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The Routledge Handbook of Language and Mind Engineering
by Chris Shei James SchnellThe Routledge Handbook of Language and Mind Engineering is a comprehensive work that delves into the complex interplay between language, culture, politics, and media in shaping the human mind.The book is divided into five main sections, each exploring different aspects of mind engineering: I. Political Mind Engineering; II. Commercial Mind Engineering; III. Media, Culture, and Mind Engineering; IV. Linguistic and Semiotic Analysis of Mind Engineering; V. Mind Engineering in Educational Settings.The book provides a multi-dimensional perspective on how language, media, culture, and politics intersect to shape individuals' thoughts and beliefs. It highlights the diverse methods and contexts in which mind engineering occurs, making it a valuable resource for scholars, researchers, and policymakers interested in understanding the complexities of contemporary discourse and manipulation of human thought.The contents of this cutting-edge handbook will engage all undergraduate, postgraduate, PhD students and scholars, and researchers at all levels, in fields such as languages, linguistics, politics, communication studies, media studies, and psychology.Chapter 15 of this book is freely available as a downloadable Open Access PDF at http://www.taylorfrancis.com under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) International license.Chapter 17 of this book is freely available as a downloadable Open Access PDF at http://www.taylorfrancis.com under a Creative Commons Attribution‑Non Commercial‑No Derivatives (CC‑BY‑NC‑ND) 4.0 license.Chapter 18 of this book is freely available as a downloadable Open Access PDF at http://www.taylorfrancis.com under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives (CC-BY-NC-ND) 4.0 license.
Performed Culture in Action to Teach Chinese as a Foreign Language: Integrating PCA into Curriculum, Pedagogy, and Assessment (Routledge Research in Language Education)
by Jianfen Wang Junqing Jessie JiaThis volume explores best practices in implementing the Performed Culture Approach (PCA) in teaching Chinese as a foreign language (CFL).Offering a range of chapters that demonstrate how PCA has been successfully applied to curriculum, instructional design, and assessment in CFL programs and classrooms at various levels, this text shows how PCA’s culture-focused paradigm differs fundamentally from the general communicative language teaching (CLT) framework and highlights how it can inspire innovative methods to better support learners’ ability to navigate target culture and overcome communication barriers. Additional applications of PCA in the development of learner identity, intercultural competence, autonomy, and motivation are also considered.Bridging theoretical innovations and the practice of curriculum design and implementation, this work will be of value to researchers, teacher trainers, and graduate students interested in Chinese teaching and learning, especially those with an interest in incorporating performance into foreign language curriculums with the goal of integrating language and culture.
La informalización del discurso digital público: Reflexiones sobre el inglés y el español (Routledge Studies in Hispanic and Lusophone Linguistics)
by Carmen Pérez-SabaterLa informalización del discurso digital público is an innovative volume which examines different communicative practices which take place on social media and justifies the shift towards more informal/oral styles of public communication in English and Spanish.The book takes a first step in understanding and analysing how the use of code-switching, language preference, and graphicons contribute to the public image of institutions, politicians and celebrities, as well as how the aforementioned strategies fit into the negotiation of the norms and identities of public communities on social media platforms. Offering an updated approach to studying digital discourse in public contexts, it is the first of its kind written in Spanish. The volume focuses on the characteristic linguistic features associated with digital communication and informal oral writing styles, such as reduplication of vowels, consonants, acronyms, and shortenings, code-switching and language preference, and the insertion of multimodal and graphical elements.A comprehensive and unique volume, La informalización del discurso digital público is ideal for researchers and postgraduate students interested in digital discourse, sociolinguistics, and media studies.La informalización del discurso digital público es un volumen innovador que examina diferentes prácticas comunicativas que tienen lugar en las redes sociales con el fin de justificar el cambio hacia estilos más informales/orales de comunicación pública en inglés y en español.El libro ofrece un punto de vista novedoso sobre la contribución del cambio de código, la elección de lengua y los graficonos a la imagen pública de instituciones, políticos y celebridades; así como la repercusión que las estrategias mencionadas tienen en la negociación de las normas e identidades de las comunidades públicas en redes sociales. Ofrece un enfoque actualizado del estudio del discurso digital en contextos públicos y es el primero de este tipo escrito en español. El volumen se centra en los rasgos lingüísticos característicos de la comunicación digital y de los estilos de escritura oral informal, tales como la reduplicación de vocales, consonantes, acrónimos y abreviaturas, el cambio de código y la preferencia de lengua, así como la inserción de elementos multimodales y gráficos.La informalización del discurso digital público es un volumen completo y único, ideal para investigadores y estudiantes de posgrado interesados en el discurso digital, la sociolingüística y los estudios sobre los medios de comunicación.
