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Technology-Based Firms in the Innovation Process: Management, Financing and Regional Networks (Technology, Innovation and Policy (ISI) #5)
by KnutKoschatzkyTechnology-based firms contribute to dynamic competition, ensure product variety, close market gaps and promote job creation. Their development is impeded by a difficult access to capital, high R&D costs and management deficits. The book analyses their chances and risks in the innovation process. Topics deal with the management of technology-based firms, different aspects on their financing, the spectrum of public promotion programmes and the venture capital market in Germany. Finally, the book centres on regional technology and economic promotion and the creation of regional networks for technology-based firms. The reader documents research of Fraunhofer-ISI on technology-based firms and their environment and aims at a better understanding of specific chances and risks in the development process of such firms.
Innovating Government: Normative, Policy and Technological Dimensions of Modern Government (Information Technology and Law Series #20)
by Simone van der Hof and Marga M. M. GroothuisGovernments radically change under the influence of technology. As a result, our lives in interaction with public sector bodies are easier. But the creation of an electronic government also makes us more vulnerable and dependent. Dependent not just on technology itself, but also on the organizations within government that apply technology, collect and use citizen-related information and often demand the citizens submit themselves to technological applications. This book analyzes the legal, ethical, policy and technological dimensions of innovating government. Authors from diverse backgrounds confront the reader with a variety of disciplinary perspectives on persistent themes, like privacy, biometrics, surveillance, e-democracy, electronic government, and identity management. Clearly, the use of technology by governments demands that choices are made. In the search for guiding principles therein, an in-depth understanding of the developments related to electronic government is necessary. This book contributes to this understanding. This book is valuable to academics and practitioners in a wide variety of fields such as public administration and ICT, sociology, political science, communications science, ethics and philosophy. It is also a useful tool for policymakers at the national and international level. Simone van der Hof is Associate Professor at TILT (Tilburg Institute for Law, Technology, and Society), Tilburg University, The Netherlands. Marga Groothuis is Assistant Professor at the Faculty of Law of Leiden University in the Netherlands. Specific to this book: Offers the reader a clear structure Enables the reader to see across disciplinary borders Offers an in-depth insight into new modes of government in various policy domains This is Volume 20 in the Information Technology and Law (IT&Law) Series
Optical Phenomena in Semiconductor Structures of Reduced Dimensions (NATO Science Series E: #248)
by D. J. Lockwood Aron PinczukRemarkable advances in semiconductor growth and processing technologies continue to have a profound impact on condensed-matter physics and to stimulate the invention of novel optoelectronic effects. Intensive research on the behaviors of free carriers has been carried out in the two-dimensional systems of semiconductor heterostructures and in the one and zero-dimensional systems of nanostructures created by the state-of-the-art fabrication methods. These studies have uncovered unexpected quantum mechanical correlations that arise because of the combined effects of strong electron-electron interactions and wave function confinement associated with reduced dimensionality. The investigations of these phenomena are currently at the frontiers of condensed-matter physics. They include areas like the fractional quantum Hall effect, the dynamics of electrons on an ultra short (femtosecond) time scale, electron behavior in quantum wires and dots, and studies of electron tunneling phenomena in ultra small semiconductor structures. Optical techniques have made important contributions to these fields in recent years, but there has been no coherent review of this work until now. The book provides an overview of these recent developments that will be of interest to semiconductor materials scientists in university, government and industrial laboratories.
Synthesis of Marine Natural Products 2: Nonterpenoids (Bioorganic Marine Chemistry #6)
by K.F. Albizati V.A. Martin M.R. Agharahimi D.A. StolzeVolumes five and six of Bioorganic Marine Chemistry differ from their predecessors in two respects - they deal exclusively with laboratory synthesis of marine natural products and they represent the effort of a single author and his associates. The rationale for these departures is readily perceived. For several decades organic synthesis has without doubt been the most spectacular branch of organic chemistry. While the late R.B. Woodward's dictum - organic compounds can undergo only four basic reactions: they can gain electrons; they can lose electrons; they can be transformed with acid or with base - is still true, the wealth and variety of available reagents which will accomplish chemical transformations has reached staggering proportions. Little wonder then, that synthetic methodology has achieved a high degree of predictability and total synthesis of natural products has been successfully directed toward ever more challenging targets. As for the second point, that of single authorship, multiple authorship would invariably have led to gaps and overlaps, thus making it difficult to assemble and assess recent research in a systematic and comprehens ive fashion.
