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Plant responses (UEB contracted)

by Rnib

This page shows three images of a sprouting bean. There is a locator dot shown, which will be at the top left, when the image is the correct way up. The root is to the left and the shoot to the right. In the middle is the rounded shape of the bean. The top image shows the bean when it has just been laid in a dark cupboard. The auxin hormone is evenly spread in the shoot and root. In the second image gravity has caused the auxin to accumulate in the lower half of the shoot and root. In the last image the root has grown more on the side with the least auxin causing it to bend down. The shoot has grown more on the side with the most auxin causing it to bend up. When the root and shoot are vertical the auxin is spread evenly and so the bending stops.

Plant responses (UEB uncontracted)

by Rnib

This page shows three images of a sprouting bean. There is a locator dot shown, which will be at the top left, when the image is the correct way up. The root is to the left and the shoot to the right. In the middle is the rounded shape of the bean. The top image shows the bean when it has just been laid in a dark cupboard. The auxin hormone is evenly spread in the shoot and root. In the second image gravity has caused the auxin to accumulate in the lower half of the shoot and root. In the last image the root has grown more on the side with the least auxin causing it to bend down. The shoot has grown more on the side with the most auxin causing it to bend up. When the root and shoot are vertical the auxin is spread evenly and so the bending stops.

Poppy (UEB uncontracted)

by Rnib

There is flower on the left and a flower bud on the right of the page. There is a locator dot shown, which will be at the top left of the page when the image is the correct way up. The image is surrounded by a dashed image border. The poppy flower head is in the top left of the page. It has two outer overlapping petals and two inner overlapping petals. In the middle of the flower head are stamens radiating out from the centre. The inner petal on the right has a black patch at its base. The other three petals will have a similar patch but they are not shown. The flower stem goes down the page to the bottom of the image. In the bottom centre of the page is a single leaf mainly to the right of the stem. The base of the leaf at the bottom is in front of the stem so a short section of stem is hidden. A second stem comes from the bottom right of the page and goes up to the right centre of the page. The stem curls left and down at the top, ending in a rounded hairy flower bud.

Poppy (large print)

by Rnib

There is flower on the left and a flower bud on the right of the page. There is a locator dot shown, which will be at the top left of the page when the image is the correct way up. The image is surrounded by a dashed image border. The poppy flower head is in the top left of the page. It has two outer overlapping petals and two inner overlapping petals. In the middle of the flower head are stamens radiating out from the centre. The inner petal on the right has a black patch at its base. The other three petals will have a similar patch but they are not shown. The flower stem goes down the page to the bottom of the image. In the bottom centre of the page is a single leaf mainly to the right of the stem. The base of the leaf at the bottom is in front of the stem so a short section of stem is hidden. A second stem comes from the bottom right of the page and goes up to the right centre of the page. The stem curls left and down at the top, ending in a rounded hairy flower bud.

Poppy (UEB contracted)

by Rnib

There is flower on the left and a flower bud on the right of the page. There is a locator dot shown, which will be at the top left of the page when the image is the correct way up. The image is surrounded by a dashed image border. The poppy flower head is in the top left of the page. It has two outer overlapping petals and two inner overlapping petals. In the middle of the flower head are stamens radiating out from the centre. The inner petal on the right has a black patch at its base. The other three petals will have a similar patch but they are not shown. The flower stem goes down the page to the bottom of the image. In the bottom centre of the page is a single leaf mainly to the right of the stem. The base of the leaf at the bottom is in front of the stem so a short section of stem is hidden. A second stem comes from the bottom right of the page and goes up to the right centre of the page. The stem curls left and down at the top, ending in a rounded hairy flower bud.

Seedling and light (large print)

by Rnib

This page shows an image of a bright light bulb and a small seedling. There is a locator dot shown, which will be at the top left, when the image is the correct way up. The light bulb is on the left of the page. It is in a small vertical stand. The seedling is on the right of the page. It is growing in a small pot and has two leaves. It is bending towards the light as it responds to it. edling. There is a locator dot shown, which will be at the top left, when the image is the correct way up.

Seedling and light (UEB contracted)

by Rnib

This page shows an image of a bright light bulb and a small seedling. There is a locator dot shown, which will be at the top left, when the image is the correct way up. The light bulb is on the left of the page. It is in a small vertical stand. The seedling is on the right of the page. It is growing in a small pot and has two leaves. It is bending towards the light as it responds to it.

Seedling and light (UEB uncontracted)

by Rnib

This page shows an image of a bright light bulb and a small seedling. There is a locator dot shown, which will be at the top left, when the image is the correct way up. The light bulb is on the left of the page. It is in a small vertical stand. The seedling is on the right of the page. It is growing in a small pot and has two leaves. It is bending towards the light as it responds to it.

Water loss in plants (large print)

by Rnib

This page shows an image of a small plant growing in the ground. There is a locator dot shown, which will be at the top left, when the image is the correct way up. The image is surrounded by a dashed line image border. The green leafy part of the plant is in the top half of the page and the root is in the bottom half of the page. The plans stem goes vertically up the middle of the page. It has three oval leaves on the left, one at the top forming the shoot, and four leaves on the right. Curved arrows indicate water loss as vapour from the leaves. A line going horizontally across the middle of the page represents the soil surface. Down from this the soil is shown in cross section so the roots can be found. As the root goes down the page it divides into smaller multiples of roots. Arrows show the root absorbing water from the soil.

