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Teaching and Learning in English Medium Instruction: An Introduction
by Jack C. Richards Jack PunTeaching and Learning in English Medium Instruction provides an overview of the nature of English Medium Instruction (EMI) in both secondary and tertiary education. The book explores the nature of academic literacy in EMI the ways in which EMI is implemented in different contexts issues related to teaching and learning through the medium of English teaching challenges and coping strategies used by EMI teachers support for EMI through EAP the professional development needs of EMI teachers approaches to the evaluation of EMI programs. The book contains a number of short chapters written in an accessible style with discussion questions and practical follow-up tasks. Throughout the book, key theory and research serve to introduce the core issues involved in EMI, which are then explored in terms of implications for practice. The book can be used in workshops and courses and for groups that include EMI teachers of content subjects, EAP teachers, TESOL students, and teachers and education officials involved with the implementation of EMI in different contexts. With the expansion of EMI worldwide in recent years the book seeks to introduce EMI to a new generation of EMI teachers and language teaching professionals.
Teaching and Learning in a Multilingual School: Choices, Risks, and Dilemmas (Language, Culture, and Teaching Series)
by Tara Goldstein Gordon Pon Timothy Chiu Judith NganTeaching and Learning in a Multilingual School: Choices, Risks, and Dilemmas is for teachers and teacher educators working in communities that educate children who do not speak English as a first language. At the center of the book are findings from a four-year critical ethnographic case study of a Canadian high school with a large number of emigrant students from Hong Kong and rich descriptions of the multitude of ways teachers and students thought about, responded to, and negotiated the issues and dilemmas that arose. The solutions and insights they derived from their experiences of working across linguistic, cultural, and racial differences will be extremely valuable to educators in other locales that have become home to large numbers of immigrant families. The book is designed to help readers think about how the issues and dilemmas in the case study manifest themselves in their own communities and how to apply the insights they gain to their own teaching and learning contexts: * Each chapter includes four components: an excerpt from the ethnographic study; an analytic commentary on the ethnographic text drawn from a variety of theoretical perspectives and academic disciplines (including interactionist sociolinguistics, language minority education, English as a Second Language education, critical literacy, anti-racist education, and critical teacher education); a pedagogical discussion; and suggestions for further reflection and discussion. * The book features the use of ethnographic play writing to engage readers with the issues that arise in multicultural/multilingual schools. The author's play Hong Kong, Canada is included in its entirety and is used to stimulate further discussion of the issues raised in each of the chapters. * Although it is organized around two different kinds of schooling dilemmas--dilemmas of speech and silence, and dilemmas of discrimination--everyday dilemmas of curriculum and assessment are also discussed throughout the book. * A methodological discussion of the choices the author made while designing, conducting, and writing up the critical ethnographic case study makes the book useful in qualitative research methodology courses. * A set of strategies and activities is provided for helping students develop English oral presentation skills.
Teaching and Learning in a Multilingual School: Choices, Risks, and Dilemmas (Language, Culture, and Teaching Series)
by Tara Goldstein Gordon Pon Timothy Chiu Judith NganTeaching and Learning in a Multilingual School: Choices, Risks, and Dilemmas is for teachers and teacher educators working in communities that educate children who do not speak English as a first language. At the center of the book are findings from a four-year critical ethnographic case study of a Canadian high school with a large number of emigrant students from Hong Kong and rich descriptions of the multitude of ways teachers and students thought about, responded to, and negotiated the issues and dilemmas that arose. The solutions and insights they derived from their experiences of working across linguistic, cultural, and racial differences will be extremely valuable to educators in other locales that have become home to large numbers of immigrant families. The book is designed to help readers think about how the issues and dilemmas in the case study manifest themselves in their own communities and how to apply the insights they gain to their own teaching and learning contexts: * Each chapter includes four components: an excerpt from the ethnographic study; an analytic commentary on the ethnographic text drawn from a variety of theoretical perspectives and academic disciplines (including interactionist sociolinguistics, language minority education, English as a Second Language education, critical literacy, anti-racist education, and critical teacher education); a pedagogical discussion; and suggestions for further reflection and discussion. * The book features the use of ethnographic play writing to engage readers with the issues that arise in multicultural/multilingual schools. The author's play Hong Kong, Canada is included in its entirety and is used to stimulate further discussion of the issues raised in each of the chapters. * Although it is organized around two different kinds of schooling dilemmas--dilemmas of speech and silence, and dilemmas of discrimination--everyday dilemmas of curriculum and assessment are also discussed throughout the book. * A methodological discussion of the choices the author made while designing, conducting, and writing up the critical ethnographic case study makes the book useful in qualitative research methodology courses. * A set of strategies and activities is provided for helping students develop English oral presentation skills.
