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Die Eigentumsfrage im 21. Jahrhundert: Ein rechtsphilosophischer Traktat über die Zukunft der Menschheit (X-Texte zu Kultur und Gesellschaft)

Die Ökologie warnt vor der Erderwärmung, die Soziologie vor sozialer Ungleichheit: beides bedroht das Überleben der kommenden Generationen. Alexander von Pechmann behandelt aus rechtsphilosophischer Perspektive die Frage, welche künftigen Formen des Eigentums diesen globalen Herausforderungen gewachsen sind. Er kommt zu dem Ergebnis, dass weder das kapitalistische Privateigentumsrecht noch das nationale Souveränitätsprinzip in der Lage sind, die globalen Zukunftsprobleme zu lösen. Dies vermag, so die These, nur die Menschheit als Gesamteigentümer in der Rechtsgestalt »Vereinter Nationen«.

Can Mathematics Be Proved Consistent?: Gödel's Shorthand Notes & Lectures on Incompleteness (Sources and Studies in the History of Mathematics and Physical Sciences)

Kurt Gödel (1906–1978) shook the mathematical world in 1931 by a result that has become an icon of 20th century science: The search for rigour in proving mathematical theorems had led to the formalization of mathematical proofs, to the extent that such proving could be reduced to the application of a few mechanical rules. Gödel showed that whenever the part of mathematics under formalization contains elementary arithmetic, there will be arithmetical statements that should be formally provable but aren’t. The result is known as Gödel’s first incompleteness theorem, so called because there is a second incompleteness result, embodied in his answer to the question "Can mathematics be proved consistent?"This book offers the first examination of Gödel’s preserved notebooks from 1930, written in a long-forgotten German shorthand, that show his way to the results: his first ideas, how they evolved, and how the jewel-like final presentation in his famous publication On formally undecidable propositions was composed.The book also contains the original version of Gödel’s incompleteness article, as handed in for publication with no mentioning of the second incompleteness theorem, as well as six contemporary lectures and seminars Gödel gave between 1931 and 1934 in Austria, Germany, and the United States. The lectures are masterpieces of accessible presentations of deep scientific results, readable even for those without special mathematical training, and published here for the first time.

Chapters from Gödel’s Unfinished Book on Foundational Research in Mathematics (Vienna Circle Institute Library #6)

This volume contains English translations of Gödel's chapters on logicism and the antinomies and on the calculi of pure logic, as well as outlines for a chapter on metamathematics. It also comprises most of his reading notes. This book is a testimony to Gödel's understanding of the situation of foundational research in mathematics after his great discovery, the incompleteness theorem of 1931. It is also a source for his views on his logical predecessors, from Leibniz, Frege, and Russell to his own times. Gödel's "own book on foundations," as he called it, is essential reading for logicians and philosophers interested in foundations. Furthermore, it opens a new chapter to the life and achievement of one of the icons of 20th century science and philosophy.

Portrait of Young Gödel: Education, First Steps in Logic, the Problem of Completeness (Vienna Circle Institute Library #9)

In the summer of 1928, Kurt Gödel (1906–1978) embarked on his logical journey that would bring him world fame in a mere three years. By early 1929, he had solved an outstanding problem in logic, namely the question of the completeness of the axioms and rules of quantificational logic. He then went on to extend the result to the axiom system of arithmetic but found, instead of completeness, his famous incompleteness theorem that got published in 1931. It belongs to the most iconic achievements of 20th century science and has been instrumental in the development of theories of formal languages and algorithmic computability – two essential components in the birth of the information society.This book explores Gödel’s way from an exceptional high-school student to a firmly established young logician. Essays in Gödel’s hand from the high school show that his central philosophical and scientific convictions were formed early on, before his university studies. Particular emphasis is laid on the course that made Gödel one of the foremost logicians of all times. The scientific biography of young Gödel is followed by English translations from Gödel’s German Gabelsberger shorthand of all his early preserved notebooks on logic and related topics.

Beyond Existentialism (Routledge Library Editions: Existentialism #1)

This book, first published in 1961, is a careful analysis of this modern movement of thought, and especially of its leading German representative Martin Heidegger. This study presents a sound reading and criticism of the existentialist thinkers.

Beyond Existentialism (Routledge Library Editions: Existentialism #1)

This book, first published in 1961, is a careful analysis of this modern movement of thought, and especially of its leading German representative Martin Heidegger. This study presents a sound reading and criticism of the existentialist thinkers.

