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Tourism Dynamics in Everyday Places: Before and After Tourism (Contemporary Geographies of Leisure, Tourism and Mobility)
by Aurélie Condevaux Maria Gravari-Barbas Sandra GuinandThis title offers a dynamic understanding of tourism, usually defined in terms of clearly circumscribed places and temporalities, to grasp its changing spatial patterns. The first part looks at the ‘befores’ – everyday places such as daily markets, flea markets, urban neighbourhoods, that have captured the tourists’ interest and have progressively experienced new development in their ordinary patterns. The second part investigates the ‘afters’ – former tourist spaces moving beyond the tourism sphere and becoming places of everyday life, study or work. Chapters explore what this means for local societies and examine this contemporary phenomenon of former tourist attractions becoming ordinary and everyday, and of ordinary places beginning to take on a tourist dimension. The hybridisation of tourist practices and ordinary practices is also explored through a range of international case studies and examples written by highly regarded and interdisciplinary academics. This edited volume will be of great interest to upper-level students, academics and researchers in tourism, urban studies, and land use planning.
Tourism Education: Global Issues and Trends (Tourism Social Science Series #21)
by Pauline J. Sheldon Cathy H. HsuThis book explores the changing landscape of tourism education in the global context. It examines and seeks to provide answers to three main questions: What knowledge and skills should tourism students be exposed to? How should tourism education programs at all levels be designed to create responsible leaders for the future of tourism? What is the employability and range of careers students can expect after graduation? The book will also delve into the issues related to curriculum design and pedagogical innovation in some detail including technological innovation. It will explore new possibilities in alternative disciplinary approaches to the study of tourism, theoretical concepts in tourism education, cross-disciplinarity, multi-disciplinarity, inter-disciplinarity and trans-disciplinarity. The challenges of institutional rigidity in different national contexts will be explored as well as tourism education in the developing world.
Tourism Education and Asia (Perspectives On Asian Tourism)
by Heike Schänzel Claire LiuThis book looks at various aspects of tourism education in Asian countries and the impacts of sustainable development in tourism education to the Asian student markets. It provides an insightful and authoritative account of the various issues that are shaping the higher educational world of tourism education in Asia and for its Asian students overseas, and it highlights the creative, inventive and innovative ways that educators are responding to these issues.The book is composed of contributions from specialists in the field and is international in scope. It is divided into four parts: an introduction setting the scene of tourism education and Asia; case studies of tourism education in various Asian countries; case studies of tourism education of Asian students abroad and their trans-national student experiences; and broader perspectives on intra-Asian and transnational tourism education. The book provides a systematic guide to the current state of knowledge on tourism education and Asia and its future direction, and is essential reading for students, researchers, educational practitioners, and academics in Tourism Studies.
Tourism Employment in Nordic Countries: Trends, Practices, and Opportunities
by Andreas Walmsley Kajsa Åberg Petra Blinnikka Gunnar Thór JóhannessonViewed through a politico-economic lens, Nordic countries share what is often referred to as the ‘Nordic model’, characterised by a comprehensive welfare state; higher spending on childcare; more equitable income distribution; and lifelong-learning policies. This edited collection considers these contexts to explore the complex nature of tourism employment, thereby providing insights into the dynamic nature, characteristics, and meaning of work in tourism. Contributors combine explorations of the impact of policy on tourism employment with a more traditional human resources management approach focusing on employment issues from an organizational perspective, such as job satisfaction, training, and retention. The text points to opportunities as well as challenges relating to issues such as the notion of ‘decent work’, the role and contribution of migrant workers, and more broadly, the varying policy objectives embedded within the Nordic welfare model. Offering a detailed, multi-faceted analysis of tourism employment, this book is a valuable resource for students, researchers and practitioners interested in tourism employment in the region.
