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Categorization and Differentiation: A Set, Re-Set, Comparison Analysis of the Effects of Context on Person Perception (Recent Research in Psychology)
by Leonard L. MartinIn the context of interpersonal interaction, it is possible to characterize human beings as complex sources of information. When interacting with one another, people in tentionally, as well as unintentionally, emit cues which other people can use as a basis for generating inferences and forming impressions about them. As a rule, the informa tion that one receives about another person is complex, mutable, and multidimensional. Often, it is contradictory. One of the more enduring lines of investigation in social psychology has been concerned with understanding the processes whereby people mold such diverse information into a single, unified impression. The linear approach The most influential approach to this issue in recent years has been Anderson's information integration theory (e. g. , Anderson, 1974). The goal of this approach to im pression formation is the formulation of an algebraic model which describes the relation between stimulus input charac teristics and reported judgments. According to information integration theory, a stimulus is characterized hy two parameters: scale value and weight. The scale value of a stimulus represents the perceiver's subjective response to the information on the dimension of judgment (e. g. , good-bad, light-heavy, like-dislike). The weight of a stimulus is its importance or relevance to the judgment. It is perhaps best conceptualized as the proportion that each element of a compound stimulus contributes to the overall evaluation of the compound.
Categorization in Social Psychology (PDF)
by Craig McgartyCategorization in Social Psychology offers a major introduction to the study of categorization, looking especially at links between categorization in cognitive and social psychology. In a highly readable and accessible style, the author covers all the main approaches to categorization in social psychology that a student might come across, including: biased stimulus processing, construct actviation, self-categorization, explanation-based, social judgeability and assimilation/contrast approaches. It is a wide-ranging and up-to-date treatment of concepts from cognitive as well as social psychology.
The Category of ‘Religion’ in Contemporary Japan: Shūkyō and Temple Buddhism
by Mitsutoshi HoriiThis book critically examines the term ‘religion’ (shūkyō) as a social category within the sociological context of contemporary Japan. Whereas the nineteenth-century construction of shūkyō has been critically studied by many, the same critical approach has not been extended to the contemporary context of the Japanese-language discourse on shūkyō and Temple Buddhism. This work aims to unveil the norms and imperatives which govern the utilization of the term shūkyō in the specific context of modern day Japan, with a particular focus upon Temple Buddhism. The author draws on a number of popular publications in Japanese, many of which have been written by Buddhist priests. In addition, the book offers rich interview material from conversations with Buddhist priests.Readers will gain insights into the critical deconstruction, the historicization, and the study of social classification system of ‘religion’, in terms of its cross-cultural application to the contemporary Japanese context. The book will be of interest to students and scholars across a range of disciplines including Japanese Studies, Buddhology, Religious Studies, Social Anthropology, and Sociology.
The Category of ‘Religion’ in Contemporary Japan: Shūkyō and Temple Buddhism
by Mitsutoshi HoriiThis book critically examines the term ‘religion’ (shūkyō) as a social category within the sociological context of contemporary Japan. Whereas the nineteenth-century construction of shūkyō has been critically studied by many, the same critical approach has not been extended to the contemporary context of the Japanese-language discourse on shūkyō and Temple Buddhism. This work aims to unveil the norms and imperatives which govern the utilization of the term shūkyō in the specific context of modern day Japan, with a particular focus upon Temple Buddhism. The author draws on a number of popular publications in Japanese, many of which have been written by Buddhist priests. In addition, the book offers rich interview material from conversations with Buddhist priests.Readers will gain insights into the critical deconstruction, the historicization, and the study of social classification system of ‘religion’, in terms of its cross-cultural application to the contemporary Japanese context. The book will be of interest to students and scholars across a range of disciplines including Japanese Studies, Buddhology, Religious Studies, Social Anthropology, and Sociology.