La informalización del discurso digital público: Reflexiones sobre el inglés y el español (Routledge Studies in Hispanic and Lusophone Linguistics)
by Carmen Pérez-SabaterLa informalización del discurso digital público is an innovative volume which examines different communicative practices which take place on social media and justifies the shift towards more informal/oral styles of public communication in English and Spanish.The book takes a first step in understanding and analysing how the use of code-switching, language preference, and graphicons contribute to the public image of institutions, politicians and celebrities, as well as how the aforementioned strategies fit into the negotiation of the norms and identities of public communities on social media platforms. Offering an updated approach to studying digital discourse in public contexts, it is the first of its kind written in Spanish. The volume focuses on the characteristic linguistic features associated with digital communication and informal oral writing styles, such as reduplication of vowels, consonants, acronyms, and shortenings, code-switching and language preference, and the insertion of multimodal and graphical elements.A comprehensive and unique volume, La informalización del discurso digital público is ideal for researchers and postgraduate students interested in digital discourse, sociolinguistics, and media studies.La informalización del discurso digital público es un volumen innovador que examina diferentes prácticas comunicativas que tienen lugar en las redes sociales con el fin de justificar el cambio hacia estilos más informales/orales de comunicación pública en inglés y en español.El libro ofrece un punto de vista novedoso sobre la contribución del cambio de código, la elección de lengua y los graficonos a la imagen pública de instituciones, políticos y celebridades; así como la repercusión que las estrategias mencionadas tienen en la negociación de las normas e identidades de las comunidades públicas en redes sociales. Ofrece un enfoque actualizado del estudio del discurso digital en contextos públicos y es el primero de este tipo escrito en español. El volumen se centra en los rasgos lingüísticos característicos de la comunicación digital y de los estilos de escritura oral informal, tales como la reduplicación de vocales, consonantes, acrónimos y abreviaturas, el cambio de código y la preferencia de lengua, así como la inserción de elementos multimodales y gráficos.La informalización del discurso digital público es un volumen completo y único, ideal para investigadores y estudiantes de posgrado interesados en el discurso digital, la sociolingüística y los estudios sobre los medios de comunicación.
Quick Reads Penguin Readers: Boys Don’t Cry
by Malorie BlackmanA gripping Quick Read about family and growing up from bestselling author, Malorie Blackman.Seventeen-year-old Dante is waiting for his A-level results. He’s got it all planned out. If his results are good, he’ll go to uni and study to be a journalist.But while he’s waiting, the doorbell rings and it’s his ex-girlfriend. She’s carrying a baby – his baby.Dante agrees to look after the baby for an hour or two. Then his ex doesn’t come back, and Dante’s plans have to change. With the help of his father and brother, Dante must learn how to be a single parent.A gripping and original story about love, relationships and growing up the hard way.
Corpora for Language Learning: Bridging the Research-Practice Divide
This volume presents a diverse range of expertise and practical advice on corpus-assisted language learning, bridging the gap between corpus research and actual classroom practice.Grounded in expert discussions and interviews, the book offers an extensive exploration into the intricacies of corpus-based language pedagogy, addressing its challenges, benefits, and potential drawbacks while demonstrating the power of data-driven learning (DDL) tools, including AntConc, WordSmith Tools, and CorpusMate. The book navigates the complexities of integrating DDL into mainstream educational systems, showcasing real-world applications for teaching. The authors bring together cutting-edge, international perspectives on this topic in dialogue with those using such techniques in their classroom practice.Both a rigorous academic resource and a hands-on guide for practitioners, this book is recommended reading for educators, researchers, or anyone wanting to upskill themselves in learning to harness the power of data in language pedagogy in primary, secondary, tertiary, or other professional contexts.
