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Essential Portuguese Grammar: Everyday Grammer In Real Contexts (Teach Yourself Language Reference)

Essential Portuguese Grammar will help you get more out of your study of Portuguese. Essential Portuguese Grammar is an up-to-date introduction to Portuguese grammar. You don't need to know a lot about grammar before you start. Everything is explained simply and there are lots of examples to illustrate each point. Unlike more traditional grammars, Essential Portuguese Grammar is structured so that you can look up language forms according to what you want to say, even if you don't know the grammatical term for them. If you already know some grammar, then you can use the 'reference grammar' section at the back of the book to look up the points you need.The course consists of 46 units illustrating the various uses to which the language can be put, for example, giving instructions or talking about the recent past. The more traditional reference grammar deals with grammatical structures, such as the imperative or the perfect tense. All grammatical terms are explained in the glossary at the back of the book. Each unit contains exercises for you to practise what you have learnt and there is a key at the back of the book for you to check your answers. The new page design in this edition means that the book is even easier to use and the main headings are in English so that you can find your way around the book quickly. This edition contains a 'taking it further' section which will direct you to further sources of real Portuguese. Essential Portuguese Grammar will help you to understand and manipulate Portuguese grammar with confidence because:- you need no prior knowledge of grammatical terminology to use it;- the approach is accessible and supportive;- the examples are clear and in context;- exercises help you practise every point.Now in a brand new edition with new, easy-to-follow page design:

Essential Spanish Verbs: Teach Yourself (Teach Yourself Language Reference)

Essential Spanish Verbs is the course for you if you need help with your study of Spanish. This fully revised edition of our best-selling course now comes with free downloadable audio support containing hints on how to learn verbs effectively. The aim of this book is to help you improve your command of Spanish by focusing on one aspect of language learning that invariably causes difficulties - verbs and the way they behave. Whether you are a complete beginner or a relatively advanced learner, you can consult the book when you need to know the form of a verb quickly. The introductory section gives you a complete overview of Spanish verbs and how they work in the various tenses. Essential Spanish Verbs contains: - full coverage of the main tenses for 200 frequently used Spanish verbs arranged alphabetically for quick and easy reference - examples of the verbs in everyday use, with colloquial expressions and words sharing the same origin - a Spanish-English verb list of approximately 3000 verbs with details of the patterns they follow - an English- Spanish verb list giving the most frequently used English verbs in Spanish with details of the patterns they follow - free downloadable audio support with hints on how to learn verbs Learn effortlessly with a new, easy-to-read page design and interactive features: NOT GOT MUCH TIME? One, five and ten-minute introductions to key principles to get you started. AUTHOR INSIGHTS Lots of instant help with common problems and quick tips for success, based on the author's many years of experience. USEFUL VOCABULARY Easy to find and learn, to build a solid foundation for speaking. ONLINE TESTS Tests to help you keep track of your progress. Download our free app, Teach Yourself Library, from the App Store or Google Play to access the free audio.

Essential Spanish Vocabulary: Teach Yourself (Teach Yourself Language Reference)

Essential Spanish Vocabulary is the course for you if you need help with your study of Spanish. This fully revised edition of our best-selling course now comes with free downloadable audio support containing hints on how to learn vocabulary effectively.Unlike a phrasebook or a dictionary, Essential Spanish Vocabulary will take your existing knowledge and build on it systematically and organically, so that you will increase your vocabulary and at the same time expand your range of expression.At the beginning of the book there is a section to help you with your pronunciation, followed by a short and simple grammar summary.The main part of the book is arranged in topics, such as 'Work', 'Travel and Accommodation' and 'Food and Drink', and concentrates on the vital and most current words and expressions, listing those which you might already know and then extending the coverage to teach you those you probably do not know.Finally, the downloadable audio recording will give you hints on how to increase your vocabulary effortlessly.This is an ideal companion if you are a language student or if you are wanting a systematic, easy-to-use tool to increase the range of your vocabulary and improve your ability to express yourself in a wide variety of situations, either on holiday or on a business trip. Learn effortlessly with a new, easy-to-read page design and interactive features: NOT GOT MUCH TIME?One, five and ten-minute introductions to key principles to get you started.AUTHOR INSIGHTSLots of instant help with common problems and quick tips for success, based on the author's many years of experience.END-OF-UNIT SUMMARIES AND ONLINE TESTSSummaries and tests to help you consolidate and keep track of your progress.EXTEND YOUR KNOWLEDGEExtra online articles at: www.teachyourself.com to give you a richer understanding of the culture and history of Spain.

