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Aerospace Engineering on the Back of an Envelope (Springer Praxis Books)
by Irwin E. AlberEngineers need to acquire “Back-of-the-Envelope” survival skills to obtain rough quantitative answers to real-world problems, particularly when working on projects with enormous complexity and very limited resources. In the case studies treated in this book, we show step-by-step examples of the physical arguments and the resulting calculations obtained using the quick-fire method. We also demonstrate the estimation improvements that can be obtained through the use of more detailed physics-based Back-of-the-Envelope engineering models. These different methods are used to obtain the solutions to a number of design and performance estimation problems arising from two of the most complex real-world engineering projects: the Space Shuttle and the Hubble Space Telescope satellite.
Young Sun, Early Earth and the Origins of Life: Lessons for Astrobiology
by Muriel Gargaud Hervé Martin Purificación López-García Thierry Montmerle Robert Pascal- How did the Sun come into existence? - How was the Earth formed? - How long has Earth been the way it is now, with its combination of oceans and continents? - How do you define “life”? - How did the first life forms emerge? - What conditions made it possible for living things to evolve? All these questions are answered in this colourful textbook addressing undergraduate students in "Origins of Life" courses and the scientifically interested public. The authors take the reader on an amazing voyage through time, beginning five thousand million years ago in a cloud of interstellar dust and ending five hundred million years ago, when the living world that we see today was finally formed. A chapter on exoplanets provides an overview of the search for planets outside the solar system, especially for habitable ones.The appendix closes the book with a glossary, a bibliography of further readings and a summary of the Origins of the Earth and life in fourteen boxes.
Werkstoffe: Aufbau und Eigenschaften von Keramik-, Metall-, Polymer- und Verbundwerkstoffen (Springer-Lehrbuch)
by Erhard Hornbogen Gunther Eggeler Ewald WernerAusgehend von den Mikrostrukturen der Werkstoffe, ihren Bildungsbedingungen und Stoffeigenschaften, werden die keramischen und metallischen Polymer- und Verbundwerkstoffe systematisch und praxisnah dargestellt. Dabei werden neue Entwicklungen wie z. B. Supraleiter, Formgedächtnislegierungen, Biopolymere und Piezoelektrika ebenso berücksichtigt wie Stoffkreisläufe oder Fragen der Nachhaltigkeit. Für die Neuauflage wurden Text- und Bildmaterial aktualisiert und gründlich überarbeitet. Jedes Kapitel enthält Lernziele und Fragen zur Erfolgskontrolle.
Physeal Injury Other Than Fracture
by Hamlet A. PetersonThis book documents all the ways a growth plate can be damaged, other than fracture. This damage can be inflicted by a wide variety of insults, most of which are uncommon occurrences. They all, however, have two similar characteristics: normal roentgenographs at the time of insult and premature complete or partial arrest noted weeks, months, or years later. Because of this delay, the arrest is often not suspected or recognised early. The resulting bone deformity and relative shortening usually go undetected until corrective surgery is needed. This book emphasises etiology, diagnosis, and treatment of these injuries.
Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy: Measuring and Compensating Electrostatic Forces (Springer Series in Surface Sciences #48)
by Sascha Sadewasser Thilo GlatzelOver the nearly 20 years of Kelvin probe force microscopy, an increasing interest in the technique and its applications has developed. This book gives a concise introduction into the method and describes various experimental techniques. Surface potential studies on semiconductor materials, nanostructures and devices are described, as well as application to molecular and organic materials. The current state of surface potential at the atomic scale is also considered. This book presents an excellent introduction for the newcomer to this field, as much as a valuable resource for the expert.
Physik für Ingenieure (Springer-Lehrbuch)
by Ekbert Hering Rolf Martin Martin StohrerDer Band bietet eine kompakte und übersichtliche Darstellung der physikalischen Grundlagen. Komplizierte Zusammenhänge werden in zweifarbigen Übersichten veranschaulicht. Zahlreiche Berechnungsbeispiele aus dem Arbeitsgebiet des Ingenieurs stellen den Bezug zur Praxis her. Das Periodensystem der Elemente ist in zwei mehrfarbigen Falttafeln dargestellt. Die 11. Auflage wurde neu bearbeitet und um ausführliche Lösungen zu den zahlreichen Übungsaufgaben ergänzt.