Tourism Encounters and Controversies: Ontological Politics of Tourism Development (New Directions in Tourism Analysis)
by Carina Ren Gunnar Thór Jóhannesson Van Der Duim RenéThe multiplicity of tourism encounters provide some of the best available occasions to observe the social world and its making(s). Focusing on ontological politics of tourism development, this book examines how different versions of tourism are enacted, how encounters between different versions of tourism orderings may result in controversies, but also on how these enactments and encounters are entangled in multiple ways to broader areas of development, conservation, policy and destination management. Throughout the book, encounters and controversies are investigated from a poststructuralist and relational approach as complex and emerging, seeing the roles and characteristics of related actors as co-constituted. Inspired by post-actor-network theory and related research, the studies include the social as well as the material, but also multiplicity and ontological politics when examining controversial matters or events.
Tourism Encounters and Controversies: Ontological Politics of Tourism Development (New Directions in Tourism Analysis)
by René van der Duim Carina Ren Gunnar Thór JóhannessonThe multiplicity of tourism encounters provide some of the best available occasions to observe the social world and its making(s). Focusing on ontological politics of tourism development, this book examines how different versions of tourism are enacted, how encounters between different versions of tourism orderings may result in controversies, but also on how these enactments and encounters are entangled in multiple ways to broader areas of development, conservation, policy and destination management. Throughout the book, encounters and controversies are investigated from a poststructuralist and relational approach as complex and emerging, seeing the roles and characteristics of related actors as co-constituted. Inspired by post-actor-network theory and related research, the studies include the social as well as the material, but also multiplicity and ontological politics when examining controversial matters or events.
Tourism Enterprise: Developments, Management and Sustainability (Routledge Advances In Tourism Ser.)
by David LeslieThe environmental quality and popularity of any tourist destination is the outcome of sustained development, shaped by the socio-economic and physical dimensions of the local environment. Protecting the ‘living landscape’ requires recognizing, promoting and developing the links between economic, social and environmental objectives. This book therefore examines the tourism business in terms of ‘greening’ the local economy, people and environment, establishing the green agenda and investigating its application to the tourism sector.
Tourism Enterprises and the Sustainability Agenda across Europe
by David LeslieWith the emphasis on small enterprises, this book provides a comprehensive analysis of what is happening across Europe in terms of sustainable development objectives and sustainability in the context of tourism supply. Each contribution in this edited collection addresses specific aspects of tourism enterprise activity within the overall context of policy and practice aimed at improving environmental performance. A series of broader issues are examined such as EU environmental policy and initiatives as they relate to tourism, social issues such as equity and employment, and transport, followed by detailed examples of specific case studies. Well-informed and based on current research this book is informative and invaluable to any one studying tourism and hospitality today, particularly those involved directly or indirectly in the fields of policy, planning and development.
Tourism Enterprises and the Sustainability Agenda across Europe
by David LeslieWith the emphasis on small enterprises, this book provides a comprehensive analysis of what is happening across Europe in terms of sustainable development objectives and sustainability in the context of tourism supply. Each contribution in this edited collection addresses specific aspects of tourism enterprise activity within the overall context of policy and practice aimed at improving environmental performance. A series of broader issues are examined such as EU environmental policy and initiatives as they relate to tourism, social issues such as equity and employment, and transport, followed by detailed examples of specific case studies. Well-informed and based on current research this book is informative and invaluable to any one studying tourism and hospitality today, particularly those involved directly or indirectly in the fields of policy, planning and development.
Tourism Entrepreneurship in Portugal and Spain: Competitive Landscapes and Innovative Business Models (Tourism, Hospitality & Event Management)
by João Leitão Vanessa Ratten Vitor BragaThis contributed volume introduces the innovative landscapes and business models used in tourism entrepreneurship initiatives of Portugal and Spain. It provides benchmarks for entrepreneurial initiatives covering tourism services, place-branded tourism, social networks, spiritual tourism, cross-border tourism initiatives, and tourism in low-density regions. It also provides guidelines for future strategic actions to foster rural and sustainable development in alternative tourism destinations, following the Iberian experience.
