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The Legendary Detective: The Private Eye in Fact and Fiction
by John Walton“I’m in a business where people come to me with troubles. Big troubles, little troubles, but always troubles they don’t want to take to the cops.” That’s Raymond Chandler’s Philip Marlowe, succinctly setting out our image of the private eye. A no-nonsense loner, working on the margins of society, working in the darkness to shine a little light. The reality is a little different—but no less fascinating. In The Legendary Detective, John Walton offers a sweeping history of the American private detective in reality and myth, from the earliest agencies to the hard-boiled heights of the 1930s and ’40s. Drawing on previously untapped archival accounts of actual detective work, Walton traces both the growth of major private detective agencies like Pinkerton, which became powerful bulwarks against social and labor unrest, and the motley, unglamorous work of small-time operatives. He then goes on to show us how writers like Dashiell Hammett and editors of sensational pulp magazines like Black Mask embellished on actual experiences and fashioned an image of the PI as a compelling, even admirable, necessary evil, doing society’s dirty work while adhering to a self-imposed moral code. Scandals, public investigations, and regulations brought the boom years of private agencies to an end in the late 1930s, Walton explains, in the process fully cementing the shift from reality to fantasy. Today, as the private detective has long since given way to security services and armed guards, the myth of the lone PI remains as potent as ever. No fan of crime fiction or American history will want to miss The Legendary Detective.
Legends in Gandhian Social Activism: Addressing Environmental Issues By Dissolving Gender And Colonial Barriers (Ecology and Ethics)
by Bidisha MallikThis book is about Madeleine Slade (1892-1982) and Catherine Mary Heilemann (1901-1982), two English associates of Mohandas K. (Mahatma) Gandhi (1869-1948), known in India as Mira Behn and Sarala Behn. The odysseys of these women present a counternarrative to the forces of imperialism, colonialism, capitalism, and globalized development. The book examines their extraordinary journey to India to work with Gandhi and their roles in India’s independence movement, their spiritual strivings, their independent work in the Himalayas, and most importantly, their contribution to the evolution of Gandhian philosophy of socio-economic reconstruction and environmental conservation in the present Indian state of Uttarakhand. The author shows that these women developed ideas and practices that drew from an extensive intellectual terrain that cannot be limited to Gandhi’s work. She delineates directions in which Gandhian thought and experiments in rural development work and visions of a new society evolved through the lives, activism, and written contributions of these two women. Their thought and practice generated a new cultural consciousness on sustainability that had a key influence in environmental debates in India and beyond and were responsible for two of the most important environmental movements of India and the world: the Chipko Movement or the movement against commercial green felling of trees by hugging them, and the protest against the Tehri high dam on the Bhagirathi River. To this day, their teachings and philosophies constitute a useful and significant contribution to the search for and implementation of global ideas of ecological conservation and human development.
Legends, Monsters, or Serial Murderers?: The Real Story Behind an Ancient Crime
by Dirk C. GibsonCovering figures ranging from Catherine Monvoisin to Vlad the Impaler, and describing murders committed in ancient aristocracies to those attributed to vampires, witches, and werewolves, this book documents the historic reality of serial murder.The majority of serial murder studies support the consensus that serial murder is essentially an American crime—a flawed assumption, as the United States has existed for less than 250 years. What is far more likely is that the perverse urge to repeatedly and intentionally kill has existed throughout human history, and that a substantial percentage of serial murders throughout ancient times, the middle ages, and the pre-modern era were attributed to imaginative surrogate explanations: dragons, demons, vampires, werewolves, and witches.Legends, Monsters, or Serial Murderers? The Real Story Behind an Ancient Crime dispels the interrelated misconceptions that serial murder is an American crime and a relatively recent phenomenon, making the novel argument that serial murder is a historic reality—an unrecognized fact in ancient times. Noted serial murderers such as the Roman Locuta (The Poisoner); Gilles De Rais of France, a prolific serial killer of children; Andres Bichel of Bavaria; and Chinese aristocratic serial killer T'zu-Hsi are spotlighted. This book provides a unique perspective that integrates supernatural interpretations of serial killing with the history of true crime, reanimating mythic entities of horror stories and presenting them as real criminals.
