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Coping with the Complexity of Economics (New Economic Windows)
by Marisa Faggini Thomas LuxThroughout the history of economics, a variety of analytical tools have been borrowed from the so-called exact sciences. As Schoe?er (1955) puts it: “They have taken their mathematics and their ded- tive techniques from physics, their statistics from genetics and agr- omy, their systems of classi?cation from taxonomy and chemistry, their model-construction techniques from astronomy and mechanics, and their methods of analysis of the consequences of actions from en- neering”. The possibility of similarities of structure in mathematical models of economic and physical systems has been an important f- tor in the development of neoclassical theory. To treat the state of an economy as an equilibrium, analogous to the equilibrium of a mech- ical system has been a key concept in economics ever since it became a mathematically formalized science. Adopting a Newtonian paradigm neoclassical economics often is based on three fundamental concepts. Firstly, the representative agent who is a scale model of the whole society with extraordinary capacities, particularly concerning her - pability of information processing and computation. Of course, this is a problematic reduction as agents are both heterogeneous and bou- edly rational and limited in their cognitive capabilities. Secondly, it often con?ned itself to study systems in a state of equilibrium. But this concept is not adequate to describe and to support phenomena in perpetual motion.
Coping with the Future: Rethinking Assumptions for Society, Business and Work
by Hans Christian Garmann Johnsen Halvor Holtskog Richard EnnalsCoping with the Future has been written in response to widespread international awareness that the future is not predictable. In political and economic terms, we are in unknown territory, with daily developments around Brexit and the Trump Presidency, and "Kodak moments" in business. On the other hand, business leaders demand certainty, which is not available. This book redefines the nature of modern business. In contrast to recent trends, it has a focus on human-centred manufacturing and on decision-making which goes beyond a focus on short-term profit. The liberal capitalism of the USA and the UK is not the only current variety of capitalism. Business is not just about managers, but requires participation and engagement by workers. Since the financial crash of 2008, there has been much talk about the need for fresh approaches to business, but little has changed. This book pulls together current research and practice and poses new questions based on case studies. There is no one simple best way, but an uncertain future can be addressed, drawing on diverse past experience and cases. The book addresses an intended audience in business and universities, including business schools, around the world. The debate takes a broader approach, involving research in the social sciences and approaches from philosophy. The world has always been unpredictable, but we have allowed ourselves to be comforted by convenient myths. It is time to wake up.
Coping with the Future: Rethinking Assumptions for Society, Business and Work
by Hans Christian Garmann Johnsen Halvor Holtskog Richard EnnalsCoping with the Future has been written in response to widespread international awareness that the future is not predictable. In political and economic terms, we are in unknown territory, with daily developments around Brexit and the Trump Presidency, and "Kodak moments" in business. On the other hand, business leaders demand certainty, which is not available. This book redefines the nature of modern business. In contrast to recent trends, it has a focus on human-centred manufacturing and on decision-making which goes beyond a focus on short-term profit. The liberal capitalism of the USA and the UK is not the only current variety of capitalism. Business is not just about managers, but requires participation and engagement by workers. Since the financial crash of 2008, there has been much talk about the need for fresh approaches to business, but little has changed. This book pulls together current research and practice and poses new questions based on case studies. There is no one simple best way, but an uncertain future can be addressed, drawing on diverse past experience and cases. The book addresses an intended audience in business and universities, including business schools, around the world. The debate takes a broader approach, involving research in the social sciences and approaches from philosophy. The world has always been unpredictable, but we have allowed ourselves to be comforted by convenient myths. It is time to wake up.
Coping with the Pandemic in Fragile Cities (SpringerBriefs in Applied Sciences and Technology)
by Gabriele PasquiThis book explores the effects of covid-19 crisis on cities and urban areas and proposes approaches and solutions to invert the pandemic's negative impact. The covid-19 crisis has had significant impacts on public health, on the everyday lives of millions of people, and on the use of urban spaces at all levels. All over the world, cities have been at the forefront of a crisis that have worsened socio-spatial inequalities between regions and inside urban areas. The book examines three aspects of the connection between pandemic and urban issues: the relevance of spatial and territorial variables in the explanation of pandemic dynamics and consequences in fragile cities; the assumption of radical uncertainty as the conceptual framework for a new approach to urban planning, in a phase of raise of public investments; and the design of urban policies aimed at facing the material and symbolic effects of pandemic on the practices of use of spaces and places, in a context characterized by a plurality of populations and forms of life.
