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Surviving Collapse: Building Community toward Radical Sustainability
by Christina ErgasAs major environmental crises loom, Christina Ergas makes the argument in Surviving Collapse that one possible way forward is a radical sustainable development that turns the focus from monetary gain to social and ecological regeneration and transformation. Employing qualitative and cross-national comparative methods, Ergas examines two alternative, community-scale, socioecological models of development: the first is a grassroots urban ecovillage in the Pacific Northwest, United States, while the second is a government-subsidized, but cooperatively run, urban farm in Havana, Cuba. While neither are panaceas, they prioritize social and ecological efficiency and subsume economic rationality towards those ends. Featuring cases that not only allow us to synthesize their strengths but evaluate their weaknesses, Surviving Collapse reveals a multitude of varied paths toward reaching radical urban sustainability and empowers us all to imagine, and possibly build, more resilient futures.
Surviving Climate Change: The Struggle to Avert Global Catastrophe
by David Cromwell Mark LeveneClimate change is a pressing reality. Hurricane Katrina, melting polar ice and increased threats to food and water security show that planetary blowback is becoming all too evident.*BR**BR*Governments and business keep reassuring the public they are going to fix the problem. This book brings together some leading activists who disagree. They expose the inertia, denial, deception -- even threats to our civil liberties -- which comprise mainstream responses from civil and military policy makers, and from opinion formers in the media, corporations and academia.*BR**BR*An epochal change is called for in the way we all engage with the climate crisis. Key to that change is Aubrey Meyer's proposed Contraction and Convergence framework for limiting global carbon emissions. This book, which also includes contributions by Mayer Hillman and George Marshall, is a powerful and vital guide to how mass mobilisation can avert the looming catastrophe.
Survival under Uncertainty: An Introduction to Probability Models of Social Structure and Evolution (Understanding Complex Systems)
by Dimitri VolchenkovThis book introduces and studies a number of stochastic models of subsistence, communication, social evolution and political transition that will allow the reader to grasp the role of uncertainty as a fundamental property of our irreversible world. At the same time, it aims to bring about a more interdisciplinary and quantitative approach across very diverse fields of research in the humanities and social sciences.Through the examples treated in this work – including anthropology, demography, migration, geopolitics, management, and bioecology, among other things – evidence is gathered to show that volatile environments may change the rules of the evolutionary selection and dynamics of any social system, creating a situation of adaptive uncertainty, in particular, whenever the rate of change of the environment exceeds the rate of adaptation.Last but not least, it is hoped that this book will contribute to the understanding that inherent randomness can also be a great opportunity – for social systems and individuals alike – to help face the challenge of “survival under uncertainty”.
Survival Strategies: Paris and New York: Conference on Two World Cities: Papers
by George G. WynneFirst published 1979, this is a most unusual contribution to comparative urban systems. It examines Paris and New York in terms of future prospects for each city in the face of draconian social, economic, and political changes, and takes as axiomatic that the struggles of New York and Paris are those of super cities: namely struggles to survive as world centers and not just as national metropolitan areas of worth. The volume covers such vital areas as planning for older cities like Paris and New York, problems in the internal management system of each city, the relationship between inner cities and suburbs, and issues involved in regional planning in which the two world cities provide models for their nations and the world as a whole.The work is unusual in that it not only appraises organizational issues, but sociological and architectural ones as well. Hence, the issue of blacks in New York, or Arabs in Paris, is addressed with considerable candor and insight. The relationship between substandard housing in each of the cities is examined with the clear understanding of the racial dynamics at work in each of these centers.This work gives intellectual and practical substance to Gottman's notion of megalopolis, and places in sharp comparative relief problems which all too often are seen as local and parochial in character. This volume represents the first world-cities approach to real world cities, and as such, is a pioneering effort that will be greeted with great enthusiasm by scholarly and general readers alike. The authors gathered for this effort represent leading practitioners from both France and the United States, and hence the volume is a joy to read no less than to ponder.