Essential Speech and Language Technology for Dutch: Results by the STEVIN-programme (Theory and Applications of Natural Language Processing)

The book provides an overview of more than a decade of joint R&D efforts in the Low Countries on HLT for Dutch. It not only presents the state of the art of HLT for Dutch in the areas covered, but, even more importantly, a description of the resources (data and tools) for Dutch that have been created are now available for both academia and industry worldwide. The contributions cover many areas of human language technology (for Dutch): corpus collection (including IPR issues) and building (in particular one corpus aiming at a collection of 500M word tokens), lexicology, anaphora resolution, a semantic network, parsing technology, speech recognition, machine translation, text (summaries) generation, web mining, information extraction, and text to speech to name the most important ones.The book also shows how a medium-sized language community (spanning two territories) can create a digital language infrastructure (resources, tools, etc.) as a basis for subsequent R&D. At the same time, it bundles contributions of almost all the HLT research groups in Flanders and the Netherlands, hence offers a view of their recent research activities.Targeted readers are mainly researchers in human language technology, in particular those focusing on Dutch. It concerns researchers active in larger networks such as the CLARIN, META-NET, FLaReNet and participating in conferences such as ACL, EACL, NAACL, COLING, RANLP, CICling, LREC, CLIN and DIR ( both in the Low Countries), InterSpeech, ASRU, ICASSP, ISCA, EUSIPCO, CLEF, TREC, etc. In addition, some chapters are interesting for human language technology policy makers and even for science policy makers in general.

Essential Welsh Grammar: Teach Yourself (Teach Yourself Language Reference)

Essential Welsh Grammar will help you get more out of your study of Welsh. Essential Welsh Grammar is an up-to-date introduction to Welsh grammar. You don't need to know a lot about grammar before you start. Everything is explained simply and there are lots of examples to illustrate each point. Unlike more traditional grammars, Essential Welsh Grammar is structured so that you can look up language forms according to what you want to say, even if you don't know the grammatical term for them. If you already know some grammar, then you can use the 'reference grammar' section at the back of the book to look up the points you need.The course consists of 27 units illustrating the various uses to which the language can be put, for example, giving instructions or talking about the recent past. The more traditional reference grammar deals with grammatical structures, such as the imperative or the perfect tense. All grammatical terms are explained in the glossary at the back of the book. Each unit contains exercises for you to practise what you have learnt and there is a key at the back of the book for you to check your answers. The new page design in this edition means that the book is even easier to use and the main headings are in English so that you can find your way around the book quickly. This edition contains a 'taking it further' section which will direct you to further sources of real Welsh. Essential Welsh Grammar will help you to understand and manipulate Welsh grammar with confidence because:- you need no prior knowledge of grammatical terminology to use it;- the approach is accessible and supportive;- the examples are clear and in context;- exercises help you practise every point.

Essentials Of Early English: An Introduction To Old, Middle And Early Modern English

This is a completely revised and updated edition of a highly successful textbook. It provides a practical and highly accessible introduction to the early stages of the English language: Old English, Middle English, and Early Modern English. Designed specifically as a handbook for students beginning the study of early English language, whether for linguistic or literary purposes, it presumes little or no prior knowledge of the history of English. Features of this second edition include: newly added Middle English and Early Modern English sample texts and accompanying notes a new section on historical methods web links and an updated annotated bibliography.