Tourism Ethnographies: Ethics, Methods, Application and Reflexivity (Routledge Advances in Tourism and Anthropology)
by Hazel Andrews Takamitsu Jimura Laura DixonHow is ethnography practiced in the context of tourism? As a multi- and interdisciplinary area of academic enquiry, the use of ethnography to study tourism is found in an increasingly diverse number of settings. This book is a collection of essays that discuss the practice of ethnography in tourism settings. Scholars from different countries share their work. Reflecting on their experiences, each author presents an individual insight into the complexities of ethnographic practice in destinations from around the globe, including Amsterdam, Angola, Bali, Greece, India, Namibia, Portugal, Spain and the UK. The book explores a range of themes including obtaining institutional ethical approval; the ethics of fieldwork in-situ; the use of oral histories; the role of memory; and empowerment and disempowerment in field relations. It looks at gender issues in negotiating entrance to the field, the use of collaborative fieldwork in teaching, team ethnographies, and reflections on writing up. This is the first book to bring together several tourism scholars using ethnography as their research method. It gives insight into the experience of this unique technique and will be a useful guide for those new to the field, as well as the more seasoned ethnographer who may recognise similar experiences to their own.
Tourism Ethnographies: Ethics, Methods, Application and Reflexivity (Routledge Advances in Tourism and Anthropology)
by Jackie Jones Rashida ManjooHow is ethnography practiced in the context of tourism? As a multi- and interdisciplinary area of academic enquiry, the use of ethnography to study tourism is found in an increasingly diverse number of settings. This book is a collection of essays that discuss the practice of ethnography in tourism settings. Scholars from different countries share their work. Reflecting on their experiences, each author presents an individual insight into the complexities of ethnographic practice in destinations from around the globe, including Amsterdam, Angola, Bali, Greece, India, Namibia, Portugal, Spain and the UK. The book explores a range of themes including obtaining institutional ethical approval; the ethics of fieldwork in-situ; the use of oral histories; the role of memory; and empowerment and disempowerment in field relations. It looks at gender issues in negotiating entrance to the field, the use of collaborative fieldwork in teaching, team ethnographies, and reflections on writing up. This is the first book to bring together several tourism scholars using ethnography as their research method. It gives insight into the experience of this unique technique and will be a useful guide for those new to the field, as well as the more seasoned ethnographer who may recognise similar experiences to their own.
Tourism Events in Asia: Marketing and Development (Routledge Advances in Event Research Series)
by Azizul Hassan Anukrati SharmaThe roles and impacts of planned events within tourism are of increasing importance for destination competitiveness. Tourism Events in Asia is a unique contribution to the understanding of the impacts of events in the development planning, promotion and marketing of destinations in the rapidly growing tourism market of Asia. Balancing theory and practical examples, the book analyses the tools and techniques of branding, marketing and media involvement as well as visitor motivations for successful tourism events in Asia. It reviews a range of different event types from dark tourism festivals, film tourism festivals, cultural heritage tourism festivals, food tourism festivals, business events, sports events; and meeting, incentives, conferences and exhibitions (MICE) and much more. Written by an international team of authors, this book is essential reading for anyone interested in the Asian tourism events market and will be a valuable resource for students and researchers of events, tourism, marketing and branding.
Tourism Events in Asia: Marketing and Development (Routledge Advances in Event Research Series)
by Azizul Hassan Anukrati SharmaThe roles and impacts of planned events within tourism are of increasing importance for destination competitiveness. Tourism Events in Asia is a unique contribution to the understanding of the impacts of events in the development planning, promotion and marketing of destinations in the rapidly growing tourism market of Asia. Balancing theory and practical examples, the book analyses the tools and techniques of branding, marketing and media involvement as well as visitor motivations for successful tourism events in Asia. It reviews a range of different event types from dark tourism festivals, film tourism festivals, cultural heritage tourism festivals, food tourism festivals, business events, sports events; and meeting, incentives, conferences and exhibitions (MICE) and much more. Written by an international team of authors, this book is essential reading for anyone interested in the Asian tourism events market and will be a valuable resource for students and researchers of events, tourism, marketing and branding.