Freedom — Determinism Indeterminism

Freedom - Determinism Interminism

The idea and the feeling of freedom play such a part in the life of man that he is ready to sacrifice in their name his own life and still more frequently that of his fellow-men. Man feels that he is really man only when he is able to realize himself indivi­ dually, socially and cosmically in a complete freedom, i. e. according to the inner bio-psychical depths of his own being without any constraint from the outer - social or cosmic - world. However, although people like very much, and often too much, to speak about freedom, its content and limits are so vague for most of them that everybody determines the content and limits of freedom according to his own tastes, dispositions and interests. Perhaps just because of this vagueness of the idea of freedom, this idea has such a great influence on man, giving a free play to his imagination. Therefore, it would be good to clarify the idea of freedom by analysing its different aspects in their connection with the general problem of determinism and indeterminism.

The Color of Citizenship: Race, Modernity and Latin American / Hispanic Political Thought

The role of race in politics, citizenship, and the state is one of the most perplexing puzzles of modernity. While political thought has been slow to take up this puzzle, Diego von Vacano suggests that the tradition of Latin American and Hispanic political thought, which has long considered the place of mixed-race peoples throughout the Americas, is uniquely well-positioned to provide useful ways of thinking about the connections between race and citizenship. As he argues, debates in the United States about multiracial identity, the possibility of a post-racial world in the aftermath of Barack Obama, and demographic changes owed to the age of mass migration will inevitably have to confront the intellectual tradition related to racial admixture that comes to us from Latin America. Von Vacano compares the way that race is conceived across the writings of four thinkers, and across four different eras: the Spanish friar Bartolomé de Las Casas writing in the context of empire; Simón Bolivar writing during the early republican period; Venezuelan sociologist Laureano Vallenilla Lanz on the role of race in nationalism; and Mexican philosopher José Vasconcelos writing on the aesthetic approach to racial identity during the cosmopolitan, post-national period. From this comparative and historical survey, von Vacano develops a concept of race as synthetic, fluid and dynamic -- a concept that will have methodological, historical, and normative value for understanding race in other diverse societies.

Logical Studies (International Library of Philosophy)

First published in 2000. In this volume are eight essays; with the first three essays deal with the problem of logical truth. Their aim is to elucidate what is meant by saying that logical truth is formal-dependent of form and independent of content-or that logical truth is tautologous. The next is on study of distributive normal forms that awakened my interest in modality. The next three essays are in the field of modal logic. Related to modal logic are the problems of the conditional (the if-then) and of entailment (logical consequence) on which the final essay is based.

Logical Studies (International Library of Philosophy)

First published in 2000. In this volume are eight essays; with the first three essays deal with the problem of logical truth. Their aim is to elucidate what is meant by saying that logical truth is formal-dependent of form and independent of content-or that logical truth is tautologous. The next is on study of distributive normal forms that awakened my interest in modality. The next three essays are in the field of modal logic. Related to modal logic are the problems of the conditional (the if-then) and of entailment (logical consequence) on which the final essay is based.

A Treatise on Induction and Probability (International Library of Philosophy)

First published in 2000. This present book is primarily a treatise on induction. As such its aim is to examine, in the light of standards of logical correctness, various types of argument which can be grouped under the common heading of induction.

A Treatise on Induction and Probability (International Library of Philosophy)

First published in 2000. This present book is primarily a treatise on induction. As such its aim is to examine, in the light of standards of logical correctness, various types of argument which can be grouped under the common heading of induction.

In the Shadow of Descartes: Essays in the Philosophy of Mind (Synthese Library #272)

Descartes made a sharp distinction between matter and mind. But he also thought that the two interact with one another. Is such interaction possible, however, without either a materialist reduction of mind to matter or an idealist (phenomenalist) reduction of matter to mind? These questions overshadow the Western tradition in metaphysics from the time of Descartes to present times. The book makes an effort to stay clear of reductivist views of the two Cartesian substances. It defends a dualistic psycho-physical parallel theory which reconciles freedom of action with determinism in nature. Basic problems in perception theory are also discussed, with special emphasis on hearing and sound. Because of the intrinsic interest of the subject and the author's non-technical presentation of it, the book should appeal to all readers with a serious interest in philosophy and psychology.

Ethik und Recht - Die Ethisierung des Rechts/Ethics and Law - The Ethicalization of Law (Beiträge zum ausländischen öffentlichen Recht und Völkerrecht #240)

Ziel des Buches ist es, das neue Phänomen der "Ethisierung des Rechts" interdisziplinär zu erfassen und damit das grundsätzliche Verhältnis von Ethik und Recht neu zu bestimmen. Dies geschieht zum einen durch die Untersuchung des theoretischen Fundaments der Beziehung von Recht und Ethik im 21. Jahrhundert. Zum anderen wird an unterschiedlichen Rechts- und Lebensbereichen aufgezeigt, wie ethische Normen das nationale, europäische und internationale Recht durchdringen und ergänzen und wie die dabei auftretenden Probleme gelöst werden können.

