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Multilingual Digital Humanities (ISSN)
Multilingual Digital Humanities explores the impact of monolingualism—especially Anglocentrism—on digital practices in the humanities and social sciences.The volume explores a wide range of applied contexts, such as digital linguistic injustice, critical digital literacy, digital learning, digital publishing, low-resourced, minoritised or endangered languages in a digital space, and multilingual historical intertextuality. These discussions are situated within wider work on language technologies, language documentation and international (in particular European) language-based infrastructure creation. Drawing on both primary and secondary research, this four-part book features 13 diverse case studies of infrastructural projects, pedagogical resources, computational models, interface building, and publishing initiatives in a range of languages, including Arabic, French, Russian, Portuguese, Italian, German, Spanish, Bengali, Hindi, Malayalam, and Tamil. All the debates are contextualised within a wider cultural frame, thus bridging the gap between the linguistic focus of the multilingual initiatives and wider discussion of cultural criticism in DH. Multilingual Digital Humanities recognizes the digital as a culturally situated and organic multilingual entity embedding past, present, and future worlds, which reacts to and impacts on institutional and methodological frameworks for knowledge creation. It is essential reading for students, scholars, and practitioners working in digital humanities and digital studies.
Multimedia Information Retrieval and Management: Technological Fundamentals and Applications (Signals and Communication Technology)
Everything you ever wanted to know about multimedia retrieval and management. This comprehensive book offers a full picture of the cutting-edge technologies necessary for a profound introduction to the field. Leading experts also cover a broad range of practical applications.
Natural Language Processing and Chinese Computing: 4th CCF Conference, NLPCC 2015, Nanchang, China, October 9-13, 2015, Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #9362)
This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 4th CCF Conference, NLPCC 2015, held in Nanchang, China, in October 2015. The 35 revised full papers presented together with 22 short papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 238 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on fundamentals on language computing; applications on language computing; NLP for search technology and ads; web mining; knowledge acquisition and information extraction.
Nature-Inspired Networking: Theory and Applications
"Nature-inspired" includes, roughly speaking, "bio-inspired"+"physical-inspired"+"social-inspired"+ and so on. This book contains highly original contributions about how nature is going to shape networking systems of the future. Hence, it focuses on rigorous approaches and cutting-edge solutions, which encompass three classes of major methods: 1) Those that take inspiration from nature for the development of novel problem solving techniques; 2) Those that are based on the use of networks to synthesize natural phenomena; and 3) Those that employ natural materials to compute or communicate.
Network Innovation through OpenFlow and SDN: Principles and Design
Software-defined networking (SDN) technologies powered by the OpenFlow protocol provide viable options to address the bandwidth needs of next-generation computer networks. And, since many large corporations already produce network devices that support the OpenFlow standard, there are opportunities for those who can manage complex and large-scale ne
Network Routing: Algorithms, Protocols, and Architectures (ISSN)
Network routing can be broadly categorized into Internet routing, PSTN routing, and telecommunication transport network routing. This book systematically considers these routing paradigms, as well as their interoperability. The authors discuss how algorithms, protocols, analysis, and operational deployment impact these approaches. A unique feature of the book is consideration of both macro-state and micro-state in routing; that is, how routing is accomplished at the level of networks and how routers or switches are designed to enable efficient routing.In reading this book, one will learn about 1) the evolution of network routing, 2) the role of IP and E.164 addressing in routing, 3) the impact on router and switching architectures and their design, 4) deployment of network routing protocols, 5) the role of traffic engineering in routing, and 6) lessons learned from implementation and operational experience. This book explores the strengths and weaknesses that should be considered during deployment of future routing schemes as well as actual implementation of these schemes. It allows the reader to understand how different routing strategies work and are employed and the connection between them. This is accomplished in part by the authors' use of numerous real-world examples to bring the material alive.Bridges the gap between theory and practice in network routing, including the fine points of implementation and operational experienceRouting in a multitude of technologies discussed in practical detail, including, IP/MPLS, PSTN, and optical networkingRouting protocols such as OSPF, IS-IS, BGP presented in detailA detailed coverage of various router and switch architecturesA comprehensive discussion about algorithms on IP-lookup and packet classificationAccessible to a wide audience due to its vendor-neutral approach