Tourism Experiences and Animal Consumption: Contested Values, Morality and Ethics (Routledge Research in the Ethics of Tourism Series)
by Carol KlineThis book provides an interdisciplinary discussion of animals as a source of food within the context of tourism. It focuses on a range of ethical issues associated with the production and consumption of animal foods, highlighting the different ways in which animals are valued and utilised within different cultural and economic contexts. This book brings together food studies of animals with tourism and ethics, forming an important contribution to the wider conversation of human-animal studies.
Tourism Experiences and Animal Consumption: Contested Values, Morality and Ethics (Routledge Research in the Ethics of Tourism Series)
by Carol KlineThis book provides an interdisciplinary discussion of animals as a source of food within the context of tourism. It focuses on a range of ethical issues associated with the production and consumption of animal foods, highlighting the different ways in which animals are valued and utilised within different cultural and economic contexts. This book brings together food studies of animals with tourism and ethics, forming an important contribution to the wider conversation of human-animal studies.
Tourism Fictions, Simulacra and Virtualities (Contemporary Geographies of Leisure, Tourism and Mobility)
by Maria Gravari-Barbas Nelson Graburn Jean-François StaszakTourism Fictions, Simulacra and Virtualities offers a new understanding of tourism’s interaction with space, questioning the ways in which fictions, simulacra and virtualities express tourism in the built environment and vice versa. Since its beginnings, tourism has inspired themed built environments that have a constitutive, and sometimes problematic, relationship with the “real” world and its architectural references. This volume questions and rethinks the different environments constructed or adapted both for and by tourism exploring the relationship between the “real” and the “unreal” within the tourist bubble and the ways in which the real world inspires simulacra for tourism use. Adopting an interdisciplinary approach this book touches on a wide range of geographical areas, eras and subjects such as post-socialist tourism in Poland, the Hawaiian imaginary in Las Vegas, Rio de Janeiro’s Little Africa, as well as multiple instances of virtual reality in tourism. This timely and innovative volume will be of great interest to upper level students, researchers and academics in tourism, architecture, cultural studies, geography and heritage studies.
Tourism Fictions, Simulacra and Virtualities (Contemporary Geographies of Leisure, Tourism and Mobility)
by Maria Gravari-Barbas Nelson Graburn Jean-François StaszakTourism Fictions, Simulacra and Virtualities offers a new understanding of tourism’s interaction with space, questioning the ways in which fictions, simulacra and virtualities express tourism in the built environment and vice versa. Since its beginnings, tourism has inspired themed built environments that have a constitutive, and sometimes problematic, relationship with the “real” world and its architectural references. This volume questions and rethinks the different environments constructed or adapted both for and by tourism exploring the relationship between the “real” and the “unreal” within the tourist bubble and the ways in which the real world inspires simulacra for tourism use. Adopting an interdisciplinary approach this book touches on a wide range of geographical areas, eras and subjects such as post-socialist tourism in Poland, the Hawaiian imaginary in Las Vegas, Rio de Janeiro’s Little Africa, as well as multiple instances of virtual reality in tourism. This timely and innovative volume will be of great interest to upper level students, researchers and academics in tourism, architecture, cultural studies, geography and heritage studies.
Tourism Forecasting and Marketing
by Kevin Wong Haiyan SongStay up to date with the most effective practices in tourism demand forecasting! Tourism Forecasting and Marketing presents vital, up-to-date research on the latest practice and applications of tourism demand modeling and forecasting. The book addresses both econometric and time series approaches to forecasting, focusing on the concepts, model specification, data analysis, and methodologies used in day-to-day tourism planning. An international panel of practitioners and academics call on a diverse range of empirical research findings to discuss commonly used theoretical frameworks for forecasting and future directions tourism demand is likely to take. Tourism Forecasting and Marketing presents research findings from the United States, the United Kingdom, Asia, and Australia that are invaluable for guiding government and private sector tourism investment and development decisions. The book addresses traditional versus modern forecasting techniques; evaluations of current and past forecasting methods; modeling and forecasting destination choice; and the impact of forecasting and marketing on tourism demand. Topics include: using time series models to forecast inbound tourism demand for China and Greece determining the economic factors that influence tourism demand in Hong Kong, Indonesia, and Malaysia examining domestic travel expenditures in South Korea developing a model to forecast ski tourism using the Palmore cohort analysis for tourism forecasting and much more! Tourism Forecasting and Marketing is an important textbook for educators and students working in tourism policy planning and management, and tourism marketing. The book is equally effective as a reference for travel and tourism researchers, and for professionals dealing with tourism demand analysis and forecasting.
