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Sensing, Modeling and Optimization of Cardiac Systems: A New Generation of Digital Twin for Heart Health Informatics (SpringerBriefs in Service Science)
by Hui Yang Bing YaoThis book reviews the development of physics-based modeling and sensor-based data fusion for optimizing medical decision making in connection with spatiotemporal cardiovascular disease processes. To improve cardiac care services and patients’ quality of life, it is very important to detect heart diseases early and optimize medical decision making. This book introduces recent research advances in machine learning, physics-based modeling, and simulation optimization to fully exploit medical data and promote the data-driven and simulation-guided diagnosis and treatment of heart disease. Specifically, it focuses on three major topics: computer modeling of cardiovascular systems, physiological signal processing for disease diagnostics and prognostics, and simulation optimization in medical decision making. It provides a comprehensive overview of recent advances in personalized cardiac modeling by integrating physics-based knowledge of the cardiovascular system with machine learning and multi-source medical data. It also discusses the state-of-the-art in electrocardiogram (ECG) signal processing for the identification of disease-altered cardiac dynamics. Lastly, it introduces readers to the early steps of optimal decision making based on the integration of sensor-based learning and simulation optimization in the context of cardiac surgeries. This book will be of interest to researchers and scholars in the fields of biomedical engineering, systems engineering and operations research, as well as professionals working in the medical sciences.
Economic Evaluation of Transport Projects
by Javier Campos Ginés de Rus M. Pilar Socorro Jorge ValidoThis book is a guide to the economic evaluation of transport policies and investment projects through cost-benefit analysis (CBA). It covers the CBA of transportation projects and policies, and introduces the fundamental concepts of CBA before considering their application in real-world settings.A distinct focus of the book is on the practical applications of CBA. It includes real-world examples of CBA, such as high-speed rail investment and the subsidization of air transport, which illustrate the importance of using a rigorous analytical framework to evaluate transport projects and policies.The primary objective of this book is to present a basic model for the evaluation of transport projects and policies, with explicit assumptions and practical evaluation rules derived from it. The rules and measurement criteria derived from this model are applied to the examples mentioned above.Overall, this book is an excellent resource for students, practitioners, and policymakers involved in transport economics and evaluation, as it provides a comprehensive understanding of the principles and applications of CBA in the transport sector.
Energy Harvesting Trends for Low Power Compact Electronic Devices (EAI/Springer Innovations in Communication and Computing)
by Anveshkumar Nella Anirban Bhowmick Chandan Kumar Maheswar RajagopalThis book focuses on the numerous energy harvesting techniques and their system implementation towards the fulfilment of energy requirements in compact electronic devices. These cover a wide range of applications in portable devices, bio-medical services, agriculture needs, mechanical systems, sensor networks, automobiles, food sector, home appliances, industry needs, etc. The authors detail energy harvesting methods using the latest technologies in acoustics, bio-chemical, thermal, artificial light, fluid flow, vibrations, EM energy, RF energy, piezoelectric, electrostatic, photovoltaic, thermoelectric, hybrid harvesting, ultrasonic, infrared, light, wind, and solar. The book is intended for researchers, academics, professionals, and students in energy harvesting.
HCI in Business, Government and Organizations: 10th International Conference, HCIBGO 2023, Held as Part of the 25th HCI International Conference, HCII 2023, Copenhagen, Denmark, July 23–28, 2023, Proceedings, Part I (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #14038)
by Fiona Nah Keng SiauThis two-volume set of HCIBGO 2023, constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 10h International Conference on HCI in Business, Government and Organizations, held as Part of the 24th International Conference, HCI International 2023, which took place in July 2023 in Copenhagen, Denmark.The total of 1578 papers and 396 posters included in the HCII 2023 proceedings volumes was carefully reviewed and selected from 7472 submissions. The HCIBGO 2023 proceedings focuses in topics such as artificial intelligence and machine learning, blockchain, service design, live streaming in electronic commerce, visualization, and workplace design.