Networks Attack Detection on 5G Networks using Data Mining Techniques (Wireless Communications and Networking Technologies)
Artificial intelligence (AI) and its applications have risen to prominence as one of the most active study areas in recent years. In recent years, a rising number of AI applications have been applied in a variety of areas. Agriculture, transportation, medicine, and health are all being transformed by AI technology. The Internet of Things (IoT) market is thriving, having a significant impact on a wide variety of industries and applications, including e-health care, smart cities, smart transportation, and industrial engineering. Recent breakthroughs in artificial intelligence and machine learning techniques have reshaped various aspects of artificial vision, considerably improving the state of the art for artificial vision systems across a broad range of high-level tasks. As a result, several innovations and studies are being conducted to improve the performance and productivity of IoT devices across multiple industries using machine learning and artificial intelligence. Security is a primary consideration when analyzing the next generation communication network due to the rapid advancement of technology. Additionally, data analytics, deep intelligence, deep learning, cloud computing, and intelligent solutions are being employed in medical, agricultural, industrial, and health care systems that are based on the Internet of Things. This book will look at cutting-edge Network Attacks and Security solutions that employ intelligent data processing and Machine Learning (ML) methods.This book: Covers emerging technologies of network attacks and management aspects. Presents artificial intelligence techniques for networks and resource optimization, and toward network automation, and security. Showcases recent industrial and technological aspects of next-generation networks Illustrates artificial intelligence techniques to mitigate cyber-attacks, authentication, and authorization challenges. Explains smart, and real-time monitoring services, multimedia, cloud computing, and information processing methodologies in 5G networks. It is primarily for senior undergraduates, graduate students and academic researchers in the fields of electrical engineering, electronics and communication engineering, computer engineering, and information technology.
Neural Nets WIRN Vietri-01: Proceedings of the 12th Italian Workshop on Neural Nets, Vietri sul Mare, Salerno, Italy, 17–19 May 2001 (Perspectives in Neural Computing)
This volume contains the proceedings of the 12th Italian Workshop on Neural Nets WIRN VIETRI-Ol, jointly organized by the International Institute for Advanced Scientific Studies "Eduardo R. Caianiello" (IIASS), the Societa Italiana Reti Neuroniche (SIREN), the IEEE NNC Italian RIG and the Italian SIG of the INNS. Following the tradition of previous years, we invited three foreign scientists to the workshop, Dr. G. Indiveri and Professors A. Roy and R. Sun, who respectively presented the lectures "Computation in Neuromorphic Analog VLSI Systems", "On Connectionism and Rule Extraction", "Beyond Simple Rule Extraction: Acquiring Planning Knowledge from Neural Networks" (the last two papers being part of the special session mentioned below). In addition, a review talk was presented, dealing with a very up-to-date topic: "NeuroJuzzy Approximator based on Mamdani's Model". A large part of the book contains original contributions approved by referees as oral or poster presentations, which have been assembled for reading convenience into three sections: Architectures and Algorithms, Image and Signal Processing, and Applications. The last part of the books contains the papers of the special Session "From Synapses to Rules". Our thanks go to Prof. B. Apolloni, who organized this section. Furthermore, two sections are dedicated to the memory of two great scientists who were friends in life, Professors Mark Aizerman and Eduardo R. Caianiello. The editors would like to thank the invited speakers, the review lecturers and all the contributors whose highly qualified papers helped with the success of the workshop.
Neural Nets WIRN Vietri-99: Proceedings of the 11th Italian Workshop on Neural Nets, Vietri Sul Mare, Salerno, Italy, 20–22 May 1999 (Perspectives in Neural Computing)
From its early beginnings in the fifties and sixties, the field of neural networks has been steadily developing to become one of the most interdisciplinary areas of research within computer science. This volume contains a selection of papers from WIRN Vietri-99, the 11th Italian Workshop on Neural Nets. This annual event, sponsored, amongst others, by the IEEE Neural Networks Council and the INNS/SIG Italy, brings together the best of research from all over the world. The papers cover a range of topics within neural networks, including pattern recognition, signal and image processing, mathematical models, neuro-fuzzy models and economics applications.