Survival Strategies: Paris and New York: Conference on Two World Cities: Papers
by George G. WynneFirst published 1979, this is a most unusual contribution to comparative urban systems. It examines Paris and New York in terms of future prospects for each city in the face of draconian social, economic, and political changes, and takes as axiomatic that the struggles of New York and Paris are those of super cities: namely struggles to survive as world centers and not just as national metropolitan areas of worth. The volume covers such vital areas as planning for older cities like Paris and New York, problems in the internal management system of each city, the relationship between inner cities and suburbs, and issues involved in regional planning in which the two world cities provide models for their nations and the world as a whole.The work is unusual in that it not only appraises organizational issues, but sociological and architectural ones as well. Hence, the issue of blacks in New York, or Arabs in Paris, is addressed with considerable candor and insight. The relationship between substandard housing in each of the cities is examined with the clear understanding of the racial dynamics at work in each of these centers.This work gives intellectual and practical substance to Gottman's notion of megalopolis, and places in sharp comparative relief problems which all too often are seen as local and parochial in character. This volume represents the first world-cities approach to real world cities, and as such, is a pioneering effort that will be greeted with great enthusiasm by scholarly and general readers alike. The authors gathered for this effort represent leading practitioners from both France and the United States, and hence the volume is a joy to read no less than to ponder.
Survival Psychology
by J. Leach'...it should be made standard reading for those dealing with disaster/survival situations, it is also very informative in helping the general reader understand the psychology of survivors...The text makes compulsive reading and the book is hard to put down. It is worth examining, no matter where your professional interest lies.'- Duncan MacPaul, Nursing Times. Why do so many people die without need? How can an exceptional few survive extraordinarily harsh conditions sometimes after months or years of deprivation? Recent years have seen remarkable improvements in survival training and technology, yet most people still perish quickly in the face of adversity. In this book John Leach seeks to answer these questions by considering the psychology of human survival; how groups and individuals behave before, during and after life threatening events. Both short and long-term survival are addressed as well as the psychological consequences of hunger, thirst, cold, heat, crowding, isolation, fatigue and sleep deprivation. The essence of this work is distilled into a set of principles for psychological first-aid for use in the field.
Survival of the Virtuous: The Evolution of Moral Psychology
by Dennis L. KrebsDo good guys finish last? Did we evolve to look out for number one? Are we bad by nature? At first glance, the theory of evolution seems to imply that all organisms are evolved to be selfish. In this book, evolutionary psychologist Dennis Krebs explains how virtuous behaviors such as altruism, justice, honesty, loyalty, self-control, purity, and respect for authority, have evolved in humans and other species. He argues that the key to solving puzzles of morality--such as what it is, how we acquire moral traits, why we sometimes behave badly, and how we make moral decisions--lies in figuring out what adaptive functions moral traits served in early human environments and how they are influenced by social learning, culture, and strategic social interactions in the modern world. Arguing that the primary function of virtuous behaviors is to enable individuals to advance their own interests and examining the moral decision-making mechanisms that evolved to serve these functions, this book considers the "new brain" mechanisms that are unique to humans and "old brain" mechanisms that we share with other species, illuminating how these work in conjunction with each other to guide our moral choices. Survival of the Virtuous is accessibly written for academic and scholarly readers interested in understanding how moral traits evolved in the human species.
Survival of the Virtuous: The Evolution of Moral Psychology
by Dennis L. KrebsDo good guys finish last? Did we evolve to look out for number one? Are we bad by nature? At first glance, the theory of evolution seems to imply that all organisms are evolved to be selfish. In this book, evolutionary psychologist Dennis Krebs explains how virtuous behaviors such as altruism, justice, honesty, loyalty, self-control, purity, and respect for authority, have evolved in humans and other species. He argues that the key to solving puzzles of morality--such as what it is, how we acquire moral traits, why we sometimes behave badly, and how we make moral decisions--lies in figuring out what adaptive functions moral traits served in early human environments and how they are influenced by social learning, culture, and strategic social interactions in the modern world. Arguing that the primary function of virtuous behaviors is to enable individuals to advance their own interests and examining the moral decision-making mechanisms that evolved to serve these functions, this book considers the "new brain" mechanisms that are unique to humans and "old brain" mechanisms that we share with other species, illuminating how these work in conjunction with each other to guide our moral choices. Survival of the Virtuous is accessibly written for academic and scholarly readers interested in understanding how moral traits evolved in the human species.
