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The Development of Russian Environmental Thought: Scientific and Geographical Perspectives on the Natural Environment (Routledge Contemporary Russia and Eastern Europe Series)
by Jonathan Oldfield Denis J ShawThis book provides a comprehensive overview of the very rich thinking about environmental issues which has grown up in Russia since the nineteenth century, a body of knowledge and thought which is not well known to Western scholars and environmentalists. It shows how in the late nineteenth century there emerged in Russia distinct and strongly articulated representations of the earth’s physical systems within many branches of the natural sciences, representations which typically emphasised the completely integrated nature of natural systems. It stresses the importance in these developments of V V Dokuchaev who significantly advanced the field of soil science. It goes on to discuss how this distinctly Russian approach to the environment developed further through the work of geographers and other environmental scientists down to the late Soviet period.
The Development of Security and Whole Care System for the Aged in China
by Yanzhong WangThis book examines the process of population aging in China and its unique features, considers the social progress implied in China becoming a society with an aging population, and assesses the tremendous risks and challenges involved. Based on the development of pension security systems around the world, the book studies the status quo and future requirements of the Chinese pension security system from the perspectives of capital, service and spirit, and puts forwards a three-pillar pension security system that is in conformity with China’s current situation – and reflects the developmental trend that, in future, social security will likely transform from material security into comprehensive security. In addition, the book analyzes the Chinese pension security system. While integrating international perspectives, its main focus is on statistical analysis, combining theory with practice, and qualitative with quantitative analysis. As such, the book not only offers a “window” for the world on the status and evolution of China’s pension security system, but also an opportunity for international academic dialogues.
The Development of Sex Differences and Similarities in Behavior (NATO Science Series D: #73)
by M. Haug Richard E. Whalen C. Aron Kathie L. OlsenM. HAUG Universite Louis Pasteur, Laboratoire de Psychophysi%gie, URA 1295, 7, rue de /'Universite, 67000 Strasbourg, France This varied and impressive volume is a record of the major presentations at the NATO sponsored Advanced Research Workshop on The Development of Sex Differences and Similarities in Behaviour held at the Chateau de Bonas, Gers, France July 14-18, 1992. It is fitting that a meeting evaluating masculine and feminine 'characteristics' was located in the Gascony region immortalised in Alexandre Dumas epic, macho tale of The Three Musketeers. It is even more satisfying that Marc HAUG the French Director (a D' Artagnan equivalent) was ably assisted by a US/French Consortium of three co-Directors (Drs. Richard E. WHALEN, Claude ARON and Kathie L. OLSEN). The ARW also provided opportunities to explore the region around the Chateau, to appreciate the complex history of the area and to sample armagnac and other local gastronomic creations. A lively and varied cultural programme (classics to jazz) was also provided to maintain the interests and enthusiasms of the participants.
The Development of Siberia: People and Resources (pdf)
by Alan Wood Christian R. Thauer Helen Routledge R A French
Development of Small-scale Industries During the New Order Government in Indonesia (Routledge Revivals)
by Tulus Tahi TambunanThis title was first published in 2000: As in many other LDCs, in Indonesia small-scale industries (SSIs) are important, particularly with respect to the creation of employment opportunities. SSIs are expected to absorb many millions of workers who have been displaced by current economic crisis. This work seeks to explain the pattern of development of SSIs in Indonesia within a broader theoretical framework. It also deals with a number of SSI development-related aspects that in Indonesia so far have never or rarely been studied, such as the formation of strategic alliance, cluster development, and application of theories of flexible specialization to the LDCs. The book also tries to examine empirically the effects of the current economic crisis and to assess theoretically the likely impact of the full implementation of the agreed IMF reform package on SSI development in the country. Main problems faced by small producers and the government policy environment are highlighted through several detailed examples.
Development of Small-scale Industries During the New Order Government in Indonesia (Routledge Revivals)
by Tulus Tahi TambunanThis title was first published in 2000: As in many other LDCs, in Indonesia small-scale industries (SSIs) are important, particularly with respect to the creation of employment opportunities. SSIs are expected to absorb many millions of workers who have been displaced by current economic crisis. This work seeks to explain the pattern of development of SSIs in Indonesia within a broader theoretical framework. It also deals with a number of SSI development-related aspects that in Indonesia so far have never or rarely been studied, such as the formation of strategic alliance, cluster development, and application of theories of flexible specialization to the LDCs. The book also tries to examine empirically the effects of the current economic crisis and to assess theoretically the likely impact of the full implementation of the agreed IMF reform package on SSI development in the country. Main problems faced by small producers and the government policy environment are highlighted through several detailed examples.