Coping with Trade Reforms: A Developing Country Perspective on the WTO Industrial Tariff Negotiations
by S. Laird S. Fernández De Córdoba Santiago Fernández De CórdobaThis book gauges possible development implications of current WTO trade negotiations by examining various proposals and assessing their likely economic impact. The experiences of a number of countries at different levels of development and across various regions are examined to ascertain the impact of their trade reforms.
Coping with Uncertainty: Robust Solutions (Lecture Notes in Economics and Mathematical Systems #633)
by Kurt Marti Yuri Ermoliev Marek MakowskiSupport for addressing the on-going global changes needs solutions for new scientific problems which in turn require new concepts and tools. A key issue concerns a vast variety of irreducible uncertainties, including extreme events of high multidimensional consequences, e.g., the climate change. The dilemma is concerned with enormous costs versus massive uncertainties of extreme impacts. Traditional scientific approaches rely on real observations and experiments. Yet no sufficient observations exist for new problems, and "pure" experiments, and learning by doing may be expensive, dangerous, or impossible. In addition, the available historical observations are often contaminated by past actions, and policies. Thus, tools are presented for the explicit treatment of uncertainties using "synthetic" information composed of available "hard" data from historical observations, the results of possible experiments, and scientific facts, as well as "soft" data from experts' opinions, and scenarios.
Coping with Uncertainty: Modeling and Policy Issues (Lecture Notes in Economics and Mathematical Systems #581)
by Kurt Marti Yuri Ermoliev Marek Makowski Georg PflugOngoing global changes pose fundamentally new scientific problems requiring new concepts and tools. A key issue concerns a vast variety of practically irreducible uncertainties, which challenge traditional models and require new concepts and analytical tools. Uncertainty can dominate, as in the climate change debates. Increasing the resolution of models does not always yield sufficient certainty. This book presents much-needed new tools for modeling and management of uncertainty.
Coping with Water Deficiency: From Research to Policymaking (Environment & Policy #48)
by Phoebe KoundouriResearch results discussed in this book demonstrate that effective water management tools and decision-making practices are needed to support interventions to increase availability and manage demand for scarce water supplies. Furthermore, the book bridges the gap between ideas and actions endorsed in the research-oriented environmental debate and their translation into policymaking structures and programs in developed and developing countries.
Copper Empire: Mining and the Colonial State in Northern Rhodesia, c.1930-64 (Cambridge Imperial and Post-Colonial Studies)
by Larry ButlerThis is a study of the evolving relationship between the British colonial state and the copper mining industry in Northern Rhodesia, from the early stages of development to decolonization, encompassing depression, wartime mobilization and fundamental changes in the nature and context of colonial rule.
Copula-Based Markov Models for Time Series: Parametric Inference and Process Control (SpringerBriefs in Statistics)
by Li-Hsien Sun Xin-Wei Huang Mohammed S. Alqawba Jong-Min Kim Takeshi EmuraThis book provides statistical methodologies for time series data, focusing on copula-based Markov chain models for serially correlated time series. It also includes data examples from economics, engineering, finance, sport and other disciplines to illustrate the methods presented. An accessible textbook for students in the fields of economics, management, mathematics, statistics, and related fields wanting to gain insights into the statistical analysis of time series data using copulas, the book also features stand-alone chapters to appeal to researchers. As the subtitle suggests, the book highlights parametric models based on normal distribution, t-distribution, normal mixture distribution, Poisson distribution, and others. Presenting likelihood-based methods as the main statistical tools for fitting the models, the book details the development of computing techniques to find the maximum likelihood estimator. It also addresses statistical process control, as well as Bayesian and regression methods. Lastly, to help readers analyze their data, it provides computer codes (R codes) for most of the statistical methods.
Copula Methods in Finance (The Wiley Finance Series)
by Umberto Cherubini Elisa Luciano Walter VecchiatoCopula Methods in Finance is the first book to address the mathematics of copula functions illustrated with finance applications. It explains copulas by means of applications to major topics in derivative pricing and credit risk analysis. Examples include pricing of the main exotic derivatives (barrier, basket, rainbow options) as well as risk management issues. Particular focus is given to the pricing of asset-backed securities and basket credit derivative products and the evaluation of counterparty risk in derivative transactions.
Copula Theory and Its Applications: Proceedings of the Workshop Held in Warsaw, 25-26 September 2009 (Lecture Notes in Statistics #198)
by Piotr Jaworski Fabrizio Durante Wolfgang Karl Härdle Tomasz RychlikCopulas are mathematical objects that fully capture the dependence structure among random variables and hence offer great flexibility in building multivariate stochastic models. Since their introduction in the early 50's, copulas have gained considerable popularity in several fields of applied mathematics, such as finance, insurance and reliability theory. Today, they represent a well-recognized tool for market and credit models, aggregation of risks, portfolio selection, etc. This book is divided into two main parts: Part I - "Surveys" contains 11 chapters that provide an up-to-date account of essential aspects of copula models. Part II - "Contributions" collects the extended versions of 6 talks selected from papers presented at the workshop in Warsaw.
