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Redefining Regional French
by David HornsbyThis study challenges the orthodox view that emergent regional varieties of French represent no more than an ephemeral dialect residue of little theoretical interest. It follows the life cycle of an obsolescent urban Picard variety, spoken in a mining town in the Pas-de-Calais, and attempts to unravel the complex reasons behind the survival of some local variants at the expense of others. Applying a sociolinguistic model developed by Peter Trudgill, it shows how the processes of levelling and simplification have driven change in a dialect contact situation, giving rise to a new, stable variety or koine. This is compared with other new urban varieties in Sweden and the UK, where different economic, social and demographic conditions have produced very different linguistic outcomes. The emergence of Regional French in the north, it is argued, may herald the start of a new diversification of French in Europe. This book will therefore interest both students of French and of language variation more generally.
Redefining Regional French
by David HornsbyThis study challenges the orthodox view that emergent regional varieties of French represent no more than an ephemeral dialect residue of little theoretical interest. It follows the life cycle of an obsolescent urban Picard variety, spoken in a mining town in the Pas-de-Calais, and attempts to unravel the complex reasons behind the survival of some local variants at the expense of others. Applying a sociolinguistic model developed by Peter Trudgill, it shows how the processes of levelling and simplification have driven change in a dialect contact situation, giving rise to a new, stable variety or koine. This is compared with other new urban varieties in Sweden and the UK, where different economic, social and demographic conditions have produced very different linguistic outcomes. The emergence of Regional French in the north, it is argued, may herald the start of a new diversification of French in Europe. This book will therefore interest both students of French and of language variation more generally.
Russian For Dummies
by Andrew Kaufman Serafima Gettys Nina WiedaRussian is spoken by nearly 450 million people, and demand for Russian-speakers is growing. This introductory course includes an audio CD with practice dialogues-just the ticket for readers who need basic Russian for business, school, or travel. Serafima Gettys, PhD (Newark, CA), is Coordinator of the Foreign Language Program at Lewis University. Andrew Kaufman, PhD (Charlottesville, VA), is a Visiting Assistant Professor at the University of Virginia. Note: CD-ROM/DVD and other supplementary materials are not included as part of eBook file.
Russian For Dummies
by Andrew Kaufman Serafima Gettys Nina WiedaRussian is spoken by nearly 450 million people, and demand for Russian-speakers is growing. This introductory course includes an audio CD with practice dialogues-just the ticket for readers who need basic Russian for business, school, or travel. Serafima Gettys, PhD (Newark, CA), is Coordinator of the Foreign Language Program at Lewis University. Andrew Kaufman, PhD (Charlottesville, VA), is a Visiting Assistant Professor at the University of Virginia. Note: CD-ROM/DVD and other supplementary materials are not included as part of eBook file.
Spanish Verbs For Dummies
by Cecie KraynakA fun, comprehensive way to get up to speed on Spanish With over 325 million speakers, Spanish is in a virtual dead heat with English as the second most popular spoken language. This easy-to-follow guide shows readers how to successfully conjugate verbs, providing easy, entertaining exercises and answer keys to reinforce different grammatical rules. More than just a dictionary-style list of verbs, Spanish Verbs For Dummies covers regular verbs in the present tense and six other simple tenses, interrogatives and imperatives, irregular verbs in all seven tenses, and Spanish verb nuances. Mary Kraynak, MA (Indianapolis, IN), teaches Spanish to junior high and high school students and has served as a technical consultant to several Spanish learning guides.