International Conference on Advancements of Medicine and Health Care through Technology; 29th August - 2nd September 2011, Cluj-Napoca, Romania: MEDITECH 2011 (IFMBE Proceedings #36)
by Simona Vlad Radu V. CiupaThis volume presents the contributions of the third International Conference on Advancements of Medicine and Health Care through Technology (Meditech 2011), held in in Cluj-Napoca, Romania. The papers of this Proceedings volume present new developments in - Health Care Technology, - Medical Devices, Measurement and Instrumentation, - Medical Imaging, Image and Signal Processing, - Modeling and Simulation, - Molecular Bioengineering, - Biomechanics.
Theory of Phase Transitions in Polypeptides and Proteins (Springer Theses)
by Alexander V. YakubovichThere are nearly 100 000 different protein sequences encoded in the human genome, each with its own specific fold. Understanding how a newly formed polypeptide sequence finds its way to the correct fold is one of the greatest challenges in the modern structural biology. The aim of this thesis is to provide novel insights into protein folding by considering the problem from the point of view of statistical mechanics. The thesis starts by investigating the fundamental degrees of freedom in polypeptides that are responsible for the conformational transitions. This knowledge is then applied in the statistical mechanics description of helix↔coil transitions in polypeptides. Finally, the theoretical formalism is generalized to the case of proteins in an aqueous environment. The major novelty of this work lies in combining (a) a formalism based on fundamental physical properties of the system and (b) the resulting possibility of describing the folding↔unfolding transitions quantitatively. The clear physical nature of the formalism opens the way to further applications in a large variety of systems and processes.
Elektrische Messtechnik: Analoge, digitale und computergestützte Verfahren (Springer-Lehrbuch)
by Reinhard LerchDas Lehrbuch bietet eine umfassende Einführung in die moderne elektrische Messtechnik. Behandelt werden Fehlerrechnung, Erfassung von dynamischen Messfehlern und ihren Korrekturen, Geräte und Verfahren der analogen Messtechnik, Analog-Digital- und Digital-Analog-Umsetzer sowie digitale Messgeräte. Kapitel zur rechnergestützten Messdatenerfassung wurden für die Neuauflage aktualisiert, Abschnitte zur Messsignalverarbeitung erweitert. Die DVD enthält Übungsaufgaben zur Messdatenerfassung und zur Programmierung von Speicherprogrammierbaren Steuerungen.
Praxisleitfaden Immobilienanschaffung und Immobilienfinanzierung: Verständlicher und praxisorientierter Ratgeber für Immobilienerwerber in Deutschland mit aktueller Darstellung der Rechtslage und Berechnungstool für Kreditfinanzierungen
by Guido RennertDer Praxisleitfaden ist für alle diejenigen geschrieben, die in Deutschland eine (kreditfinanzierte) Immobilie kaufen oder selbst bauen wollen. Der Autor stellt das Thema anschaulich und leicht verständlich dar, wobei er prägnant und detailliert sowohl an rechtliche als auch an wirtschaftliche Fragestellungen heranführt. Die Inhalte werden anhand von Beispielen mit konkreten Berechnungen und Bezügen zur aktuellen Rechtslage illustriert. Das Berechnungs-Tool hilft bei der Ermittlung der tatsächlichen Kosten einer Kreditfinanzierung.