Neural Network Engineering in Dynamic Control Systems (Advances in Industrial Control)
The series Advances in Industrial Control aims to report and encourage technology transfer in control engineering. The rapid development of control technology impacts all areas of the control discipline. New theory, new controllers, actuators, sensors, new industrial processes, computer methods, new applications, new philosophies, .... , new challenges. Much of this development work resides in industrial reports, feasibility study papers and the reports of advanced collaborative projects. The series offers an opportunity for researchers to present an extended exposition of such new work in all aspects of industrial control for wider and rapid dissemination. Within the control community there has been much discussion of and interest in the new Emerging Technologies and Methods. Neural networks along with Fuzzy Logic and Expert Systems is an emerging methodology which has the potential to contribute to the development of intelligent control technologies. This volume of some thirteen chapters edited by Kenneth Hunt, George Irwin and Kevin Warwick makes a useful contribution to the literature of neural network methods and applications. The chapters are arranged systematically progressing from theoretical foundations, through the training aspects of neural nets and concluding with four chapters of applications. The applications include problems as diverse as oven tempera ture control, and energy/load forecasting routines. We hope this interesting but balanced mix of material appeals to a wide range of readers from the theoretician to the industrial applications engineer.
Neuro-Fuzzy and Fuzzy-Neural Applications in Telecommunications (Signals and Communication Technology)
For the first time, this highly interdisciplinary book covers the applications of neuro-fuzzy and fuzzy-neural scientific tools in a very wide area within the communications field. It deals with the important and modern areas of telecommunications amenable to such a treatment.
New Advances in Information Systems and Technologies (Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing #444)
This book contains a selection of articles from The 2016 World Conference on Information Systems and Technologies (WorldCIST'16), held between the 22nd and 24th of March at Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. WorldCIST is a global forum for researchers and practitioners to present and discuss recent results and innovations, current trends, professional experiences and challenges of modern Information Systems and Technologies research, together with their technological development and applications. The main topics covered are: Information and Knowledge Management; Organizational Models and Information Systems; Software and Systems Modeling; Software Systems, Architectures, Applications and Tools; Multimedia Systems and Applications; Computer Networks, Mobility and Pervasive Systems; Intelligent and Decision Support Systems; Big Data Analytics and Applications; Human-Computer Interaction; Health Informatics; Information Technologies in Education; Information Technologies in Radiocommunications.
New Advances in Information Systems and Technologies: Volume 2 (Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing #445)
This book contains a selection of articles from The 2016 World Conference on Information Systems and Technologies (WorldCIST'16), held between the 22nd and 24th of March at Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. WorldCIST is a global forum for researchers and practitioners to present and discuss recent results and innovations, current trends, professional experiences and challenges of modern Information Systems and Technologies research, together with their technological development and applications. The main topics covered are: Information and Knowledge Management; Organizational Models and Information Systems; Software and Systems Modeling; Software Systems, Architectures, Applications and Tools; Multimedia Systems and Applications; Computer Networks, Mobility and Pervasive Systems; Intelligent and Decision Support Systems; Big Data Analytics and Applications; Human-Computer Interaction; Health Informatics; Information Technologies in Education; Information Technologies in Radiocommunications.
New Horizons in Computational Chemistry Software (Topics in Current Chemistry Collections)
This volume presents the current status of software development in the field of computational and theoretical chemistry and gives an overview of the emerging trends. The challenges of maintaining the legacy codes and their adaptation to the rapidly growing hardware capabilities and the new programming environments are surveyed in a series of topical reviews written by the core developers and maintainers of the popular quantum chemistry and molecular dynamics programs. Special emphasis is given to new computational methodologies and practical aspects of their implementation and application in the computational chemistry codes. Modularity of the computational chemistry software is an emerging concept that enables to bypass the development and maintenance bottleneck of the legacy software and to customize the software using the best available computational procedures implemented in the form of self-contained modules. Perspectives on modular design of the computer programs for modeling molecular electronic structure, non-adiabatic dynamics, kinetics, as well as for data visualization are presented by the researchers actively working in the field of software development and application. This volume is of interest to quantum and computational chemists as well as experimental chemists actively using and developing computational software for their research.Chapters "MLatom 2: An Integrative Platform for Atomistic Machine Learning” and “Evolution of the Automatic Rhodopsin Modeling (ARM) Protocol" are available open access under a CC BY 4.0 License via link.springer.com.