Catholic Bishops in the United States: Church Leadership in the Third Millennium
by Stephen J. Fichter Thomas P. Gaunt Catherine Hoegeman Paul M. PerlIn the past thirty years, the Catholic bishops of the United States have made headlines with their statements on nuclear disarmament and economic justice, their struggles to address sexual abuse by clergy, and their defense of refugees and immigrants. Despite many similarities, the nearly two hundred U.S. bishops are a diverse mix of varying backgrounds and opinions. The last research- based book to study the bishops of the United States came out in 1989, since which time the Church has gone from Pope John Paul II to Benedict XVI to Pope Francis and undergone dramatic shifts. Catholic Bishops in the United States: Church Leadership in the Third Millennium presents the results of a 2016 survey conducted by the Center of Applied Research for the Apostolate (CARA). It reveals the U.S. bishops' individual experiences, their day-to-day activities, their challenges and satisfactions as Church leaders, and their strategies for managing their dioceses and speaking out on public issues. The bishops' leadership has been tested by changes including the movement of Catholics from the Northeast and Midwest to the South and West, the arrival of huge numbers of Catholic immigrants, and the ongoing decline in the number of priests and sisters serving the Catholic community. This book provides a much-needed, up-to-date, and comprehensive view of who the U.S. bishops of today are, where they are from, and how they are leading the Church in the United States in the era of Pope Francis.
Catholic Bishops in the United States: Church Leadership in the Third Millennium
by Thomas P. Gaunt Stephen J. Fichter Catherine Hoegeman Paul M. PerlIn the past thirty years, the Catholic bishops of the United States have made headlines with their statements on nuclear disarmament and economic justice, their struggles to address sexual abuse by clergy, and their defense of refugees and immigrants. Despite many similarities, the nearly two hundred U.S. bishops are a diverse mix of varying backgrounds and opinions. The last research- based book to study the bishops of the United States came out in 1989, since which time the Church has gone from Pope John Paul II to Benedict XVI to Pope Francis and undergone dramatic shifts. Catholic Bishops in the United States: Church Leadership in the Third Millennium presents the results of a 2016 survey conducted by the Center of Applied Research for the Apostolate (CARA). It reveals the U.S. bishops' individual experiences, their day-to-day activities, their challenges and satisfactions as Church leaders, and their strategies for managing their dioceses and speaking out on public issues. The bishops' leadership has been tested by changes including the movement of Catholics from the Northeast and Midwest to the South and West, the arrival of huge numbers of Catholic immigrants, and the ongoing decline in the number of priests and sisters serving the Catholic community. This book provides a much-needed, up-to-date, and comprehensive view of who the U.S. bishops of today are, where they are from, and how they are leading the Church in the United States in the era of Pope Francis.
The Catholic Church in China: 1978 to the Present
by C. ChuThis book traces the history of the Catholic Church in China since the country opened up to the world in December 1978. It comprehensively studies the Chinese Catholic Church on various levels, including an analysis of Sino-Vatican relations, the control over the Catholic Church by the Beijing government, the supervision of local Church activities, and the consecration of government-approved bishops, the formation of priests, and the everyday lives of Chinese Catholics.
The Catholic Church in Taiwan: Birth, Growth and Development
by Francis K.H. So Beatrice K.F. Leung Ellen Mary MylodThis book provides a ground breaking interdisciplinary study of the Catholic Church in Taiwan, focusing on the post 1949 Civil War in China through to the present day, and discusses the role played by the Catholic Church in contemporary Taiwanese society. It considers the situation of the Catholic church of Taiwan during the Japanese Occupation, Taiwan-Vatican Relations from 1949 onwards and triangular Relations among the Vatican, Taiwan and China during Tsai Ing-wen’s Administration. Written from a wide range of perspectives, from history and international relations to literature, philosophy, and education, this volume offers an important perspective on the birth and development of the Catholic Church in Taiwan, contributing a key work to religious studies in the Greater China Region.