Essentials Of Early English: An Introduction To Old, Middle And Early Modern English (PDF)

This is a completely revised and updated edition of a highly successful textbook. It provides a practical and highly accessible introduction to the early stages of the English language: Old English, Middle English, and Early Modern English. Designed specifically as a handbook for students beginning the study of early English language, whether for linguistic or literary purposes, it presumes little or no prior knowledge of the history of English. Features of this second edition include: newly added Middle English and Early Modern English sample texts and accompanying notes a new section on historical methods web links and an updated annotated bibliography.

Essentials Of Early English: An Introduction To Old, Middle And Early Modern English

This is a completely revised and updated edition of a highly successful textbook. It provides a practical and highly accessible introduction to the early stages of the English language: Old English, Middle English, and Early Modern English. Designed specifically as a handbook for students beginning the study of early English language, whether for linguistic or literary purposes, it presumes little or no prior knowledge of the history of English. Features of this second edition include: newly added Middle English and Early Modern English sample texts and accompanying notes a new section on historical methods web links and an updated annotated bibliography.

Estudios del discurso / The Routledge Handbook of Spanish Language Discourse Studies (Routledge Spanish Language Handbooks)

Estudios del discurso / The Routledge Handbook of Spanish Language Discourse Studies es un manual internacional que ofrece un panorama abarcador de los Estudios del discurso, con acento en las áreas más relevantes, actuales y de proyección futura en el mundo hispanohablante. Participan en él académicos que son referentes del campo en España, América Latina y Estados Unidos. Esta obra es también ú nica por su extensión y cobertura: contiene 36 cap í tulos organizados en cinco partes que cubren los métodos y teorías de los Estudios del discurso, su relación con otras disciplinas, los vínculos entre discurso, sociedad y cultura en los diversos países hispanohablantes, cuestiones de discurso y comunicación, y estudios aplicados del discurso. Este volumen constituye una obra de referencia que refleja el dinamismo y la productividad de los Estudios del discurso en lengua española. Así pues, es un recurso incomparable para quienes se ocupan del discurso en su actividad académica o profesional. Gracias a la ejemplificación con casos analizados, es útil para estudiantes universitarios y docentes de grado y posgrado. Por su parte, los investigadores de diversas ramas de las Humanidades y las Ciencias Sociales encuentran una estupenda puesta al día sobre los avances y debates en este campo. Estudios del discurso / The Routledge Handbook of Spanish Language Discourse Studies is an international handbook which offers an encompassing panorama of Discourse Studies with an emphasis on the most relevant, up-to-date and promising areas in the Spanish-speaking world. The contributors are leading scholars in the field in Spain, Latin America and the United States. This book is also unique in its scope: Its 36 chapters are organized in five parts which deal with the methods and theories of Discourse Studies, its relationship with other disciplines, the links between discourse, society and culture in the various Spanish-speaking countries, issues of discourse and communication, and applied studies of discourse. This volume constitutes an inescapable reference that reflects the dynamism and the productivity of Discourse Studies in Spanish. For this reason, it is an incomparable resource for those with academic or professional interests in discourse. Thanks to the illustration with analysed cases, it is useful for undergraduate and graduate students and teachers. In addition, researchers in various branches of the Humanities and the Social Sciences find here a vibrant update on the advances and debates in this field.