Corpora for Language Learning: Bridging the Research-Practice Divide
by Peter CrosthwaiteThis volume presents a diverse range of expertise and practical advice on corpus-assisted language learning, bridging the gap between corpus research and actual classroom practice.Grounded in expert discussions and interviews, the book offers an extensive exploration into the intricacies of corpus-based language pedagogy, addressing its challenges, benefits, and potential drawbacks while demonstrating the power of data-driven learning (DDL) tools, including AntConc, WordSmith Tools, and CorpusMate. The book navigates the complexities of integrating DDL into mainstream educational systems, showcasing real-world applications for teaching. The authors bring together cutting-edge, international perspectives on this topic in dialogue with those using such techniques in their classroom practice.Both a rigorous academic resource and a hands-on guide for practitioners, this book is recommended reading for educators, researchers, or anyone wanting to upskill themselves in learning to harness the power of data in language pedagogy in primary, secondary, tertiary, or other professional contexts.
Beginning Korean: 실생활 한국어
by Angela Lee-Smith Jongoh Eun Susan StraussBeginning Korean is a Korean language textbook for use at the high school and college levels, involving characters who speak and interact in Korean using beginner-to-intermediate-level expressions, vocabulary, and grammar.The book contains a rich variety of natural-sounding dialogues involving characters from a diverse range of backgrounds as they exchange ideas, make plans, and socialize in a variety of natural contexts in Korea. The book provides a wide variety of conversational expressions, grammar notes, and vocabulary items, in addition to ‘Cultural Insights’ to expand users’ understandings of and familiarity with Korean culture from more insider perspectives.Further supporting material, including audio, can be found at www.routledge.com/9781032687032. The book is designed around ACTFL’s 5 Cs (Communication, Cultures, Connections, Comparisons, and Communities) and includes specific proficiency-based Can-Do learning goals for each unit. As such, the content, topics, and areas of focus in this book can be useful for a wide range of programs, educators, and learners of Korean.
Beginning Korean: 실생활 한국어
by Angela Lee-Smith Jongoh Eun Susan StraussBeginning Korean is a Korean language textbook for use at the high school and college levels, involving characters who speak and interact in Korean using beginner-to-intermediate-level expressions, vocabulary, and grammar.The book contains a rich variety of natural-sounding dialogues involving characters from a diverse range of backgrounds as they exchange ideas, make plans, and socialize in a variety of natural contexts in Korea. The book provides a wide variety of conversational expressions, grammar notes, and vocabulary items, in addition to ‘Cultural Insights’ to expand users’ understandings of and familiarity with Korean culture from more insider perspectives.Further supporting material, including audio, can be found at www.routledge.com/9781032687032. The book is designed around ACTFL’s 5 Cs (Communication, Cultures, Connections, Comparisons, and Communities) and includes specific proficiency-based Can-Do learning goals for each unit. As such, the content, topics, and areas of focus in this book can be useful for a wide range of programs, educators, and learners of Korean.