DNA Methylation: Molecular Biology and Biological Significance (Experientia Supplementum #64)
by J. Jost H. SaluzThe occurrence of 5-methylcytosine in DNA was first described in 1948 by Hotchkiss (see first chapter). Recognition of its possible physiologi cal role in eucaryotes was first suggested in 1964 by Srinivasan and Borek (see first chapter). Since then work in a great many laboratories has established both the ubiquity of 5-methylcytosine and the catholicity of its possible regulatory function. The explosive increase in the number of publications dealing with DNA methylation attests to its importance and makes it impossible to write a comprehensive coverage of the literature within the scope of a general review. Since the publication of the 3 most recent books dealing with the subject (DNA methylation by Razin A. , Cedar H. and Riggs A. D. , 1984 Springer Verlag; Molecular Biology of DNA methylation by Adams R. L. P. and Burdon R. H. , 1985 Springer Verlag; Nucleic Acids Methylation, UCLA Symposium suppl. 128, 1989) considerable progress both in the techniques and results has been made in the field of DNA methylation. Thus we asked several authors to write chapters dealing with aspects of DNA methyla tion in which they are experts. This book should be most useful for students, teachers as well as researchers in the field of differentiation and gene regulation. We are most grateful to all our colleagues who were willing to spend much time and effort on the publication of this book. We also want to express our gratitude to Yan Chim Jost for her help in preparing this book.
Index Formula Index: 2nd Supplement Volume 7 C23-C32.5 (Gmelin Handbook of Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry - 8th edition #A-Z / s2 / 7)
by Rainer Bohrer Helga Hartwig Renate Jonuschat Bernd Kalbskopf Renate Nohl Uwe Nohl Hans-Jürgen Richter-Ditten Paul Velic Rudolf WarnckeThe Gmelin Formula Index and its First Supplement covered those volumes of the Eighth Edition of the Gmelin Handbook which had been issued up to the end of 1979. The present Second Supplement updates the Index by inclusion of the volumes which appeared up to the end of 1987. With this Second Supplement all compounds described in the Gmelin Handbook of Inorganic Chemistry in the period between 1924 and 1987 can be located. The basic structure of the Formula Index remains the same as in the previous editions. Computer techniques were employed in the preparation and print of the Second Supple ment. The data acquisition, sorting, and further data handling were performed with the aid of aseries of computer programs developed by staft members of the former "Online Group" of the Gmelin Institute, now at Chemplex GmbH, and by the printer" Universitäts druckerei H. Stürtz AG, Würzburg ". Whereas the Handbook itself will continue to appear in printed form, the present Second Supplement of the Index is intended to be the last one issued in print. The cumulated contents of the Index and its Supplements are contained in the Gmelin Formula Index (GFI) database which is available to the scientific community via STN. This database will be updated annually to include the published Handbook volumes.
Chemisch-technische Untersuchungsmethoden (Chemisch-technische Untersuchungsmethoden)
by Ernst Berl Friedrich Böckmann Georg LungeDieser Buchtitel ist Teil des Digitalisierungsprojekts Springer Book Archives mit Publikationen, die seit den Anfängen des Verlags von 1842 erschienen sind. Der Verlag stellt mit diesem Archiv Quellen für die historische wie auch die disziplingeschichtliche Forschung zur Verfügung, die jeweils im historischen Kontext betrachtet werden müssen. Dieser Titel erschien in der Zeit vor 1945 und wird daher in seiner zeittypischen politisch-ideologischen Ausrichtung vom Verlag nicht beworben.