Estudios del discurso / The Routledge Handbook of Spanish Language Discourse Studies (Routledge Spanish Language Handbooks)

Estudios del discurso / The Routledge Handbook of Spanish Language Discourse Studies es un manual internacional que ofrece un panorama abarcador de los Estudios del discurso, con acento en las áreas más relevantes, actuales y de proyección futura en el mundo hispanohablante. Participan en él académicos que son referentes del campo en España, América Latina y Estados Unidos. Esta obra es también ú nica por su extensión y cobertura: contiene 36 cap í tulos organizados en cinco partes que cubren los métodos y teorías de los Estudios del discurso, su relación con otras disciplinas, los vínculos entre discurso, sociedad y cultura en los diversos países hispanohablantes, cuestiones de discurso y comunicación, y estudios aplicados del discurso. Este volumen constituye una obra de referencia que refleja el dinamismo y la productividad de los Estudios del discurso en lengua española. Así pues, es un recurso incomparable para quienes se ocupan del discurso en su actividad académica o profesional. Gracias a la ejemplificación con casos analizados, es útil para estudiantes universitarios y docentes de grado y posgrado. Por su parte, los investigadores de diversas ramas de las Humanidades y las Ciencias Sociales encuentran una estupenda puesta al día sobre los avances y debates en este campo. Estudios del discurso / The Routledge Handbook of Spanish Language Discourse Studies is an international handbook which offers an encompassing panorama of Discourse Studies with an emphasis on the most relevant, up-to-date and promising areas in the Spanish-speaking world. The contributors are leading scholars in the field in Spain, Latin America and the United States. This book is also unique in its scope: Its 36 chapters are organized in five parts which deal with the methods and theories of Discourse Studies, its relationship with other disciplines, the links between discourse, society and culture in the various Spanish-speaking countries, issues of discourse and communication, and applied studies of discourse. This volume constitutes an inescapable reference that reflects the dynamism and the productivity of Discourse Studies in Spanish. For this reason, it is an incomparable resource for those with academic or professional interests in discourse. Thanks to the illustration with analysed cases, it is useful for undergraduate and graduate students and teachers. In addition, researchers in various branches of the Humanities and the Social Sciences find here a vibrant update on the advances and debates in this field.

Et tu, Brute?: The Best Latin Lines Ever

There are so many Latin phrases in everyday use that often we use them without understanding the background and context within which they were actually used. 'Carpe diem'; 'Stet'; 'Memento mori'; 'Et tu Brute' – examples would fill a book. And often these phrases are also used in English translation: 'The die is cast'; 'crossing the Rubicon'; 'Rome was not built in a day'. Many of these phrases are humorous, but they are also a rich source of wisdom: the wisdom of the ancients. The chapters of this book include: Life's Misfortunes and how to deal with them; How to deal with old age (Cicero); Why Death is nothing to fear (Lucretius); The Stoic guide to life. Each chapter starts with a quotation and is lightly sprinkled with many more, with accompanying English translations.The background to each quotation is explained so that the context is fully understood. Who crossed the Rubicon and why, for example? At a time of great political and social turbulence, more and more people are turning back to ancient wisdom as a guide to life. Here they are in touch with two classical scholars of distinction who have the common touch.

Et tu, Brute?: The Best Latin Lines Ever

Harry Mount and John Davie unlock the wisdom of the past in this light-hearted and fascinating book, revealing how ancient Latin can help us to live better in the present.There are so many Latin phrases in everyday use that often we use them without understanding the background and context within which they were actually used. 'Carpe diem'; 'Stet'; 'Memento mori'; 'Et tu Brute' – examples would fill a book. And often these phrases are also used in English translation: 'The die is cast'; 'crossing the Rubicon'; 'Rome was not built in a day'. Many of these phrases are humorous, but they are also a rich source of wisdom: the wisdom of the ancients. The chapters of this book include: Latin for Gardeners, the Great Latin Love Poets, Cicero on How to Grow Old Gracefully and Seneca's Stoic Guide to Life. Each chapter starts with a quotation and is lightly sprinkled with many more, with accompanying English translations and entertaining cartoons and illustrations dotted throughout.The background to each quotation is explained so that the context is fully understood. Who crossed the Rubicon and why, for example? At a time of great political and social turbulence, more and more people are turning back to ancient wisdom as a guide to life. Here they are in touch with two classical scholars of distinction who have the common touch and can help make Latin accessible to all, not to mention fun!