Teaching and Learning English in the Arabic-Speaking World: Teaching And Learning English In The Arabic-speaking World (Global Research on Teaching and Learning English)
by Kathleen M. Bailey Ryan M. DamerowCo-published with The International Research Foundation for English Language Education (TIRF) An important contribution to the emerging body of research-based knowledge about teaching English to native speakers of Arabic, this volume presents empirical studies carried out in Egypt, Lebanon, Oman, Palestine, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates (UAE)—a region which has gained notable attention in the past few decades. Each chapter addresses an issue of current concern, and each includes implications for policy, practice, and future research. Nine chapter authors are Sheikh Nahayan Fellows—recipients of doctoral fellowships from The International Research Foundation for English Language Education (TIRF). This volume is the first in the Global Research on Teaching and Learning English Series, co-published by Routledge and TIRF.
Teaching and Learning English in the Arabic-Speaking World (Global Research on Teaching and Learning English)
by Kathleen M. Bailey Ryan M. DamerowCo-published with The International Research Foundation for English Language Education (TIRF) An important contribution to the emerging body of research-based knowledge about teaching English to native speakers of Arabic, this volume presents empirical studies carried out in Egypt, Lebanon, Oman, Palestine, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates (UAE)—a region which has gained notable attention in the past few decades. Each chapter addresses an issue of current concern, and each includes implications for policy, practice, and future research. Nine chapter authors are Sheikh Nahayan Fellows—recipients of doctoral fellowships from The International Research Foundation for English Language Education (TIRF). This volume is the first in the Global Research on Teaching and Learning English Series, co-published by Routledge and TIRF.
Teaching and Learning English Grammar: Research Findings and Future Directions (Global Research on Teaching and Learning English)
by Nina Spada Donna Christian Patricia A. Duff MaryAnn ChristisonAn important contribution to the emerging body of research-based knowledge about English grammar, this volume presents empirical studies along with syntheses and overviews of previous and ongoing work on the teaching and learning of grammar for learners of English as a second/foreign language. It explores a variety of approaches, including form-focused instruction, content and language integration, corpus-based lexicogrammatical approaches, and social perspectives on grammar instruction. Nine chapter authors are Priority Research Grant or Doctoral Dissertation Grant awardees from The International Research Foundation for English Language Education (TIRF), and four overview chapters are written by well-known experts in English language education. Each research chapter addresses issues that motivated the research, the context of the research, data collection and analysis, findings and discussion, and implications for practice, policy, and future research. The TIRF-sponsored research was made possible by a generous gift from Betty Azar. This book honors her contributions to the field and recognizes her generosity in collaborating with TIRF to support research on English grammar. Teaching and Learning English Grammar is the second volume in the Global Research on Teaching and Learning English Series, co-published by Routledge and TIRF.
Teaching and Learning English Grammar: Research Findings and Future Directions (Global Research on Teaching and Learning English)
by Nina Spada Donna Christian Patricia A. Duff MaryAnn ChristisonAn important contribution to the emerging body of research-based knowledge about English grammar, this volume presents empirical studies along with syntheses and overviews of previous and ongoing work on the teaching and learning of grammar for learners of English as a second/foreign language. It explores a variety of approaches, including form-focused instruction, content and language integration, corpus-based lexicogrammatical approaches, and social perspectives on grammar instruction. Nine chapter authors are Priority Research Grant or Doctoral Dissertation Grant awardees from The International Research Foundation for English Language Education (TIRF), and four overview chapters are written by well-known experts in English language education. Each research chapter addresses issues that motivated the research, the context of the research, data collection and analysis, findings and discussion, and implications for practice, policy, and future research. The TIRF-sponsored research was made possible by a generous gift from Betty Azar. This book honors her contributions to the field and recognizes her generosity in collaborating with TIRF to support research on English grammar. Teaching and Learning English Grammar is the second volume in the Global Research on Teaching and Learning English Series, co-published by Routledge and TIRF.