Speaking Out and Silencing: Culture, Society and Politics in Italy in the 1970s
by A. BullCommonly referred to collectively as the anni di piombo -- years of lead -- the 1970s have been seen as a parenthesis in Italian history, which was dominated by political violence and terrorism. The seventeen essays in this wide-ranging collection adopt different scholarly perspectives to challenge this monolithic view and uncover the complexity of the decade, exploring its many facets and re-assessing political conflict. The volume brings to the fore the ruptures of the period through an examination of literature, film, gender relations, party politics and political participation, social structures and identities. This more balanced assessment of the period allows the vibrancy and dynamism of new social and cultural movements to emerge. The long-lasting effects of this period on Italian culture and society and its crucial legacy to the present are lucidly revealed, dispelling the widely-held belief that the 1970s were largely a regressive decade. With the contributions: Anna Cento Bull, Adalgisa Giorgio -- The 1970s through the Looking GlassPiero Ignazi -- Italy in the 1970s between Self-Expression and OrganicismPaola Di Cori -- Listening and Silencing. Italian Feminists in the 1970s: Between autocoscienza and TerrorismAmalia Signorelli -- Women in Italy in the 1970sLesley Caldwell -- Is the Political Personal? Fathers and Sons in Bertolucci's Tragedia di un uomo ridicolo and Amelio's Colpire al cuoreJennifer Burns -- A Leaden Silence? Writers' Responses to the anni di piomboAdalgisa Giorgio -- From Little Girls to Bad Girls: Women's Writing and Experimentalism in the 1970s and 1990sEnrico Palandri -- The Difficulty of a Historical Perspective on the 1970sMark Donovan -- The Radicals: An Ambiguous Contribution to Political InnovationCarl Levy -- Intellectual Unemployment and Political Radicalism in Italy, 1968-1982Roberto Bartali -- The Red Brigades and the Moro Kidnapping: Secrets and LiesTom Behan -- Allende, Berlinguer, Pinochet... and Dario FoPhilip Cooke -- 'A riconquistare la rossa primavera' The Neo-Resistance of the 1970sClaudia Bernardi -- Collective Memory and Childhood Narratives: Rewriting the 1970s in the 1990sValeria Pizzini Gambetta -- Becoming Visible: Did the Emancipation of Women Reach the Sicilian Mafia?Davide PerO -- The Left and the Construction of Immigrants in 1970s ItalyAnna Cento Bull -- From the Centrality of the Working Class to its Demise: The Case of Bagnoli, Naples
Speaking Out and Silencing: Culture, Society and Politics in Italy in the 1970s
by A. BullCommonly referred to collectively as the anni di piombo -- years of lead -- the 1970s have been seen as a parenthesis in Italian history, which was dominated by political violence and terrorism. The seventeen essays in this wide-ranging collection adopt different scholarly perspectives to challenge this monolithic view and uncover the complexity of the decade, exploring its many facets and re-assessing political conflict. The volume brings to the fore the ruptures of the period through an examination of literature, film, gender relations, party politics and political participation, social structures and identities. This more balanced assessment of the period allows the vibrancy and dynamism of new social and cultural movements to emerge. The long-lasting effects of this period on Italian culture and society and its crucial legacy to the present are lucidly revealed, dispelling the widely-held belief that the 1970s were largely a regressive decade. With the contributions: Anna Cento Bull, Adalgisa Giorgio -- The 1970s through the Looking GlassPiero Ignazi -- Italy in the 1970s between Self-Expression and OrganicismPaola Di Cori -- Listening and Silencing. Italian Feminists in the 1970s: Between autocoscienza and TerrorismAmalia Signorelli -- Women in Italy in the 1970sLesley Caldwell -- Is the Political Personal? Fathers and Sons in Bertolucci's Tragedia di un uomo ridicolo and Amelio's Colpire al cuoreJennifer Burns -- A Leaden Silence? Writers' Responses to the anni di piomboAdalgisa Giorgio -- From Little Girls to Bad Girls: Women's Writing and Experimentalism in the 1970s and 1990sEnrico Palandri -- The Difficulty of a Historical Perspective on the 1970sMark Donovan -- The Radicals: An Ambiguous Contribution to Political InnovationCarl Levy -- Intellectual Unemployment and Political Radicalism in Italy, 1968-1982Roberto Bartali -- The Red Brigades and the Moro Kidnapping: Secrets and LiesTom Behan -- Allende, Berlinguer, Pinochet... and Dario FoPhilip Cooke -- 'A riconquistare la rossa primavera' The Neo-Resistance of the 1970sClaudia Bernardi -- Collective Memory and Childhood Narratives: Rewriting the 1970s in the 1990sValeria Pizzini Gambetta -- Becoming Visible: Did the Emancipation of Women Reach the Sicilian Mafia?Davide PerO -- The Left and the Construction of Immigrants in 1970s ItalyAnna Cento Bull -- From the Centrality of the Working Class to its Demise: The Case of Bagnoli, Naples