The Catholic Church in Taiwan: Birth, Growth and Development
by Francis K.H. So Beatrice K.F. Leung Ellen Mary MylodThis book provides a ground breaking interdisciplinary study of the Catholic Church in Taiwan, focusing on the post 1949 Civil War in China through to the present day, and discusses the role played by the Catholic Church in contemporary Taiwanese society. It considers the situation of the Catholic church of Taiwan during the Japanese Occupation, Taiwan-Vatican Relations from 1949 onwards and triangular Relations among the Vatican, Taiwan and China during Tsai Ing-wen’s Administration. Written from a wide range of perspectives, from history and international relations to literature, philosophy, and education, this volume offers an important perspective on the birth and development of the Catholic Church in Taiwan, contributing a key work to religious studies in the Greater China Region.
The Catholic Church in Taiwan: Problems and Prospects
by Francis K.H. So Beatrice K.F. Leung Ellen Mary MylodThis book provides a key analysis of the development of the Catholic Church in Taiwan, and considers the challenges it faces in contemporary times. It examines how the 1949 revolution in Mainland China brought a great number of Chinese intellectuals to Taiwan and provided the Taiwan Catholic Church with valuable human asset for theological and liturgical indigenization. This volume considers different aspects of the development of the Taiwan Catholic Church in the context of indigenization, and examines how the multi-faceted aspects of Catholicism in the Taiwan Catholic Church are revealed through history, philosophy, social science, linguistics, music and literature.
The Catholic Church in Taiwan: Problems and Prospects
by Francis K.H. So Beatrice K.F. Leung Ellen Mary MylodThis book provides a key analysis of the development of the Catholic Church in Taiwan, and considers the challenges it faces in contemporary times. It examines how the 1949 revolution in Mainland China brought a great number of Chinese intellectuals to Taiwan and provided the Taiwan Catholic Church with valuable human asset for theological and liturgical indigenization. This volume considers different aspects of the development of the Taiwan Catholic Church in the context of indigenization, and examines how the multi-faceted aspects of Catholicism in the Taiwan Catholic Church are revealed through history, philosophy, social science, linguistics, music and literature.
Catholic Education: Distinctive and Inclusive
by J. SullivanHow coherent is the claim that Catholic education is both distinctive and inclusive? This question, so crucial, both for the adequate articulation of a raison d'être for Catholic schools all over the world and also for the promotion of their healthy functioning, has not hitherto been addressed critically. Here it receives penetrating analysis and constructive resolution in a comprehensive treatment that integrates theological, philosophical and educational perspectives. The argument draws on wide-ranging scholarship, offering new insights into the relevance for Catholic education of thinkers whose work has been relatively neglected. The advance in understanding of how distinctiveness relates to inclusiveness is underpinned by the author's lengthy experience of teaching and leadership in Catholic schools; it is further informed by his extended and continuing dialogue with Catholic educators at all levels and in many different countries.
Catholic Education in Latin America: An Ongoing Project
by Patricia Imbarack Cristobal Madero SjThis book aims to be a reference for understanding an educational system throughout Latin America aligned with the Catholic Church. In both public and private sectors, whether it’s in the secular or the religious sector, considering Catholic Education brings up a question regarding the relevance of religion in the public sector, where education is presented as another alternative of education. This volume allows the reader to take a closer look into the recent challenges of Catholic Education in Latin America, such as quality and excellence, its anthropological dimension, as well as the ongoing dialogue between faith and culture. These essential elements are reflected upon, developing an educational process that responds to the current needs. Deep reflection is made in a contemporary and regional context throughout the eleven chapters of this book, all written by Latin American authors. Translation from the Spanish language edition: EDUCACIÓN CATÓLICA EN LATINOAMÉRICA. Un proyecto en marcha by Patricia Imbarack and Cristóbal Madero © Ediciones Universidad Católica de Chile, 2019. Original Publication ISBN 978-956-14-2459-3. All rights reserved
The Catholic Family: Marriage, Children, And Human Capital
by William SanderConsidering the effects of a Catholic heritage on families as a whole and on individuals within families, William Sander looks at the patterns of marriage and intermarriage, divorce, and fertility. He then turns to human capital issues, in-eluding the effects of a Catholic background on academic achievement, earnings, employment, and health habits. Examining the effects of Catholic schooling, Sander takes into account the select nature of the Catholic school population and shows that Catholic high schools have a large negative effect on dropout rates but a positive effect on the test scores of African Americans and Hispanics.
