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عمدة الطبيب في معرفة النبات
by يحيى مراددراسة التراث وتاريخ العلوم عند العرب والمسلمين، أمر لابدّ منه في مرحلة التحوّل التي تمر بها الأمة العربية. ذلك لأن اطلاع أبنائها على المنجزات العلمية التي حققها الأجداد في الماضي، لابدّ أن يكون باعثاً على الثقة في النفوس، وحافزاً لحث الخطى في طريق التقدم العلمي والتقني الذي نسعى لتحقيقه. ومن واجب التراث علينا أن نتصدى بأنفسنا لكشف مكنوناته، ونشر روائعه، وإلقاء الضوء على مدى مساهمته في إغناء المعرفة والعلم خلال قرون عديدة، بعد أن ظل هذا العمل مقتصراً على المستشرقين الذين ينتمون إلى أمم مختلفة. وفي مكتباتنا العربية العامة والخاصة كثير من المخطوطات القيّمة، والكتب النافعة التي لم تدرس حتى الآن، ولاسيّما في موضوع الطب والصيدلة وعلم النبات والتي كان لها سماتها، فأدت دوراً كبيراً في إثراء العلوم وبث روح الحياة. حيث كان يلتقي النبات والدواء في مسيرة واحدة لتأمين الغذاء النافع والدواء الناجع. لقد توافرت للعرب ثروة معرفيّة ولغويّة هائلة حين انصرفوا إلى الطبيعة، كغيرهم من الأمم التي سبقتهم، فوجدوا أن الأرض تزخر بالخيرات، من شجر وعشب وبقل وتابل وغذاء، فانصرفوا إلى "علم الفلاحة" ودراسة النباتات. وألّفوا في ذلك كتباً كثيرة لها أهميتها في ميادين علوم النبات والصيدلة والطب وغيرها. وكانت عنايتهم بأصناف النبات نابعة من حاجتهم إلى الغذاء والدواء معاً. وإلى التطيب بالعطور، وصناعة الصباغة والدباغة، وتركيب المواد الصيدلانية من جذور وقشور وثمار وبذور وأعشاب نباتات مختلفة. وهكذا أصبحت المعاجم العربية، والمؤلفات العلمية، غنية بكم وافر من الأسماء والمصطلحات النباتية، وضمَّت معارف العرب المسلمين القدماء في علمي الطب والنبات. فكانت مصدراً لمن ألف وكتب في المفردات النباتية والغذائية والدوائية. وهي كثيرة العدد نذكر منها: "كتاب النبات" لأبي حنيفة الدينوري(1) ت 282هـ-895م)، وكان من أكثر المعاجم جمعاً للمادة، وأعظمها أثراً في معاجم النبات التي ألفت فيما بعد.
Coastal Architectures and Politics of Tourism: Leisurescapes in the Global Sunbelt
by Sibel Bozdo 287 An Panayiota Pyla Petros PhokaidesThis volume offers a critical and complicated picture of how leisure tourism connected the world after the World War II, transforming coastal lands, traditional societies, and national economies in new ways.The 21 chapters in this book analyze selected case studies of architectures and landscapes around the world, contextualizing them within economic geographies of national development, the geopolitics of the Cold War, the legacies of colonialism, and the international dynamics of decolonization. Postwar leisure tourism evokes a rich array of architectural spaces and altered coastal landscapes, which is explored in this collection through discussions of tourism developments in the Mediterranean littoral, such as Greece, Turkey, and southern France, as well as compelling analyses of Soviet bloc seaside resorts along the Black Sea and Baltic coasts, and in beachscapes and tourism architectures of western and eastern hemispheres, from Southern California to Sri Lanka, South Korea, and Egypt. This collection makes a compelling argument that "leisurescapes," far from being supra-ideological and apolitical spatial expressions of modernization, development, and progress, have often concealed histories of conflict, violence, social inequalities, and environmental degradation. It will be of interest to architectural and urban historians, architects and planners, as well as urban geographers, economic and environmental historians.