Mechanik, Relativität, Gravitation: Die Physik des Naturwissenschaftlers
by Gottfried Falk Wolfgang RuppelAus den Besprechungen: "Dieses Buch ist ein Lehrbuch, das Experimentalphysik und theoretische Physik als Einheit auffaßt. Es begreift die Physik nicht als Sammlung von Einzelheiten, sondern stellt die Begriffe in den Vordergrund, die für die gesamte Physik wesentlich sind, wie Energie, Impuls, Drehimpuls. Mit ihnen wird ein Konzept entwickelt, das für alle Teile der Physik tragfähig ist. Ohne auf Strenge zu verzichten, werden nur elementare mathematische Kenntnisse der Analysis und Vektorrechnung benötigt. Dennoch werden ausführlich Probleme und Resultate auch der aktuellen Forschung dargestellt. Das Buch soll den Studenten während seines ganzen Studiums begleiten. Darüber hinaus bietet es auch dem erfahrenen Lehrer und forschenden Naturwissenschaftler neue Einsichten in den begrifflichen Aufbau der Physik." Physikalische Berichte#1
Advances in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology: Brazilian Symposium on Bioinformatics, BSB 2005, Sao Leopoldo, Brazil, July 27-29, 2005, Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #3594)
by Joao Carlos Setubal Sergio Verjovski-AlmeidaThis book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the Brazilian Symposium on Bioinformatics, BSB 2005, held in Sao Leopoldo, Brazil in July 2005. The 15 revised full papers and 10 revised extended abstracts presented together with 3 invited papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 55 submissions. The papers address a broad range of current topics in computational biology and bioinformatics.
Geometric Sums: Risk Analysis, Reliability, Queueing (Mathematics and Its Applications #413)
by Vladimir V. KalashnikovThis book reviews problems associated with rare events arising in a wide range of circumstances, treating such topics as how to evaluate the probability an insurance company will be bankrupted, the lifetime of a redundant system, and the waiting time in a queue. Well-grounded, unique mathematical evaluation methods of basic probability characteristics concerned with rare events are presented, which can be employed in real applications, as the volume also contains relevant numerical and Monte Carlo methods. The various examples, tables, figures and algorithms will also be appreciated. Audience: This work will be useful to graduate students, researchers and specialists interested in applied probability, simulation and operations research.
Water-in-Plants Bibliography: Volume 9, 1983 (Water in Plants Bibliography #9)
by J. Pospísilová J. SolárováThe ninth volume of Water-in-Plants Bibi iography includes papers in al I fields of plant water relations research which appeared during the year 1983. - from theoreti cal considerations about the state of water in cel 15 and its membrane transport to drought resistance of plants or physiological significance of irrigation. In addition to papers devoted entirely to plant water relations, papers on other topics are in cluded if they contain data on plant hydration level, water vapour efflux, rate of water uptake or water transport, etc., or if they contain valuable methodological in formation (measurement of selected microclimatic factors, soi I moisture etc. l. We have tried to cover ful Iy the relevant papers which have been publ ished in important scientific periodicals and books. Articles appeared in local journals, mimeographed booklets, abstracts of thesis and of symposia contributions, etc., were chosen mostly from reprints received directly from authors. The courtesy of those is highly appreciated. The manuscript is usual Iy prepared in May and June of the year fol lowing the year which it covers. Unfortunately some reprints come later and thus the respective references appear in the fol lowing volume, with one year delay. To maximize the value of the bibi iography the references are arranged alphabetic al Iy according to the authors' names, and each volume is provided with three indexes.
Instrumentation and Research Programmes for Small Telescopes: Proceedings of the 118th Symposium of the International Astronomical Union, Held in Christchurch, New Zealand, 2–6 December 1985 (International Astronomical Union Symposia #118)
by P. L. Cottrell J. B. HearnshawThis volume is the proceedings of IAU Symposium No. 118 on "Instrumentation. and Research Programmes for Small Telescopes", where small telescopes were defined as those ground-based instruments with apertures less than 1.5m. The scientific goal of the symposium was to emphasise research programmes which were more suited to smaller tele scopes, on which frequent regular observations can be made. A wide variety of topics on instrumentation, photometry, spectroscopy and polarimetry of objects in the solar system to extragalactic systems were discussed. Each of the four scientific days of the symposium comprised a number of invited review papers, contributed oral papers and discussion sessions devoted purely to the large number (~4) of poster papers. An introductory paper on the research potential of small telescopes sets the scene for the symposium. The proceedings have then been divided into three sections. Section I: Telescopes and instrumentation; Section II: Photometric research programmes; Section III: Spectroscopic research programmes. The diversity of topics within each of these sections indicated the extent to which small telescopes have (and can) contribute greatly to astronomical research. Dr J.A. Graham's summary of the symposium, which illustrates the opportunities available with small telescopes, concludes these proceedings. As in all symposia, the importance of the discussion following each paper was realised. The discussion was recorded on tape (and wherever possible on questions and answer sheets), transcribed and then edited.