Survival of Ministers and Configuration of Cabinets in Chile and Uruguay (Latin American Societies)
by Alejandro Olivares L.This book develops an analysis of ministerial recruitment in the process of government formation, the process of dismissal, and survival of cabinet ministers in Chile and Uruguay. The two cases are countries that, generally, score the highest democracy indexes in Latin America, but also, they are considered as the most stable presidential systems in the Southern Cone of the region, allowing readers to compare within and between cases. The cases analyzed in this book are small countries with a similar history of democratic breakdowns which, in temporal terms, enable comparison. Additionally, given the reasons that triggered those processes, both cases are normally studied together. For pre-coup democracy, the cases include the governments of Chile between 1933 and 1973 and Uruguay between 1943 and 1973. This research does not analyze the military coup regime in either country. Thus, the period is resumed in the democratic transitions for both cases, i.e., 1985 for Uruguay and 1990 for Chile. Although literature on ministerial cabinets survival usually focus on parliamentary regimes from the Global North, this rather new phenomenon in presidential democracies has quickly gained academic notoriety. Research on cabinets and ministers in Latin American presidential systems tends to focus on the periods beginning with the return to democracy after the 1980s. This situation means that there is scant knowledge of the period prior to the coups. By presenting an in-depth study of two presidential systems from the Global South, Survival of Ministers and Configuration of Cabinets in Chile and Uruguay, will be a useful resource for political and social scientists willing to study cabinet formation and ministerial turnover in Latin America, whether is on case-study research or in a comparative perspective.
Survival Analysis with Correlated Endpoints: Joint Frailty-Copula Models (SpringerBriefs in Statistics)
by Takeshi Emura Shigeyuki Matsui Virginie RondeauThis book introduces readers to advanced statistical methods for analyzing survival data involving correlated endpoints. In particular, it describes statistical methods for applying Cox regression to two correlated endpoints by accounting for dependence between the endpoints with the aid of copulas. The practical advantages of employing copula-based models in medical research are explained on the basis of case studies. In addition, the book focuses on clustered survival data, especially data arising from meta-analysis and multicenter analysis. Consequently, the statistical approaches presented here employ a frailty term for heterogeneity modeling. This brings the joint frailty-copula model, which incorporates a frailty term and a copula, into a statistical model. The book also discusses advanced techniques for dealing with high-dimensional gene expressions and developing personalized dynamic prediction tools under the joint frailty-copula model. To help readers apply the statistical methods to real-world data, the book provides case studies using the authors’ original R software package (freely available in CRAN). The emphasis is on clinical survival data, involving time-to-tumor progression and overall survival, collected on cancer patients. Hence, the book offers an essential reference guide for medical statisticians and provides researchers with advanced, innovative statistical tools. The book also provides a concise introduction to basic multivariate survival models.
Survival: Pergamon General Psychology Series
by Florence HalpernSurvival: Black/White is a book about African-American people (regarded as ""black people"" in this book) from a perspective of the author who regarded himself as ""white"" and is in close, sustained living with the ""black people"" of the rural south. Such kind of living enabled intimate participation in the everyday experience of the people. The book is organized into two parts. Part I describes the past conditions of the world of the African-Americans, detailing their child-rearing practices; adolescence and adulthood; intelligence and education; health; identification, identity and self-concept; and roles. Part II elaborates the changes that are taking place in the world of the African-Americans. This book will help other ""white people"" to ""feel and think black"".
Surveys In Social Research (Social Research Today)
by David De VausDavid de Vaus' classic text "Surveys in Social Research" provides clear advice on how to plan, conduct and analyse social surveys. It emphasises the links between theory and research, the logic and interpretation of statistics and the practices of social research. This sixth edition has been completely revised and updated, and contains new examples, data and extensive lists of web resources. As well as explaining how to conduct good surveys, de Vaus shows how to become a critical consumer of research. He argues that the logic of surveys and statistics is simply an extension of the logic we use in everyday life; analysis, however, requires creativity and imagination rather than the application of sterile mechanical procedures. The prime goal of research should be to gain accurate understanding and, as a researcher, use methods and techniques which enhance understanding. De Vaus advocates researchers use the method, rather than letting the method use you. " Surveys in Social Research" is essential reading for students and researchers working with surveys. It assumes no background in statistical analysis, and gives you the tools you need to come to grips with this often challenging field of work.