Teaching and Learning Chinese in Schools (PDF)
by Robyn Moloney Hui Ling XuThis book presents the principles of quality teaching in Chinese, as exemplified in case studies of primary and secondary school classrooms. Drawing on data from five Australian schools, the authors identify the key practices necessary to produce a quality learning experience for students. The book offers a thorough grounding in the issues involved in teaching different age groups, and many practical strategies, including a comprehensive overview of digital technologies for teaching and learning Chinese. It will provide a valuable resource for students and scholars of applied linguistics, in addition to supporting teacher training and professional development.
Teaching and Learning Chinese in Schools: Case Studies In Quality Language Education (Palgrave Studies in Teaching and Learning Chinese)
by Robyn Moloney Hui Ling XuThis book presents the principles of quality teaching in Chinese, as exemplified in case studies of primary and secondary school classrooms. Drawing on data from five Australian schools, the authors identify the key practices necessary to produce a quality learning experience for students. The book offers a thorough grounding in the issues involved in teaching different age groups, and many practical strategies, including a comprehensive overview of digital technologies for teaching and learning Chinese. It will provide a valuable resource for students and scholars of applied linguistics, in addition to supporting teacher training and professional development.
Teaching and Learning Chinese in Higher Education: Theoretical and Practical Issues (Routledge Chinese Language Pedagogy)
by Yang LuTeaching and Learning Chinese in Higher Education deals with the current issues and challenges faced by teachers and learners of Chinese. Written by leading professionals and academics, the book is the first collection of research articles based on data collected in higher education institutions in the UK. The studies focus on concerns related to learners of Chinese as a foreign language (CFL) and aim to establish studies on teaching Chinese as a foreign language (TCFL) as part of the mainstream of applied linguistics The contributors have applied their theoretical backgrounds in applied linguistics and education to tackle issues such as how to benchmark the Chinese written language with CEFR, how to integrate standardised Chinese proficiency tests with institutional assessments and teaching methodologies. Teaching and Learning Chinese in Higher Education will be invaluable to professionals, academics and students seeking theoretical frameworks in applied linguistics for TCFL.
Teaching and Learning Chinese in Higher Education: Theoretical and Practical Issues (Routledge Chinese Language Pedagogy)
by Yang LuTeaching and Learning Chinese in Higher Education deals with the current issues and challenges faced by teachers and learners of Chinese. Written by leading professionals and academics, the book is the first collection of research articles based on data collected in higher education institutions in the UK. The studies focus on concerns related to learners of Chinese as a foreign language (CFL) and aim to establish studies on teaching Chinese as a foreign language (TCFL) as part of the mainstream of applied linguistics The contributors have applied their theoretical backgrounds in applied linguistics and education to tackle issues such as how to benchmark the Chinese written language with CEFR, how to integrate standardised Chinese proficiency tests with institutional assessments and teaching methodologies. Teaching and Learning Chinese in Higher Education will be invaluable to professionals, academics and students seeking theoretical frameworks in applied linguistics for TCFL.
Teaching and Assessing EIL in Local Contexts Around the World (ESL & Applied Linguistics Professional Series)
by Sandra Lee Mckay James Dean BrownEnglish today is a global language embedded in a great variety of social contexts, resulting in linguistic and pedagogical variation. Taking a new look at the teaching and assessing of English as an international language (EIL), this text highlights overarching principles and provides specific strategies for responding to questions and challenges posed by the changing demographics of English language learners and users around the world. Teaching and Assessment in EIL Classrooms introduces an original, coherent framework in which needs analysis, pedagogical principles, and assessment are integrated describes variables that influence effective teaching and assessment and the characteristics of various EIL teachers and learners emphasizes that pedagogical and assessment decisions need to be based on the learning and teaching needs of each specific EIL context includes specific principles and strategies for teaching and assessing grammar, oral language, and literacy skills in EIL classrooms provides strategies for integrating computer-mediated language into EIL classrooms in ways that promote cross-cultural awareness, language development, and individualized learning Timely, accessible, and practical, this text for graduate and pre- and in-service courses on language teaching and assessment is at the forefront in providing valuable information and guidance for enabling principled and context-sensitive praxis in EIL classrooms worldwide.