Tourism Forecasting and Marketing
by Kevin Wong Haiyan SongStay up to date with the most effective practices in tourism demand forecasting! Tourism Forecasting and Marketing presents vital, up-to-date research on the latest practice and applications of tourism demand modeling and forecasting. The book addresses both econometric and time series approaches to forecasting, focusing on the concepts, model specification, data analysis, and methodologies used in day-to-day tourism planning. An international panel of practitioners and academics call on a diverse range of empirical research findings to discuss commonly used theoretical frameworks for forecasting and future directions tourism demand is likely to take. Tourism Forecasting and Marketing presents research findings from the United States, the United Kingdom, Asia, and Australia that are invaluable for guiding government and private sector tourism investment and development decisions. The book addresses traditional versus modern forecasting techniques; evaluations of current and past forecasting methods; modeling and forecasting destination choice; and the impact of forecasting and marketing on tourism demand. Topics include: using time series models to forecast inbound tourism demand for China and Greece determining the economic factors that influence tourism demand in Hong Kong, Indonesia, and Malaysia examining domestic travel expenditures in South Korea developing a model to forecast ski tourism using the Palmore cohort analysis for tourism forecasting and much more! Tourism Forecasting and Marketing is an important textbook for educators and students working in tourism policy planning and management, and tourism marketing. The book is equally effective as a reference for travel and tourism researchers, and for professionals dealing with tourism demand analysis and forecasting.
Tourism Geography: Critical Understandings of Place, Space and Experience (Contemporary Human Geography Ser.)
by Stephen Williams Alan A. LewFor human geographers, a central theme within the discipline is interpreting and understanding our changing world – a world in which geographic patterns are constantly being reworked by powerful forces of change. These forces include population shifts, new patterns of economic production and consumption, evolving social and political structures, new forms of urbanism, and globalisation and the compressions of time and space that are the product of the ongoing revolutions in information technology and telecommunications. This book attempts to show how tourism has also come to be a major force for change as an integral and indispensable part of the places in which we live, their economies and their societies. When scarcely a corner of the globe remains untouched by the influence of tourism, this is a phenomenon that we can no longer ignore. Tourism is also an intensely geographic phenomenon. It exists through the desire of people to move in search of embodied experience of other places as individuals and en mass and at scales from the local to the increasingly global. Tourism creates distinctive relationships between people (as tourists) and the host spaces, places and people they visit, which has significant implications for destination development and resource use and exploitation, which are exhibited through a range of economic, social, cultural and environmental impacts that have important implications for local geographies. This third edition of Tourism Geography: critical understandings of place, space and experience presents an essential understanding of critical perspectives on how tourism places and spaces are created and maintained. Drawing on the holistic nature of geography, a range of social science disciplinary views are presented, including both historical and contemporary perspectives. Fundamentally, however, the book strives to connect tourism to key geographical concepts of globalisation, mobility, production and consumption, physical landscapes, and post-industrial change. The book is arranged in five parts. Part I provides an overview of fundamental tourism definitions and concepts, along with an introduction to some of the major themes in contemporary geographic research on tourism, which are further developed in subsequent chapters of this book. In Part II the discussion focuses on how spatial patterns of modern tourism have evolved through time from regional to global geographies. Part III offers an extended discussion of how tourism relates to places that are toured through their economic landscape, contemporary environmental change and socio-cultural relations. Part IV explores a range of major themes in the geographies of tourism, including place creation and promotion, the transformation of urban tourism, heritage and place identity, and creating personal identity through consumption, encounters with nature and other embodied forms of tourism experience. Part V turns to applied geography with an overview of the different roles of planning for tourism as a means of spatial regulation of the