La enseñanza del español mediada por tecnología: de la justicia social a la Inteligencia Artificial (IA) (Routledge Advances in Spanish Language Teaching)
by Javier Muñoz-Basols Mara Fuertes Gutiérrez Luis CerezoLa enseñanza del español mediada por tecnología ofrece una nutrida panorámica de la investigación actual y de las estrategias didácticas sobre la integración de la tecnología en la enseñanza y el aprendizaje del español. Estructurado en trece capítulos esenciales, el libro constituye una hoja de ruta diseñada para que los profesionales de la lengua incorporen de manera eficaz la tecnología en cualquier entorno de aprendizaje: presencial, híbrido o en línea.Características principales: marco metodológico Planificar, Personalizar e Implementar (PPI) con elementos teóricos y prácticos sobre tecnología y enseñanza de lenguas selección de temas: accesibilidad, diseño curricular, actitudes de los docentes y diversidad; estrategias para gestionar la motivación, ansiedad, interacción y feedback; pautas para gestionar la enseñanza híbrida y en línea, inmersión lingüística digital, podcasts y narraciones digitales; gamificación e Inteligencia Artificial (IA) estructura consistente: conceptos clave, directrices metodológicas, consideraciones prácticas y referencias adicionales estrategias pedagógicas para apoyar la enseñanza de lenguas mediada por tecnología Escrito por un elenco internacional de investigadores, el libro es un recurso único para incorporar prácticas eficientes en la enseñanza de idiomas mediada por tecnología.La enseñanza del español mediada por tecnología offers a thorough exploration of current research and instructional strategies related to the integration of technology into the teaching and learning of Spanish. It consists of thirteen chapters that serve as a roadmap designed for language professionals to effectively incorporate technology into their learning environments: face-to-face, hybrid, or fully online.Key features: Three major sections presented as a framework, Planning, Personalizing and Implementing (PPI), that blend both theoretical and practical elements of technology; A unique range of topics, such as accessibility, curriculum development, teachers' beliefs and diversity; strategies for managing motivation, anxiety, interaction, and feedback; tips for effective hybrid and online teaching, digital language immersion, use of podcasts and digital storytelling, gamification, and Artificial Intelligence (AI); A consistent format for all chapters, with key concepts, methodological guidelines, practical considerations, and references for further exploration of each topic covered; Clear explanations and numerous scenarios that help readers comprehend the various factors that influence technology-assisted language learning; Support for educators in navigating the challenges that arise in technology-enhanced learning and teaching, with a focus on pedagogical best practices; Tips for educators to transition from a conventional curriculum approach to a more creative and engaging one that maximizes learning opportunities mediated by technology. Written by an international team of scholars, La enseñanza del español mediada por tecnología is a unique resource for Spanish language professionals at any context who wish to improve and enhance their teaching techniques. The book will be equally valuable to teachers of other languages as it contains relevant material on best practices and classroom management in technology-mediated education.
Translation as Advocacy: Perspectives on Practice, Performance and Publishing (Language Acts and Worldmaking)
by VariousWhat does it mean to advocate - in translation, for translation, through translation? What does advocacy look like, for those who do the translating or for those whose work is translated? To what extent is translation itself a form of advocacy? These 'what' questions are the driving force behind this collection.Translation as Advocacy highlights the innovative ways in which translator-academics in seven different fields discuss their practice in relation to their understanding of advocacy. The book aims to encourage people to think about translators as active agents bringing new work into the receiving culture, advocating for the writers they translate, for ideas, for practices. As such, the book asserts that the act of translation is a mode of cultural production and a political intervention through which the translator, as advocate, claims a significant position in intercultural dialogue.Featuring seven interrelated chapters, the book covers themes of judgement, spaces for translation, classroom practice, collaboration, intercultural position, textuality, and voice. Each chapter explores the specific demands of different types of translation work, the specific role of each stage of the process and what advocacy means at each of these stages, for example: choosing what is translated; mediating between author and receiving culture; pitching to publishers; social interactions; framing the translation for different audiences; teaching; creating new canons; gatekeepers and prizes; dissemination; marketing and reception. This book repositions the role of the translator-academic as an activist who uses their knowledge and understanding to bring agency to the complex processes of understanding across time and space. Moving critically through the different stages that the translator-academic occupies, using the spaces for research, performance and classroom teaching as springboards for active engagement with the key preoccupations of our times, this book will highlight translation as advocacy for students, educators, audiences for translation and the translation industry.Like all the volumes in the Language Acts and Worldmaking series, the overall aim is two-fold: to challenge widely-held views about language learning as a neutral instrument of globalisation and to innovate and transform language research, teaching and learning, together with Modern Languages as an academic discipline, by foregrounding its unique form of cognition and critical engagement.Specific aims are to:· propose new ways of bridging the gaps between those who teach and research languages and those who learn and use them in everyday contexts from the professional to the personal· put research into the hands of wider audiences· share a philosophy, policy and practice of language teaching and learning which turns research into action· provide the research, experience and data to enable informed debates on current issues and attitudes in language learning, teaching and research· share knowledge across and within all levels and experiences of language learning and teaching· showcase exciting new work that derives from different types of community activity and is of practical relevance to its audiences· disseminate new research in languages that engages with diverse communities of language practitioners.