Physik der mechanischen Werkstoffprüfung
by NA SpäthDieser Buchtitel ist Teil des Digitalisierungsprojekts Springer Book Archives mit Publikationen, die seit den Anfängen des Verlags von 1842 erschienen sind. Der Verlag stellt mit diesem Archiv Quellen für die historische wie auch die disziplingeschichtliche Forschung zur Verfügung, die jeweils im historischen Kontext betrachtet werden müssen. Dieser Titel erschien in der Zeit vor 1945 und wird daher in seiner zeittypischen politisch-ideologischen Ausrichtung vom Verlag nicht beworben.
Seismische Prospektion: Ein Lehr- und Hilfsbuch zur Auswertung von Laufzeitmessungen (Lehrbücher und Monographien aus dem Gebiete der exakten Wissenschaften #6)
by F. GassmannVon allen geophysikalischen Prospektionsmethoden ist, was die erreichbare Genauigkeit und die Vielfalt der Anwendungsgebiete betrifft, die Laufzeit seismik die bedeutendste. Neben den sich speziell in Geophysik ausbildenden Studierenden sind es daher vor allem die Geologiestundenten, für die es von grossem Interesse ist, in Vorlesungen und Übungen mit den Auswertungs methoden der Laufzeitseismik vertraut gemacht zu werden. Das vorliegende Werk soll dabei als Lehr-und Hilfsbuch dienen. Die nötigen mathematischen Vorkenntnisse sind in 111 A präzisiert und können bei den Geologiestudenten vorausgesetzt werden. Es versteht sich von selbst, dass das Buch auch von den angehenden Physikern, Vermessungsingenieuren und andern an ange wandter Geophysik interessierten Studierenden als Lehrmittel und von den in der seismischen Praxis Tätigen als Leitfaden und Hilfsbuch benützt werden kann. Das Buch besteht aus den fünf verschiedenartigen Teilen I bis V: Teil I befasst sich mit einigen grundlegenden Gesichtspunkten und Begriffen, die allgemein die Auswertungsverfahren der geophysikalischen Prospektion betreffen. Teil 11 ist der Hauptteil des Buches. 11 A handelt von den für die Lauf zeitseismik massgebenden elastischen Eigenschaften der geologischen Körper. 11 B führt in die Grundbegriffe der Laufzeitseismik ein. In den Kapiteln 11 C bis 11 L sind die wichtigsten, den Aufbau des Untergrundes betreffenden einfachen Modellfälle behandelt. So wird in 11 C der Untergrund als isotroper, homogener Körper, in 11 D als aus zwei solchen Körpern bestehend vorausgesetzt usw. In 11 L schliesslich ist der Untergrund als einachsig anisotroper Körper angenommen.
Hypertrophic Reservoirs for Wastewater Storage and Reuse: Ecology, Performance, and Engineering Design (Environmental Science and Engineering)
by Inka Dor Marcelo JuanicóReservoirs for Wastewater Storage and Reuse is a compendium of available information on this emergent technology, from the role that wastewater reservoirs can play within general water resources management and wastewater reuse policy, to the design and operation of the units, including removal efficiencies for different pollutants. Furthermore, a detailed description of the ecological structure and function of the ecosystem of reservoirs is given. This book summarizes more than 20 years of research and development in Israel where more than 200 of these reservoirs are in operation. It includes both theoretical developments and practical experience gained by designers, operators and farmers. Potential geographic areas for the use of these reservoirs are the whole Mediterranean region, the Pacific coasts of both South and North America, the Atlantic coasts of Africa, the Middle East, and other regions suffering water shortage.
