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Intellectual Disability and Social Policies of Inclusion: Invading Consciousness without Permeability
by David P. TreanorThis book explores why, after forty years of funded policies of social inclusion, persons living with an intellectual disability are still separated from the social fabric of neoliberal societies. David Treanor shows how the nature of the reform process is driven unnecessarily by the economic neoliberal paradigm, the cultural misconceptions of intellectual disability, and the inattention accorded to personal relationships between persons living with and without an intellectual disability. Treanor utilizes John Macmurray’s personalist philosophy, Julia Kristeva’s ontology of disability and Michele Foucault’s concept of bio-power to explain this phenomenon. The concepts in this book challenge current approaches to social inclusion and have radical implications for future practices.
Family, School, and Community Partnerships for Students with Disabilities (Advancing Inclusive and Special Education in the Asia-Pacific)
by Lusa Lo Yaoying XuThis book presents a collection of research-based, effective, and culturally responsive practices that are used in schools and communities to support and empower families of students with disabilities to be equal partners for schools. As the demographics of the U.S. population become increasingly diverse, the U.S. Census Bureau projects that, by 2044, more than half of the U.S. population will belong to a minority group. Currently, students from diverse backgrounds comprise over 53% of the special education student population. While their parents are the key decision makers and advocates who ensure that they receive services and support that address their individual needs, research consistently indicates that families from diverse backgrounds face many challenges that prevent them from taking on these active roles.Along with the improvements in the U.S. since the enactment of its first special education law in 1975, other parts of the world are also making changes to their special education systems in terms of responding to the diverse needs of children and students with disabilities and their families. This book also shares research-based and effective practices from other countries. The studies presented employ both qualitative and quantitative methods to investigate family-school-community partnerships.
Politicising Polio: Disability, Civil Society and Civic Agency in Sierra Leone
by Diana SzántóThis book examines disability in post-war Sierra Leone. Its protagonists are polio-disabled people living in the nation’s capital of Freetown, organizing themselves as best as they can in a state without welfare. There is little concrete support for people with disabilities in a country where the government is struggling with the competing requirements of the international community, demanding - in exchange for its support - good standards of democracy and the maintenance of a free market economy. To what extent is the Human Rights framework of the disability movement effective in protecting the polio-disabled and what are the limitations of this framework? Diana Szántó’s detailed ethnography reveals, through many real-life examples, the vulnerability of disabled people living in the intersections of poverty, informality and disability activism. At the same time, it also tells about the many ways the polio-disabled community is transforming vulnerability into strength.
Inclusion, Equity and Access for Individuals with Disabilities: Insights from Educators across World
by Santoshi Halder Vassilios ArgyropoulosThe book provides multiple perspectives and insights on the area of Inclusion, Equity and Access for people with disabilities and brings together various inclusive effective practices from 21 countries across the world most comprehensively in one book. The book documents perspectives from educational researchers and teacher educators through first-hand experience using cutting-edge research and conceptual understandings, thought processes, and reflections.The book brings together various methodologies to expose scientific truths in the area of disability and inclusion. Chapter authors utilize a self-reflective stance, representing state of the art theory and practice for exploring notions of disability. Authors examine cultural relational practices, common values and beliefs, and shared experiences for the purpose of helping cultural members and cultural strangers better understand interdependent factors. Each chapter is an attempt to unravel a thought provoking, comprehensive, and thorough understanding of the challenges and abilities of individuals with disabilities shaped by their own culture, society and country, re-engaging the promise of scientific research as a generative form of inquiry. The book is designed to be of use to a wide range of professionals; researchers, practitioners, advocates, special educators and parents providing information and or discussions on educational needs, health care provisions, and social services irrespective of country and culture.