Copulae in Mathematical and Quantitative Finance: Proceedings of the Workshop Held in Cracow, 10-11 July 2012 (Lecture Notes in Statistics #213)
by Piotr Jaworski, Fabrizio Durante and Wolfgang Karl HärdleCopulas are mathematical objects that fully capture the dependence structure among random variables and hence offer great flexibility in building multivariate stochastic models. Since their introduction in the early 1950s, copulas have gained considerable popularity in several fields of applied mathematics, especially finance and insurance. Today, copulas represent a well-recognized tool for market and credit models, aggregation of risks, and portfolio selection. Historically, the Gaussian copula model has been one of the most common models in credit risk. However, the recent financial crisis has underlined its limitations and drawbacks. In fact, despite their simplicity, Gaussian copula models severely underestimate the risk of the occurrence of joint extreme events. Recent theoretical investigations have put new tools for detecting and estimating dependence and risk (like tail dependence, time-varying models, etc) in the spotlight. All such investigations need to be further developed and promoted, a goal this book pursues. The book includes surveys that provide an up-to-date account of essential aspects of copula models in quantitative finance, as well as the extended versions of talks selected from papers presented at the workshop in Cracow.
Copulas and Dependence Models with Applications: Contributions in Honor of Roger B. Nelsen
by Manuel Úbeda Flores Enrique de Amo Artero Fabrizio Durante Juan Fernández SánchezThis book presents contributions and review articles on the theory of copulas and their applications. The authoritative and refereed contributions review the latest findings in the area with emphasis on “classical” topics like distributions with fixed marginals, measures of association, construction of copulas with given additional information, etc. The book celebrates the 75th birthday of Professor Roger B. Nelsen and his outstanding contribution to the development of copula theory. Most of the book’s contributions were presented at the conference “Copulas and Their Applications” held in his honor in Almería, Spain, July 3-5, 2017.The chapter 'When Gumbel met Galambos' is published open access under a CC BY 4.0 license.
Copy, Copy, Copy: How to Do Smarter Marketing by Using Other People's Ideas
by Mark EarlsTHE #1 HACK FOR SMARTER MARKETINGWe all want new answers and new solutions for the very real and pressing challenges that our organizations face. New things to point to and talk about, new ways of working and new ways of thinking that might just be better than the old ways. But rather than this endless search for a brilliant and novel solution, why don't you just copy something that’s worked before? Mark Earls, leading expert in marketing and consumer behaviour, quashes the stigma around copying, and shows that it can help us to rethink how we go about solving problems. By understanding what other people are doing and the choices they make, we can develop strategies to solve the challenges that we face inside and outside the organization.Based on extensive research and proven examples, Copy, Copy, Copy provides over 50 strategies that you can use right away to copy, borrow or steal as the basis for better ideas – faster. If it’s good enough for Elvis, Newton, Shakespeare, The British Olympic Cycling Team and Great Ormond Street Hospital, isn’t it good enough for you? ‘This delightful book argues convincingly that transferring ideas usually produces greater value than cooking them up from scratch. And then shows you how.’ — Rory Sutherland, Vice Chairman, Ogilvy London and the Spectator Magazine’s Wikiman ‘Yet another entertaining handbook from the acclaimed Herdmeister for anyone involved in marketing, behavioural change and understanding why we all make the choices we make. Earls convincingly disrupts convention about what is innovation – though "praxis". This is jammed with great case studies and 52 actionable strategies.’ — Stephen Maher, Chairman, The Marketing Society and CEO, MBA ‘Yet again this leading British business thinker has got us to see the world we inhabit today in fresh and mind-altering ways. A book which marries theory and practice better than the vast majority out there. Most of all his message of copying one’s way to greatness is entertaining, counter-intuitive and fun.’ — David Abraham, CEO Channel 4 PLC
Copy, Copy, Copy: How to Do Smarter Marketing by Using Other People's Ideas