Surrender and Catch: Experience and Inquiry Today (Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science #51)
by K.H. WolffSu"ender and catch: give so you can receive, where the giving is your whole self, in a total experience. This is scarcely new on the American scene, and it is ancient knowledge, East and West. The fears of total surrender, the fears of self-revelation and of total abandon, although genuine, are likewise not new. Yet Kurt H. Wolff does attempt something new here, an epistemologi cal essay with the help of this old idea: his subtitle is 'experience and inquiry today'. He tries to formulate an integrated view which incorporates in the theory of total experience not only the accepted component- esthetics, religion, the recent American experience - but also a metaphysics, a phenomenology, a theory of perception, a social philosophy and a methodology of the social sciences, even a philosophy of history and psychopathology. Phenomenology (especially Alfred Schutz), the critical Frankfurt school (especially Adorno and Marcuse), sociology (especially Georg Simmel), and existentialism (especially Camus) are tied in together. It all looks topsy-turvy at first. We have here scraps of a diary, fragments of correspondence, a stray adolescent love letter, notes on notes on field work, and notes and comments on tutorial seminars plus long excerpts from students' essays, a stray paper in a learned journal summarizing the core of the book, comments piled on comments and a web of self-references, literary criticisms, and pieces of poetry, plus a rich scholarly apparatus.
Katalyse in der Organischen Chemie: Erste Hälfte
by F. Adickes E. Baroni M. Bögemann J.W. Breitenbach R. Criegee K. Hasse G. Hesse H. Hopf H. G. Hummel F. Klages W. Krabbe J. Lindner E.B. Maxted H.L. DuMont O. NeunhoefferDieser Buchtitel ist Teil des Digitalisierungsprojekts Springer Book Archives mit Publikationen, die seit den Anfängen des Verlags von 1842 erschienen sind. Der Verlag stellt mit diesem Archiv Quellen für die historische wie auch die disziplingeschichtliche Forschung zur Verfügung, die jeweils im historischen Kontext betrachtet werden müssen. Dieser Titel erschien in der Zeit vor 1945 und wird daher in seiner zeittypischen politisch-ideologischen Ausrichtung vom Verlag nicht beworben.
Midkine: From Embryogenesis to Pathogenesis and Therapy
by Mine Ergüven, Takashi Muramatsu and Ayhan BilirCarl Edward Sagan’s (1934-1996) one of the famous quotation was “Who are we? We find that we live on an insignificant planet of a humdrum star lost in a galaxy tucked away in some forgotten corner of a universe in which there are far more galaxies than people.“ From past to date, well-known molecules, enzymes, proteins, lipids and carbohydrates are studied in the pathogenesis of several diseases both as a diagnostic/prognostic biomarker and therapeutic agent. The underlying mechanism of unexplained diseases and failure of therapies are frequently studied with well-known biomarkers, but remain unclear in many cases. As Dr. Sagan said other keys are still waiting to be known in some forgotten corner of a body universe, we find strength to propose that one of them can be the growth factor with cytokine activity named “Midkine” This book summarizes the extensive up-to-date literature overeview with the lastest work of experts about midkine in a detailed format that conveys its role as both a pathologic factor and therapeutic agent.
The Ecology of Bruchids Attacking Legumes: Proceedings of the International Symposium held at Tours (France), April 16–19, 1980 (Series Entomologica #19)
by V. LabeyrieAs editor of this volume I am not going to emphasize the economic im portance of the Bruchids of pulses, nor how necessary it is to know the conditions of infestation of crops in order to achieve an efficient protection; both points are testified by F.A.O.'s sponsorship, as well as of the International Organization for Biological Control. On the other hand I would like to stress the scientific interest of the study of 'domestic' bruchids. It raises questions which require that present basic entomological knowledge be extended. I am not going to review all questions raised but I will emphasize those I am most aware of. Some bruchid species have been able to colonize habitats differing totally; some differing in their latitude, and thus their basic periodicities; others differing in their degree of complexity (stocks of seeds): What are the respective roles played by polymorphism and plasticity in that exceptional capacity? What differences are there between the populations living on wild plants in dispersal areas and those living in stocks? What are the alterations brought about by the drastic selection pressures in populations having later colonized habitats ecologically similar to the original habitats? What factors determine the degree of specificity of trophic relationships, and the possibilities of extension of the niche? What influences are exerted by the other elements of the original bio cenoses upon the behavioural evolution of these species? Such are a few fundamental problems that can be tackled directly through
Well-Posed Optimization Problems (Lecture Notes in Mathematics #1543)
by Assen L. Dontchev Tullio ZolezziThis book presents in a unified way the mathematical theory of well-posedness in optimization. The basic concepts of well-posedness and the links among them are studied, in particular Hadamard and Tykhonov well-posedness. Abstract optimization problems as well as applications to optimal control, calculus of variations and mathematical programming are considered. Both the pure and applied side of these topics are presented. The main subject is often introduced by heuristics, particular cases and examples. Complete proofs are provided. The expected knowledge of the reader does not extend beyond textbook (real and functional) analysis, some topology and differential equations and basic optimization. References are provided for more advanced topics. The book is addressed to mathematicians interested in optimization and related topics, and also to engineers, control theorists, economists and applied scientists who can find here a mathematical justification of practical procedures they encounter.