Disruptive Technologies, Climate Change and Shipping (Maritime and Transport Law Library)
by Bar 305 351 Soyer Andrew TettenbornThis book analyses the impact of two vital and contemporary developments on shipping law and practice: disruptive technologies and climate change. It considers the impact of these new technologies, honing in on likely emerging issues and unresolved questions, especially about existing and potential private law liabilities and concentrates, from the point of view of English, EU and international law, on the legal implications of climate change and associated environmental risks in the shipping sector. Written by a contributor team drawn from the most experienced and knowledgeable academics and practitioners in shipping law, this treatment of these growing areas of practice will be of great use to lawyers and administrators across the world.
The Carbon Chain in Carbon Dioxide Industrial Utilization Technologies: A Case Study
by Dariusz Wawrzy 324 Czak Izabela Majchrzak-Kucę Ba Covadonga Pevida Giuseppe Bonura Rita Nogueira Marcello De FalcoA shift towards implementation of renewable energy has disadvantages, such as power availability, storage capacity, and accompanying costs, and therefore the potential of clean fossil fuel technologies to ensure the stability of electricity generation needs to be reconsidered until these challenges will be overcome. These clean technologies can help prevent the greenhouse effect and, at the same time, guarantee energy security, as coal is a widespread, price-stable raw material that is available in large quantities. This book focuses on the carbon chain, starting from the formation of CO2, through its capture, possible cleaning, to the production of useful products such as dimethylether, methanol, and carbonated cement prefabricates. The comprehensive case study presents the research results of an international team established within the "CCS-CCU technology for carbon footprint reduction using bio-adsorbents" (BIOCO2) project.
Sentient Ecologies: Xenophobic Imaginaries of Landscape (Environmental Anthropology and Ethnobiology #31)
by Alexandra Co 539 Ofan 259 Hikmet KuranEmploying methodological perspectives from the fields of political geography, environmental studies, anthropology, and their cognate disciplines, this volume explores alternative logics of sentient landscapes as racist, xenophobic, and right-wing. While the field of sentient landscapes has gained critical attention, the literature rarely seems to question the intentionality of sentient landscapes, which are often romanticized as pure, good, and just, and perceived as protectors of those who are powerless, indigenous, and colonized. The book takes a new stance on sentient landscapes with the intention of dispelling the denial of “coevalness” represented by their scholarly romanticization.
Manual of the Grasses of the United States, Volume One
by A. S. U.S. Dept. of Agriculture A. S. HitchcockThis work is actually the definitive encyclopedia of United States grass life. Compiled from the U.S. National Herbarium collection, the largest of its kind in the world, it is the only complete manual of U.S. grasses available and one of the basic reference works on U.S. plant life. It catalogs and describes in detail all 1,398 numbered species in 169 numbered genera found in this country, plus 120 species in 16 genera of the so-called “waifs.” Professor Hitchcock is the former Chief Botanist in charge of systematic agrostology for the U.S. Department of Agriculture, by whom the work was originally published, and an internationally known authority.The heart of the book is its detailed descriptions of the family of grasses, the two main subfamilies, the tribes, genera, and species. Quick finding keys are provided for the identification of tribes and genera. Each of the species is given thorough botanical description, including various aspects of its morphology — size, shape, form of culms, blades, panicles, spikes, and flowers — and height, proper planting season, and range of distribution are noted. The Manual also outlines the common uses to which grasses are put and discusses in general terms their distribution, classification, nomenclature, and common names. The 1,199 drawings make identification of any grass species found in the United States a virtual certainty. The appended synonymy of alternate names for each species provides an authoritative taxonomy, eliminating confusion.The nature lover with no more technical equipment than a keen eye can use this manual with profit, for a glossary of botanical terms is included. Naturalists, botanists, agriculturists, and horticulturists will find it valuable as a field and research guide to virtually all the grasses that grow in this country.