Human Dignity and Human Cloning

The Silent Guns of Two Octobers: Kennedy and Khrushchev Play the Double Game

The Silent Guns of Two Octobers uses new as well as previously under-appreciated documentary evidence to link the Cuban Missile Crisis to the Checkpoint Charlie tank standoff to achieve the impossible—craft a new, thoughtful, original analysis of a political showdown everyone thought they knew everything about. Ultimately the book concludes that much of the Cold War rhetoric the leaders employed was mere posturing; in reality neither had any intention of starting a nuclear war. Theodore Voorhees reexamines Khrushchev’s and Kennedy’s leadership, decision, and rhetoric in light of the new documentary evidence available. Voorhees examines the impact of John F. Kennedy's domestic political concerns about his upcoming first midterm elections on his handling of the Cuban Missile Crisis through his use of back-channel dealings with Khrushchev during the lead-up to the crisis and in the closing days when the two leaders managed to reach a settlement.

The Silent Guns of Two Octobers: Kennedy and Khrushchev Play the Double Game

The Silent Guns of Two Octobers uses new as well as previously under-appreciated documentary evidence to link the Cuban Missile Crisis to the Checkpoint Charlie tank standoff to achieve the impossible—craft a new, thoughtful, original analysis of a political showdown everyone thought they knew everything about. Ultimately the book concludes that much of the Cold War rhetoric the leaders employed was mere posturing; in reality neither had any intention of starting a nuclear war. Theodore Voorhees reexamines Khrushchev’s and Kennedy’s leadership, decision, and rhetoric in light of the new documentary evidence available. Voorhees examines the impact of John F. Kennedy's domestic political concerns about his upcoming first midterm elections on his handling of the Cuban Missile Crisis through his use of back-channel dealings with Khrushchev during the lead-up to the crisis and in the closing days when the two leaders managed to reach a settlement.

Conversations on Ethics

Can we trust our intuitive judgments of right and wrong? Are moral judgements objective? What reason do we have to do what is right and avoid doing what is wrong? In Conversations on Ethics, Alex Voorhoeve elicits answers to these questions from eleven outstanding philosophers and social scientists: Ken Binmore Philippa Foot Harry Frankfurt Allan Gibbard Daniel Kahneman Frances Kamm Alasdair MacIntyre T. M. Scanlon Peter Singer David Velleman Bernard Williams The exchanges are direct, open, and sharp, and give a clear account of these thinkers' core ideas about ethics. They also provide unique insights into their intellectual development - how they became interested in ethics, and how they conceived the ideas for which they became famous. Conversations on Ethics will engage anyone interested in moral philosophy.

Top-Down Causation and Emergence (Synthese Library #439)

This book presents the latest research, conducted by leading philosophers and scientists from various fields, on the topic of top-down causation. The chapters combine to form a unique, interdisciplinary perspective, drawing upon George Ellis's extensive research and novel perspectives on topics including downwards causation, weak and strong emergence, mental causation, biological relativity, effective field theory and levels in nature. The collection also serves as a Festschrift in honour of George Ellis' 80th birthday. The extensive and interdisciplinary scope of this book makes it vital reading for anyone interested in the work of George Ellis and current research on the topics of causation and emergence.

Reconstructing Pragmatism: Richard Rorty and the Classical Pragmatists

The figure of Richard Rorty stands in complex relation to the tradition of American pragmatism. On the one hand, his intellectual creativity, lively prose, and bridge-building fueled the contemporary resurgence of pragmatism. On the other, his polemical claims and selective interpretations function as a negative, fixed pole against which thinkers of all stripes define themselves. Virtually all pragmatists on the contemporary scene, whether classical or "new," Deweyan, Jamesian, or Peircean, use Rorty as a foil to justify their positions. The resulting internecine quarrels and divisions threaten to fragment and thwart the tradition's creative potential. More caricatured than understood, the specter of Rorty continues to block the road of inquiry and future development of pragmatism. Reconstructing Pragmatism moves beyond the Rortyan impasse by providing what has been missing for decades: a constructive, non-polemical account of Rorty's relation to classical pragmatism. The first book-length treatment of Rorty's intellectual debt to the early pragmatists, the volume establishes his selective appropriations not as misunderstandings or distortions but a sustained, intentional effort to reconstruct their thinking. Featuring chapters devoted to five key pragmatist thinkers--Charles Sanders Peirce, William James, John Dewey, Josiah Royce, and Jane Addams--the book draws on archival sources and the full scope of Rorty's writings to challenge prevailing misconceptions and caricatures. By elaborating Rorty's still largely untapped reconstructive resources, the book reveals limitations in predominant views of the classical pragmatists in current debates and opens up new modes of understanding pragmatism and why it matters today.