From Exploitation to Empowerment: A Socio-Legal Model of Rehabilitation and Reintegration of Intellectually Disabled Children
by Asha BajpaiThis book presents the outcomes of a field action project at the Tata Institute of Social Sciences (TISS). Project Chunauti (English translation: Project Challenge) focused on a group of intellectually disabled, orphan children who were survivors of abuse, exploitation and neglect, and describes their journey toward empowerment. It offers a vision and a reproducible, adaptable model for rehabilitation that can foster the social re-integration of intellectually disabled orphans at institutions. As the implementation of laws is especially important for vulnerable groups, the book also outlines a socio-legal approach that not only impacts the children directly, but can also bring about policy level reforms.Project Chunauti was born out of the need to explore options for these children and to set standards for their care, protection, rehabilitation and social re-integration. The core objectives of the project were to provide support and services, including counseling, education, life skills and vocational skills training, as well as medical and psychiatric support to help them overcome the trauma of abuse and exploitation. Its further goal was to train the staff of state-run homes and state authorities, helping them prepare and implement care plans and rehabilitation, combat child sexual abuse and malnutrition, employ positive disciplining, and better understand disabilities. The book also draws on the Project team’s experiences of rolling out the replication process in Maharashtra. This book highlights the role of the courts, media and other stakeholders in the journey towards empowerment and justice. It is a combination of social-work methods, application and implementation of law and legal advocacy, as well as best practices for protecting children’s rights and developing rehabilitation and re-integration projects for intellectually disabled, orphaned children in India. The interventions detailed here provide a reproducible, adaptable model of intervention for children in institutional care across the country.
Educational Achievement and Psychosocial Transition in Visually Impaired Adolescents: Studies from India (SpringerBriefs in Education)
by Ranjita DawnThis book provides a fresh approach to studies on adolescents with visual impairment. It threads through the three elements of disability (visual impairment), psychosocial development of adolescents, and their educational achievement. It highlights how these concepts traverse across and cast an irrefutable impact on each other. The author prepares the ground by highlighting the failure of existing theories of disability studies in addressing issues concerning adolescents. She further critiques the psycho-medical approach to disability which undermines or disregards its social construction. The book provides an analysis of numerous issues affecting the psychosocial development of adolescents with visual impairment, which is further validated through narratives in educational settings. It also strongly advocates the need to create awareness about the basic ethics of human relationships and rights, moral consciousness and social and civic responsibilities, which can play a vital role in ensuring healthy psychosocial development of adolescents with visual impairment, and in ensuring inclusion.
The Social, Cultural, and Political Discourses of Autism (Education, Equity, Economy #9)
by Jessica Nina Lester Michelle O'ReillyTaking up a social constructionist position, this book illustrates the social and cultural construction of autism as made visible in everyday, educational, institutional and historical discourses, alongside a careful consideration of the bodily and material realities of embodied differences. The authors highlight the economic consequences of a disabling culture, and explore how autism fits within broader arguments related to normality, abnormality and stigma. To do this, they provide a theoretically and historically grounded discussion of autism—one designed to layer and complicate the discussions that surround autism and disability in schools, health clinics, and society writ large. In addition, they locate this discussion across two contexts – the US and the UK – and draw upon empirical examples to illustrate the key points. Located at the intersection of critical disability studies and discourse studies, the book offers a critical reframing of autism and childhood mental health disorders more generally.
Occupying Disability: Critical Approaches To Community, Justice, And Decolonizing Disability (PDF)
by Pamela Block Devwa Kasnitz Akemi Nishida Nick PollardThis book explores the concept of "occupation" in disability well beyond traditional clinical formulations of disability: it considers disability not in terms of pathology or impairment, but as a range of unique social identities and experiences that are shaped by visible or invisible diagnoses/impairments, socio-cultural perceptions and environmental barriers and offers innovative ideas on how to apply theoretical training to real world contexts. Inspired by disability justice and "Disability Occupy Wall Street / Decolonize Disability" movements in the US and related movements abroad, this book builds on politically engaged critical approaches to disability that intersect occupational therapy, disability studies and anthropology. "Occupying Disability" will provide a discursive space where the concepts of disability, culture and occupation meet critical theory, activism and the creative arts. The concept of "occupation" is intentionally a moving target in this book. Some chapters discuss occupying spaces as a form of protest or alternatively, protesting against territorial occupations. Others present occupations as framed or problematized within the fields of occupational therapy and occupational science and anthropology as engagement in meaningful activities. The contributing authors come from a variety of professional, academic and activist backgrounds to include perspectives from theory, practice and experiences of disability. Emergent themes include: all the permutations of the concept of "occupy," disability justice/decolonization, marginalization and minoritization, technology, struggle, creativity and change. This book will engage clinicians, social scientists, activists and artists in dialogues about disability as a theoretical construct and lived experience.