Legends, Monsters, or Serial Murderers?: The Real Story Behind an Ancient Crime
by Dirk C. GibsonCovering figures ranging from Catherine Monvoisin to Vlad the Impaler, and describing murders committed in ancient aristocracies to those attributed to vampires, witches, and werewolves, this book documents the historic reality of serial murder.The majority of serial murder studies support the consensus that serial murder is essentially an American crime—a flawed assumption, as the United States has existed for less than 250 years. What is far more likely is that the perverse urge to repeatedly and intentionally kill has existed throughout human history, and that a substantial percentage of serial murders throughout ancient times, the middle ages, and the pre-modern era were attributed to imaginative surrogate explanations: dragons, demons, vampires, werewolves, and witches.Legends, Monsters, or Serial Murderers? The Real Story Behind an Ancient Crime dispels the interrelated misconceptions that serial murder is an American crime and a relatively recent phenomenon, making the novel argument that serial murder is a historic reality—an unrecognized fact in ancient times. Noted serial murderers such as the Roman Locuta (The Poisoner); Gilles De Rais of France, a prolific serial killer of children; Andres Bichel of Bavaria; and Chinese aristocratic serial killer T'zu-Hsi are spotlighted. This book provides a unique perspective that integrates supernatural interpretations of serial killing with the history of true crime, reanimating mythic entities of horror stories and presenting them as real criminals.
Legislating Morality in America: Debating the Morality of Controversial U.S. Laws and Policies
by Donald P. Haider-MarkelThis title undertakes an impartial, authoritative, and in-depth examination of the moral arguments and ideas behind the laws and policies that govern personal, corporate, and government behavior in the United States.This A–Z encyclopedia surveys the moral arguments that provide the foundation for many of the most important and/or divisive laws, policies, and beliefs that govern modern American society. The work discusses such controversial and important issues as abortion, civil rights, drugs and alcohol, euthanasia, guns, hate crimes, immigration, immunization, natural resource use and protection, prostitution, same-sex marriage, and workplace laws. In the process of surveying historical and current beliefs about appropriate legislative responses to these issues, this work will help readers to understand how conservative and liberal conceptions of justice, fairness, and morality are at the center of so many hot-button political and social issues in 21st century America. The essays featured in the volume cover wide-ranging and controversial topics related to constitutional and religious freedoms, crime and punishment, sexuality and reproduction, environmental protection and public health, national security and civil liberties, social welfare programs, and education.
Legislating Morality in America: Debating the Morality of Controversial U.S. Laws and Policies
by Donald P. Haider-MarkelThis title undertakes an impartial, authoritative, and in-depth examination of the moral arguments and ideas behind the laws and policies that govern personal, corporate, and government behavior in the United States.This A–Z encyclopedia surveys the moral arguments that provide the foundation for many of the most important and/or divisive laws, policies, and beliefs that govern modern American society. The work discusses such controversial and important issues as abortion, civil rights, drugs and alcohol, euthanasia, guns, hate crimes, immigration, immunization, natural resource use and protection, prostitution, same-sex marriage, and workplace laws. In the process of surveying historical and current beliefs about appropriate legislative responses to these issues, this work will help readers to understand how conservative and liberal conceptions of justice, fairness, and morality are at the center of so many hot-button political and social issues in 21st century America. The essays featured in the volume cover wide-ranging and controversial topics related to constitutional and religious freedoms, crime and punishment, sexuality and reproduction, environmental protection and public health, national security and civil liberties, social welfare programs, and education.
Legislators and Interpreters: On Modernity, Post-Modernity and Intellectuals
by Zygmunt BaumanThe book discusses the role of intellectuals in the modern world. Bauman connects this with current analyses of modernity and post-modernity. The theme of the book is that the tasks of intellectuals change from being 'legislators' to 'interpreters' with the transition from modernity to post-modernity. The book discusses the role of intellectuals in the modern world. Bauman connects this with current analyses of modernity and post-modernity. The theme of the book is that the tasks of intellectuals change from being 'legislators' to 'interpreters' with the transition from modernity to post-modernity.