State Assessment Policy and Practice for English Language Learners: A National Perspective
by Charlene Rivera Eric CollumState Assessment Policy and Practice for English Language Learners presents three significant studies, each examining a different aspect of states' strategies for including English language learners in state assessments. *an Analysis of State Assessment Policies Regarding Accommodations for English Language Learners;*a Survey and Description of Test Translation Practices; and *an Examination of State Practices for Reporting Participation and Performance of English Language Learners in State Assessments.With the rise in population of English language learners and the subsequent stepped-up legislative focus on this student population over the past decade, states have been challenged to include English language learners in state assessment programs. Until now, the little data available on states' policies and practices for meeting this challenge has been embedded in various reports and professional journals and scattered across the Internet. This volume offers, for the first time, a focused examination of states' assessment policies and practices regarding English language learners. The three studies were supported by OELA, the U.S. Department of Education's Office of English Language Acquisition, Language Enhancement, and Academic Achievement for Limited English Proficient Students.State Assessment Policy and Practice for English Language Learners is of interest to researchers and professionals involved with the assessment of English language learners; state- and district-level policy makers; and academics, teacher educators, and graduate students in a number of fields, including educational and psychological assessment, testing and measurement, bilingual education, English as a second language, and second language acquisition.
State Assessment Policy and Practice for English Language Learners: A National Perspective
by Charlene Rivera Eric CollumState Assessment Policy and Practice for English Language Learners presents three significant studies, each examining a different aspect of states' strategies for including English language learners in state assessments. *an Analysis of State Assessment Policies Regarding Accommodations for English Language Learners;*a Survey and Description of Test Translation Practices; and *an Examination of State Practices for Reporting Participation and Performance of English Language Learners in State Assessments.With the rise in population of English language learners and the subsequent stepped-up legislative focus on this student population over the past decade, states have been challenged to include English language learners in state assessment programs. Until now, the little data available on states' policies and practices for meeting this challenge has been embedded in various reports and professional journals and scattered across the Internet. This volume offers, for the first time, a focused examination of states' assessment policies and practices regarding English language learners. The three studies were supported by OELA, the U.S. Department of Education's Office of English Language Acquisition, Language Enhancement, and Academic Achievement for Limited English Proficient Students.State Assessment Policy and Practice for English Language Learners is of interest to researchers and professionals involved with the assessment of English language learners; state- and district-level policy makers; and academics, teacher educators, and graduate students in a number of fields, including educational and psychological assessment, testing and measurement, bilingual education, English as a second language, and second language acquisition.
Teaching English as a Foreign or Second Language, Second Edition: A Teacher Self-Development and Methodology Guide
by Jerry G. GebhardTeaching English as a Foreign or Second Language, Second Edition, is designed for those new to ESL/EFL teaching and for self-motivated teachers who seek to maximize their potential and enhance the learning of their students. This guide provides basic information that ESL/EFL teachers should know before they start teaching and many ideas on how to guide students in the skills of listening, speaking, reading, and writing. It stresses the multifaceted nature of teaching the English language to non-native speakers and is based on the real experiences of teachers. The second edition of Teaching English as a Foreign or Second Language includes a wider range of examples to coincide with a variety of teaching contexts-from K-12 schools, to university intensive language programs and refugee programs. It is also updated with discussions of technology throughout, and it considers ways in which technology can be used in teaching language skills. Sources for further study are included in each chapter and in the appendixes.