Reconstructing Pragmatism: Richard Rorty and the Classical Pragmatists

The figure of Richard Rorty stands in complex relation to the tradition of American pragmatism. On the one hand, his intellectual creativity, lively prose, and bridge-building fueled the contemporary resurgence of pragmatism. On the other, his polemical claims and selective interpretations function as a negative, fixed pole against which thinkers of all stripes define themselves. Virtually all pragmatists on the contemporary scene, whether classical or "new," Deweyan, Jamesian, or Peircean, use Rorty as a foil to justify their positions. The resulting internecine quarrels and divisions threaten to fragment and thwart the tradition's creative potential. More caricatured than understood, the specter of Rorty continues to block the road of inquiry and future development of pragmatism. Reconstructing Pragmatism moves beyond the Rortyan impasse by providing what has been missing for decades: a constructive, non-polemical account of Rorty's relation to classical pragmatism. The first book-length treatment of Rorty's intellectual debt to the early pragmatists, the volume establishes his selective appropriations not as misunderstandings or distortions but a sustained, intentional effort to reconstruct their thinking. Featuring chapters devoted to five key pragmatist thinkers--Charles Sanders Peirce, William James, John Dewey, Josiah Royce, and Jane Addams--the book draws on archival sources and the full scope of Rorty's writings to challenge prevailing misconceptions and caricatures. By elaborating Rorty's still largely untapped reconstructive resources, the book reveals limitations in predominant views of the classical pragmatists in current debates and opens up new modes of understanding pragmatism and why it matters today.

Wörterbuch der Psychotherapie

Konkurrenzloses Lexikon und wertvolles Nachschlagewerk – methodenübergreifend und methodenbezogen: 1.315 Stichwörter zu den wesentlichen Begriffen der modernen Psychotherapie. 360 Autoren/innen aus 14 Ländern beteiligten sich an dem Werk, das 51 Fachbereiche bzw. psychotherapeutische Ansätze einbezieht. Die Begriffe sind mit Querverweisen vernetzt und bieten 4.500 weiterführende Quellenangaben. Aus den Rezensionen: "... Dieses Buch muss empfohlen werden, es … ist außerordentlich gelungen ..." (in: Psychotherapie Forum 1/2001) "... Logisch und übersichtlich gestaltet, … ein wertvolles Nachschlagewerk …" (in: Medical Tribune, 27. 9. 2000)

Wörterbuch der Psychotherapie

Methodenübergreifend und methodenbezogen erläutern 360 Autorinnen und Autoren aus 14 Ländern in mehr als 1300 Stichwörtern die wesentlichen Begriffe der modernen Psychotherapie. Die Stichwörter sind untereinander mit Querverweisen vernetzt und bieten insgesamt 4500 weiterführende Quellenangaben. Die Neuauflage wurde durch einen Personenteil ergänzt, in dem 25 wichtige Gründerpersönlichkeiten vorgestellt werden: mit Bild und Text zu Lebensdaten, Schaffensperioden, theoretischen Schwerpunkten und ihren Verdiensten für die Psychotherapie.

Zeit und Politikberatung: Eine systemtheoretische Analyse

Das Verhältnis von Politik und Zeit ist in der Politikwissenschaft oftmals vernachlässigt. Stefan Vorderstraße legt den Fokus auf die Bedeutung von Zeit in Strukturen und Prozessen der Politikberatung. Politische Entscheidungsträger sehen sich unter den Bedingungen einer stets gegenwärtig entscheidungsabhängigen und ungewissen Zukunft dem Problem ausgesetzt, kollektiv verbindliche Entscheidungen treffen zu müssen. Politik ist zudem mit einem Koordinierungsbedarf konfrontiert, dem sie über Politikberatung zu begegnen versucht. Auf Basis systemtheoretischer Konzepte geht der Autor der Frage nach, ob und mit Hilfe welcher Beratungsformen Politik den Anforderungen sozialer Gleichzeitigkeit in der funktional differenzierten Gesellschaft gerecht werden kann. Politische Entscheidungsprozesse und politikwissenschaftliche Analyseansätze konfrontiert er mit typischen Charakteristika der zunehmend beschleunigten Gesellschaft. Er plädiert für eine kombinierte Betrachtung von Sach-, Sozial- und Zeitdimension und leistet einen grundlegenden Beitrag zum Verständnis der Bedeutung von Zeit in und für Politikberatung.