HCI in Games: 5th International Conference, HCI-Games 2023, Held as Part of the 25th HCI International Conference, HCII 2023, Copenhagen, Denmark, July 23–28, 2023, Proceedings, Part II (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #14047)
by Xiaowen FangThis two-volume set of HCI-Games 2023, constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 5th International Conference on HCI in Games, held as Part of the 24th International Conference, HCI International 2023, which took place in July 2023 in Copenhagen, Denmark.The total of 1578 papers and 396 posters included in the HCII 2023 proceedings volumes was carefully reviewed and selected from 7472 submissions. The HCI in Games 2023 proceedings intends to help, promote and encourage research in this field by providing a forum for interaction and exchanges among researchers, academics, and practitioners in the fields of HCI and games. The Conference addresses HCI principles, methods and tools for better games.
Smart Technologies for Sustainable and Resilient Ecosystems: 3rd EAI International Conference, Edge-IoT 2022, and 4th EAI International Conference, SmartGov 2022, Virtual Events, November 16-18, 2022, Proceedings (Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering #510)
by Sérgio Ivan Lopes Paula Fraga-Lamas Tiago M. Fernándes-Camáres Babu R. Dawadi Danda B. Rawat Subarna ShakyaThis book constitutes the jointly proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Intelligent Edge Processing in the IoT Era, Edge-IoT 2022, and the 4th International Conference on Smart Governance for Sustainable Smart Cities, SmartGov 2022. Both conferences were held online due to COVID-19 pandemic in November 2022, held as virtual events, in November 16-18, 2022.The 12 full papers were selected from 31 submissions. SmartGov 2022 was to promote the development of secure and sustainable smart cities with smart governance, while the theme of Edge-IoT 2022 was to address the decentralization of contemporary processing paradigms, notably Edge processing, focusing on the increasing demand for intelligent processing at the edge of the network, which is paving the way to the Intelligent IoT Era”. Both the EAI SmartGov 2022 and EAI Edge-IoT 2022 conferences were co-located with EAI SmartCity360 international convention.The papers are organized in the following topical sections: Edge-IoT Applications; IoT Architectures, Forecasting and Adversarial Training; Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning for smart governance; and Smart Transportation.
6GN for Future Wireless Networks: 5th EAI International Conference, 6GN 2022, Harbin, China, December 17-18, 2022, Proceedings, Part I (Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering #504)
by Ao Li Yao Shi Liang XiThis 2-volume set constitutes the proceedings of the 5th International Conference on 6G for Future Wireless Networks, 6GN 2022, held in Harbin, China, in December 2022. The 60 full papers were selected from 194 submissions and present the state of the art and practical applications of 6G technologies. The papers are arranged thematically in tracks as follows: Resource Allocation for 6G Networks; Security and Privacy for 6G Networks; Big data mining and pattern analysis techniques for 6G Networks; Artificial intelligent techniques for 6G Networks; Mobile Edge Computing for 6G Networks; Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Communication for 6G Networks.
6GN for Future Wireless Networks: 5th EAI International Conference, 6GN 2022, Harbin, China, December 17-18, 2022, Proceedings, Part II (Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering #505)
by Ao Li Yao Shi Liang XiThis 2-volume set constitutes the proceedings of the 5th International Conference on 6G for Future Wireless Networks, 6GN 2022, held in Harbin, China, in December 2022.The 60 full papers were selected from 194 submissions and present the state of the art and practical applications of 6G technologies. The papers are arranged thematically in tracks as follows: Resource Allocation for 6G Networks; Security and Privacy for 6G Networks; Big data mining and pattern analysis techniques for 6G Networks; Artificial intelligent techniques for 6G Networks; Mobile Edge Computing for 6G Networks; Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Communication for 6G Networks.
HCI in Business, Government and Organizations: 10th International Conference, HCIBGO 2023, Held as Part of the 25th HCI International Conference, HCII 2023, Copenhagen, Denmark, July 23–28, 2023, Proceedings, Part II (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #14039)
by Fiona Nah Keng SiauThis two-volume set of HCIBGO 2023, constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 10h International Conference on HCI in Business, Government and Organizations, held as Part of the 24th International Conference, HCI International 2023, which took place in July 2023 in Copenhagen, Denmark.The total of 1578 papers and 396 posters included in the HCII 2023 proceedings volumes was carefully reviewed and selected from 7472 submissions. The HCIBGO 2023 proceedings focuses in topics such as artificial intelligence and machine learning, blockchain, service design, live streaming in electronic commerce, visualization, and workplace design.