New Media Discourses, Culture and Politics after the Arab Spring: Case Studies from Egypt and Beyond
This book investigates the interplay between media, politics, religion, and culture in shaping Arabs' quest for more stable and democratic governance models in the aftermath of the “Arab Spring” uprisings. It focuses on online mediated public debates, specifically user comments on online Arab news sites, and their potential to re-engage citizens in politics. Contributors systematically explore and critique these online communities and spaces in the context of the Arab uprisings, with case studies, largely centered on Egypt, covering micro-bloggers, Islamic discourse online, Libyan nationalism on Facebook, and a computational assessment of online engagement, among other topics.
New Realities: IXth Consciousness Reframed Conference Vienna 2008 (Edition Angewandte)
7 Gerald Bast 8 Roy Ascott 10 Round Table Contents 22 Roy Ascott 190 David McConville 26 Elif Ayiter 194 Francesco Monico 30 John Backwell/John Wood 199 Max Moswitzer 34 René Bauer/Beat Suter 202 Sana Murrani 38 Laura Beloff 207 Ryohei Nakatsu 42 Martha Blassnigg 211 Martha Patricia Niño Mojica 46 Ingrid Böck 215 Carlos Nóbrega 51 Wulf Walter Böttger 220 Robert Pepperell 56 Pier Luigi Capucci 224 Michael Punt 60 Simona Caraceni 228 Susanne Ramsenthaler 65 Antonio Caronia 232 Barbara Rauch 69 Linda Cassens Stoian 236 Nicolas Reeves 73 Isabelle Choinière 240 Clarissa Ribeiro/Gilbertto Prado 78 David Crawford 245 Ana Rosa Richardson 82 Nina Czegledy 248 Glauce Rocha de Oliveira 86 Margaret Dolinsky 253 Natacha Roussel 90 Hannah Drayson 257 Semi Ryu 94 Alan Dunning/Paul Woodrow 261 Miguel Santos 98 Ernest Edmonds 266 Jinsil Seo/Diane Gromala 102 Jürgen Faust 271 Christa Sommerer/Laurent Mignonneau/ 106 Wolfgang Fiel Michael Shamiyeh 110 Andreas Leo Findeisen 276 René Stettler 114 Karmen Franinovic 280 Randall Teal 118 Gonçalo Miguel Furtado 284 Federica Timeto Cardoso Lopes 288 Naoko Tosa/Seigo Matsuoka 123 Martha Carrer Cruz Gabriel 292 Sarah Tremlett 127 Gregory P. Garvey 297 Nicholas Tresilian 132 Luis Miguel Girão 301 Suzete Venturelli/Mario Maciel/ 136 Tina Gonsalves Johnny Souza 140 Jochen Hoog/Manfred Wolff-Plottegg 306 Natasha Vita-More 144 Birgit Huemer 310 Monika Weiss 148 Jung A.
The Next Frontier of Restaurant Management: Harnessing Data to Improve Guest Service and Enhance the Employee Experience (Cornell Hospitality Management: Best Practices)
The Next Frontier of Restaurant Management brings together the latest research in hospitality studies to offer students, hospitality executives, and restaurant managers the best practices for restaurant success. Alex M. Susskind and Mark Maynard draw on their experiences as a hospitality educator and a restaurant industry leader, respectively, to guide readers through innovative articles that address specific aspects of restaurant management:* Creating and preserving a healthy company culture* Developing and upholding standards of service* Successfully navigating guest complaints to promote loyalty* Creating a desirable (and profitable) ambiance* Harnessing technology to improve guest and employee experiences* Mentoring employeesMaynard and Susskind detail the implementation of effective customer management and staff training, design elements such as seating and lighting, the innovative use of data to improve the guest experience, and both consumer-oriented and operation-based technologies. They conclude with a discussion of the human factor that is the foundation of the hospitality industry and the importance of a healthy workplace culture. As Susskind and Maynard show, successful restaurants don't happen by accident.