Teaching and Assessing EIL in Local Contexts Around the World (ESL & Applied Linguistics Professional Series)
by Sandra Lee Mckay James Dean BrownEnglish today is a global language embedded in a great variety of social contexts, resulting in linguistic and pedagogical variation. Taking a new look at the teaching and assessing of English as an international language (EIL), this text highlights overarching principles and provides specific strategies for responding to questions and challenges posed by the changing demographics of English language learners and users around the world. Teaching and Assessment in EIL Classrooms introduces an original, coherent framework in which needs analysis, pedagogical principles, and assessment are integrated describes variables that influence effective teaching and assessment and the characteristics of various EIL teachers and learners emphasizes that pedagogical and assessment decisions need to be based on the learning and teaching needs of each specific EIL context includes specific principles and strategies for teaching and assessing grammar, oral language, and literacy skills in EIL classrooms provides strategies for integrating computer-mediated language into EIL classrooms in ways that promote cross-cultural awareness, language development, and individualized learning Timely, accessible, and practical, this text for graduate and pre- and in-service courses on language teaching and assessment is at the forefront in providing valuable information and guidance for enabling principled and context-sensitive praxis in EIL classrooms worldwide.
Teaching Academic L2 Writing: Practical Techniques in Vocabulary and Grammar (ESL & Applied Linguistics Professional Series)
by Eli HinkelThe new edition of this comprehensive text fills an important role in teacher professional preparation by focusing on how to teach the grammar and vocabulary that are essential for all L2 writing teachers and student-writers. Before L2 writers can begin to successfully produce academic prose, they need to understand the foundations of the language and develop the language tools that will help them build reasonable quality text. Targeting specific problem areas of students’ writing, this text offers a wealth of techniques for teaching writing, grammar, and vocabulary to second-language learners. Updated with current research and recent corpus analysis findings, the second edition features a wealth of new materials, including new teaching activities; student exercises and assignments; and substantially revised appendices with supplementary word and phrase lists and sentence components. Designed for preservice ESL/ELT/TESOL courses as well as Academic Writing and Applied Linguistics courses, this book includes new, contextualized examples in a more accessible and easy-to-digest format.
Teaching Academic L2 Writing: Practical Techniques in Vocabulary and Grammar (ESL & Applied Linguistics Professional Series)
by Eli HinkelThe new edition of this comprehensive text fills an important role in teacher professional preparation by focusing on how to teach the grammar and vocabulary that are essential for all L2 writing teachers and student-writers. Before L2 writers can begin to successfully produce academic prose, they need to understand the foundations of the language and develop the language tools that will help them build reasonable quality text. Targeting specific problem areas of students’ writing, this text offers a wealth of techniques for teaching writing, grammar, and vocabulary to second-language learners. Updated with current research and recent corpus analysis findings, the second edition features a wealth of new materials, including new teaching activities; student exercises and assignments; and substantially revised appendices with supplementary word and phrase lists and sentence components. Designed for preservice ESL/ELT/TESOL courses as well as Academic Writing and Applied Linguistics courses, this book includes new, contextualized examples in a more accessible and easy-to-digest format.
Teaching Academic ESL Writing: Practical Techniques in Vocabulary and Grammar (ESL & Applied Linguistics Professional Series)
by Eli HinkelTeaching Academic ESL Writing: Practical Techniques in Vocabulary and Grammar fills an important gap in teacher professional preparation by focusing on the grammatical and lexical features that are essential for all ESL writing teachers and student-writers to know. The fundamental assumption is that before students of English for academic purposes can begin to successfully produce academic writing, they must have the foundations of language in place--the language tools (grammar and vocabulary) they need to build a text. This text offers a compendium of techniques for teaching writing, grammar, and lexis to second-language learners that will help teachers effectively target specific problem areas of students' writing. Based on the findings of current research, including a large-scale study of close to 1,500 non-native speakers' essays, this book works with several sets of simple rules that collectively can make a noticeable and important difference in the quality of ESL students' writing. The teaching strategies and techniques are based on a highly practical principle for efficiently and successfully maximizing learners' language gains. Part I provides the background for the text and a sample of course curriculum guidelines to meet the learning needs of second-language teachers of writing and second-language writers. Parts II and III include the key elements of classroom teaching: what to teach and why, possible ways to teach the material in the classroom, common errors found in student prose and ways to teach students to avoid them, teaching activities and suggestions, and questions for discussion in a teacher-training course. Appendices to chapters provide supplementary word and phrase lists, collocations, sentence chunks, and diagrams that teachers can use as needed. The book is designed as a text for courses that prepare teachers to work with post-secondary EAP students and as a professional resource for teachers of students in EAP courses.