Surveys In Social Research: Surveys In Social Research (Social Research Today)
by David De VausDavid de Vaus' classic text Surveys in Social Research provides clear advice on how to plan, conduct and analyse social surveys. It emphasises the links between theory and research, the logic and interpretation of statistics and the practices of social research. This sixth edition has been completely revised and updated, and contains new examples, data and extensive lists of web resources. As well as explaining how to conduct good surveys, de Vaus shows how to become a critical consumer of research. He argues that the logic of surveys and statistics is simply an extension of the logic we use in everyday life; analysis, however, requires creativity and imagination rather than the application of sterile mechanical procedures. The prime goal of research should be to gain accurate understanding and, as a researcher, use methods and techniques which enhance understanding. De Vaus advocates researchers use the method, rather than letting the method use you. Surveys in Social Research is essential reading for students and researchers working with surveys. It assumes no background in statistical analysis, and gives you the tools you need to come to grips with this often challenging field of work.
Surveying the Covid-19 Pandemic and Its Implications: Urban Health, Data Technology and Political Economy
by Zaheer AllamSurveying the Covid-19 Pandemic and Its Implications: Urban Health, Data Technology and Political Economy explores social, economic, and policy impacts of COVID-19 that will persist for some time. This timely book surveys the COVID-19 from a holistic, high level perspective, examining such topics as Urban health policy responses impact on cities economies, Urban economic impacts of supply chain disruption, The need for coherent short term urban policies that aligns with long term goals, The rise to citizen science initiatives, The role of open data, The need for protocols to support research collaborations, Building larger infectious disease modelling datasets, NS Advanced computing tools for health policy.Includes the most hot topical issues surrounding COVID-19 Provides an urban viewpoint on COVID-19 and its effects on urban healthPresents a multidisciplinary perspective
Surveying The Social World (UK Higher Education OUP Humanities & Social Sciences Sociology)
by Alan Aldridge* What are the strengths and limitations of social surveys?* How can the principles of surveying be put into practice?* How are findings analysed and results presented?The survey has become a widely used technique for gathering information and opinions from individuals, organizations, and other groups. In Surveying the Social World, Aldridge and Levine begin by examining the contemporary state of surveys within society and social science methodology, explaining the potential of the survey method and the ways it can be used effectively when resources are limited. They then take the reader systematically through the process of conducting survey research covering in turn, the role of theory, the planning and design of projects, pilot work, access to informants, ethical issues, sampling methods, the preparation of questionnaires, interviewing, the use of computer packages, processing responses, statistical methods of data analysis, and the presentation of findings. Unlike some rival texts that stress complications and difficulties of conducting social surveys, this book adopts a consciously 'can-do' approach, emphasizing strategies and practical tips. Written in a direct style with a clear structure, each chapter begins with a list of key elements and concludes with summary points, points for reflection and suggestions for further reading. As well as examples of techniques and good practice from a variety of surveys, the authors use their own Travel Survey throughout the book to illustrate the decisions that need to be taken at each stage of the survey process. For the technical topics, there is a glossary containing over 130 technical terms that are highlighted in the text. The result is an essential guide to conducting social surveys for students in the social sciences, and for others who need to carry out a community or organizational survey but who may have no previous training in social research methods or experience of survey work.
Surveying Sisters: Women in a Traditional Male Profession (Routledge Library Editions: Women and Work)
by Clara GreedOver the past few years there had been a dramatic increase in the number of women entering the surveying profession. Fewer than five per cent of practising surveyors were women, but women comprised twenty per cent of students. Originally published in 1991, Surveying Sisters explores the question of whether ‘more’ would mean ‘better’, either for women surveyors themselves, or for women as consumers of the built environment. Clara Greed investigates the experiences of individual women surveyors, as well as studying the nature of the male majority. Taking a broadly feminist perspective and using an ethnographic approach, she develops a strong theoretical basis, incorporating the gender, class, and spatial dimensions of the situation, centring round the concept that surveying has its own distinct professional subculture. She traces the historical roots of the profession, and its attitudes to women, and makes constructive suggestions for improving the position of women surveying today. This was a highly topical study, at a time when the surveying profession was eager to attract more women in order to allay the effects of declining numbers of school leavers and potential ‘manpower’ shortages. It will be of interest to people concerned about issues of gender in disciplines such as sociology, management studies, higher education, urban geography, and women’s studies, and to the women and men who work in the surveying and other built environment professions.