Introduction to the Theory of Smart Electromechanical Systems (Studies in Systems, Decision and Control #486)
by Andrey E. Gorodetskiy Irina L. TarasovaThis book aims to familiarize with the basics of the SEMS theory, including logical-probabilistic and logical-linguistic methods for their design and modeling, taking into account the incomplete certainty of the operating environment and the mental characteristics of the members of the human–machine systems collective. Smart electromechanical systems (SEMS) are used in cyber-physical systems (CPS). The main tasks in the field of theory and practice of CPS are to ensure the efficiency, reliability and safety of operation in real time.SEMS have been widely used since 2000 in parallel robots or so-called parallel kinematic machines. They offer good opportunities in terms of precision, rigidity and the ability to handle heavy loads. SEMS are used in unmanned vehicles, astronomy, machine tools, medicine and other fields.Currently, much attention is paid to the methods of designing and modeling SEMS based on the principles of adaptability, intelligence, biomorphism of parallel kinematics and parallelism in information processing and control calculations. The book consists of four parts:- Mechanisms and control systems;- The central nervous system;- Group control;- Examples of using SEMS modules.The book is recommended for specialists in the field of control, as well as a textbook for masters of universities specializing in the field of smart electromechanical systems and robotics and includes many scientific fields such as kinematics, dynamics and control theory.
Structural Stability and Its Computational Modelling (Computational Methods in Engineering & the Sciences)
by Anders Eriksson Arne NordmarkThe volume showcases how basic formulation and solution methods can be used for an improved understanding of stability-affected structures. It also highlights the numerical treatment of the resulting equations, demonstrating and quantifying many aspects of structural stability not available to engineers by the traditional methods. The elaborated theoretical background is also used to show how methods included in commercial software can give misleading conclusions. The book will be of interest to researchers and professionals working in computational modelling of structures. The book includes exercises and projects, appended to each chapter, which further extends its usability as a text book in classroom teaching and for professional courses.
Territorial Fragilities in Cyprus: Planning and Preservation Strategies (Research for Development)
by Alice Buoli Oana Cristina ŢiganeaIn this book, the authors present a combination of research-by-design, place-based, and policy-oriented approaches to the territorial fragilities of Nicosia. Nicosia, in Cyprus, is a city divided. Since 1974, a 180 km long Buffer Zone has separated the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC) and the Republic of Cyprus (RoC). This "open wound" cuts through the city's historical center, crossing the Venetian walls, a key cultural heritage asset, and impacting the city's spatial and cultural identity. Outcomes of an inter-doctoral research initiative, this edited book documents the local realities of the divided city and tests scenarios and spatial patterns of intervention to cope with the partition through the enhancement of local cultural heritage.The book targets an academic audience, architects, urban planners, heritage preservation professionals and policymakers, providing a transferable research method relevant to those approaching a complex, fragile, and contested "border territory".
Magnetic Nanomaterials: Synthesis, Characterization and Applications (Engineering Materials)
by Uyiosa Osagie Aigbe Kingsley Eghonghon Ukhurebor Robert Birundu OnyanchaThis book explores some of the latest and recent advances in the synthesis, characterization and applications of magnetic nanomaterials. It starts with an overview of magnetic nanomaterials, followed by a list of their synthesis and characterization methods. The book shows the potential of magnetic materials in different applications, including theranostic nanomedicine, heavy metals detection, dyes sensing, solar cells, wastewater treatment, decontamination of soil, and detection and monitoring of toxic gases. Moreover, it explores their use as drug and gene delivery agents, their biosafety and bioregulation facets, tissue engineering applications, and their potential for combating pathogens
Digital Sovereignty in Cyber Security: First International Workshop, CyberSec4Europe 2022, Venice, Italy, April 17–21, 2022, Revised Selected Papers (Communications in Computer and Information Science #1807)
by Antonio Skarmeta Daniele Canavese Antonio Lioy Sara MatheuThis book constitutes papers presented during the workshop session titled “CyberSec4Europe - Research to Innovation: Common Research Framework on Security and Privacy” during the Privacy Symposium hosted by Università Ca’ Foscari in Venice, Italy, in April 2022. The 11 peer-reviewed selected papers present findings, conclusions, research, and recommendations in various security-related areas, from highly technical ones (e.g., software and network security) to law and human-centric ones (e.g., governance and cybersecurity awareness).