V Puti: Russian Grammar in Context
by Olga Kagan Frank Miller Anna KudymaThis highly successful program assists in the development of all the language skills (listening, speaking, reading, and writing) by presenting realistic settings, situations, and contexts. It consists of 12 chapters and can be used in an intermediate or advanced Russian course. V Puti offers conversational exercises, various readings (biographies, poems, literature and historical texts) and grammatical explanations and practice. All of these components reinforce Russian culture and history which enable the students to understand the Russian language in context.
V Puti: Russian Grammar in Context
by Olga Kagan Frank Miller Anna KudymaThis highly successful program assists in the development of all the language skills (listening, speaking, reading, and writing) by presenting realistic settings, situations, and contexts. It consists of 12 chapters and can be used in an intermediate or advanced Russian course. V Puti offers conversational exercises, various readings (biographies, poems, literature and historical texts) and grammatical explanations and practice. All of these components reinforce Russian culture and history which enable the students to understand the Russian language in context.
When Dead Tongues Speak: Teaching Beginning Greek and Latin (Society for Classical Studies Classical Resources)
by John Gruber-MillerWhen Dead Tongues Speak introduces classicists to the research that linguists, psychologists, and language teachers have conducted over the past thirty years and passes along their most important insights. The essays cover a broad range of topics, including cognitive styles, peer teaching and collaboration, learning disabilities, feminist pedagogy, speaking, and writing. Each contributor addresses a different problem in the learning process based on his or her own teaching experience, and each chapter combines a theoretical overview with practical examples of classroom activities. The book was developed for classroom use in Greek and Latin methodology classes in M.A. and M.A.T. programs. It will also appeal to Latin and Greek language instructors who want to get current with the latest scholarship and pedagogical models.
With Literacy and Justice for All: Rethinking the Social in Language and Education
by Carole EdelskyThe third edition of With Literacy and Justice for All: Rethinking the Social in Language and Education continues to document Carole Edelsky's long involvement with socially critical, holistic approaches to the everyday problems and possibilities facing teachers of language and literacy. This book helps education professionals understand the educational/societal situations they are dealing with, and literacy instruction and second language learning in particular contexts. Edelsky does not offer simplistic pedagogical formulas, but rather, progressively works through differences and tensions in the discourses and practices of sociolinguistics, bilingual education, whole language, and critical pedagogy--fields whose practitioners and advocates too often work in isolation from each other and, at times, at cross purposes. In this edition, what Edelsky means by rethinking is improving and extending her own views, while at the same time demonstrating that such rethinking always occurs in the light of history. The volume includes a completely new Introduction and two entirely new chapters: one on reconceptualizing literacy learning as second language learning, and another on taking a historical view of responses to standardized testing. Throughout, in updating the volume, Edelsky uses a variety of structural styles to note contrasts in her views across time and to make the distinction clear between the original material and the current additions. This edition is a rare example of a scholarly owning-up to changes in thinking, and a much needed demonstration of the historically grounded nature of knowledge. As a whole, the third edition emphasizes recursiveness and questioning within a deliberately political framework.