by Mark EarlsTHE #1 HACK FOR SMARTER MARKETINGWe all want new answers and new solutions for the very real and pressing challenges that our organizations face. New things to point to and talk about, new ways of working and new ways of thinking that might just be better than the old ways. But rather than this endless search for a brilliant and novel solution, why don't you just copy something that’s worked before? Mark Earls, leading expert in marketing and consumer behaviour, quashes the stigma around copying, and shows that it can help us to rethink how we go about solving problems. By understanding what other people are doing and the choices they make, we can develop strategies to solve the challenges that we face inside and outside the organization.Based on extensive research and proven examples, Copy, Copy, Copy provides over 50 strategies that you can use right away to copy, borrow or steal as the basis for better ideas – faster. If it’s good enough for Elvis, Newton, Shakespeare, The British Olympic Cycling Team and Great Ormond Street Hospital, isn’t it good enough for you? ‘This delightful book argues convincingly that transferring ideas usually produces greater value than cooking them up from scratch. And then shows you how.’ — Rory Sutherland, Vice Chairman, Ogilvy London and the Spectator Magazine’s Wikiman ‘Yet another entertaining handbook from the acclaimed Herdmeister for anyone involved in marketing, behavioural change and understanding why we all make the choices we make. Earls convincingly disrupts convention about what is innovation – though "praxis". This is jammed with great case studies and 52 actionable strategies.’ — Stephen Maher, Chairman, The Marketing Society and CEO, MBA ‘Yet again this leading British business thinker has got us to see the world we inhabit today in fresh and mind-altering ways. A book which marries theory and practice better than the vast majority out there. Most of all his message of copying one’s way to greatness is entertaining, counter-intuitive and fun.’ — David Abraham, CEO Channel 4 PLC
Copy This Book!: What Data Tells Us about Copyright and the Public Good
by Paul J. HealdIn Copy This Book!, Paul J. Heald draws on a vast knowledge of copyright scholarship and a deep sense of irony to explain what's gone wrong with copyright in the twenty-first century. Distilling extensive empirical data to clearly show the implications of copyright laws and doctrine for public welfare, he illustrates his findings with lighthearted references to familiar (and obscure) works and their creators (and sometimes their creators' oddball relations). Among the questions he tackles: How does copyright deter composers from writing new songs? Why are so many famous photographs unprotected orphans, and how does Getty Images get away with licensing them? What can the use of music in movies tell us about the proper length of the copyright term? How do publishers get away with claiming rights in public domain works and extracting unmerited royalties from the public? Heald translates piles of data, complex laws, and mysterious economics, equipping readers with the tools for judging past and future copyright law.
Copy This Idea: Kick-start Your Way to Making Big Money from Your Laptop at Home, on the Beach, or Anywhere you Choose
by Andrew ReynoldsCOPY AN ORDINARY GUY WHO USED THIS PROVEN MONEY-MAKING SYSTEM TO BANK £50 MILLION! Have you ever dreamed of escaping the 9-5 rat race? Of working part time at home just a few hours a week, yet making more money in a month than you make in a whole year now? Of starting on a shoestring and going on to bank your first £million? Of having the freedom and the money to live the life you truly want and deserve? Follow in the footsteps of this ordinary down-to-earth guy who actually did just that! He gave up his job and starting in from his spare room at home, became a multi-millionaire despite having never done anything like this before. Now for the first time, in this book, he will show you how you can copy his proven money making system. You will even receive a free DVD set to help you along the way! “AMAZING. I buy something for £6, just like he showed me, and sell it for £197…working from my kitchen table at home. Even though I’d never done anything like this in my life, I have pulled in over £1million so far.” Andrew Reynolds’ student.
Copy This Idea: Kick-start Your Way to Making Big Money from Your Laptop at Home, on the Beach, or Anywhere you Choose
by Andrew ReynoldsCOPY AN ORDINARY GUY WHO USED THIS PROVEN MONEY-MAKING SYSTEM TO BANK £50 MILLION! Have you ever dreamed of escaping the 9-5 rat race? Of working part time at home just a few hours a week, yet making more money in a month than you make in a whole year now? Of starting on a shoestring and going on to bank your first £million? Of having the freedom and the money to live the life you truly want and deserve? Follow in the footsteps of this ordinary down-to-earth guy who actually did just that! He gave up his job and starting in from his spare room at home, became a multi-millionaire despite having never done anything like this before. Now for the first time, in this book, he will show you how you can copy his proven money making system. You will even receive a free DVD set to help you along the way! “AMAZING. I buy something for £6, just like he showed me, and sell it for £197…working from my kitchen table at home. Even though I’d never done anything like this in my life, I have pulled in over £1million so far.” Andrew Reynolds’ student.