Manual of the Grasses of the United States, Volume Two
by A. S. U.S. Dept. of Agriculture A. S. HitchcockThis work is actually the definitive encyclopedia of United States grass life. Compiled from the U.S. National Herbarium collection, the largest of its kind in the world, it is the only complete manual of U.S. grasses available and one of the basic reference works on U.S. plant life. It catalogs and describes in detail all 1,398 numbered species in 169 numbered genera found in this country, plus 120 species in 16 genera of the so-called “waifs.” Professor Hitchcock is the former Chief Botanist in charge of systematic agrostology for the U.S. Department of Agriculture, by whom the work was originally published, and an internationally known authority.The heart of the book is its detailed descriptions of the family of grasses, the two main subfamilies, the tribes, genera, and species. Quick finding keys are provided for the identification of tribes and genera. Each of the species is given thorough botanical description, including various aspects of its morphology — size, shape, form of culms, blades, panicles, spikes, and flowers — and height, proper planting season, and range of distribution are noted. The Manual also outlines the common uses to which grasses are put and discusses in general terms their distribution, classification, nomenclature, and common names. The 1,199 drawings make identification of any grass species found in the United States a virtual certainty. The appended synonymy of alternate names for each species provides an authoritative taxonomy, eliminating confusion.The nature lover with no more technical equipment than a keen eye can use this manual with profit, for a glossary of botanical terms is included. Naturalists, botanists, agriculturists, and horticulturists will find it valuable as a field and research guide to virtually all the grasses that grow in this country.
Creative Conservation: Interactive management of wild and captive animals
by A. T. C.Feistner G. M. Mace P. J. S.OlneyPast progress and future challenges R.J. Wheater Royal Zoological Society of Scotland, Edinburgh, UK. In the past two decades much has been achieved in the sphere of breeding endangered species, and we should be pleased that our co operative efforts have already borne so much fruit. However, on balance and despite the best efforts of conservationists, the position of wildlife in the wild places where they are best conserved has become worse, often dramatically worse. Before returning to the United Kingdom in 1972, I was in Uganda for 16 years, most of which time was spent as Chief Warden of Murchison Falls National Park. Our main problem was that an over-population of large mammals was having a devastating impact on the habitat. Devas tation was being wrought on woodland areas by the arrival of large numbers of elephants into the sanctuary of the Park, following changes in land use in the areas outside the Park. These changes were in response to the requirements of an ever-expanding human population.
The Natural World of Winnie-the-Pooh: A Walk Through the Forest that Inspired the Hundred Acre Wood
by Kathryn AaltoA New York Times Bestseller This charmingly illustrated book explores the real landscape of the Ashdown Forest, A. A. Milne's inspiration for the Hundred Acre Wood, the magical realm in which Winnie-the-Pooh and his friends lived and played.
Writing Wild: Women Poets, Ramblers, and Mavericks Who Shape How We See the Natural World
by Kathryn AaltoWriting Wild, by New York Times-bestselling author Kathryn Aalto, explores the lasting impact of 25 women writers whose pens have left an indelible mark on the world of nature writing.
Changing Trends in Antarctic Research (Environment & Assessment #3)
by AantElzingaThe core of this volume is a report from a symposium held at the University of Goteborg in the Fall of 1991. It deals with the interplay of science and politics and how^ such interplay affects research agendas. The focus is on polar research in Antarctica, a continent that has been much in the news during the past couple of years. It gives me particular pleasure to thank all the speakers who took part in the program. All of them have many commitments and involvements in international polar research and the protection of Antarctica for its scientific and aesthetic values. The fact that such a distinguished group has been willing to come to Goteborg, to my mind attests to the importance and timeliness of our topic and the relevance of epistemological and policy issues in this field. A presentation of each speaker and author is made within the relevant chapters in the text. My interest in the Antarctic has its origins in discussions with Anders Karlqvist, the Director of the Swedish Polar Research Secretariate at the Royal Academy of Science in Stockholm. Anders and I had worked together in the early 80's in a program on Technology and Culture, among other at the Research Policy Institute in Lund. At the time he was with the Swedish Council for Planning and Coordination of Research (FRN), its Committee for Future Oriented Research headed by Torsten Hagerstrand.