Next Generation Internet of Things – Distributed Intelligence at the Edge and Human-Machine Interactions
This book provides an overview of the next generation Internet of Things (IoT), ranging from research, innovation, development priorities, to enabling technologies in a global context. It is intended as a standalone in a series covering the activities of the Internet of Things European Research Cluster (IERC), including research, technological innovation, validation, and deployment.The following chapters build on the ideas put forward by the European Research Cluster, the IoT European Platform Initiative (IoT–EPI), the IoT European Large-Scale Pilots Programme and the IoT European Security and Privacy Projects, presenting global views and state-of-the-art results regarding the next generation of IoT research, innovation, development, and deployment.The IoT and Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) are evolving towards the next generation of Tactile IoT/IIoT, bringing together hyperconnectivity (5G and beyond), edge computing, Distributed Ledger Technologies (DLTs), virtual/ andaugmented reality (VR/AR), and artificial intelligence (AI) transformation.Following the wider adoption of consumer IoT, the next generation of IoT/IIoT innovation for business is driven by industries, addressing interoperability issues and providing new end-to-end security solutions to face continuous treats.The advances of AI technology in vision, speech recognition, natural language processing and dialog are enabling the development of end-to-end intelligent systems encapsulating multiple technologies, delivering services in real-time using limited resources. These developments are focusing on designing and delivering embedded and hierarchical AI solutions in IoT/IIoT, edge computing, using distributed architectures, DLTs platforms and distributed end-to-end security, which provide real-time decisions using less data and computational resources, while accessing each type of resource in a way that enhances the accuracy and performance of models in the various IoT/IIoT applications.The convergence and combination of IoT, AI and other related technologies to derive insights, decisions and revenue from sensor data provide new business models and sources of monetization. Meanwhile, scalable, IoT-enabled applications have become part of larger business objectives, enabling digital transformation with a focus on new services and applications.Serving the next generation of Tactile IoT/IIoT real-time use cases over 5G and Network Slicing technology is essential for consumer and industrial applications and support reducing operational costs, increasing efficiency and leveraging additional capabilities for real-time autonomous systems.New IoT distributed architectures, combined with system-level architectures for edge/fog computing, are evolving IoT platforms, including AI and DLTs, with embedded intelligence into the hyperconnectivity infrastructure.The next generation of IoT/IIoT technologies are highly transformational, enabling innovation at scale, and autonomous decision-making in various application domains such as healthcare, smart homes, smart buildings, smart cities, energy, agriculture, transportation and autonomous vehicles, the military, logistics and supply chain, retail and wholesale, manufacturing, mining and oil and gas.
Novel Beings: Regulatory Approaches for a Future of New Intelligent Life (Elgar Law, Technology and Society series)
Novel Beings is a forward-looking exploration into the divide between proactive and reactive regulatory approaches to the cross-section of biotechnology and artificial intelligence (AI) research. Addressing an innovative area of academic study, Novel Beings questions how this research, which has the potential to create new forms of morally valuable life, could be regulated. This fascinating book examines the promises and perils of conflicting approaches to regulating emerging technologies in the unique context of this probable challenge for law and society. An impressive, and multidisciplinary, selection of expert contributors offer considerations vital to any attempt to address these issues before they become impossible to prevent or rectify. Chapters explore technologies such as genomics, synthetic biology and neurotechnologies, as well the profusion of ‘expert systems’ – algorithms and simple AI that interweave through everyday life, from smart assistants, to the financial markets, to social media. David Lawrence and Sarah Morley also discuss the global challenges for society and the laws regarding the status of these technological beings, their protections and obligations.This book will appeal to researchers and academics who are interested in the regulation of emerging technology. It will also provide a beneficial new resource for scholars and postgraduate students studying emerging technology in different fields, such as law, bioethics and philosophy.
Novel Mathematics Inspired by Industrial Challenges (Mathematics in Industry #38)
This contributed volume convenes a rich selection of works with a focus on innovative mathematical methods with applications in real-world, industrial problems. Studies included in this book are all motivated by a relevant industrial challenge, and demonstrate that mathematics for industry can be extremely rewarding, leading to new mathematical methods and sometimes even to entirely new fields within mathematics.The book is organized into two parts: Computational Sciences and Engineering, and Data Analysis and Finance. In every chapter, readers will find a brief description of why such work fits into this volume; an explanation on which industrial challenges have been instrumental for their inspiration; and which methods have been developed as a result. All these contribute to a greater unity of the text, benefiting not only practitioners and professionals seeking information on novel techniques but also graduate students in applied mathematics, engineering, and related fields.