Optimization Based Clearance of Flight Control Laws: A Civil Aircraft Application (Lecture Notes in Control and Information Sciences #416)
by Andreas Varga Anders Hansson Guilhem PuyouThis book summarizes the main achievements of the EC funded 6th Framework Program project COFCLUO – Clearance of Flight Control Laws Using Optimization. This project successfully contributed to the achievement of a top-level objective to meet society’s needs for a more efficient, safer and environmentally friendly air transport by providing new techniques and tools for the clearance of flight control laws. This is an important part of the certification and qualification process of an aircraft – a costly and time-consuming process for the aeronautical industry. The overall objective of the COFCLUO project was to develop and apply optimization techniques to the clearance of flight control laws in order to improve efficiency and reliability. In the book, the new techniques are explained and benchmarked against traditional techniques currently used by the industry. The new techniques build on mathematical criteria derived from the certification and qualification requirements together with suitable models of the aircraft. The development of these criteria and models are also presented in the book. Because of wider applicability, the optimization-based clearance of flight control laws will open up the possibility to design innovative aircraft that today are out of the scope using classical clearance tools. Optimization-based clearance will not only increase safety but it will also simplify the whole certification and qualification process, thus significantly reduce cost. The achieved speedup will also support rapid modeling and prototyping and reduce “time to market”.
Unconventional Superconductors: Anisotropy and Multiband Effects (Springer Series in Materials Science #153)
by Iman AskerzadeThis book presents the anisotropy and multiband effects in newly discovered unconventional superconductors: cuprate superconductors, borocarbides, magnezium-diboride and oxypnictides. The physical properties of these unconventional superconductors and the application of the two-band Ginzburg-Landau theory to these superconducting compounds are explained. Temperature dependencies of fundamental superconducting parameters are calculated using the GL theory taking into account multiband-and anisotropy effects. A comparision of theoretical results and experimental data is conducted. Additionally, the analytical solution of the microscopical Eliashberg theory and of the BCS theory is developed for two-band and anisotropic superconductors. Fluctuation effects in newly discovered superconductors are also discussed.
Materials with Complex Behaviour II: Properties, Non-Classical Materials and New Technologies (Advanced Structured Materials #16)
by Andreas Öchsner, Lucas F. M. Silva and Holm AltenbachThis volume highlights the latest developments and trends in advanced materials and their properties, the modeling and simulation of non-classical materials and structures, and new technologies for joining materials. It presents the developments of advanced materials and respective tools to characterize and predict the material properties and behavior.
Inverse Analyses with Model Reduction: Proper Orthogonal Decomposition in Structural Mechanics (Computational Fluid and Solid Mechanics)
by Vladimir BuljakIn this self-consistent monograph, the author gathers and describes different mathematical techniques and combines all together to form practical procedures for the inverse analyses. It puts together topics coming from mathematical programming, with soft computing and Proper Orthogonal Decomposition, in order to show, in the context of structural analyses, how the things work and what are the main problems one needs to tackle. Throughout the book a number of examples and exercises are worked out in order to make reader practically familiar with discussed topics.
The Schrödinger-Virasoro Algebra: Mathematical structure and dynamical Schrödinger symmetries (Theoretical and Mathematical Physics)
by Jérémie Unterberger Claude RogerThis monograph provides the first up-to-date and self-contained presentation of a recently discovered mathematical structure—the Schrödinger-Virasoro algebra. Just as Poincaré invariance or conformal (Virasoro) invariance play a key rôle in understanding, respectively, elementary particles and two-dimensional equilibrium statistical physics, this algebra of non-relativistic conformal symmetries may be expected to apply itself naturally to the study of some models of non-equilibrium statistical physics, or more specifically in the context of recent developments related to the non-relativistic AdS/CFT correspondence. The study of the structure of this infinite-dimensional Lie algebra touches upon topics as various as statistical physics, vertex algebras, Poisson geometry, integrable systems and supergeometry as well as representation theory, the cohomology of infinite-dimensional Lie algebras, and the spectral theory of Schrödinger operators.
Nonlinear Dynamical Systems in Engineering: Some Approximate Approaches
by Vasile Marinca Nicolae HerisanuThis book presents and extend different known methods to solve different types of strong nonlinearities encountered by engineering systems. A better knowledge of the classical methods presented in the first part lead to a better choice of the so-called “base functions”. These are absolutely necessary to obtain the auxiliary functions involved in the optimal approaches which are presented in the second part. Every chapter introduces a distinct approximate method applicable to nonlinear dynamical systems. Each approximate analytical approach is accompanied by representative examples related to nonlinear dynamical systems from to various fields of engineering.