Advances in Artificial Systems for Logistics Engineering III (Lecture Notes on Data Engineering and Communications Technologies #180)
by Zhengbing Hu Qingying Zhang Matthew HeThis book comprises high-quality refereed research papers presented at the 3rd International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Logistics Engineering (ICAILE2023), held in Wuhan, China, on March 11–12, 2023, organized jointly by Wuhan University of Technology, Nanning University, the National Technical University of Ukraine "Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute", Huazhong University of Science and Technology, the Polish Operational and Systems Society, Wuhan Technology and Business University, and the International Research Association of Modern Education and Computer Science. The topics discussed in the book include state-of-the-art papers in artificial intelligence and logistics engineering. It is an excellent source of references for researchers, graduate students, engineers, management practitioners, and undergraduate students interested in artificial intelligence and its applications in logistics engineering.
Advances in Computer Science for Engineering and Education VI (Lecture Notes on Data Engineering and Communications Technologies #181)
by Zhengbing Hu Ivan Dychka Matthew HeThis book contains high-quality refereed research papers presented at the 6th International Conference on Computer Science, Engineering, and Education Applications (ICCSEEA2023), which took place in Warsaw, Poland, on March 17–19, 2023, and was organized by the National Technical University of Ukraine "Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute”, the National Aviation University, Lviv Polytechnic National University, the Polish Operational and Systems Society, Warsaw University of Technology, and the International Research Association of Modern Education and Computer Science. The book covers a variety of topics, including cutting-edge research in computer science, artificial intelligence, engineering techniques, smart logistics, and knowledge representation with educational applications. The book is an invaluable resource for academics, graduate students, engineers, management professionals, and undergraduate students who are interested in computer science and its applications in engineering and education.
Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Production Research – Americas: ICPR Americas 2022
by Fernando Deschamps Edson Pinheiro de Lima Sérgio E. Gouvêa da Costa Marcelo G. TrentinThis book presents the proceedings of the conference and provides valuable insights into the issues facing Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs), particularly in the areas of sustainable operations and digitalization. It comprises a series of papers presented at the conference, covering topics such as: challenges faced by SMEs in a post-pandemic era; digitalization and its impact on SMEs; sustainable operations in SMEs; international market performance improvement in SMEs; SMEs infrastructure and integration with research, development, and innovation institutions; and SMEs participation in business networks. The papers offer a unique perspective on the challenges and opportunities facing SMEs and provides practical solutions for those looking to help their organizations thrive in a rapidly changing business environment.
Water Policy in Pakistan: Issues and Options (Global Issues in Water Policy #30)
by Mahmood AhmadThe water policy issues are well- documented in a large set of reports and studies, completed over time showing that the policy prescription and its implementation has been weak in the past as this book reveals. The key reforms initiated were lost due to a lack of government’s will and commitment and more so by pervasive political economy of water. Given this background, each chapter in the book follows a balanced approach in seeking and evaluating alternate solutions to water management issues, especially improvements in water governance and tackling new challenges emerging from the climate change in the short and long term. This approach underpins the importance of moving from the culture of piloting projects to actual implementation on an impact-oriented scale. The book would also highlight that most of the water solutions lie outside the water sector such as agriculture, population, economy, etc. Post COVID-19 policies are exploring new food-health nexus that calls for nature based solutions for our future agriculture growth. The book would show case pioneer work underway in Pakistan on how new policy discourse can reduce water use in agriculture without investing in expensive water technology and infrastructure, thus saving enough water for other competing purposes.