Universal Grammar and American Sign Language: Setting the Null Argument Parameters (Studies in Theoretical Psycholinguistics #13)
by D.C. Lillo-MartinAMERICAN SIGN LANGUAGE American Sign Language (ASL) is the visual-gestural language used by most of the deaf community in the United States and parts of Canada. On the surface, this language (as all signed languages) seems radically different from the spoken languages which have been used to formulate theories of linguistic princi ples and parameters. However, the position taken in this book is that when the surface effects of modality are stripped away, ASL will be seen to follow many of the patterns proposed as universals for human language. If these theoretical constructs are meant to hold for language in general, then they should hold for natural human language in any modality; and ifASL is such a natural human language, then it too must be accounted for by any adequate theory of Universal Grammar. For this rea son, the study of ASL can be vital for proposed theories of Universal Grammar. Recent work in several theoretical frameworks of syntax as well as phonology have argued that indeed, ASL is such a lan guage. I will assume then, that principles of Universal Gram mar, and principles that derive from it, are applicable to ASL, and in fact that ASL can serve as one of the languages which test Universal Grammar. There is an important distinction to be drawn, however, be tween what is called here 'American Sign Language', and other forms of manual communication.
Lawyers Making Meaning: The Semiotics of Law in Legal Education II
by Jan M. Broekman Larry Catà BackerThis book present a structure for understanding and exploring the semiotic character of law and law systems. Cultivating a deep understanding for the ways in which lawyers make meaning—the way in which they help make the world and are made, in turn by the world they create —can provide a basis for consciously engaging in the work of the law and in the production of meaning. The book first introduces the reader to the idea of semiotics in general and legal semiotics in particular, as well as to the major actors and shapers of the field, and to the heart of the matter: signs. The second part studies the development of the strains of thinking that together now define semiotics, with attention being paid to the pragmatics, psychology and language of legal semiotics. A third part examines the link between legal theory and semiotics, the practice of law, the critical legal studies movement in the USA, the semiotics of politics and structuralism. The last part of the book ties the different strands of legal semiotics together, and closely looks at semiotics in the lawyer’s toolkit—such as: text, name and meaning.
Global Report on Assistive Technology
by World Health Organization and the United Nations Children’s FundThis Global Report on Assistive Technology captures for the first time a global snapshot illustrating the need, access to and the preparedness of countries to support assistive technology. More than 2.5 billion people require one or more assistive products, and this is expected to grow to over 3.5 billion by 2050 as the global population ages. The Report also features many stories illustrating the profound impact that assistive products such as spectacles, hearing aids, communication devices and wheelchairs can have on people’s lives. There is also evidence of the economic and social return on investment in assistive technology. And yet, despite the benefits, many people do not have access to assistive technology, with the gaps greatest in low- and middle-income countries. This global inequity requires urgent collective attention and action.
Schooling In Disadvantaged Communities: Playing The Game From The Back Of The Field (PDF)
by Carmen Mills Trevor GaleBased on a study of one secondary school located in a disadvantaged community in Australia, this book provides a different perspective on what it means to play the game of schooling. Drawing on the perspectives of teachers, parents and students, this book is a window through which to explore the possibilities of schooling in disadvantaged communities. The authors contend that teachers, parents and students themselves are all involved in the game of reproducing disadvantage in schooling, but similarly, they can play a part in opening up opportunities for change to enhance learning for marginalised students. Rather than only attempting to transform students, teachers should be also be concerned to transform schooling; to provide educational opportunities that transform the life experiences of and open up opportunities for all young people, especially those disadvantaged by poverty and marginalised by difference. The book is also designed to stimulate understanding of the work of Bourdieu as well as of a Bourdieuian approach to research. Seeing transformative potential in his theoretical constructs, it airs the possibility that schools can be more than mere reproducers of society.