activity, and a look at emerging themes in the critical geography of contemporary and future geographies of tourism. This third edition has been revised by Dr Alan A. Lew, who becomes the new co-author of Tourism Geography. Some of the major revisions that I have incorporated include moving most of the case study boxes to the website http://tourismgeography.com, which will provide a growing wealth of new case studies, over time. I have also incorporated new material, reorganised some of the content to balance the topics covered, created a new concluding chapter that explores some recently emerging perspectives in critical tourism geography, and re-written the text to make it more accessible to a global English-speaking world. That said, the book is still very much the work of Dr Stephen Williams. As such, it maintains its original concise yet comprehensive review of contemporary tourism geography and the ways in which geographers critically interpret this important global phenomenon. It is written as an introd
Tourism Geography: Critical Understandings of Place, Space and Experience
by Stephen Williams Alan A. LewFor human geographers, a central theme within the discipline is interpreting and understanding our changing world – a world in which geographic patterns are constantly being reworked by powerful forces of change. These forces include population shifts, new patterns of economic production and consumption, evolving social and political structures, new forms of urbanism, and globalisation and the compressions of time and space that are the product of the ongoing revolutions in information technology and telecommunications. This book attempts to show how tourism has also come to be a major force for change as an integral and indispensable part of the places in which we live, their economies and their societies. When scarcely a corner of the globe remains untouched by the influence of tourism, this is a phenomenon that we can no longer ignore. Tourism is also an intensely geographic phenomenon. It exists through the desire of people to move in search of embodied experience of other places as individuals and en mass and at scales from the local to the increasingly global. Tourism creates distinctive relationships between people (as tourists) and the host spaces, places and people they visit, which has significant implications for destination development and resource use and exploitation, which are exhibited through a range of economic, social, cultural and environmental impacts that have important implications for local geographies. This third edition of Tourism Geography: critical understandings of place, space and experience presents an essential understanding of critical perspectives on how tourism places and spaces are created and maintained. Drawing on the holistic nature of geography, a range of social science disciplinary views are presented, including both historical and contemporary perspectives. Fundamentally, however, the book strives to connect tourism to key geographical concepts of globalisation, mobility, production and consumption, physical landscapes, and post-industrial change. The book is arranged in five parts. Part I provides an overview of fundamental tourism definitions and concepts, along with an introduction to some of the major themes in contemporary geographic research on tourism, which are further developed in subsequent chapters of this book. In Part II the discussion focuses on how spatial patterns of modern tourism have evolved through time from regional to global geographies. Part III offers an extended discussion of how tourism relates to places that are toured through their economic landscape, contemporary environmental change and socio-cultural relations. Part IV explores a range of major themes in the geographies of tourism, including place creation and promotion, the transformation of urban tourism, heritage and place identity, and creating personal identity through consumption, encounters with nature and other embodied forms of tourism experience. Part V turns to applied geography with an overview of the different roles of planning for tourism as a means of spatial regulation of the activity, and a look at emerging themes in the critical geography of contemporary and future geographies of tourism. This third edition has been revised by Dr Alan A. Lew, who becomes the new co-author of Tourism Geography. Some of the major revisions that I have incorporated include moving most of the case study boxes to the website http://tourismgeography.com, which will provide a growing wealth of new case studies, over time. I have also incorporated new material, reorganised some of the content to balance the topics covered, created a new concluding chapter that explores some recently emerging perspectives in critical tourism geography, and re-written the text to make it more accessible to a global English-speaking world. That said, the book is still very much the work of Dr Stephen Williams. As such, it maintains its original concise yet comprehensive review of contemporary tourism geography and the ways in which geographers critically interpret this important global phenomenon. It is written as an introd