Biomaterials and Biopolymers (AAPS Introductions in the Pharmaceutical Sciences #7)
by Avi Domb Boaz Mizrahi Shady FarahThis book is written to serve as textbook on biomaterials and biopolymers for faculty and students and thus contains a broad introduction and basic terms, followed by major developments over the years with some emphasis on recent developments and future prospects. It provide a comprehensive overview in biomaterials and biopolymers. All relevant aspects of modern biomaterials, including: synthesis and characterization, biocompatibility and host response, the implementation of novel manufacturing processes, and advanced medical and biotechnological applications. Each chapter provides an overview of a specific field, its importance, the chemistry of biomaterials and the relations between chemical structure and the applications. Each chapter ends with a future prospective/concepts and a friendly quiz/multiple answer questions with answers that serves as a resource to provide guided additional practice.
Calm, Smooth and Smart: Novel Approaches for Influencing Vibrations by Means of Deliberately Introduced Dissipation (Lecture Notes in Applied and Computational Mechanics #102)
by Peter EberhardThis book contains and summarizes research carried out within the DFG Priority Programme 1897: "Calm, Smooth and Smart - Novel Approaches for Influencing Vibrations by Means of Deliberately Introduced Dissipation". The contributions help reduce unwanted vibrations by developing novel approaches for influencing them and lead to a “calm, smooth and smart” behaviour of technical units. “Calm” represents the demand to avoid or at least to severely reduce unwanted noise generated by technical installations. “Smooth” ensures a still comfortable and jerk-free operation of them. Finally, “smart” means that the introduced damping devices not only help to achieve the desired vibrational behaviour of the overall technical systems, but also that they take over additional functional tasks. The results presented in this volume summarize the state-of-the-art and provide motivation for future research. The book is intended for experienced researchers as well as for doctoral and post-doctoral students in engineering, mathematics and physics, as well as industrial researchers interested in the field.
Beyond Digital Representation: Advanced Experiences in AR and AI for Cultural Heritage and Innovative Design (Digital Innovations in Architecture, Engineering and Construction)
by Andrea Giordano Michele Russo Roberta SpalloneThis book collects contributions which showcase the impact of new augmented reality (AR) and artificial intelligence (AI) technologies considered jointly in the fields of cultural heritage and innovative design. AR is an alternative path of analysis and communication if applied to several fields of research, in particular if related to space and artifacts in it. This happens because the neural network development strengthens the relationship between augmented reality and artificial intelligence, creating processes close to human thought in shorter times. In the last years, the AR/AI expansion and the future scenarios have raised a deep trans-disciplinary speculation. The disciplines of representation (drawing, surveying, visual communication), as a convergence place of multidisciplinary theoretical and applicative studies related to architecture, city, environment, tangible and intangible cultural heritage, are called to contribute to the international debate. The book chapters deal with augmented reality and artificial intelligence, analyzing their connections as research tools for knowing the environment. In particular, the topics focus on the intersection between real and virtual world and on the heuristic role of drawing in the enhancement and management of cultural heritage, in planning and monitoring the architecture, the environment, or the infrastructures. Scientists involved in AR and AI research applied separately or together in the field of cultural heritage, architectural design, urban planning, and infrastructures analysis, as well as members of public and private organizations make up interdisciplinary groups that fuel the discussion focusing on the priorities and aims of the research related to the disciplines of representation.
Integrated Computer Technologies in Mechanical Engineering - 2022: Synergetic Engineering (Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems #657)
by Mykola Nechyporuk Vladimir Pavlikov Dmitriy KritskiyThe International Scientific and Technical Conference “Integrated Computer Technologies in Mechanical Engineering”—Synergetic Engineering (ICTM) was established by National Aerospace University “Kharkiv Aviation Institute.” The Conference ICTM’2022 was held in Kharkiv, Ukraine, during November 18–20, 2022. During this conference, technical exchanges between the research community were carried out in the forms of keynote speeches, panel discussions, as well as special session. In addition, participants were treated to a series of receptions, which forge collaborations among fellow researchers. ICTM’2022 received 137 papers submissions from different countries. All of these offer us plenty of valuable information and would be of great benefit to experience exchange among scientists in modeling and simulation. The organizers of ICTM’2022 made great efforts to ensure the success of this conference. We hereby would like to thank all the members of ICTM’2022 Advisory Committee for their guidance and advice, the members of program committee and organizing committee, and the referees for their effort in reviewing and soliciting the papers, and all authors for their contribution to the formation of a common intellectual environment for solving relevant scientific problems. Also, we grateful to Springer—Janusz Kacprzyk and Thomas Ditzinger as the editor responsible for the series “Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems” for their great support in publishing these selected papers.