The Development of Soviet Folkloristics (Routledge Library Editions: Folklore)
by Dana Prescott HowellCrucial to the world history of folkloristics is this key study, first published in 1992, of the development of folklore study in the Soviet Union. Nowhere else has political ideology been so heavily involved with folklore scholarship. Professor Howell has examined in depth the institutional development of folkloristics in the Soviet Union in the first half of the twentieth century, concentrating especially upon the transition from pre-revolutionary Russian to Soviet Marxist folkloristics. The study of folklore moved from narrator studies to the description of the relationship of lore to larger contexts of social groups and social classes. Showing an exceptional knowledge of Russian, political theory and folkloristics, Dana Howell provides a valuable window into the rise of folkloristics in a country undergoing almost unprecedented changes in social and political conditions.
The Development of Soviet Folkloristics (Routledge Library Editions: Folklore)
by Dana Prescott HowellCrucial to the world history of folkloristics is this key study, first published in 1992, of the development of folklore study in the Soviet Union. Nowhere else has political ideology been so heavily involved with folklore scholarship. Professor Howell has examined in depth the institutional development of folkloristics in the Soviet Union in the first half of the twentieth century, concentrating especially upon the transition from pre-revolutionary Russian to Soviet Marxist folkloristics. The study of folklore moved from narrator studies to the description of the relationship of lore to larger contexts of social groups and social classes. Showing an exceptional knowledge of Russian, political theory and folkloristics, Dana Howell provides a valuable window into the rise of folkloristics in a country undergoing almost unprecedented changes in social and political conditions.
The Development of the Alternative Black Curriculum, 1890–1940: Countering The Master Narrative
by Alana D. MurrayThis book examines black intellectual thought during from 1890-1940, and its relationship to the development of the alternative black curriculum in social studies. Inquiry into the alternative black curriculum is a multi-disciplinary project; it requires an intersectional approach that draws on social studies research, educational history and black history. Exploring the gendered construction of the alternative black curriculum, Murray considers the impact of Carter G. Woodson and W.E.B. DuBois in creating the alternative black curriculum in social studies, and its subsequent relationship to the work of black women in the field and how black women developed the alternative black curriculum in private and public settings.
The Development of the Alternative Black Curriculum, 1890–1940: Countering The Master Narrative (PDF)
by Alana D. MurrayThis book examines black intellectual thought during from 1890-1940, and its relationship to the development of the alternative black curriculum in social studies. Inquiry into the alternative black curriculum is a multi-disciplinary project; it requires an intersectional approach that draws on social studies research, educational history and black history. Exploring the gendered construction of the alternative black curriculum, Murray considers the impact of Carter G. Woodson and W.E.B. DuBois in creating the alternative black curriculum in social studies, and its subsequent relationship to the work of black women in the field and how black women developed the alternative black curriculum in private and public settings.
The Development Of The Chinese Collection In The Library Of Congress
by Shu Chao HuThis is the first comprehensive and in-depth study of the Chinese collection in the Library of Congress, the largest collection of its kind in the Western world. Started in 1869 with some 950 books received in the first exhange of publications between the United States and China, the collection has grown so steadily that in 1977 it numbered more than 430,000 volumes, including 2,000 rare Chinese items, some of which were printed in A.D. 975. In this primarily historical study, Professor Hu examines the social, cultural, and political forces that led to the development and growth of the collection, the acquisitions policies followed, and the sources of personal and financial support found within and outside the Library of Congress. He also explores the methods by which the library has built up several strong areas in the collection, particularly those of Chinese gazetteers, or local histories; ts’ung-shu, or collections of reprints; and rare works.
The Development Of The Chinese Collection In The Library Of Congress
by Shu Chao HuThis is the first comprehensive and in-depth study of the Chinese collection in the Library of Congress, the largest collection of its kind in the Western world. Started in 1869 with some 950 books received in the first exhange of publications between the United States and China, the collection has grown so steadily that in 1977 it numbered more than 430,000 volumes, including 2,000 rare Chinese items, some of which were printed in A.D. 975. In this primarily historical study, Professor Hu examines the social, cultural, and political forces that led to the development and growth of the collection, the acquisitions policies followed, and the sources of personal and financial support found within and outside the Library of Congress. He also explores the methods by which the library has built up several strong areas in the collection, particularly those of Chinese gazetteers, or local histories; ts’ung-shu, or collections of reprints; and rare works.
The Development of the Hotel and Tourism Industry in the Twentieth Century: Comparative Perspectives from Western Europe, 1900–1970 (Palgrave Studies in Economic History)
by Carlos Larrinaga Donatella StrangioThis edited collection explores the pivotal role of the hotel industry in building Western Europe’s tourism economy during the 20th century. The book brings together ten contributions focused on the same period, 1900-1970, to offer comparative perspectives from across the region including Italy, Switzerland, France, Spain and Britain. Drawing on historical case studies, chapters illuminate the different factors linking hotels and the broader tourism system including interventions of the public authorities and the State, the importance of private involvement, commercial strategies, the medium-term development of private hotels, hotel entrepreneurship, and the impact of economic crises and wars. By placing differing national approaches taken to the growth of the hotel industry in comparison, the book aims to fill a gap in the historiography of European hospitality and shed light on the wider impact of hotels and tourism on economic development at both a national and regional level. It will be of interest to a range of scholars, including in economic and business history, tourism studies, the history of tourism management, and social history.