Sounds, Ecologies, Musics
by Aaron S. Allen and Jeff Todd TitonSounds, Ecologies, Musics poses exciting challenges and provides fresh opportunities for scholars, scientists, environmental activists, musicians, and listeners to consider music and sound from ecological standpoints. Authors in Part I examine the natural and built environment and how music and sound are woven into it, how the environment enables music and sound, and how the natural and cultural production of music and sound in turn impact the environment. In Part II, contributors consider music and sound in relation to ecological knowledges that appear to conflict with, yet may be viewed as complementary to, Western science: traditional and Indigenous ecological and environmental knowledges. Part III features multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary approaches by scholars, scientists, and practitioners who probe the ecological imaginary regarding the complex ideas and contested keywords that characterize ecomusicology: sound, music, culture, society, environment, and nature. A common theme across the book is the idea of diverse ecologies. Once confined to the natural sciences, the word "ecology" is common today in the social sciences, humanities, and arts - yet its diverse uses have become imprecise and confusing. Engaging the conflicting and complementary meanings of "ecology" requires embracing a both/and approach. Diverse ecologies are illustrated in the methodological, terminological, and topical variety of the chapters as well as the contributors' choice of sources and their disciplinary backgrounds. In times of mounting human and planetary crises, Sounds, Ecologies, Musics challenges disciplinarity and broadens the interdisciplinary field of ecomusicologies. These theoretical and practical studies expand sonic, scholarly, and political activism from the diversity-equity-inclusion agenda of social justice to embrace the more diverse and inclusive agenda of ecocentric ecojustice.
Iron Nutrition in Soils and Plants: Proceedings of the Seventh International Symposium on Iron Nutrition and Interactions in Plants, June 27–July 2, 1993, Zaragoza, Spain (Developments in Plant and Soil Sciences #59)
by Javier AbadíaIron is a major constituent of the earth crust. However, under alkaline conditions commonly found in arid and semi-arid environments iron becomes unavailable to plants. When plants are affected by a shortage of iron their leaves become yellow (chlorotic), and both plant growth and crop yield are reduced. The roots of plants affected by iron deficiency may develop a series of responses directed to improve iron uptake, such as increased proton excretion and iron reduction capabilities or excretion of iron chela tors called siderophores. Iron deficiency affects major crops worldwide, including some of major economic importance such as fruit trees and others. Correction of iron deficiency is usually implemented through costly application of synthetic chelates. Since these correction methods are very expensive, the competitivity of farmers is often reduced and iron deficiency may become a limiting factor for the maintenance, introduction or expansion of some crops. In spite of the many years devoted to the study of iron deficiency, the knowledge of iron deficiency in soils and plants is still fragmentary in many aspects. We have only incomplete information on the processes at the molecular level that make some plant species and cultivars unable to take and utilize iron from the soil, whereas other plants grow satisfactorily under the same conditions.
The Art of Camping: The History and Practice of Sleeping Under the Stars
by Matthew De AbaituaCould there be another way of life? Can I survive with less stuff? Should I run for the hills?These are all good questions that people have asked before, throughout history, and which have inspired people to set up camp. But now camping is part of the drive for self-sufficiency, a reaction against mass tourism, a chance to connect with the land, to experience a community, to leave no trace . . . From packing to pitching, with hikes into the deep history of the subject and encounters with the great campers and camping movements of the past, this is the only book you'll need to pack when you next head off to sleep under the stars.IF THERE IS ONE THING THAT CAMPERS LIKE MORE THAN CAMPING, IT'S DREAMING ABOUT THEIR NEXT TRIP
The Law for Energy Prosumers: The Case of the Netherlands, New Zealand and Colombia
by Daniela Aguilar AbaunzaThis book argues that law has a vital role in shaping the electricity system to enable a more active role for consumers in liberalizsed electricity industries. To do that, this book offers a unique legal perspective of the Netherlands, New Zealand and Colombia to help understand some of the current legal approaches to prosumers and therefore the legal challenges and opportunities facing. Law and regulation have the role of creating a level playing field for emerging participants, such as prosumers, to participate and compete in the market together with traditional actors, bringing not only more competition but also representing a more sustainable, environmental and democratic way to supply energy. Furthermore, law and regulation have the role of responding to innovation and creating space for technological advances to procure the changes in the industry without delay. This book examines some of the legal barriers for the raise of energy prosumers. The traditional role of the distributor when responding to increasing distributed generation in the network; prosumers unable to decide to whom they can sell their electricity to; the price of the energy or even whether to participate more actively in demand response programs. A further issue is the lack of clarity about whether small prosumers are entitled to consumer protection rights and legal challenges regarding configuration, access to the network, access to markets and strict unbundling rules for community energy projects. This book provides a clear, analytical, and informed approach to understanding the regulatory framework around energy prosumers. It will appeal to policy makers, lawyers, individuals, business entrepreneurs or communities wanting to engage in energy projects, as well as academics, researchers and students