The Catholic Family: Marriage, Children, And Human Capital
by William SanderConsidering the effects of a Catholic heritage on families as a whole and on individuals within families, William Sander looks at the patterns of marriage and intermarriage, divorce, and fertility. He then turns to human capital issues, in-eluding the effects of a Catholic background on academic achievement, earnings, employment, and health habits. Examining the effects of Catholic schooling, Sander takes into account the select nature of the Catholic school population and shows that Catholic high schools have a large negative effect on dropout rates but a positive effect on the test scores of African Americans and Hispanics.
A Catholic in the White House?: Religion, Politics, and John F. Kennedy's Presidential Campaign
by T. CartyAccording to most political and religious scholars and pundits, JFK's victory in 1960 symbolized America's evolution from a Protestant nation to a pluralist community that included Catholics as all citizens. However, if the presidential election of 1960 was indeed a turning point for American Catholics, how do we explain the failure of any Catholic - in over forty years - to repeat Kennedy's accomplishment? In this exhaustively researched study that fuses political, cultural, social and intellectual history, Thomas Carty challenges the assumption that JFK's successful campaign for the Presidency ended decades, if not centuries, of religious and political tension between American Catholics and Protestants, paving a new role for Catholics in American presidential politics.
The Catholic Labyrinth: Power, Apathy, and a Passion for Reform in the American Church
by Peter McDonoughSexual abuse scandals, declining attendance, a meltdown in the number of priests and nuns, the closing of many parishes and parochial schools--all have shaken American Catholicism. Yet conservatives have increasingly dominated the church hierarchy. In The Catholic Labyrinth, Peter McDonough tells a tale of multiple struggles that animate various groups--the Survivors Network of those Abused by Priests, Voice of the Faithful, and the Leadership Roundtable chief among them--pushing to modernize the church. One contest pits reformers against those who back age-old standards of sexual behavior and gender roles. Another area of contention, involving efforts to maintain the church's far-flung operations in education, social services, and healthcare, raises constitutional issues about the separation of church and state. Once a sidebar to this debate, the bishops' campaign to control the terms of employment and access to contraceptives in church-sponsored ministries has fueled conflict further. McDonough draws on behind-the-scenes documentation and personal interviews with leading reformers and "loyalists" to explore how both retrenchment and resistance to clericalism have played out in American Catholicism. Despite growing support for optional celibacy among priests, the ordination of women, and similar changes, and in the midst of numerous departures from the church, immigration and a lingering reaction against the upheavals of the sixties have helped sustain a popular traditionalism among "Catholics in the pews." So have the polemics of Catholic neoconservatives. These demographic and cultural factors--as well as the silent dissent of those who simply ignore rather than oppose the church's more regressive positions--have reinforced a culture of deference that impedes reform. At the same time, selective managerial improvements show promise of advancing incremental change. Timely and incisive, The Catholic Labyrinth captures the church at a historical crossroads, as advocates for change struggle to reconcile religious mores with the challenges of modernity.