Tourism, Health, Wellbeing and Protected Areas
by Iride Azara, Eleni Michopoulou, Federico Niccolini, B. Derrick Taff and Alan ClarkeAround the world, there is mounting evidence that parks and protected areas contribute to a healthy civil society, thus increasing the economic importance of cultural and nature-based tourism. Operating at the intersection of business and the environment, tourism can improve human health and wellbeing as well as serve as a catalyst for increasing appreciation and stewardship of the natural world. While the revenues from nature-based activities help to make the case for investing in park and protected area management; the impacts they have need to be carefully managed, so that visitors do not destroy the natural wonders that attracted them to a destination in the first place. This book features contributions from tourism and recreation researchers and practitioners exploring the relationship between tourism, hospitality, protected areas, livelihoods and both physical and emotional human wellbeing. The book includes sections focused on theory, policy and practice, and case studies, to inform and guide industry decisions to address real-world problems and proactively plan for a sustainable and healthy future. Key features: Case studies discussing best practices for park and protected area tourism development Multi-disciplinary approach to the study of nature-based tourism Innovative approaches including SME within protected destinations
Tourism, Heritage and Commodification of Non-human Animals: A Posthumanist Reflection
by Tomas Arias Jean Azcatl Pineda Alicia Mariana Pérez Bobbie Chew Bigby Émilie Crossley Johan Edelheim Georgina Flores Carolin Funck Leonardo Garavito-González Yulei Guo Dr Jes Hooper Brenda Martínez Velasco Alejandro Morales Gustavo Ortiz-Millán Mateo Nicolás Medina Jorge Iván Barrera Javed Salim Estephania Sepúlveda Perdomo Rie Usui David A. Varela-Trejo Nusrat YasmeenHeritage is a social construction rooted in modern and contemporary societies. It is commonly a positive assessment of many elements of the physical and human environment (e.g. ecosystems and landscapes, monuments, customs, gender norms, religious practices, gastronomy, and livelihoods). Heritage and tourism are strongly related to each other in that heritage gives rise to tourist attractions and activities, and tourism enhances the designation of heritage sites. Non-human animals (hereafter 'animals') are present as implicit or explicit heritage elements through multiple tourist environments: animals may be themselves the heritage focus of tourist interest (visual arts, gastronomy, as charismatic and distinguished beings, as part of festivities or rituals), or it may be that animals are agents involved in heritage tourist environments such as working animals or in recreational activities. A post-humanist perspective the moral valuation of equality between humans and other animals demands that both are sentient beings and self-aware of their pain and pleasure. Thus, the involvement of animals as heritage elements by themselves or as an element of tourist consumption in heritage sites implies their commodification and lack of agency. As such, these practices are usually unethical, since they threaten the animals' primary interests: not to suffer, not to feel pain and to be able to live their freedom. This book contains chapters that reveal both the unethical interactions between humans and animals within heritage tourism, and those that show experiences in which efforts are made to minimize damage within the commercialization of animals involved as heritage themselves. It will be of interest to postgraduate students, academics, NGOs and tourism planners.
The Tourism, Hospitality and Events Student′s Guide to Study and Employability
by Sally Everett Nicola Cade Abigail Hunt Deborah Lock Katie Lupton Steve McDonaldThis essential companion will guide you on your journey throughout your studies in tourism, hospitality and events management, from starting your university or college programme, to developing the essential skills needed for successful study and employment, to ensuring you perform well in assessments, through to applying for and securing a graduate level job and entering the workplace. Highly practical and accessible, chapters include: Think points to encourage you to pause and reflect on what the topic means for you Reflection exercises to help you evaluate your own skills, attributes and strengths/weaknesses Industry insights to offer you a unique view into the industry you’ll be working in Employer insights to provide you with real-world case examples from employers Student insights to show you different perspectives experienced by your peers Written by experts in the field, this friendly guide will provide you with everything you need to succeed and support you along every step of the way through your studies and into industry!