Teaching Academic ESL Writing: Practical Techniques in Vocabulary and Grammar (ESL & Applied Linguistics Professional Series)
by Eli HinkelTeaching Academic ESL Writing: Practical Techniques in Vocabulary and Grammar fills an important gap in teacher professional preparation by focusing on the grammatical and lexical features that are essential for all ESL writing teachers and student-writers to know. The fundamental assumption is that before students of English for academic purposes can begin to successfully produce academic writing, they must have the foundations of language in place--the language tools (grammar and vocabulary) they need to build a text. This text offers a compendium of techniques for teaching writing, grammar, and lexis to second-language learners that will help teachers effectively target specific problem areas of students' writing. Based on the findings of current research, including a large-scale study of close to 1,500 non-native speakers' essays, this book works with several sets of simple rules that collectively can make a noticeable and important difference in the quality of ESL students' writing. The teaching strategies and techniques are based on a highly practical principle for efficiently and successfully maximizing learners' language gains. Part I provides the background for the text and a sample of course curriculum guidelines to meet the learning needs of second-language teachers of writing and second-language writers. Parts II and III include the key elements of classroom teaching: what to teach and why, possible ways to teach the material in the classroom, common errors found in student prose and ways to teach students to avoid them, teaching activities and suggestions, and questions for discussion in a teacher-training course. Appendices to chapters provide supplementary word and phrase lists, collocations, sentence chunks, and diagrams that teachers can use as needed. The book is designed as a text for courses that prepare teachers to work with post-secondary EAP students and as a professional resource for teachers of students in EAP courses.
Teaching About Dialect Variations and Language in Secondary English Classrooms: Power, Prestige, and Prejudice
by Michelle D. DevereauxStandardized tests demand Standard English, but secondary students (grades 6-12) come to school speaking a variety of dialects and languages, thus creating a conflict between students’ language of nurture and the expectations of school. The purpose of this text is twofold: to explain and illustrate how language varieties function in the classroom and in students’ lives and to detail linguistically informed instructional strategies. Through anecdotes from the classroom, lesson plans, and accessible narrative, it introduces theory and clearly builds the bridge to daily classroom practices that respect students’ language varieties and use those varieties as strengths upon which secondary English teachers can build. The book explains how to teach about language variations and ideologies in the classroom; uses typically taught texts as models for exploring how power, society, and identity interact with language, literature, and students’ lives; connects the Common Core State Standards to the concepts presented; and offers strategies to teach the sense and structure of Standard English and other language variations, so that all students may add Standard English to their linguistic toolboxes.
Teaching About Dialect Variations and Language in Secondary English Classrooms: Power, Prestige, and Prejudice
by Michelle D. DevereauxStandardized tests demand Standard English, but secondary students (grades 6-12) come to school speaking a variety of dialects and languages, thus creating a conflict between students’ language of nurture and the expectations of school. The purpose of this text is twofold: to explain and illustrate how language varieties function in the classroom and in students’ lives and to detail linguistically informed instructional strategies. Through anecdotes from the classroom, lesson plans, and accessible narrative, it introduces theory and clearly builds the bridge to daily classroom practices that respect students’ language varieties and use those varieties as strengths upon which secondary English teachers can build. The book explains how to teach about language variations and ideologies in the classroom; uses typically taught texts as models for exploring how power, society, and identity interact with language, literature, and students’ lives; connects the Common Core State Standards to the concepts presented; and offers strategies to teach the sense and structure of Standard English and other language variations, so that all students may add Standard English to their linguistic toolboxes.
Teachers Exploring Tasks In English Language Teaching (PDF)
by Corony Edwards Jane WillisWinner - British Council Innovation in English Language Teaching Award 2006 This book was written for language teachers by language teachers, with a view to encouraging readers to use more tasks in their lessons, and to explore for themselves various aspects of task-based teaching and learning. It gives insights into ways in which tasks can be designed, adapted and implemented in a range of teaching contexts and illustrates ways in which tasks and task-based learning can be investigated as a research activity. Practising language teachers and student professionals on MA TESOL/Applied Linguistics courses will find this a rich resource of varied experience in the classroom and a stimulus to their own qualitative studies.