Surveying Sisters: Women in a Traditional Male Profession (Routledge Library Editions: Women and Work)
by Clara GreedOver the past few years there had been a dramatic increase in the number of women entering the surveying profession. Fewer than five per cent of practising surveyors were women, but women comprised twenty per cent of students. Originally published in 1991, Surveying Sisters explores the question of whether ‘more’ would mean ‘better’, either for women surveyors themselves, or for women as consumers of the built environment. Clara Greed investigates the experiences of individual women surveyors, as well as studying the nature of the male majority. Taking a broadly feminist perspective and using an ethnographic approach, she develops a strong theoretical basis, incorporating the gender, class, and spatial dimensions of the situation, centring round the concept that surveying has its own distinct professional subculture. She traces the historical roots of the profession, and its attitudes to women, and makes constructive suggestions for improving the position of women surveying today. This was a highly topical study, at a time when the surveying profession was eager to attract more women in order to allay the effects of declining numbers of school leavers and potential ‘manpower’ shortages. It will be of interest to people concerned about issues of gender in disciplines such as sociology, management studies, higher education, urban geography, and women’s studies, and to the women and men who work in the surveying and other built environment professions.
Surveying Human Vulnerabilities across the Life Course (Life Course Research and Social Policies #3)
by Michel Oris Caroline Roberts Dominique Joye Michèle Ernst StähliThis open access book details tools and procedures for data collections of hard-to-reach, hard-to-survey populations. Inside, readers will discover first-hand insights from experts who share their successes as well as their failures in their attempts to identify and measure human vulnerabilities across the life course. Coverage first provides an introduction on studying vulnerabilities based on the Total Error Survey framework. Next, the authors present concrete examples on how to survey such populations as the elderly, migrants, widows and widowers, couples facing breast cancer, employees and job seekers, displaced workers, and teenagers during their transition to adulthood. In addition, one essay discusses the rationale for the use of life history calendars in studying social and psychological vulnerability while another records the difficulty the authors faced when trying to set-up an online social network to collect relevant data. Overall, this book demonstrates the importance to have, from the very beginning, a dialogue between specialists of survey methods and the researchers working on social dynamics across the life span. It will serve as an indispensable resource for social scientists interested in gathering and analyzing data on vulnerable individuals and populations in order to construct longitudinal data bases and properly target social policies.
Surveying Climate-Relevant Behavior: Measurements, Obstacles, and Implications
by Markus Hadler Beate Klösch Stephan Schwarzinger Markus Schweighart Rebecca Wardana David Neil BirdThis open access book discusses the contribution of sociology and survey research to climate research. The authors address the questions of which behaviors are of climate relevance, who is engaging in these behaviors, in which contexts do these behaviors occur, and which individual perceptions and values are related to them. Utilizing survey research, the book focuses on the measurement of climate-relevant behaviors with population surveys and develops an instrument that allows a valid estimate of an individual’s GHG emissions with a few core items. While the development of these instruments was based on surveys and qualitative interviews conducted in Austria, the instruments were subsequently tested in a set of 31 European countries, revealing the international relevance of such research. The book also concludes with a brief consideration of the effects of the COVID-19 crisis on environmental attitudes, situating the project globally.
Surveying Christian Beliefs and Religious Debates in Post-War Britain
by B. ClementsClements provides a detailed study of religious beliefs in British society, using a broad range of opinion poll and social survey data. Examining public opinion on religious-secular issues, this book provides a rich analysis of the belief and attitudes of social groups over time.