Legislators and Interpreters: On Modernity, Post-Modernity and Intellectuals
by Zygmunt BaumanThe book discusses the role of intellectuals in the modern world. Bauman connects this with current analyses of modernity and post-modernity. The theme of the book is that the tasks of intellectuals change from being 'legislators' to 'interpreters' with the transition from modernity to post-modernity. The book discusses the role of intellectuals in the modern world. Bauman connects this with current analyses of modernity and post-modernity. The theme of the book is that the tasks of intellectuals change from being 'legislators' to 'interpreters' with the transition from modernity to post-modernity.
Legitimacy: Ethnographic and Theoretical Insights (Palgrave Studies in Urban Anthropology)
by Italo Pardo Giuliana B. PratoGlobal in scope, this original and thought-provoking collection applies new theory on legitimacy and legitimation to urban life. An informed reflection on this comparatively new topic in anthropology in relation to morality, action, law, politics and governance is both timely and innovative, especially as worldwide discontent among ordinary people grows. The ethnographically-based analyses offered here range from banking to neighbourhoods, from poverty to political action at the grassroots. They recognize the growing gap between the rulers and the ruled with particular attention to the morality of what is right as opposed to what is legal. This book is a unique contribution to social theory, fostering discussion across the many boundaries of anthropological and sociological studies.
Legitimacy and the Politics of the Knowable (Routledge Library Editions: Social Theory)
by Roger HolmesRoger Holme's work in social and industrial psychology is widely respected. The theme of this first collection of his essays is the relationship of the individual with the formal, value-laden group on the one hand and the scientifically known and the philosophically asserted on the other. Roger Holmes looks at the connexions between these two important relationships and considers them in terms of the interaction between the nature of society and the nature of the knowable. The areas covered include the derivation of social classes, the nature of morale and the emergence of the professions and the trade unions. Subjects relating to the theory of knowledge include the nature of cross-cultural data, the relationship between empiricism and psychoanalysis, and Marxism and the nature of groups. The author's main theoretical influences throughout have been psychoanalysis, which is treated sympathetically but critically, and Piaget; these influences are reflected in the main preoccupations of these essays.
Legitimacy and the Politics of the Knowable (Routledge Library Editions: Social Theory)
by Roger HolmesRoger Holme's work in social and industrial psychology is widely respected. The theme of this first collection of his essays is the relationship of the individual with the formal, value-laden group on the one hand and the scientifically known and the philosophically asserted on the other. Roger Holmes looks at the connexions between these two important relationships and considers them in terms of the interaction between the nature of society and the nature of the knowable. The areas covered include the derivation of social classes, the nature of morale and the emergence of the professions and the trade unions. Subjects relating to the theory of knowledge include the nature of cross-cultural data, the relationship between empiricism and psychoanalysis, and Marxism and the nature of groups. The author's main theoretical influences throughout have been psychoanalysis, which is treated sympathetically but critically, and Piaget; these influences are reflected in the main preoccupations of these essays.
Legitimacy Beyond the State?: Re-examining the Democratic Credentials of Transnational Actors
by Eva Erman Anders UhlinCombining case studies with normative theory, this book analyzes the democratic credentials of transnational actors participating in global governance, ranging from corporations and philanthropic foundations to NGOs and social movements. This leads to innovative interpretations of democratic legitimacy in a transnational context.
Legitimacy in an Age of Global Politics (Transformations of the State)
by A. Hurrelmann S. Schneider J. SteffekIn spite of the lack of plausible alternatives to liberal democracy, the age of globalization has ushered in serious challenges to the democratic legitimacy of the nation state. The contributors in this collection explore the frontiers of normative and empirical legitimacy research, drawing upon a range of key conceptual and methodological issues.
Legitimation And Integration In Developing Societies: The Case Of India
by Reuven KahaneThis book focuses on general theoretical considerations important for the analysis of political legitimation and integration in diverse societies. It suggests a model of society in which conflicts are accentuated for integrative purposes.
Legitimation And Integration In Developing Societies: The Case Of India
by Reuven KahaneThis book focuses on general theoretical considerations important for the analysis of political legitimation and integration in diverse societies. It suggests a model of society in which conflicts are accentuated for integrative purposes.