Road and Off-Road Vehicle Dynamics
by Moustafa El-Gindy Zeinab El-SayeghThis book introduces and provides a detailed understanding of on- and off-road vehicle dynamics. It discusses classical on-road tyre mechanics, including finite element tyre modelling and validation, using a combination of theoretical and experimental data sets. Chapters explore new computational techniques that describe terrain models and combined to develop better off-road vehicle models, and focus is placed on terrain characterization and modelling, using two popular modelling techniques, as well as performance characteristics of off-road vehicles - including rolling and driven combinations, traction, and steering. The effect of multi-pass and soil compaction on tyre performance is described as well. The book presents a unique neuro-tyre model for both on-road and off-road situations, capable of computing the steering, braking characteristics, and soil compaction. Road vehicle characteristics are described, including the stability and control, roll centre and roll axis, and rollover mechanics. The road vehicle braking performance is also described, including the brake components, choice of brake, and the transient load transfer. Finally, the dynamics and control of multi-wheel combat vehicles are presented and described extensively. The book is dedicated to undergraduate and graduate engineering students, in addition to researchers, and the automotive industry. As well as provide the readers with a better understanding of vehicle dynamics and soil mechanics. The book is also beneficial for automotive industries looking for a quick and reliable model to be implemented in their main software.
Search for Higgs Boson Decays to Charm Quarks with the ATLAS Experiment and Development of Novel Silicon Pixel Detectors (Springer Theses)
by Maria MironovaThis book explores the Higgs boson and its interactions with fermions, as well as the detector technologies used to measure it. The Standard Model of Particle Physics has been a groundbreaking theory in our understanding of the fundamental properties of the universe, but it is incomplete, and there are significant hints which require new physics. The discovery of the Higgs boson in 2012 was a substantial confirmation of the Standard Model, but many of its decay modes remain elusive. This book presents the latest search for Higgs boson decays into c-quarks using a proton-proton collision dataset collected by the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). This decay mode has yet to be observed and requires advanced machine learning algorithms to identify c-quarks in the experiment. The results provide an upper limit on the rate of Higgs boson decays to c-quarks and a direct measurement of the Higgs boson coupling strength to c-quarks. The book also discusses the future of particle physics and the need for significant improvements to the detector to cope with increased radiation damage and higher data rates at the High-Luminosity LHC. It presents the characterization of the ATLAS pixel detector readout chip for the inner detector upgrade (ITk). The chip was subjected to irradiations using X-rays and protons to simulate the radiation environment at the HL-LHC. The tests showed that all readout chip components, including the digital logic and analogue front-end, are sufficiently radiation-tolerant to withstand the expected radiation dose. Finally, this book describes monolithic pixel detectors as a possible technology for future pixel detectors. This book is ideal for individuals interested in exploring particle physics, the Higgs boson, and the development of silicon pixel detectors.
Photobiomodulation for the Brain: Photobiomodulation Therapy in Neurology and Neuropsychiatry (Synthesis Lectures on Biomedical Engineering)
by Farzad Salehpour Saeed Sadigh-Eteghad Javad Mahmoudi Farzin Kamari Paolo Cassano Michael Richard HamblinPhotobiomodulation for the Brain: Photobiomodulation Therapy in Neurology and Neuropsychiatry collects scientific evidence covering a broad range of topics, including the optimum dosimetry, treatment regimens, irradiation sites, irradiance and fluence, treatment times, and possible side effects of this neuromodulation therapy. Over the past two decades, brain photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy has been introduced as an innovative modality for stimulating neural activity to improve brain function and is predicted to become a promising strategy for neurorehabilitation in the coming years. This book introduces PBM therapy to the worldwide medical community, providing worthwhile scientific insights and promoting the acceptance of this field among neurologists, psychiatrists, neurorehabilitation practitioners, and physiotherapists, as well as neuroscience clinicians and researchers. From a physics point of view, scientists in the photonics, medical physics, and light-dosimetry fields will also benefit from the book.