The Development of the International Book Trade, 1870-1895: Tangled Networks
by A. RukavinaAn international trade emerged between 1870-1895 that incorporated the circulation of books among countries worldwide. A history of the social network and select agents who sold and distributed books overseas, this study demonstrates agents increasingly thought of the world as a negotiable, connected system and books as transnational commodities.
The Development of the Irish Town
by R. A. ButlinOriginally published in 1977, and now with an updated new Preface, this volume covers the question of Irish urban origins in the pre-Norman period, the character and development of the medieval towns, the changing forms and functions of towns and cities in the early modern period. It also examines the substantial changes in size and form effected by population growth and town planning in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Ireland’s urban history is unique and particularly interesting for the way it contrasts with developments in the urban history of western Europe. Unlike most west European regions, it was not colonised by the Romans.
The Development of the Irish Town
by R. A. ButlinOriginally published in 1977, and now with an updated new Preface, this volume covers the question of Irish urban origins in the pre-Norman period, the character and development of the medieval towns, the changing forms and functions of towns and cities in the early modern period. It also examines the substantial changes in size and form effected by population growth and town planning in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Ireland’s urban history is unique and particularly interesting for the way it contrasts with developments in the urban history of western Europe. Unlike most west European regions, it was not colonised by the Romans.
Development of the Settlement Network in the Central European Countries: Past, Present, and Future
by Tamás Csapó and András BaloghThis volume intends to summarize the most important changes in the Central European countries and their settlement network emphasizing the last 20 years since the collapse of the Iron Curtain.
The Development of Transnational Policing: Past, Present and Future (Routledge Frontiers of Criminal Justice)
by John L. M. McDaniel Karlie E. Stonard David J. CoxThis book draws together the insights of eminent academics and specialists to present an overview of past and present approaches to transnational policing throughout the Anglophone world. It aims to revitalize the study of transnational policing by showing that past and present developments in this field remain poorly understood, while also suggesting future avenues of research. Containing chapters on police history, police accountability, gendered hate crime in an increasingly online world, counter-radicalisation strategies being pursued around the world, internet-facilitated sex trafficking and changes in organised crime, amongst others, the authors adopt revisionist, orthodox and progressive views in order to challenge our understanding and appreciation of developments in transnational policing. All of the chapters in the book use policing models employed within the UK as either their focal point or as a point of comparison so that direct comparisons and contrasts can be examined. The Development of Transnational Policing illustrates distinctive and separate aspects of what remains an undoubtedly complex and dynamic field, but also forms an overview of developments and the dearth of academic research which surround them, in order hopefully to inspire researchers, policymakers and practitioners alike.
The Development of Transnational Policing: Past, Present and Future (Routledge Frontiers of Criminal Justice)
by John L. M. McDaniel Karlie E. Stonard David J. CoxThis book draws together the insights of eminent academics and specialists to present an overview of past and present approaches to transnational policing throughout the Anglophone world. It aims to revitalize the study of transnational policing by showing that past and present developments in this field remain poorly understood, while also suggesting future avenues of research. Containing chapters on police history, police accountability, gendered hate crime in an increasingly online world, counter-radicalisation strategies being pursued around the world, internet-facilitated sex trafficking and changes in organised crime, amongst others, the authors adopt revisionist, orthodox and progressive views in order to challenge our understanding and appreciation of developments in transnational policing. All of the chapters in the book use policing models employed within the UK as either their focal point or as a point of comparison so that direct comparisons and contrasts can be examined. The Development of Transnational Policing illustrates distinctive and separate aspects of what remains an undoubtedly complex and dynamic field, but also forms an overview of developments and the dearth of academic research which surround them, in order hopefully to inspire researchers, policymakers and practitioners alike.
The Development of Yoruba Candomble Communities in Salvador, Bahia, 1835-1986 (Afro-Latin@ Diasporas)
by M. Alonso Norman K SmithThis project is an attempt to bring together the many fragments of history concerning the Yoruba religious community and their rise to prominence in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil, from the mid-nineteenth to the late-twentieth centuries.