The Catholic Labyrinth: Power, Apathy, and a Passion for Reform in the American Church
by Peter McDonoughSexual abuse scandals, declining attendance, a meltdown in the number of priests and nuns, the closing of many parishes and parochial schools--all have shaken American Catholicism. Yet conservatives have increasingly dominated the church hierarchy. In The Catholic Labyrinth, Peter McDonough tells a tale of multiple struggles that animate various groups--the Survivors Network of those Abused by Priests, Voice of the Faithful, and the Leadership Roundtable chief among them--pushing to modernize the church. One contest pits reformers against those who back age-old standards of sexual behavior and gender roles. Another area of contention, involving efforts to maintain the church's far-flung operations in education, social services, and healthcare, raises constitutional issues about the separation of church and state. Once a sidebar to this debate, the bishops' campaign to control the terms of employment and access to contraceptives in church-sponsored ministries has fueled conflict further. McDonough draws on behind-the-scenes documentation and personal interviews with leading reformers and "loyalists" to explore how both retrenchment and resistance to clericalism have played out in American Catholicism. Despite growing support for optional celibacy among priests, the ordination of women, and similar changes, and in the midst of numerous departures from the church, immigration and a lingering reaction against the upheavals of the sixties have helped sustain a popular traditionalism among "Catholics in the pews." So have the polemics of Catholic neoconservatives. These demographic and cultural factors--as well as the silent dissent of those who simply ignore rather than oppose the church's more regressive positions--have reinforced a culture of deference that impedes reform. At the same time, selective managerial improvements show promise of advancing incremental change. Timely and incisive, The Catholic Labyrinth captures the church at a historical crossroads, as advocates for change struggle to reconcile religious mores with the challenges of modernity.
Catholic Missionaries and Their Work with the Poor: Mitigating Market-Government Failure in Emerging Nations (Studies in World Christianity and Interreligious Relations)
by Albino BarreraThis book explores the vital role of faith-based organizations (FBOs) in compensating for the market’s and government’s inability to provide vital services. Its key theoretical contribution is the notion that poverty is the result of a triadic failure—when markets, government, and civil society become dysfunctional at the same time. Using data on Catholic missionaries’ development work, this study presents the various ways by which FBOs mitigate market and government failures in healthcare, education, and social services, and in the process build and strengthen civil society. This study has two main objectives. First, it aims to present an overview of missionaries’ development work, evaluating the socioeconomic significance of their faith-based development work. In addition, various comparative advantages and disadvantages have been imputed to FBOs in the religion-development literature, and we assess to what extent missionaries actually exhibit these posited qualities in practice. Second, the groundwork is laid for future religion-development scholars by presenting a theoretical framework and a method for evaluating the role and contributions of FBOs in the larger community. This is an important investigation of contemporary worldwide Christianity and its relationship with development. As such, it will interest scholars of religious studies and missiology, as well as development economics, public service and the political economy.
Catholic Missionaries and Their Work with the Poor: Mitigating Market-Government Failure in Emerging Nations (Studies in World Christianity and Interreligious Relations)
by Albino BarreraThis book explores the vital role of faith-based organizations (FBOs) in compensating for the market’s and government’s inability to provide vital services. Its key theoretical contribution is the notion that poverty is the result of a triadic failure—when markets, government, and civil society become dysfunctional at the same time. Using data on Catholic missionaries’ development work, this study presents the various ways by which FBOs mitigate market and government failures in healthcare, education, and social services, and in the process build and strengthen civil society. This study has two main objectives. First, it aims to present an overview of missionaries’ development work, evaluating the socioeconomic significance of their faith-based development work. In addition, various comparative advantages and disadvantages have been imputed to FBOs in the religion-development literature, and we assess to what extent missionaries actually exhibit these posited qualities in practice. Second, the groundwork is laid for future religion-development scholars by presenting a theoretical framework and a method for evaluating the role and contributions of FBOs in the larger community. This is an important investigation of contemporary worldwide Christianity and its relationship with development. As such, it will interest scholars of religious studies and missiology, as well as development economics, public service and the political economy.
Catholic Parishes of the 21st Century
by Mark M. Gray Charles E. Zech Mary L. Gautier Jonathon L. Wiggins Thomas P. GauntA seminal moment in the study of U.S. Catholic parish life came in the 1980s with the publication of a series of reports from the ground-breaking Notre Dame Study of Catholic Parish Life. These reports are now badly outdated, as Catholic dioceses grapple with new challenges that didn't exist in the 80s. Topics that were not considered then, like greater Catholic mobility, increased cultural diversity, and structural re-organization as well as the rise of lay leadership, have attained new significance. This timely book, based on more than a decade of research, provides an in-depth portrait and analysis of the current state of parish life and leadership. Unique in the scope of the research and the timeliness of its findings, the book critically examines the current state of parish life. The authors draw on data from national polls of Catholics, national surveys of parishes, and thousands of in-pew surveys which explore parishioners' needs, experiences, and satisfaction with parish life in the twenty-first century. The book provides a unique 360-degree view of parish life from the perspective of pastors, parish staff, parishioners, as well as the larger Catholic population.