Advances in Extended and Multifield Theories for Continua (Lecture Notes in Applied and Computational Mechanics #59)
by Bernd MarkertModern computational techniques, such as the Finite Element Method, have, since their development several decades ago, successfully exploited continuum theories for numerous applications in science and technology. Although standard continuum methods based upon the Cauchy-Boltzmann continuum are still of great importance and are widely used, it increasingly appears that material properties stemming from microstructural phenomena have to be considered. This is particularly true for inhomogeneous load and deformation states, where lower-scale size effects begin to affect the macroscopic material response; something standard continuum theories fail to account for. Following this idea, it is evident that standard continuum mechanics has to be augmented to capture lower-scale structural and compositional phenomena, and to make this information accessible to macroscopic numerical simulations.
Progress in Botany Vol. 73 (Progress in Botany #73)
by Ulrich Lüttge, Wolfram Beyschlag, Burkhard Büdel and Dennis FrancisWith one volume each year, this series keeps scientists and advanced students informed of the latest developments and results in all areas of the plant sciences. The present volume includes reviews on genetics, cell biology, physiology, comparative morphology, systematics, ecology, and vegetation science.
Transition Metal Catalyzed Enantioselective Allylic Substitution in Organic Synthesis (Topics in Organometallic Chemistry #38)
by Uli KazmaierGiovanni Poli, Guillaume Prestat, Frédéric Liron, Claire Kammerer-Pentier: Selectivity in Palladium Catalyzed Allylic Substitution.- Jonatan Kleimark and Per-Ola Norrby: Computational Insights into Palladium-mediated Allylic Substitution Reactions.- Ludovic Milhau, Patrick J. Guiry: Palladium-catalyzed enantioselective allylic substitution.- Wen-Bo Liu, Ji-Bao Xia, Shu-Li You: Iridium-Catalyzed Asymmetric Allylic Substitutions.- Christina Moberg: Molybdenum- and Tungsten-Catalyzed Enantioselective Allylic Substitutions.- Jean-Baptiste Langlois, Alexandre Alexakis: Copper-catalyzed enantioselective allylic substitution.- Jeanne-Marie Begouin, Johannes E. M. N. Klein, Daniel Weickmann, B. Plietker: Allylic Substitutions Catalyzed by Miscellaneous Metals.- Barry M. Trost, Matthew L. Crawley: Enantioselective Allylic Substitutions in Natural Product Synthesis.
How Likely is Extraterrestrial Life? (SpringerBriefs in Astronomy)
by J. Woods HalleyWhat does existing scientific knowledge about physics, chemistry, meteorology and biology tell us about the likelihood of extraterrestrial life and civilizations? And what does the fact that there is currently no credible scientific evidence for the existence of extraterrestrial biospheres or civilizations teach us? This book reviews the various scientific issues that arise in considering the question of how common extraterrestrial life is likely to be in our galaxy and whether humans are likely to detect it. The book stands out because of its very systematic organization and relatively unbiased treatment of the main open question. It covers all relevant aspects of many disciplines required to present the different possible answers. It has and will provide undergraduates with a stimulating introduction to many of these fields at an early stage in their university careers, when they are still choosing a specialty. The difficulties and the range of possible answers to the title question are carefully addressed in the light of present understanding. The resulting perspective is distinctly different from those suggested by most other books on this topic.
Deficits in EU and US Mandatory Environmental Information Disclosure: Legal, Comparative Legal and Economic Facets of Pollutant Release Inventories
by Dirk BüngerIt is the publicity about the Pollutant Release Inventory’s data which creates an incentive for firms to achieve emission reductions. Accordingly, public access to environmental information constitutes a core characteristic of the aforementioned inventory. Here, in essence, two facets arise. First, with regard to the collection, it is disputed whether such information, which may comprise confidential commercial and industrial information in the EU as well as trade secrets in the US, can be protected under fundamental and constitutional property rights respectively. Second, in the context of dissemination and utilisation, it is arguable whether the information indeed impacts polluters and produces an outcome that secures a certain level of environmental protection. The author responds to the first issue by taking the EU and US jurisdictions into account and strives to analyse how this novel form of Internet disclosure liberates market mechanisms in the quest for effective and efficient emission reductions.