Schooling In Disadvantaged Communities: Playing The Game From The Back Of The Field (PDF)
by Carmen Mills Trevor GaleBased on a study of one secondary school located in a disadvantaged community in Australia, this book provides a different perspective on what it means to play the game of schooling. Drawing on the perspectives of teachers, parents and students, this book is a window through which to explore the possibilities of schooling in disadvantaged communities. The authors contend that teachers, parents and students themselves are all involved in the game of reproducing disadvantage in schooling, but similarly, they can play a part in opening up opportunities for change to enhance learning for marginalised students. Rather than only attempting to transform students, teachers should be also be concerned to transform schooling; to provide educational opportunities that transform the life experiences of and open up opportunities for all young people, especially those disadvantaged by poverty and marginalised by difference. The book is also designed to stimulate understanding of the work of Bourdieu as well as of a Bourdieuian approach to research. Seeing transformative potential in his theoretical constructs, it airs the possibility that schools can be more than mere reproducers of society.
Dekolonialisierung des Wissens: Eine partizipative Studie zu Diskriminierung und Teilhabe an Erwerbsarbeit von BIPoC mit Behinderungserfahrungen (Gesellschaft der Unterschiede #85)
by Robel Afeworki AbayDie voranschreitende Geopolitik geht mit komplexen Formen epistemischer Gewalt eurozentristischer Wissensordnungen einher. Diese zeigt sich auch in der Weitertradierung komplexitätsreduzierender Wissensproduktion sowohl über Behinderung als auch über Migration/Flucht: Es wird wiederholt über die Betroffenen, statt mit ihnen gesprochen. Robel Afeworki Abay widmet sich der Diskriminierung und Teilhabe an Erwerbsarbeit von BIPoC mit Behinderungserfahrungen und beleuchtet aus postkolonialen und intersektionalen Perspektiven die Zugangsbarrieren und Bewältigungsressourcen der Betroffenen. In seiner partizipativen Studie legt er dar, dass epistemische Gewalt hierbei als konstitutiver Bestandteil der Kolonialität des Wissens fungiert.
Körperlicher Umbruch: Über das Erleben chronischer Krankheit und spät erworbener Behinderung (Medical Humanities #11)
by Bernhard RicharzWas bedeutet es in den westlichen Gesellschaften der Jahrtausendwende, chronisch krank zu werden oder dauerhaft mit einer Behinderung zu leben? Ausgehend von subjektiven Erfahrungen Betroffener wirft Bernhard Richarz den Blick auf das somatische Geschehen, dessen prozesshafte individuelle psychische Verarbeitung und die soziokulturellen Rahmenbedingungen. Er leitet chronische Krankheit und Behinderung aus einer Phänomenologie des Körpers ab und ordnet die subjektive Darstellung des Erlebens in den Prozess der Identitätsarbeit ein. Damit eröffnet er den Blick auf das Zusammenwirken von Körper, Selbst und Alterität im Kontext der Persönlichkeitsentwicklung.
Gehörlose und Hörende: Raummodellierung im Kontext von Behinderung und Interkulturalität (Gesellschaft der Unterschiede #71)
by Caroline-Sophie PillingEs gibt kein Gebärdenland aber unser Normen- und Wertesystem ist hörend. Wir haben es mit Kultur(en) zu tun, die nicht lokalisierbar sind. Wie können Räume innerhalb dieses Spannungsverhältnisses von Behinderung und Interkulturalität von Gehörlosen und Hörenden konstruiert werden? Räume, in denen der Körper Anlass von Sprache ist, wo Macht verhandelbar ist, wo Kultur(en) gelebt und erfahren werden. Unter Rückgriff auf Homi K. Bhabhas Konzept des dritten Raumes und Martina Löws Konzept der Raumsoziologie befragt Caroline-Sophie Pilling gleichsam Vertreter*innen der Gehörlosen-Community und der Hörenden-Welt zu ihren Perspektiven, wie das Verhältnis Gehörloser und Hörender besser gestaltet werden kann.