Intellectual Property, Climate Change and Technology: Managing National Legal Intersections, Relationships and Conflicts (Elgar Monographs in Intellectual Property Law)
by Abbe E.L. BrownExploring the potential for alignment as well as conflicts between IP and climate change, Intellectual Property, Climate Change and Technology encourages a coherent and integrated approach to decision making. This groundbreaking book identifies and challenges the lack of intersection between intellectual property law and climate change law at national level. It argues that intellectual property confers private rights on the results of innovation and creativity, while climate change law and policy exists more in the public sphere without engagement with intellectual property, with no space for the conflict between this private power and public goal to be investigated in litigation. This thought-provoking book will be of great interest to scholars working in the fields of IP, climate change law, human rights, investor–state dispute settlement, and planning and sustainable development, challenging the assumption that some problems are dealt with only through consideration of certain areas of the law. Proposing new processes for policy and law making in order to remove barriers between these fields, Intellectual Property, Climate Change and Technology will also be a valuable resource for members of parliament and policy makers.
Renewable Gas: The Transition to Low Carbon Energy Fuels (Energy, Climate and the Environment)
by Jo AbbessThe author looks at the prospects for a transition from natural gas to low carbon gas, which could take several decades, and at how this will depend on the evolution of the fossil fuel industry. She investigates the technologies and energy systems for making the best use of renewable gas resources.
Desert Solitaire: A Season In The Wilderness
by Edward Abbey‘My favourite book about the wilderness’ Cheryl Strayed, author of Wild In this shimmering masterpiece of American nature writing, Edward Abbey ventures alone into the canyonlands of Moab, Utah, to work as a seasonal ranger for the United States National Park Service.
The Environmental Crunch in Africa
by Jon AbbinkThis book discusses the problems and challenges of environmental–ecological conditions in Africa, amidst the current craze of economic growth and ‘development’. Africa’s significant economic dynamics and growth trajectories are marked by neglect of the environment, reinforcing ecological crises. Unless environmental–ecological and population growth problems are addressed as an integral part of developmental strategies and growth models, the crises will accelerate and lead to huge costs in later years. Chapters examine multiple emerging tension points all across the continent, including the potential benefits and harm of growing urban-based ecotourism, the trajectory of labour-saving technologies and the problems facing agro-pastoralism. Although environmental management and sustainability features of African rural societies should not be idealized, functional 'traditional' economies, interests and management practices are often bypassed, seen by state elites as inefficient and inhibiting 'growth'. In many regions the seeds are now sown for lasting environmental crises that will affect local societies that have rarely been given opportunity to claim accountability from the state regimes and donors driving these changes.
Enforcing Pollution Control Regulation: Strengthening Sanctions and Improving Deterrence
by Carolyn AbbotMonitoring and enforcement issues must be analysed when determining the effectiveness of pollution control regulation, and clearly influence choices about how to regulate. This book demonstrates how an economic analysis of law enforcement can generate important insights into how best to enforce pollution control regulation. It seeks to provide a clear and accessible way into the law and economics literature on enforcement. More specifically, it uses Gary Becker's deterrence model which, by differentiating between two enforcement variables (namely the probability of apprehension and conviction and the severity of sanction), facilitates a comparison of the effectiveness of different enforcement tools in inducing desirable behaviour. As such, it provides a valuable analytical tool in considering how best to pursue cost-effective enforcement.Major themes to be addressed include Becker's deterrence model and expansions thereof, reasons for compliance, environmental enforcement strategies and the importance of a deterrence threat and formal pollution control law enforcement mechanisms such as prosecution and criminal sanctions, administrative mechanisms and civil liability. The book argues that in pursuing cost-effective enforcement much can be learned from examining enforcement practices in different jurisdictions, and to this end the author examines pollution control laws, enforcement strategies and sanctions in Australia, Canada and England and Wales.The book makes an important contribution to existing literature on environmental law enforcement, but its value extends beyond this. The theoretical framework adopted and the range of issues discussed make it of interest to regulatory and public law scholars more generally.