Femoroacetabular Impingement
by Óliver Marín-PeñaThis book is the first monograph to examine all aspects of femoroacetabular impingement (FAI), an important disease first described early in the twenty-first century. Comprising 27 chapters and including many color illustrations, the book contains a variety of points of view from more than 50 experts from 11 countries and represents an up-to-date compilation of professional knowledge on FAI. The full range of available surgical treatments is carefully described and evaluated, including arthroscopic treatment, the open and mini-open approaches, periacetabular osteotomy, hip resurfacing arthroplasty, and combined techniques. Differential diagnosis, imaging, postoperative management, and treatment outcome are also discussed in appropriate detail. It is hoped that this book will promote a comprehensive approach to what is a common pathology and thereby encourage further improvement in treatment.
From Sugar to Splenda: A Personal and Scientific Journey of a Carbohydrate Chemist and Expert Witness
by Bert Fraser-ReidMore than just coincidence connects a Tate & Lyle lawsuit and artificial sweetener to Jamaican-born Chemist Bert Fraser-Reid. From his first experience of Chemistry through his diabetic father, to his determination and drive as a Chemistry student in Canada, Fraser-Reid weaves a remarkable tale integrating science, law and autobiographical anecdotes. This book arises from the lawsuit brought by Tate & Lyle against companies accused of infringing its patents for sucralose, the sweet ingredient in the artificial sweetener SPLENDA which is made by chlorinating sugar. From a 1958 undergraduate intern witnessing the pioneering experiments on sugar chlorination, to being the 1991 recipient of the world’s premiere prize for carbohydrate chemistry, Fraser-Reid was groomed for his role as expert witness in the mentioned lawsuit. Nevertheless, it seems more than his career links Fraser-Reid to the case.
Nonlinear Optics and Solid-State Lasers: Advanced Concepts, Tuning-Fundamentals and Applications (Springer Series in Optical Sciences #164)
by Jianquan Yao Yuyue WangThis book covers the complete spectrum of nonlinear optics and all solid state lasers.The book integrates theory, calculations and practical design, technology, experimental schemes and applications. With the expansion and further development of Laser technology, the wavelength spectrum of Lasers had to be enlarged, even to be tunable which requires the use of nonlinear optical and Laser tunable technology. It systematically summarizes and integrates the analysis of international achievements within the last 20 years in this field. It will be helpful for university teachers, graduate students as well as engineers.
The Square Kilometre Array: Proceedings of Symposium 7 of JENAM 2010 (Astrophysics and Space Science Proceedings)
by Domingos Barbosa, Sonia Anton, Leonid Gurvits and Dalmiro Maia: The Square Kilometre Array (SKA) will provide more than one order of magnitude improvement in sensitivity compared with any existing radio telescope over a wavelength range of several hundred to one, from decametric to microwave wavelengths. It will revolutionize the study of the most abundant element in the Universe, hydrogen, from the epoch of reionisation to the present-day, probing the onset formation period of the very first stars, will closely scan proto-planets and, through the precision timing of pulsars, will detect the distortions of space-time due to gravitational radiation. The SKA is a sensing network spanning 3000 km from its centre and with a collecting area of more than 1 square kilometre, using technologies of the 21st century. The SKA will make the study of a wide range of phenomena initially studied at other wavelengths possible at radio wavelengths, as well as opening a new discovery window on new phenomena at radio wavelengths. Symposium 7 of the JENAM 2010 aimed at bringing these diverse opportunities to the attention of both theoretical and observational astronomers working at all wavelengths, including the potential for synergies with other facilities. The meeting highlighted the scientific potential of the SKA, discussed scientific priorities and their impact on the design of the SKA, explored the synergies between the SKA and other next-generation astronomical facilities in different wavelength domains such as the ALMA, ELTs, LSST, JWST, GRE, IXO, Gaia and Euclid, and high-energy facilities (Auger), explored the “cyber–infrastructure” that may become available for the distribution and distributed analysis of SKA data.