Survey-Welten: Eine empirische Perspektive auf Qualitätskonventionen und Praxisformen der Umfrageforschung (Soziologie der Konventionen)
by Raphael VogelDie Open-Access-Studie nimmt eine plurale Perspektive auf Survey-Qualität ein und untersucht empirisch unterschiedliche Logiken der Survey-Produktion. Wie aufgezeigt wird, gehen die vier identifizierten Survey-Welten mit unterschiedlichen Koordinationsprozessen und Qualitätskonventionen einher. Survey-Qualität wird dabei auf einer pragmatischen Basis im Hinblick auf unterschiedliche Nutzungskontexte von statistischen Daten konzipiert. Durch die Verknüpfung der Qualitätsthematik mit der praktischen Organisation des Produktionsprozesses von surveybasierten Daten wird eine engere Verbindung zwischen den Arbeiten der normativen Survey-Methodologie und den Herausforderungen der empirischen Survey-Praxis angestrebt. Die Arbeit präsentiert die Pluralität der Praxisformen von Umfragen, sie identifiziert die Vielfalt der Qualitätskriterien und sie leistet eine konzeptionelle Grundlage für reflexives Survey-Management.Der InhaltPerspektiven auf Survey-Qualität ● Die erweiterte Perspektive der Economie des conventions ● Methodologische Grundlegung und methodisches Vorgehen ● Die vier Survey-Welten im Überblick ● Survey-Projekte aus einer survey-weltlichen Perspektive ● Eine vertiefte survey-weltliche Perspektive auf Surveys ● Skizze einer Systematisierung von Relationen zwischen Regimen des Engagements und Rechtfertigungsordnungen Der Autor Dr. Raphael Vogel war bis Juni 2018 Mitarbeiter am Soziologischen Seminar der Universität Luzern.
Survey Research (PDF)
by Roger SapsfordThis much-anticipated Second Edition presents an informative and accessible account of survey research. It guides the reader through the main theoretical and practical aspects of the subject and illustrates the application of survey methods through examples.
Survey Research Methodology, 1990-1999: An Annotated Bibliography (Bibliographies and Indexes in Law and Political Science)
by Graham R. WaldenSurvey research is one of the most widely used research methodologies across the social and behavioral sciences. Two trends that have had a major impact on the development of survey methods over the last decade are (1) the application of techniques and theories from cognitive psychology to the understanding and reduction of survey measurement error, and (2) the application of new computer and telephony technologies to data collection and analysis. These trends and other emerging issues from the 1990's literature on survey research methods are captured here in 617 detailed annotations to monographs, journals, government documents, dissertations, and ERIC documents. Annotations include examples from business, criminology, education, health and medicine, law, library science, mass media, military science, political science, psychology, sociology, social work, religion, and women's studies.The bibliographic entries provide every useful element, including series names, complete subtitles, and overall text page numbers as well as chapter page numbers. The extensive annotations are more complete, and more detailed than is typical for annotated bibliographies. The descriptions include highlights of the study data and sufficient detail to enable the reader to make an informed choice as to whether to seek the full text. Appendices include journals cited and the major survey research organizations. The annotations are easily accessed through author and subject indexes.
Survey Research in the United States: Roots and Emergence 1890-1960
by Jean M. ConverseHardly an American today escapes being polled or surveyed or sampled. In this illuminating history, Jean Converse shows how survey research came to be perhaps the single most important development in twentieth-century social science. Everyone interested in survey methods and public opinion, including social scientists in many fi elds, will find this volume a major resource.Converse traces the beginnings of survey research in the practical worlds of politics and business, where elite groups sought information so as to infl uence mass democratic publics and markets. During the Depression and World War II, the federal government played a major role in developing surveys on a national scale. In the 1940s certain key individuals with academic connections and experience in polling, business, or government research brought surveys into academic life. By the 1960s, what was initially viewed with suspicion had achieved a measure of scientific acceptance of survey research.The author draws upon a wealth of material in archives, interviews, and published work to trace the origins of the early organizations (the Bureau of Applied Social Research, the National Opinion Research Center, and the Survey Research Center of Michigan), and to capture the perspectives of front-line fi gures such as Paul Lazarsfeld, George Gallup, Elmo Roper, and Rensis Likert. She writes with sensitivity and style, revealing how academic survey research, along with its commercial and political cousins, came of age in the United States.