Öffentliche Kunst, Kunst im öffentlichen Raum Niederösterreich, Band 8: / Public Art Lower Austria, Volume 8 (Veröffentlichte Kunst. Kunst im öffentlichen Raum Niederösterreich Public Art Lower Austria #8)
Kunst im öffentlichen Raum in Niederösterreich ist ein einzigartiges Modell, das international höchste Anerkennung findet. Die im ländlichen und kleinstädtischen Raum entstandenen Projekte bedeutender, aber auch junger unbekannter KünstlerInnen setzen sich mit der Landschaft, der Kulturgeschichte und der Architektur auseinander oder entstanden auf der Basis von sozialer und wissenschaftlicher Recherche. Der vorliegende Band dokumentiert die Projekte der Jahre 2004 – 2006. Neben der Projektdokumentation äußern sich Experten unterschiedlichster Bereiche in einer kunstwissenschaftlichen und theoretischen Diskussion zur "Gestaltung von Kreisverkehren", ein Thema brisanter Aktualität in der Gestaltung von Landschaft und Umgebung.
One Origin of Digital Humanities: Fr Roberto Busa in His Own Words
This book gathers, and makes available in English, with new introductions, previously out of print or otherwise difficult to access articles by Fr Roberto Busa S.J. (1913 - 2011). Also included is a comprehensive bibliography of Busa, an oral history interview with Busa's translator, and a substantial new chapter that evaluates Busa's contributions and intellectual legacies. The result is a groundbreaking book that is of interest to digital humanists and computational linguists as well as historians of science, technology and the humanities. As the application of computing to cultural heritage becomes ever more ubiquitous, new possibilities for transmitting, shaping, understanding, questioning and even imagining the human record are opening up. Busa is considered by many to be among the pioneers in this field, and his research on projects like the Index Thomisticus is one of the earliest known examples of a humanities project that incorporated automation; it continues to be widely cited and used today. Busa published more than 350 academic articles and shorter pieces in numerous languages, but despite the unquestionable importance of his early work for understanding the history and development of fields like humanities computing and computational linguistics, a large part of his canon and thinking remained inaccessible or difficult to access until this book.
Online, Blended, and Distance Education in Schools: Building Successful Programs
Co-Published with the Microsoft Corporation Online, Blended and Distance Education in Schools provides students enrolled in Education Technology, Educational Administration and related Masters and PhD programs with expert opinions and insights on the practice and policy in K-12 online, blended and distance education, online and blended programs, including curriculum, instruction, technology and management aspects. It describes the status and trends of the field, provides illustrative program examples, explores the issues and challenges that programs face and highlights ongoing research in key areas related to program effectiveness. Topics discussed:* The current status of K-12 online, distance and blended learning in the U.S.* Policy, funding, and management issues in relation to program implementation* Research on effective programs within governmental jurisdiction and various program types* Global case studies that represent the variety of ways programs are being successfully implemented * A synthesis of key findings and lessons learned, and local and global visions for the future of K-12 distance and online learningThis text is highly appropriate for students enrolled in Educational Technology, Educational Administration and related Masters and PhD programs. An online companion resource provides pedagogical features that enhance text use in a classroom setting.
Open Banking
Open banking is a silent revolution transforming the banking industry. It is the manifestation of the revolution of consumer technology in banking and will dramatically change not only how we bank, but also the world of finance and how we interact with it. Since the United Kingdom along with the rest of the European Union adopted rules requiring banks to share customer data to improve competition in the banking sector, a wave of countries from Asia to Africa to the Americas have adopted various forms of their own open banking regimes. Among Basel Committee jurisdictions, at least fifteen jurisdictions have some form of open banking, and this number does not even include the many jurisdictions outside the Basel Committee membership with open banking activities. Although U.S. banks and market participants have been sharing customer-permissioned data for the past twenty years and there have been recent policy discussions, such as the Obama administration's failed Consumer Data Privacy Bill and the Data Aggregation Principles of the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, open banking is still a little-known concept among consumers and policymakers in the States. This book defines the concept of 'open banking' and explores key legal, policy, and economic questions raised by open banking.
Open Systems Interconnection (Computer Science Series)
Written by a team of software engineers at Admiral Computing Group, this book will appeal both to students of computer systems and to practising engineers. It provides a comprehensive overview of the OSI model and its layers.