingjian, and have appeared in various newspapers and magazines in China. Each story is filled with useful sentence structures, vocabulary, and cultural information, and is followed by an extensive vocabulary list, numerous sentence structure examples, grammar exercises, and discussion questions. The textbook also includes a comprehensive pinyin index. A Reflection of Reality will effectively improve students' Chinese language skills and their understanding of today's China.Advanced-level Chinese language textbook Selected short stories reflect contemporary Chinese society and cultureExtensive vocabulary lists, sentence structure examples, grammar exercises, and discussion questionsComprehensive pinyin index

Reflective Practice in English Language Teaching: Research-Based Principles and Practices (ESL & Applied Linguistics Professional Series)

Offering a unique, data-led, evidence-based approach to reflective practice in English language teaching, this book brings together theory, research and practice in an accessible way to demonstrate what reflective practice looks like and how it is undertaken in a range of contexts. Readers learn how to do and to research reflective practice in their own settings. Through the use of data, dialogue and appropriate tools, the authors show how reflective practice can be used as an ongoing teaching tool that supports professional self-development.