With Literacy and Justice for All: Rethinking the Social in Language and Education
by Carole EdelskyThe third edition of With Literacy and Justice for All: Rethinking the Social in Language and Education continues to document Carole Edelsky's long involvement with socially critical, holistic approaches to the everyday problems and possibilities facing teachers of language and literacy. This book helps education professionals understand the educational/societal situations they are dealing with, and literacy instruction and second language learning in particular contexts. Edelsky does not offer simplistic pedagogical formulas, but rather, progressively works through differences and tensions in the discourses and practices of sociolinguistics, bilingual education, whole language, and critical pedagogy--fields whose practitioners and advocates too often work in isolation from each other and, at times, at cross purposes. In this edition, what Edelsky means by rethinking is improving and extending her own views, while at the same time demonstrating that such rethinking always occurs in the light of history. The volume includes a completely new Introduction and two entirely new chapters: one on reconceptualizing literacy learning as second language learning, and another on taking a historical view of responses to standardized testing. Throughout, in updating the volume, Edelsky uses a variety of structural styles to note contrasts in her views across time and to make the distinction clear between the original material and the current additions. This edition is a rare example of a scholarly owning-up to changes in thinking, and a much needed demonstration of the historically grounded nature of knowledge. As a whole, the third edition emphasizes recursiveness and questioning within a deliberately political framework.
Writing Chinese: Reshaping Chinese Cultural Identity
by L. ChenThis is a comparative study of the politics of Chinese cultural identity facing China, Taiwan, Hong Kong, the US-Chinese, and the Chinese diaspora in the West. The author challenges current discussions of hybridity and nationalism by contrasting the experiences of Taiwan, Hong Kong and US-Chinese with those of China and the Chinese diaspora.
Latin Word Order: Structured Meaning and Information
by A. M. Devine Laurence D. StephensWord order is not a subject anyone reading Latin can afford to ignore: apart from anything else, word order is what gets one from disjoint sentences to coherent text. Reading a paragraph of Latin without attention to the word order entails losing access to a whole dimension of meaning, or at best using inferential procedures to guess at what is actually overtly encoded in the syntax. This book begins by introducing the reader to the linguistic concepts, formalism and analytical techniques necessary for the study of Latin word order. It then proceeds to present and analyze a representative selection of data in sufficient detail for the reader to develop both an intuitive grasp of the often rather subtle principles controlling Latin word order and a theoretically grounded understanding of the system that underlies it. Combining the rich empirical documentation of traditional philological approaches with the deeper theoretical insight of modern linguistics, this work aims to reduce the intricate surface patterns of Latin word order to a simple and general crosscategorial system of syntactic structure which translates more or less directly into constituents of pragmatic and semantic meaning.
Auxiliary Verb Constructions (Oxford Studies In Typology And Linguistic Theory Ser.)
by Gregory D. S. AndersonThis is the most comprehensive survey ever published of auxiliary verb constructions, as in 'he could have been going to drink it' and 'she does eat cheese'. Drawing on a database of over 800 languages Dr Anderson examines their morphosyntactic forms and semantic roles. He investigates and explains the historical changes leading to the cross-linguistic diversity of inflectional patterns, and he presents his results within a new typological framework. The book's impressive range includes data on variation within and across languages and language families. In addition to examining languages in Africa, Europe, and Asia the author presents analyses of languages in Australasia and the Pacific and in North, South, and Meso-America. In doing so he reveals much that is new about the language families of the world and makes an important contribution to the understanding of their nature and evolution. His book will interest scholars and researchers in language typology, historical and comparative linguistics, syntax, and morphology.
When Dead Tongues Speak: Teaching Beginning Greek and Latin (Society for Classical Studies Classical Resources)
by John Gruber-MillerWhen Dead Tongues Speak introduces classicists to the research that linguists, psychologists, and language teachers have conducted over the past thirty years and passes along their most important insights. The essays cover a broad range of topics, including cognitive styles, peer teaching and collaboration, learning disabilities, feminist pedagogy, speaking, and writing. Each contributor addresses a different problem in the learning process based on his or her own teaching experience, and each chapter combines a theoretical overview with practical examples of classroom activities. The book was developed for classroom use in Greek and Latin methodology classes in M.A. and M.A.T. programs. It will also appeal to Latin and Greek language instructors who want to get current with the latest scholarship and pedagogical models.