Catholic Parishes of the 21st Century
by Charles E. Zech Mary L. Gautier Mark M. Gray Jonathon L. Wiggins Thomas P. GauntA seminal moment in the study of U.S. Catholic parish life came in the 1980s with the publication of a series of reports from the ground-breaking Notre Dame Study of Catholic Parish Life. These reports are now badly outdated, as Catholic dioceses grapple with new challenges that didn't exist in the 80s. Topics that were not considered then, like greater Catholic mobility, increased cultural diversity, and structural re-organization as well as the rise of lay leadership, have attained new significance. This timely book, based on more than a decade of research, provides an in-depth portrait and analysis of the current state of parish life and leadership. Unique in the scope of the research and the timeliness of its findings, the book critically examines the current state of parish life. The authors draw on data from national polls of Catholics, national surveys of parishes, and thousands of in-pew surveys which explore parishioners' needs, experiences, and satisfaction with parish life in the twenty-first century. The book provides a unique 360-degree view of parish life from the perspective of pastors, parish staff, parishioners, as well as the larger Catholic population.
Catholic Schools: Mission, Markets, and Morality
by Gerald GraceIn this ground-breaking book, Gerald Grace addresses the dilemmas facing Catholic education in an increasingly secular and consumer-driven culture. The book combines an original theoretical framework with research drawn from interviews with sixty Catholic secondary head teachers from deprived urban areas. Issues discussed include: *Catholic meanings of academic success*tensions between market values and Catholic values*threats to the mission integrity of Catholic schools*the spiritual, moral and social justice commitments of contemporary Catholic schools This book will be equally useful to leaders of Catholic and other schools and to all those interested in values and leadership in schooling.
Catholic Schools: Mission, Markets, and Morality
by Gerald GraceIn this ground-breaking book, Gerald Grace addresses the dilemmas facing Catholic education in an increasingly secular and consumer-driven culture. The book combines an original theoretical framework with research drawn from interviews with sixty Catholic secondary head teachers from deprived urban areas. Issues discussed include: *Catholic meanings of academic success*tensions between market values and Catholic values*threats to the mission integrity of Catholic schools*the spiritual, moral and social justice commitments of contemporary Catholic schools This book will be equally useful to leaders of Catholic and other schools and to all those interested in values and leadership in schooling.
The Catholic Social Imagination: Activism and the Just Society in Mexico and the United States (Morality and Society Series)
by Joseph M. PalaciosThe reach of the Catholic Church is arguably greater than that of any other religion, extending across diverse political, ethnic, class, and cultural boundaries. But what is it about Catholicism that resonates so profoundly with followers who live under disparate conditions? What is it, for instance, that binds parishioners in America with those in Mexico? For Joseph M. Palacios, what unites Catholics is a sense of being Catholic—a social imagination that motivates them to promote justice and build a better world. In The Catholic Social Imagination, Palacios gives readers a feeling for what it means to be Catholic and put one’s faith into action. Tracing the practices of a group of parishioners in Oakland, California, and another in Guadalajara, Mexico, Palacios reveals parallels—and contrasts—in the ways these ordinary Catholics receive and act on a church doctrine that emphasizes social justice. Whether they are building a supermarket for the low-income elderly or waging protests to promote school reform, these parishioners provide important insights into the construction of the Catholic social imagination. Throughout, Palacios also offers important new cultural and sociological interpretations of Catholic doctrine on issues such as poverty, civil and human rights, political participation, and the natural law.