Ethical Issues for Esl Faculty: Social Justice in Practice

This book explicitly addresses ethical dilemmas and issues that post-secondary ESL faculty commonly encounter and examines them in the framework of social justice concerns. Ethics is defined broadly, to include responsibilities and obligations to students inside and outside the classroom, as well to colleagues, educational institutions, the TESL profession, and society as a whole. Scenarios in each chapter provide realistic and compelling situations for reflection and discussion. The authors then set out the issues raised, relate them to the classroom environment, and offer opportunities to examine them in a variety of contexts and to consider possible solutions to the dilemmas. Issues include testing, plagiarism, technology, social and political issues affecting students and the classroom, gift-giving, curriculum decisions, disruptive students, institutional constraints, academic freedom, gender, class, and power. Busy classroom instructors will find this book accessible, thought-provoking, and relevant to their daily work situations. It is not intended as a theoretical treatment of ethics and social justice in ESL, nor does it propose that ESL faculty teach morals or ethics to students. Rather, it is designed as a concise, practical introduction to ethical practice for both new and experienced ESL faculty in post-secondary teaching situations in the United States, for others interested in the ESL classroom, and as a text for TESL classes and seminars. Ethical Issues for ESL Faculty: *maps new territory in the field--ethical issues in TESL, particularly as encountered by post-secondary classroom teachers, are not often discussed in ESL publications; *makes the complex issues of ethics in the context of social justice accessible to TESL practitioners; and *includes useful resources, such as additional scenarios for discussion, an extensive reference list, and selected ethics-related Web sites.

Ethical Issues for Esl Faculty: Social Justice in Practice

This book explicitly addresses ethical dilemmas and issues that post-secondary ESL faculty commonly encounter and examines them in the framework of social justice concerns. Ethics is defined broadly, to include responsibilities and obligations to students inside and outside the classroom, as well to colleagues, educational institutions, the TESL profession, and society as a whole. Scenarios in each chapter provide realistic and compelling situations for reflection and discussion. The authors then set out the issues raised, relate them to the classroom environment, and offer opportunities to examine them in a variety of contexts and to consider possible solutions to the dilemmas. Issues include testing, plagiarism, technology, social and political issues affecting students and the classroom, gift-giving, curriculum decisions, disruptive students, institutional constraints, academic freedom, gender, class, and power. Busy classroom instructors will find this book accessible, thought-provoking, and relevant to their daily work situations. It is not intended as a theoretical treatment of ethics and social justice in ESL, nor does it propose that ESL faculty teach morals or ethics to students. Rather, it is designed as a concise, practical introduction to ethical practice for both new and experienced ESL faculty in post-secondary teaching situations in the United States, for others interested in the ESL classroom, and as a text for TESL classes and seminars. Ethical Issues for ESL Faculty: *maps new territory in the field--ethical issues in TESL, particularly as encountered by post-secondary classroom teachers, are not often discussed in ESL publications; *makes the complex issues of ethics in the context of social justice accessible to TESL practitioners; and *includes useful resources, such as additional scenarios for discussion, an extensive reference list, and selected ethics-related Web sites.

The Ethics of Humour in Online Slavic Media Communication

The Ethics of Humour in Online Slavic Media Communication is devoted to research on how the rules of humour used online media are changing and how these changes rearrange the traditions of speech interaction in media communication. The authors of the book are experienced researchers in the field of Slavic media linguistics and represent five neighbouring countries: Russia, Belarus, Lithuania, Slovakia, and Poland. The research in the volume is based on the data from Slavic languages. The diversity and, at the same time, relative proximity of Slavic languages makes it possible to put separate studies into a wider comparative context, in order to reveal the general and ethno-cultural patterns in using means of communicative etiquette; it helps define the ethno-cultural factors behind the formation of such means. Speech practice of humour creation shows the creative potential of all languages, including the ones with a small number of speakers – Slovak and Belarusian, which have the status of state languages, but are strongly influenced by international languages (English and Russian). This volume is a valuable resource for researchers in the field of Slavic studies.