Sehbehinderung und Arbeit: Rekonfigurationen im digitalen Kapitalismus (Gesellschaft der Unterschiede #68)
by Andrea Fischer-TahirEine Inklusion, die auf bedarfsgerechte Teilhabe am Niedriglohnsektor abzielt, steht im Kontrast zu den sozialen Interessen von Menschen mit Behinderung auf der Suche nach guter Arbeit. Andrea Fischer-Tahir setzt die Themen Behinderung, Digitalisierung und Arbeit in Bezug zueinander, ermittelt den Gebrauchswert assistiver Technologie und spürt den Rekonfigurationen von Lebensentwürfen nach. Anhand von Interviews und Fokusgruppen untersucht sie aus der Perspektive kritischer Sozialtheorie Möglichkeiten und Grenzen des digitalen Kapitalismus für Sehbehinderte und rekonstruiert Erfahrungen von Exklusion im beruflichen Feld sowie Machtverhältnisse in Inklusionsmaßnahmen.
Religion und Disability: Behinderung und Befähigung in religiösen Kontexten. Eine religionswissenschaftliche Untersuchung (Religionswissenschaft #24)
by Ramona Jelinek-MenkeWie beeinflussen Religionen die soziale Stellung von Personen? Ramona Jelinek-Menke führt das Konzept der »Dis/ability« aus den Disability Studies erstmals in die deutschsprachige Religionswissenschaft ein und macht es für Analysen der Interdependenz zwischen Religion und Inklusion nutzbar. Gleichzeitig zeigt sie, wie unter dem Eindruck von Marginalisierung religiöse Vorstellungen, Praktiken und Institutionen gestaltet werden. Damit erschließt sich nicht nur ein neues Forschungsfeld für die Religionswissenschaft, sondern es wird auch die Aufmerksamkeit auf eine sozialwissenschaftlich und gesellschaftlich unterrepräsentierte Gruppe gelenkt.
Arbeit und Behinderung: Praktiken der Subjektivierung in Werkstätten und Inklusionsbetrieben (Disability Studies. Körper - Macht - Differenz #16)
by Sarah KarimWie wir arbeiten, beeinflusst in hohem Maße, wie wir uns selbst als Subjekte verstehen. Das gilt auch für Menschen mit Lernschwierigkeiten, die meist in Werkstätten oder Inklusionsbetrieben beschäftigt sind. Sarah Karims ethnografische Studie untersucht im Anschluss an die soziologischen Disability Studies sowie an Subjektivierungs- und Praxistheorien, wie Arbeitspraktiken das Handeln und Selbstverständnis der Beschäftigten beeinflussen. Anschaulich wird herausgearbeitet, dass Menschen mit Lernschwierigkeiten einem ambivalenten Umgang am Arbeitsplatz ausgesetzt sind. Dabei entwickeln sie eigenwillige und kreative Praktiken, um mit den Herausforderungen von Verbesonderung und Inklusion umzugehen.
Wem gehört die Gebärdensprache?: Essays zu einer Kritik des Hörens (Edition Kulturwissenschaft #242)
by Tomas VollhaberGebärdensprache ist sichtbar. Die Anwesenheit von Gebärdensprachdolmetscher*innen im öffentlichen Raum ist vertraut. Doch nicht nur für Gehörlose ist Gebärdensprache wichtig. Gebärdensprachkurse und -studiengänge sind bei Hörenden beliebt und zeugen von einer wachsenden Neugierde an dieser besonderen Sprache. Tomas Vollhaber bewegt sich auf einem Grat zwischen der Forderung nach Anerkennung der Interessen Gehörloser und der Entdeckung der Gebärdensprache durch Hörende. Mit seinen Essays wendet er sich an Menschen aus dem Bereich der Sprach- und Kulturwissenschaft, der Deaf Studies und Disability Studies und an jene, die mehr vom Körper und seinen Sprachen erfahren wollen.
Diskriminierung im Kontext von Behinderung, sozialer Lage und Geschlecht: Eine qualitative Analyse im Anschluss an Pierre Bourdieu (KörperKulturen)
by Arne MüllerDiskriminierungen und Benachteiligungen gehören für viele Menschen zu allgegenwärtigen Erfahrungen des Alltags. Während Diskriminierungen zum Beispiel aufgrund von Behinderung oder Geschlecht mit gesetzlichen Vorkehrungen begegnet wird, gelten Benachteiligungen aufgrund der sozialen Lage noch immer als sozial legitimiert, wenn sie auf individuellen Leistungsdifferenzen beruhen. Arne Müller hinterfragt und kritisiert diese Unterscheidung mit dem theoretischen Rüstzeug Pierre Bourdieus. Seine empirische Untersuchung der Wechselwirkungen von Behinderung, Geschlecht und sozialer Lage liefert viele neue und instruktive Einsichten.