Teacher Voices in Chinese Language Teaching: Personal Reflections on Culture (Palgrave Studies in Teaching and Learning Chinese)
by Scott SmithThis book reports the results of an ethnographic study, focusing primarily on the experiences of four teachers of the Chinese language in Australian secondary schools. The author creates an audience for their voices as they reflect on their own understandings of culture, language teaching, and culture in language teaching through semi-structured interviews, and compares these reflections with written stimulus dialogues designed to elicit 'culture-in-language' reflections, as well as curriculum and policy documents produced by the Australian government. The book's findings indicate that teachers of the Chinese language are diverse in their views on culture, language teaching, and the ways in which culture can or should inform language teaching, and the author argues that language teacher intercultural competence cannot be assessed through a synthesis of the current English-only research literature. This book will be of interest to teachers and teacher trainers of Chinese as a foreign language, as well as students and scholars of applied linguistics and language education more broadly.
Teacher Training and Professional Development of Chinese English Language Teachers: Changing From Fish to Dragon (ESL & Applied Linguistics Professional Series)
by Faridah Pawan Wenfang Fan Pei MiaoThis up-close look at Chinese ESL teachers documents undertakings at formal and informal levels to support and sustain their expertise in ways that balance collaborative and competitive efforts, situated and standards-based programs, ethnically responsive and government-based efforts, and traditional and 21st-century teaching visions. English is a mandated subject for approximately 400 million Chinese public school students. Making transparent the training and professional development received respectively by pre-service and in-service teachers, this book provides a rare window into how Chinese English Language teachers (ELTs) reconcile the two needs with the responsibility to teach large numbers of students while also navigating societal, cultural, and institutional cross currents. It also explores the range of ways China invests in the training and professional development of its English language teachers.
Teacher Training and Professional Development of Chinese English Language Teachers: Changing From Fish to Dragon (ESL & Applied Linguistics Professional Series)
by Faridah Pawan Wenfang Fan Pei MiaoThis up-close look at Chinese ESL teachers documents undertakings at formal and informal levels to support and sustain their expertise in ways that balance collaborative and competitive efforts, situated and standards-based programs, ethnically responsive and government-based efforts, and traditional and 21st-century teaching visions. English is a mandated subject for approximately 400 million Chinese public school students. Making transparent the training and professional development received respectively by pre-service and in-service teachers, this book provides a rare window into how Chinese English Language teachers (ELTs) reconcile the two needs with the responsibility to teach large numbers of students while also navigating societal, cultural, and institutional cross currents. It also explores the range of ways China invests in the training and professional development of its English language teachers.
Teacher Preparation for Linguistically Diverse Classrooms: A Resource for Teacher Educators
by Tamara LucasTeacher educators today need knowledge and practical ideas about how to prepare all pre-service and in-service teachers (not just bilingual or ESL specialists) to teach the growing number of students in K-12 classrooms in the United States who speak native languages other than English. This book is at the forefront in focusing exclusively on the preparation of mainstream classroom teachers for this population of students. Part one provides the conceptual and contextual framework for the book, including a comprehensive discussion of relevant demographic trends and an analysis of national and state policies. Part two presents examples of initiatives in different institutional and geographic settings, highlighting three essential elements of teacher preparation: curriculum content, program design, and program coherence. Meeting a pressing need among teacher educators left to figure out, largely by trial and error, how best to prepare non-specialist classroom teachers to work with ELLs, this book both contributes to the research base and provides practical information to help readers envision possibilities they can apply in their own settings.
Teacher Preparation for Linguistically Diverse Classrooms: A Resource for Teacher Educators
by Tamara LucasTeacher educators today need knowledge and practical ideas about how to prepare all pre-service and in-service teachers (not just bilingual or ESL specialists) to teach the growing number of students in K-12 classrooms in the United States who speak native languages other than English. This book is at the forefront in focusing exclusively on the preparation of mainstream classroom teachers for this population of students. Part one provides the conceptual and contextual framework for the book, including a comprehensive discussion of relevant demographic trends and an analysis of national and state policies. Part two presents examples of initiatives in different institutional and geographic settings, highlighting three essential elements of teacher preparation: curriculum content, program design, and program coherence. Meeting a pressing need among teacher educators left to figure out, largely by trial and error, how best to prepare non-specialist classroom teachers to work with ELLs, this book both contributes to the research base and provides practical information to help readers envision possibilities they can apply in their own settings.