The Legitimation Crisis of Neoliberalism: The State, Will-Formation, and Resistance
by Alessandro BonannoThis book proposes a theory of the legitimation crisis of neoliberalism. Through analyses of the legitimation crisis of regulated capitalism and the characteristics and theories of neoliberalism, the author contends that neoliberalism is affected by crises of system and social integration. The crisis of system integration refers to the inability of market mechanisms to address problems of capital accumulation and social stability. The crisis of social integration refers to the unmet promises of economic growth and social well-being. While attempts to address these crises are carried out through state intervention, crisis resolutions are inadequate due to the limits of the free market system and current state forms. Alessandro Bonanno contends that, as ideological and material forms of legitimation are inadequate, and processes of capital accumulation are sluggish and resistance weak, change is necessary. He outlines how this change will be controlled by corporate actors, minimally address the demands of subordinate groups, and marginally alter existing conditions.
Legitimation in a World at Risk: The Case of Genetically Modified Crops in India
by E. L. DesmondThis book provides a sociological analysis of the controversy surrounding GM crops in Telangana, India. There is much debate as to whether GM technology holds the key to improving the welfare of poor farmers globally or serves primarily to increase the profits of multinational corporations while enhancing cultivator risk. Desmond’s study is located in the economically vulnerable and politically volatile district of Warangal in Telangana, a context associated with high numbers of farmer suicides. Uniquely foregrounding the perspectives of cultivators and the landless, Desmond explores how GM crops are variously legitimated and delegitimated in three Warangal villages by those whose livelihoods are at stake in the debate, but whose voices are rarely heard within it. This book will be significant for those with an interest in GM crops, power and knowledge and their relation to understandings of development, democracy and risk management worldwide.
Legitimation in a World at Risk: The Case of Genetically Modified Crops in India
by E. L. DesmondThis book provides a sociological analysis of the controversy surrounding GM crops in Telangana, India. There is much debate as to whether GM technology holds the key to improving the welfare of poor farmers globally or serves primarily to increase the profits of multinational corporations while enhancing cultivator risk. Desmond’s study is located in the economically vulnerable and politically volatile district of Warangal in Telangana, a context associated with high numbers of farmer suicides. Uniquely foregrounding the perspectives of cultivators and the landless, Desmond explores how GM crops are variously legitimated and delegitimated in three Warangal villages by those whose livelihoods are at stake in the debate, but whose voices are rarely heard within it. This book will be significant for those with an interest in GM crops, power and knowledge and their relation to understandings of development, democracy and risk management worldwide.
Legitimation in the European Union: A Discourse- and Field-Theoretical View (Postdisciplinary Studies in Discourse)
by Amelie KutterThis book offers a transdisciplinary perspective on the question of how political legitimacy is constructed in the increasingly contested postnational setting of the European Union. Drawing on the example of the controversy about the EU constitution and the use of ‘EU constitution speak’ in commentaries published by Polish and French broadsheets, it reveals the transformation that constructions of political authority and association undergo when they are being transposed from the discourse field of multilateral negotiation to that of national news media. Through an original combination of the linguistic theory of discourse developed in Critical Discourse Analysis, Bourdieu’s field theory and notion of symbolic power, and political thought on polity-building, it develops a framework for the discourse study of legitimation and Europeanisation, and proposes applications beyond the case studies in the book.To students of European integration, it demonstrates the potential these concepts have for unravelling the implicit practices of postnational polity building. Discourse researchers, on the other hand, will discover how detailed text analyses gain significance in debates related to the macro level of political organisation when guided by sociological and political theory.
Legitime Ungleichheiten: Journalistische Deutungen vom „sozialdemokratischen Konsensus“ zum „Neoliberalismus"
by Ute VolkmannKommentatoren überregionaler Qualitätszeitungen stellen wichtiges gesellschaftliches Orientierungswissen über legitime soziale Ungleichheiten bereit. Mit Blick auf zwei zentrale gesellschaftliche Verteilungsprobleme analysiert die Studie historisch vergleichend Kommentare von Tageszeitungen unterschiedlicher politisch-ideologischer Ausrichtung. Im Fokus der Betrachtung stehen dabei zum einen Grundhaltungen zu sozialer Gerechtigkeit und zum anderen Argumentationsfiguren der Ungleichheitslegitimation.