Aufbrüche und Barrieren: Behindertenpolitik und Behindertenrecht in Deutschland und Europa seit den 1970er-Jahren (Disability Studies. Körper - Macht - Differenz #13)
by Theresia Degener Marc Von MiquelDie gesellschaftlichen Umbrüche seit den 1970er-Jahren sind gerade auch für die Behindertenbewegung entscheidend. Sie war es, die damals selbstbestimmtes Leben und Gleichstellung auf die politische Agenda setzte. Der normative Unterschied zur herrschenden Behindertenpolitik war erheblich - die Folgen jedoch voller Widersprüche. Die Beiträge dieses Bandes untersuchen zentrale Entwicklungen in Politik und Recht zum Thema Behinderung in Deutschland und Europa. Mit Blick auf die deutsche Sozialpolitik, die UN-Behindertenrechtskonvention und die Europäische Union stellen sie neue Aufbrüche und fortwirkende Barrieren vor und zeigen, wie eng Politik, Recht und die Lebenswelten von Menschen mit Behinderungen verknüpft sind.
Behinderung als Praxis: Biographische Zugänge zu Lebensentwürfen von Menschen mit ›geistiger Behinderung‹ (Kultur und soziale Praxis)
by Hendrik TrescherWelche Alltagspraxen führen dazu, dass sich behinderte Identitäten ausbilden? Durch die Dokumentation der 16 Lebensgeschichten und -entwürfe von Menschen mit ›geistiger Behinderung‹ geht Hendrik Trescher der Frage nach, wie diese ihren Alltag erfahren. Er legt dar, wie diese Menschen in ihrem Lebenslauf immer wieder an Diskursteilhabebarrieren stoßen und so letztlich behindert werden. Wie komplex und gleichsam radikal wirkmächtig solche Barrieren sein können, zeigt er u.a. durch Aufdecken der Zusammenhänge zwischen Behinderung und der Funktionslogik von Hilfestrukturen, die - häufig auch in ihrer Ausprägung als pädagogische Protektorate - letztlich selbst behindernd wirken.
Culture - Theory - Disability: Encounters between Disability Studies and Cultural Studies (Disability Studies. Körper - Macht - Differenz #10)
by Anne Waldschmidt Hanjo Berressem Moritz IngwersenWhich theoretical and methodological approaches of contemporary cultural criticism resonate within the field of disability studies? What can cultural studies gain by incorporating disability more fully into its toolbox for critical analysis? Culture - Theory - Disability features contributions by leading international cultural disability studies scholars which are complemented with a diverse range of responses from across the humanities spectrum. This essential volume encourages the problematization of disability in connection with critical theories of literary and cultural representation, aesthetics, politics, science and technology, sociology, and philosophy. It includes essays by Lennard J. Davis, Rosemarie Garland-Thomson, Dan Goodley, Robert McRuer and Margrit Shildrick.
Dekolonialisierung des Wissens: Eine partizipative Studie zu Diskriminierung und Teilhabe an Erwerbsarbeit von BIPoC mit Behinderungserfahrungen (Gesellschaft der Unterschiede #85)
by Robel Afeworki AbayDie voranschreitende Geopolitik geht mit komplexen Formen epistemischer Gewalt eurozentristischer Wissensordnungen einher. Diese zeigt sich auch in der Weitertradierung komplexitätsreduzierender Wissensproduktion sowohl über Behinderung als auch über Migration/Flucht: Es wird wiederholt über die Betroffenen, statt mit ihnen gesprochen. Robel Afeworki Abay widmet sich der Diskriminierung und Teilhabe an Erwerbsarbeit von BIPoC mit Behinderungserfahrungen und beleuchtet aus postkolonialen und intersektionalen Perspektiven die Zugangsbarrieren und Bewältigungsressourcen der Betroffenen. In seiner partizipativen Studie legt er dar, dass epistemische Gewalt hierbei als konstitutiver Bestandteil der Kolonialität des Wissens fungiert.