The Ethics of Humour in Online Slavic Media Communication

The Ethics of Humour in Online Slavic Media Communication is devoted to research on how the rules of humour used online media are changing and how these changes rearrange the traditions of speech interaction in media communication. The authors of the book are experienced researchers in the field of Slavic media linguistics and represent five neighbouring countries: Russia, Belarus, Lithuania, Slovakia, and Poland. The research in the volume is based on the data from Slavic languages. The diversity and, at the same time, relative proximity of Slavic languages makes it possible to put separate studies into a wider comparative context, in order to reveal the general and ethno-cultural patterns in using means of communicative etiquette; it helps define the ethno-cultural factors behind the formation of such means. Speech practice of humour creation shows the creative potential of all languages, including the ones with a small number of speakers – Slovak and Belarusian, which have the status of state languages, but are strongly influenced by international languages (English and Russian). This volume is a valuable resource for researchers in the field of Slavic studies.

Ethnography and Language Policy

Illuminating, through ethnographic inquiry, how individual agents "make" language policy in everyday social practice, this volume advances the growing field of language planning and policy using a critical sociocultural approach. From this perspective, language policy is conceptualized not only as official acts and documents, but as language-regulating modes of human interaction, negotiation, and production mediated by relations of power. Using this conceptual framework, the volume addresses the impacts of globalization, diaspora, and transmigration on language practices and policies; language endangerment, revitalization, and maintenance; medium-of-instruction policies; literacy and biliteracy; language and ethnic/national identity; and the ethical tensions in conducting critical ethnographic language policy research. These issues are contextualized in case studies and reflective commentaries by leading scholars in the field. Ethnography and Language Policy extends previous work in the field, tapping into leading-edge interdisciplinary scholarship, and charting new directions. Recognizing that language policy is not merely or even primarily about language per se, but rather about power relations that structure social-linguistic hierarchies, the authors seek to expand policy discourses in ways that foster social justice for all.

Ethnography and Language Policy

Illuminating, through ethnographic inquiry, how individual agents "make" language policy in everyday social practice, this volume advances the growing field of language planning and policy using a critical sociocultural approach. From this perspective, language policy is conceptualized not only as official acts and documents, but as language-regulating modes of human interaction, negotiation, and production mediated by relations of power. Using this conceptual framework, the volume addresses the impacts of globalization, diaspora, and transmigration on language practices and policies; language endangerment, revitalization, and maintenance; medium-of-instruction policies; literacy and biliteracy; language and ethnic/national identity; and the ethical tensions in conducting critical ethnographic language policy research. These issues are contextualized in case studies and reflective commentaries by leading scholars in the field. Ethnography and Language Policy extends previous work in the field, tapping into leading-edge interdisciplinary scholarship, and charting new directions. Recognizing that language policy is not merely or even primarily about language per se, but rather about power relations that structure social-linguistic hierarchies, the authors seek to expand policy discourses in ways that foster social justice for all.

Ethnolinguistic Diversity and Education: Language, Literacy and Culture

In recent decades, the linguistic and cultural diversity of school populations in the United States and other industrialized countries has rapidly increased along with globalization processes. At the same time, schooling as it is currently constituted continues to be ineffective for large numbers of students. Exploring crucial issues that emerge at the intersection of linguistic diversity and education, this volume: provides an up-to-date review of sociolinguistic research and practice aimed at improving education for students who speak vernacular varieties of US English, English-based Creole languages, and non-English languages explores the impact of dialect differences and community languages on ethnolinguistically diverse students’ academic achievement challenges the dominant monolingual Standard language ideology presents sociolinguistically based approaches to language and literacy education that acknowledge and build on the linguistic and cultural resources students bring into the school. Throughout, the authors argue for the application of research-based knowledge to the dire situation (as measured by school failure and drop-out rates) of many ethnolinguistic populations in US schools. The overall aim of the volume is to heighten acknowledgement and recognition of the linguistic and cultural resources students bring into the schools and to explore ways in which these resources can be used to extend the sociolinguistic repertoires, including academic English, of all students.