Development Organizations
by Rebecca SchaafContinuing debates over the meaning of development and awareness of the persistence of poverty have resulted in increasing concern over how to ‘do’ development. There are growing numbers of development organizations, undertaking different activities, at different scales, with different motivations, and differing levels of success. It is necessary to identify and evaluate these varied organizations, in order to recognize their successes and failures. Development Organizations is the first introductory text to focus specifically on the variety of organizations involved in development policy and practice. It explores the range and role of organizations, including community-based organizations and civil society actors, international non-governmental organizations, state and other national-based actors, global forms of governance, international financial institutions and transnational corporations. The historical and contemporary role of each of these actors is considered, with analysis of complex theoretical debates surrounding their existence and their activities. The book also explores the political and contested nature of development activities promoted by these organizations, and their effects on society, the economy and the environment. These issues are also considered in context of the Millennium Development Goals; the agenda which currently impacts on the operation and outcomes of the broad range of development organizations. This invaluable text is richly complimented throughout with case studies to help illustrate the operations of development organizations; from the impact of multinational oil companies in the Niger delta to the impact of IMF reforms in Latin America and the Caribbean. This clearly written and user friendly text contains a wealth of features to assist student learning, including start of chapter learning outcomes, and end of chapter summaries, discussion topics, and suggestions for further reading and relevant websites.
Development Organizations
by Rebecca SchaafContinuing debates over the meaning of development and awareness of the persistence of poverty have resulted in increasing concern over how to ‘do’ development. There are growing numbers of development organizations, undertaking different activities, at different scales, with different motivations, and differing levels of success. It is necessary to identify and evaluate these varied organizations, in order to recognize their successes and failures. Development Organizations is the first introductory text to focus specifically on the variety of organizations involved in development policy and practice. It explores the range and role of organizations, including community-based organizations and civil society actors, international non-governmental organizations, state and other national-based actors, global forms of governance, international financial institutions and transnational corporations. The historical and contemporary role of each of these actors is considered, with analysis of complex theoretical debates surrounding their existence and their activities. The book also explores the political and contested nature of development activities promoted by these organizations, and their effects on society, the economy and the environment. These issues are also considered in context of the Millennium Development Goals; the agenda which currently impacts on the operation and outcomes of the broad range of development organizations. This invaluable text is richly complimented throughout with case studies to help illustrate the operations of development organizations; from the impact of multinational oil companies in the Niger delta to the impact of IMF reforms in Latin America and the Caribbean. This clearly written and user friendly text contains a wealth of features to assist student learning, including start of chapter learning outcomes, and end of chapter summaries, discussion topics, and suggestions for further reading and relevant websites.
Development-Oriented Corporate Social Responsibility: Multinational Corporations and the Global Context
by Michael Blowfield Charlotte Karam Dima JamaliGlobalization and the professionalization of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) have led to a surge of CSR activities claiming to support development across the globe. In this two volume series, the chapters explore this claim through nuanced debate about the potentialities, limitations and threats of development-oriented CSR in the developing world at both the global and local levels. Volume 1 explores whether there is a genuine possibility for corporations to contribute to development through CSR activities. With corporate reach spreading into every corner of the globe, this is a timely contribution presenting cases from developing countries spanning multiple continents. It explores the multi-level and multi-stakeholder dynamics involved in shaping the complex interface between multinational corporations (MNCs) and possibilities for CSR-related development. The chapters highlight the potential for MNCs to spread best practice and complement the role of governments in bridging governance gaps and spearheading capacity building efforts. But they also highlights serious reservations, stemming from isolated assessments, limited appreciation of the complexities of context, and the permeation of a northern agenda that marginalizes local voices.Within the larger debate on the merits and evils of globalization, this volume captures the mixed record of MNCs in promoting effective development in those parts of the world where it is most needed. This important series will be the reference source for academics, practitioners, policy-makers and NGOs involved in development-oriented CSR.
Development-Oriented Corporate Social Responsibility: Multinational Corporations and the Global Context
by Michael Blowfield Charlotte Karam Dima JamaliGlobalization and the professionalization of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) have led to a surge of CSR activities claiming to support development across the globe. In this two volume series, the chapters explore this claim through nuanced debate about the potentialities, limitations and threats of development-oriented CSR in the developing world at both the global and local levels. Volume 1 explores whether there is a genuine possibility for corporations to contribute to development through CSR activities. With corporate reach spreading into every corner of the globe, this is a timely contribution presenting cases from developing countries spanning multiple continents. It explores the multi-level and multi-stakeholder dynamics involved in shaping the complex interface between multinational corporations (MNCs) and possibilities for CSR-related development. The chapters highlight the potential for MNCs to spread best practice and complement the role of governments in bridging governance gaps and spearheading capacity building efforts. But they also highlights serious reservations, stemming from isolated assessments, limited appreciation of the complexities of context, and the permeation of a northern agenda that marginalizes local voices.Within the larger debate on the merits and evils of globalization, this volume captures the mixed record of MNCs in promoting effective development in those parts of the world where it is most needed. This important series will be the reference source for academics, practitioners, policy-makers and NGOs involved in development-oriented CSR.