Umbrella Tree showing it's Aerial roots (UEB contracted)

by Rnib

On this page there is an image of a branch of an Umbrella Tree (Schefflera arbicola) with three aerial roots growing down to the soil. There is a locator dot shown, which will be at the top left of the page when the image is the correct way up. There are two groups of leaves at the top of the page, each with seven green, pointed oval leaves in a circular umbrella arrangement. These are attached to the plans pale brown branch by delicate stems leading down the page. Follow the branch to the right and you will find three aerial roots. Two of them fork into two before going down to the red earth at the bottom of the page. Many other plants have aerial roots including Ivy, many orchids, mangroves trees and the fantastical Banyan tree.

Umbrella Tree showing it's Aerial roots (large print)

by Rnib

On this page there is an image of a branch of an Umbrella Tree (Schefflera arbicola) with three aerial roots growing down to the soil. There is a locator dot shown, which will be at the top left of the page when the image is the correct way up. There are two groups of leaves at the top of the page, each with seven green, pointed oval leaves in a circular umbrella arrangement. These are attached to the plans pale brown branch by delicate stems leading down the page. Follow the branch to the right and you will find three aerial roots. Two of them fork into two before going down to the red earth at the bottom of the page. Many other plants have aerial roots including Ivy, many orchids, mangroves trees and the fantastical Banyan tree.

Umbrella Tree showing it's Aerial roots (UEB uncontracted)

by Rnib

On this page there is an image of a branch of an Umbrella Tree (Schefflera arbicola) with three aerial roots growing down to the soil. There is a locator dot shown, which will be at the top left of the page when the image is the correct way up. There are two groups of leaves at the top of the page, each with seven green, pointed oval leaves in a circular umbrella arrangement. These are attached to the plans pale brown branch by delicate stems leading down the page. Follow the branch to the right and you will find three aerial roots. Two of them fork into two before going down to the red earth at the bottom of the page. Many other plants have aerial roots including Ivy, many orchids, mangroves trees and the fantastical Banyan tree.

Water loss in plants (UEB uncontracted)

by Rnib

This page shows an image of a small plant growing in the ground. There is a locator dot shown, which will be at the top left, when the image is the correct way up. The image is surrounded by a dashed line image border. The green leafy part of the plant is in the top half of the page and the root is in the bottom half of the page. The plans stem goes vertically up the middle of the page. It has three oval leaves on the left, one at the top forming the shoot, and four leaves on the right. Curved arrows indicate water loss as vapour from the leaves. A line going horizontally across the middle of the page represents the soil surface. Down from this the soil is shown in cross section so the roots can be found. As the root goes down the page it divides into smaller multiples of roots. Arrows show the root absorbing water from the soil.

Welwitschia (large print)

by Rnib

This is an image, seen from the side, of a Welwitschia. It is a gymnosperm these are plants with cones, for example conifers. It is native only to the Nabib desert in Namibia and Angola and has no close relatives. There is a locator dot shown, which will be at the top left of the page when the image is the correct way up. The image has a dashed line image border.There is a cross section through desert soil stretching across the bottom quarter of the page.The plans roots branch out left and right through the soil from its very short woody stem in the bottom right of the page.Above this the image of the plant stretches across the bottom part of the page.It only has two twisted strap-like leaves throughout its life. They extend to the left and right from its stem. The leaf to the right extends beyond the image border. The leaves have two different textures (colours in Large Print). A lined texture (light green/brown) represents the top surface of the leaves and a fine dotted texture (dark green) the underside of the leaves. The twisted form of the leaves means that sections of both their top surfaces and the undersides can be found. These leave continue to grow throughout the plans life, becoming brown and frayed at their ends, and forming a tangled mass covering several square metres.The plant absorbs most of the water it needs through its leaves from the mists rolling in from the sea.The Welwitschia can live for more than 2000 years

Welwitschia (UEB contracted)

by Rnib

This is an image, seen from the side, of a Welwitschia. It is a gymnosperm these are plants with cones, for example conifers. It is native only to the Nabib desert in Namibia and Angola and has no close relatives. There is a locator dot shown, which will be at the top left of the page when the image is the correct way up. The image has a dashed line image border.There is a cross section through desert soil stretching across the bottom quarter of the page.The plans roots branch out left and right through the soil from its very short woody stem in the bottom right of the page.Above this the image of the plant stretches across the bottom part of the page.It only has two twisted strap-like leaves throughout its life. They extend to the left and right from its stem. The leaf to the right extends beyond the image border. The leaves have two different textures (colours in Large Print). A lined texture (light green/brown) represents the top surface of the leaves and a fine dotted texture (dark green) the underside of the leaves. The twisted form of the leaves means that sections of both their top surfaces and the undersides can be found. These leave continue to grow throughout the plans life, becoming brown and frayed at their ends, and forming a tangled mass covering several square metres.The plant absorbs most of the water it needs through its leaves from the mists rolling in from the sea.The Welwitschia can live for more than 2000 years

Gardening Without Irrigation: or Without Much, Anyway

by Steve Solomon

Highly informative book on gardening in arid areas.

Wild Apples

by Henry David Thoreau

A history of the apple tree

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