Ethnolinguistic Diversity and Education: Language, Literacy and Culture

In recent decades, the linguistic and cultural diversity of school populations in the United States and other industrialized countries has rapidly increased along with globalization processes. At the same time, schooling as it is currently constituted continues to be ineffective for large numbers of students. Exploring crucial issues that emerge at the intersection of linguistic diversity and education, this volume: provides an up-to-date review of sociolinguistic research and practice aimed at improving education for students who speak vernacular varieties of US English, English-based Creole languages, and non-English languages explores the impact of dialect differences and community languages on ethnolinguistically diverse students’ academic achievement challenges the dominant monolingual Standard language ideology presents sociolinguistically based approaches to language and literacy education that acknowledge and build on the linguistic and cultural resources students bring into the school. Throughout, the authors argue for the application of research-based knowledge to the dire situation (as measured by school failure and drop-out rates) of many ethnolinguistic populations in US schools. The overall aim of the volume is to heighten acknowledgement and recognition of the linguistic and cultural resources students bring into the schools and to explore ways in which these resources can be used to extend the sociolinguistic repertoires, including academic English, of all students.

Etymological Dictionary Of Latin: And The Other Italic Languages

Etymological Dictionary Of Proto-celtic (Leiden Indo-european Etymological Dictionary Ser.)

Etymological Dictionary Of Proto-germanic (Leiden Indo-european Etymological Dictionary Ser. #11)

European and Chinese Cognitive Styles and their Impact on Teaching Mathematics (Studies in Computational Intelligence #277)

The book provides strong evidence that research on the cognitive processes from arithmetic thought to algebraic thought should take into consideration the socio-cultural context. It is an important contribution to the literature on linguistic structure in comparative studies related to Chinese student mathematics learning. This book not only makes a great contribution to research in mathematics education, the findings of this study also addressed insightful approaches and thoughts of understanding the development of algebraic thinking in cultural contexts for classroom teachers. Using written Chinese language from different theoretical references provided wonderful approaches for understanding student algebra cognitive development in a different way and calls educators for to pay special attention to an epistemological and linguistic view of algebraic development. The findings inform classroom teachers that the cultural context plays an important role in student learning mathematics. A typical analysis of the cognitive dimension involved in some in the historical and cultural contexts is a great resource for classroom teachers. I really enjoyed reading this book and learned a lot from its compelling analysis. Shuhua An, Associate Professor and Director of Graduate Program in Mathematics Education, California State University, Long Beach

Evaluating Second Language Vocabulary and Grammar Instruction: A Synthesis of the Research on Teaching Words, Phrases, and Patterns

Providing a much-needed critical synthesis of research on teaching vocabulary and grammar to students of a second or foreign language, this book puts the research into perspective in order to distil recommendations for language teaching. Boers evaluates a comprehensive range of both well-established and lesser-known research strands and classroom practices to draw out the most effective instructional approaches to teaching words, multiword expressions and grammar patterns. Chapters discuss learning as a by-product of communicative activities, language-focused instruction, diverse types of exercises, mnemonic techniques and more, with a view to building bridges between the available research on such instructional approaches and how they are commonly implemented in actual language courses and textbooks. This book helps teachers make research-informed decisions regarding their instructional approaches to words, phrases and patterns, and direct researchers to specific areas in need of further inquiry. Boers not only demonstrates how research findings can inform effective teaching, but also calls for a deeper appreciation on the part of researchers of the realities of the teaching profession, making this a worthwhile text for preservice teachers, teacher educators, graduate students and scholars.