Chemistry for Sustainable Development in Africa
by Daniel Nyanganyura, Edith Madela-Mntla, Ameenah Gurib-Fakim and Jacobus Nicolaas EloffChemistry for Sustainable Development in Africa gives an insight into current Chemical research in Africa. It is edited and written by distinguished African scientists and includes contributions from Chemists from Northern, Southern, Western, Eastern, Central and Island state African Countries. The core themes embrace the most pressing issues of our time, including Environmental Chemistry, Renewable Energies, Health and Human Well-Being, Food and Nutrition, and Bioprospecting and Commercial Development. This book is invaluable for teaching and research institutes in Africa and worldwide, private sector entities dealing with natural products from Africa, as well as policy and decision-making bodies and non-governmental organizations.
Smart Grids and Their Communication Systems (Energy Systems in Electrical Engineering)
by Ersan Kabalci Yasin KabalciThe book presents a broad overview of emerging smart grid technologies and communication systems, offering a helpful guide for future research in the field of electrical engineering and communication engineering. It explores recent advances in several computing technologies and their performance evaluation, and addresses a wide range of topics, such as the essentials of smart grids for fifth generation (5G) communication systems. It also elaborates the role of emerging communication systems such as 5G, internet of things (IoT), IEEE 802.15.4 and cognitive radio networks in smart grids. The book includes detailed surveys and case studies on current trends in smart grid systems and communications for smart metering and monitoring, smart grid energy storage systems, modulations and waveforms for 5G networks. As such, it will be of interest to practitioners and researchers in the field of smart grid and communication infrastructures alike.
Kurzgefaßte Ton- und Stimmbildungslehre für höhere Mädchenschulen
by C. KühnholdDieser Buchtitel ist Teil des Digitalisierungsprojekts Springer Book Archives mit Publikationen, die seit den Anfängen des Verlags von 1842 erschienen sind. Der Verlag stellt mit diesem Archiv Quellen für die historische wie auch die disziplingeschichtliche Forschung zur Verfügung, die jeweils im historischen Kontext betrachtet werden müssen. Dieser Titel erschien in der Zeit vor 1945 und wird daher in seiner zeittypischen politisch-ideologischen Ausrichtung vom Verlag nicht beworben.
Structural Bioinformatics of Membrane Proteins
by D. FrishmanThis book is the first one specifically dedicated to the structural bioinformatics of membrane proteins. With a focus on membrane proteins from the perspective of bioinformatics, the present work covers a broad spectrum of topics in evolution, structure, function, and bioinformatics of membrane proteins focusing on the most recent experimental results. Leaders in the field who have recently reported breakthrough advances cover algorithms, databases and their applications to the subject. The increasing number of recently solved membrane protein structures makes the expert coverage presented here very timely. Structural bioinformatics of membrane proteins has been an active area of research over the last thee decades and proves to be a growing field of interest.
Gravitation and Experiment: Poincaré Seminar 2006 (Progress in Mathematical Physics #52)
by Thibault Damour Vincent RivasseauThis book offers a detailed, pedagogical introduction to general relativity. It includes a review of what may lie beyond and collects up-to-date essays on the experimental tests of this theory, including the precise timing of the double pulsar J0737-3039. Coverage also details the recent results of the Gravity Probe B mission.