Mole's Harvest Moon
by Judi AbbotBear, Mouse and Rabbit are foraging for ingredients for Mole's harvest feast. But as darkness falls they realise they are being followed! Only the light of the harvest moon and their own cunning will get them home - but on this spooky autumn night is everything as it seems?A lovely reassuring autumnal tale about appearances, food and friendship.
Beyond Terror: The Truth About the Real Threats to Our World
by Chris Abbott John Sloboda Paul RogersIs international terrorism really the single greatest threat to world security?Since the 9/11 attacks, many Western governments assume terrorism to be the greatest threat we face. In response, their dangerous policies attempt to maintain control and keep the status quo by using overwhelming military force. This important book shows why this approach has been such a failure, and how it distracts us from other, much greater, threats of climate change, competition over resources, marginalisation of the majority of the world and global militarisation.Unless urgent, coordinated action is taken in the next 5-10 years on all these issues it will be almost imossible to avoid the earth becoming a highly unstable place by the middle years of this century. Beyond Terror offers an alternative path for politicians, journalists and concerned citizens alike.
The Lived Experience of Climate Change: Knowledge, Science and Public Action
by Dina Abbott Gordon WilsonThis book explores the idea that daily lived experiences of climate change are a crucial missing link in our knowledge that contrasts with scientific understandings of this global problem. It argues that both kinds of knowledge are limiting: the sciences by their disciplines and lived experiences by the boundaries of everyday lives. Therefore each group needs to engage the other in order to enrich and expand understanding of climate change and what to do about it.Complemented by a rich collection of examples and case studies, this book proposes a novel way of generating and analysing knowledge about climate change and how it may be used. The reader is introduced to new insights where the book:• Provides a framework that explains the variety of simultaneous, co-existing and often contradictory perspectives on climate change.• Reclaims everyday experiential knowledge as crucial for meeting global challenges such as climate change.• Overcomes the science-citizen dichotomy and leads to new ways of examining public engagement with science. Scientists are also human beings with lived experiences that filter their scientific findings into knowledge and actions.• Develops a ‘public action theory of knowledge’ as a tool for exploring how decisions on climate policy and intervention are reached and enacted.While scientists (physical and social) seek to explain climate change and its impacts, millions of people throughout the world experience it personally in their daily lives. The experience might be bad, as during extreme weather, engender hostility when governments attempt mitigation, and sometimes it is benign. This book seeks to understand the complex, often contradictory knowledge dynamics that inform the climate change debate, and is written clearly for a broad audience including lecturers, students, practitioners and activists, indeed anyone who wishes to gain further insight into this far-reaching issue.
Insects of North America (Princeton Field Guides #157)
by Dr. John C. Abbott Kendra K. AbbottThe ultimate photographic field guide to North American insectsThis amazing field guide enables you to identify all 783 families of insects currently recognized in the United States and Canada. Richly illustrated with more than 3,700 stunning photos along with keys to families for many of the orders, Insects of North America features a comprehensive introduction that discusses classification and nomenclature, insect diversity, global threats, the latest collecting and curatorial techniques, and the many ways these remarkable organisms impact society. Combined with in-depth taxonomic coverage, this is the essential resource for both professionals and amateurs interested in the most diverse group of animals on the planet.Covers all 783 insect families known to occur in the United States and CanadaFeatures more than 3,700 color photos, with nearly every photo identified to species levelIncludes an illustrated glossary for easy reference in the fieldThe first field companion of its kind since the publication of the Peterson guide in 1970Ideal for entomology courses of all levelsAn invaluable resource for anyone interested in insects
Soil Biological Fertility: A Key to Sustainable Land Use in Agriculture
by Lynette K. Abbott Daniel V. MurphyIt is becoming more relevant to explore soil biological processes in terms of their contribution to soil fertility. This book presents a comprehensive scientific overview of the components and processes that underpin the biological characteristics of soil fertility. It highlights the enormous diversity of life in soil and the resulting effects that management of land can have on the contribution of this diverse community to soil fertility in an agricultural context.