Legitimierung von Stiftungen: Bedingungen von Transparenz und Multistakeholder Governance
by Clemens StriebingClemens Striebing arbeitet an den Beispielen von Transparenz und Multistakeholder Governance heraus, unter welchen Bedingungen Stiftungen gegenüber dem Gemeinwesen Rechenschaft für ihre Tätigkeit erbringen und wie effektiv diese Instrumente in der Praxis sind. Der Autor diskutiert die Rechenschafts-Problematik von Stiftungen sowie deren organisationssoziologische Einbettung. Die Arbeit zeigt, dass Stiftungsmanager und -gründer den Unterschied machen: Deren normative Erwägungen und institutionelle Logiken sind ausschlaggebender für das Erbringen freiwilliger Rechenschaft als ein strategisches Kalkül, bspw. um mehr Spenden einzuwerben, oder die Positionierung der Stiftung.
Legitimitätspraxis: Politikwissenschaftliche und soziologische Perspektiven
by Matthias Lemke Oliver Schwarz Toralf Stark Kristina WeissenbachDer Band analysiert Grundlegungen und Folgen der Erosion tradierter Legitimitätsmuster für die Steuerungsfähigkeit gesellschaftlicher und politischer Strukturen. Betroffen sind Institutionen und Akteure, die konstitutionell wie in der Erwartung der Bürgerinnen und Bürger Verantwortung für die Regierungspraxis tragen. Die Beiträge fokussieren Fragen nach der diskursiven Konstituierung von Legitimität ebenso wie komplexe Legitimationsprozesse in gesellschaftlichen und politischen Strukturen. Zudem kommen vielfältige Interaktionen politischer Organisationen, institutionalisierter Regelsysteme und individueller Akteure in den Blick.
The Legitimization of Violence
by David E. ApterViolence is a more and more ubiquitous phenomenon. While a great deal of attention has been paid to certain aspects, terrorism for example, it has not been studied as a political phenomenon in and of itself. In The Legitimization of Violence eight well-known specialists explore various types of violence, from ideological to fundamentalist movements, within a framework of comparative theory.
The Legitimization Strategy of the Taliban's Code of Conduct: Through the One-Way Mirror
by Yoshinobu NagamineWhat norms and principles guide the Afghan Taliban in their conduct of hostilities? The author focuses on the Layeha, a Code of Conduct issued by the highest Taliban authority. Interviews with Taliban members were conducted to understand their perception of the Layeha, which is modeled as a 'one-way mirror.'
Lehr(er)buch Soziologie: Für die pädagogischen und soziologischen Studiengänge (Band 2)
by Herbert WillemsWesentlicher Hintergrund dieses zweibändigen soziologischen Einführungswerks ist die Erfahrung, dass die Lehrerbildung an zahlreichen Hochschulen einen, wenn nicht den Schwerpunkt der soziologischen Lehrtätigkeit ausmacht, ohne dass dem seitens der Lehre und Lehrtexte ausreichend Rechnung getragen würde. Das 'Lehr(er)buch' soll daher entsprechend publikumsorientiert zentrale Grundbegriffe, theoretische Ansätze und Themenfelder der Mikro- und Makrosoziologie im Sinne eines einführenden Überblicks darstellen, und zwar im besonderen Bezug auf pädagogische Praxisfelder, zum Beispiel den Unterricht, und Bedingungen wie schichtspezifische Sozialisationsprozesse oder Adoleszenskrisen. Durch diese Ausrichtung ist das 'Lehr(er)buch' insbesondere für alle interessant, die soziologische Lehre für angehende Pädagogen betreiben oder sich als Studierende oder pädagogische 'Praktiker' soziologisch informieren wollen. Bei dem dargelegten Ensemble soziologischer Begriffs- und Wissensbestände handelt es sich aber bei aller spezifischen Rezipientenorientierung um eine Auswahl, die sich durchaus auch für eine publikumsunspezifische Einführung in die allgemeine Soziologie eignet. Eingeschlossen ist damit auch der Bereich der soziologischen Hauptfachausbildung, speziell der B.A.-Studiengang.