Amigos 2: Student Book (PDF)
by Vincent Everett Emma Diaz FernandezAmigos 2 is the second part of a new contemporary Key Stage 3 Spanish course, designed specifically for Year 7 starters. Amigos is a 3-part Spanish course, so there if one part per year at Key Stage 3, making planning and course delivery much smoother. Parts 1-3 are single-tier in format (withdifferentiation being supplied in the Higher and Lower Workbooks, differentiated Copymasters, extension and support section and differentiated reading section at the back of the Students' Book). This fully-integrated course includes the following components: Students' Book, Workbook (Higher), Workbook (Lower), Copymasters, Teacher's Book, Audio CDs, ICT package (Students' and Teacher's), En claro (low level) support pack, Coursemaster. The Amigos Students' Book is fully Frameworked: it contains starters and plenaries on every spread and grammar and language strategies are explained in clear, concise language. Students are encouraged to discuss and reflect upon what they've learnt. Differentiated assessment is provided through thechecklists with graded activities that are at the end of each unit in the Students' Book and the Copymasters. These can be used for self-assessment. There is also plenty of opportunity for independent study in the support and extension sections, reading section and grammar activities at the end ofthe spread, which are ideal for coverwork and homework. The fifth double-page spread of each unit provides extended reading material featuring an aspect of Spanish or Latin American life connect with the unit topics, and this is also very useful for independent study.
The Arab Writer in English: Arab Themes in a Metropolitan Language, 1908-1958
by Geoffrey NashThis book looks at the first generation of Arab British and Arab-American writers to produce English writings in the earlier twentieth-century: Ameen Rihani, Khalil Jibran, George Antonius and Edward Atiyah. It theorises their work within the context of Arab nationalism, postcolonialism and the criticism of Edward Said.
Arabic: An Essential Grammar
by Faruk Abu-ChacraArabic: An Essential Grammar is an up-to-date and practical reference guide to the most important aspects of the language. Suitable for beginners, as well as intermediate students, this book offers a strong foundation for learning the fundamental grammar and structure of Arabic. The complexities of the language are set out in short, readable sections, and exercises and examples are provided throughout. The book is ideal for independent learners as well as for classroom study. Features of this book include: coverage of the Arabic script and alphabet a chapter on Arabic handwriting a guide to pronunciation full examples throughout.
Arabic: An Essential Grammar
by Faruk Abu-ChacraArabic: An Essential Grammar is an up-to-date and practical reference guide to the most important aspects of the language. Suitable for beginners, as well as intermediate students, this book offers a strong foundation for learning the fundamental grammar and structure of Arabic. The complexities of the language are set out in short, readable sections, and exercises and examples are provided throughout. The book is ideal for independent learners as well as for classroom study. Features of this book include: coverage of the Arabic script and alphabet a chapter on Arabic handwriting a guide to pronunciation full examples throughout.
Arabic Computational Morphology: Knowledge-based and Empirical Methods (Text, Speech and Language Technology #38)
by Abdelhadi Soudi Günter Neumann Antal Van Den BoschThis is the first comprehensive overview of computational approaches to Arabic morphology. The subtitle aims to reflect that widely different computational approaches to the Arabic morphological system have been proposed. The book provides a showcase of the most advanced language technologies applied to one of the most vexing problems in linguistics. It covers knowledge-based and empirical-based approaches.
The Bilingualism Reader
by Li WeiThe Bilingualism Reader is the definitive reader for the study of bilingualism. Designed as an integrated and structured student resource it provides invaluable editorial material that guides the reader through different sections and covers:definitions and typology of bilingualism language choice and bilingual interaction bilingualism, identity and ideology grammar of code-switching and bilingual acquisition bilingual production and perception the bilingual brain methodological issues in the study of bilingualism. The second edition of this best selling volume includes nine new chapters and postscripts written by the authors of the original articles, who evaluate them in the light of recent research. Critical discussion of research methods, revised graded study questions and activities, a comprehensive glossary, and an up-to-date resource list make The Bilingualism Reader an essential introductory text for students of linguistics, psychology and education.