Copycats and Contrarians: Why We Follow Others... and When We Don't
by Michelle BaddeleyA multidisciplinary exploration of our human inclination to herd and why our instinct to copy others can be dangerous in today’s interlinked world Rioting teenagers, tumbling stock markets, and the spread of religious terrorism appear to have little in common, but all are driven by the same basic instincts: the tendency to herd, follow, and imitate others. In today’s interconnected world, group choices all too often seem maladaptive. With unprecedented speed, information flashes across the globe and drives rapid shifts in group opinion. Adverse results can include speculative economic bubbles, irrational denigration of scientists and other experts, seismic political reversals, and more. Drawing on insights from across the social, behavioral, and natural sciences, Michelle Baddeley explores contexts in which behavior is driven by the herd. She analyzes the rational vs. nonrational and cognitive vs. emotional forces involved, and she investigates why herding only sometimes works out well. With new perspectives on followers, leaders, and the pros and cons of herd behavior, Baddeley shines vivid light on human behavior in the context of our ever-more-connected world.
Copyright: What Everyone Needs to Know® (What Everyone Needs To Know®)
by Neil Weinstock NetanelCopyright law was once an esoteric backwater, the special province of professional authors, publishers, and media companies. This is no longer the case. In the age of social media and cloud storage, we have become a copying and sharing culture. Much of our everyday communication, work, and entertainment now directly involves copyright law. Copyright law and policy are ferociously contested. Record labels, movie studios, book publishers, newspapers, and many authors rage that those who share music, video, text, and images over the Internet are "stealing" their property. By contrast, copyright industry critics celebrate digital technology's potential to make the universe of movies, music, books, and art accessible anytime and anywhere - and to empower individuals the world over to express themselves by sharing and remixing those works. These critics argue that excessive copyright enforcement threatens that promise and stifles creativity. In Copyright: What Everyone Needs to Know®, Neil Netanel explains the concepts needed to understand the heated debates about copyright law and policy. He identifies the combatants, unpacks their arguments, and illuminates what is at stake in the debates over copyright's present and future.
Copyright and Popular Media: Liberal Villains and Technological Change
by T. CvetkovskiCopyright governance is in a state of flux because the boundaries between legal and illegal consumption have blurred. Trajce Cvetkovski interrogates the disorganizational effects of piracy and emerging technologies on the political economy of copyright in popular music, film and gaming industries.
Copyright Collective Administration in Nigeria: Lessons for Africa (SpringerBriefs in Law)
by Olukunle OlaThis work explores the operation and regulation of copyright collective management in Nigeria. The nexus between creativity and copyright and how creativity has played a pivotal role in development is explained. The need to balance the interests of authors and users is discussed and the societies representing the interest of copyright owners are illustrated.Further, Nigeria’s legal framework for collective management is enunciated from a pre-independence and post-independence perspective. In the course of this regulatory challenges encountered in the administration of collective management organizations, steps so far taken to address the problems, legislative reforms and judicial decisions are discussed.A path to the new regime is chartered. The South African Copyright collective management system is explored and a comparison between the Nigerian and South African system is made. Thereby the need for supervisory and regulatory agencies of government is shown to seek the national interest regarding the collective administration of copyright and related rights. Then, suggestions for improvement and lessons for Africa are provided.
Copyright in the Music Industry: A Practical Guide to Exploiting and Enforcing Rights (Elgar Practical Guides)
by Hayleigh BosherThis must-have book is a comprehensive yet accessible guide to copyright and related rights in the music industry. It provides clear and concise instruction on how copyright works in practice and how it applies to music specifically, as well as covering how to manage, utilise and enforce copyright, what infringement looks like and how to avoid it. The book illustrates this with relevant cases and real world examples, including practical, step-by-step guidance for stakeholders of all types. It also signposts the future of copyright in the music industry through an examination of new technologies such as artificial intelligence and blockchain. Key features include: • An engaging and approachable writing style • A practical orientation for those in the industry and their advisors • The impact of social media on copyright infringement, management and remedies • Accessible explanations of key concepts in copyright and related rights, as well as commonly misunderstood topics such as sampling and fair use. Musicians, producers, copyright holders and others working in the music industry will find this an indispensable and easy-to-use resource for navigating all aspects of music copyright. It will also be of interest to academics and students of copyright law for its discussion of contemporary issues such as technology and enforcement.
Copyright Versus Open Access: On the Organisation and International Political Economy of Access to Scientific Knowledge (International Law and Economics)
by Marc ScheufenThis book addresses the recent debate about copyright law and its impact on the distribution of scientific knowledge from an economic perspective. The focus is on the question whether a copyright regime or an open access regime is better suited to the norms and organizational structure in a purely global science community. The book undertakes a thorough economic analysis of the academic journal market and showcases consequences of a regime change. It also takes account of the Digital Divide debate, reflecting issues in developing countries. Finally, a comprehensive analysis of legal action in the light of international Intellectual Property (IP) agreements offers prospects on the future of academic publishing.