Data Representativity and Granularity in Spanish Syntax: Subjecthood across Dialects and Methodologies in Spanish (Routledge Studies in Hispanic and Lusophone Linguistics)
by Iván Ortega-SantosData Representativity and Granularity in Spanish Syntax focuses on the dialogue between Generative Grammar, Variationism, and experimental linguistics with a unique emphasis on Spanish linguistics.Combining formal syntax and empirical data collection, this volume analyzes and compares various data collection methods in syntactic theory, and examines a wide variety of approaches to gain novel insight in this emerging area. Through the case study of subject properties in Spanish, with an emphasis on how differences in data collection and data analysis standards may shape our perception of the object of study, this book addresses the following questions: (a) How do the data gathered through the standard methodology in each discipline diverge (if at all) and why? and (b) What kind of research questions can be answered with the standard methodology in each field? The volume argues for methodological crosspollination to avoid forcing data to conform to field-specific expectations and to appreciate language variation for what it has to tell us about linguistic theory, marrying the goals of Generative Grammar with data-driven research.This is an essential resource for researchers in the area of formal and generative syntax, linguists with an interest in data collection standard in syntax, and graduate or advanced undergraduate students in the field of Spanish linguistics.
Data Representativity and Granularity in Spanish Syntax: Subjecthood across Dialects and Methodologies in Spanish (Routledge Studies in Hispanic and Lusophone Linguistics)
by Iván Ortega-SantosData Representativity and Granularity in Spanish Syntax focuses on the dialogue between Generative Grammar, Variationism, and experimental linguistics with a unique emphasis on Spanish linguistics.Combining formal syntax and empirical data collection, this volume analyzes and compares various data collection methods in syntactic theory, and examines a wide variety of approaches to gain novel insight in this emerging area. Through the case study of subject properties in Spanish, with an emphasis on how differences in data collection and data analysis standards may shape our perception of the object of study, this book addresses the following questions: (a) How do the data gathered through the standard methodology in each discipline diverge (if at all) and why? and (b) What kind of research questions can be answered with the standard methodology in each field? The volume argues for methodological crosspollination to avoid forcing data to conform to field-specific expectations and to appreciate language variation for what it has to tell us about linguistic theory, marrying the goals of Generative Grammar with data-driven research.This is an essential resource for researchers in the area of formal and generative syntax, linguists with an interest in data collection standard in syntax, and graduate or advanced undergraduate students in the field of Spanish linguistics.
Golosa: A Basic Course in Russian, Book Two
by Richard M. Robin Karen Evans-Romaine Galina ShatalinaГОЛОСА: A Basic Course in Russian, Book Two (Sixth Edition), takes a contemporary approach to language learning by focusing on the development of functional competence as well as the expansion of cultural knowledge.The sixth edition of this bestselling communicatively based text for Russian has been updated by putting a greater focus on contemporary culture and simplified, visual grammar explanations that will better engage students. The program also covers the basic morphology of Russian (declension, case government, conjugation). The program has been a bestseller as a college Russian textbook through five editions since 1993.Following on from Golosa Book One, Golosa Book Two is divided into ten units. Organised thematically, each unit contains dialogs, texts, exercises, and other material designed to enable students to read, speak, and write about the topic, as well as to understand simple conversations. The systematic grammar explanations and exercises enable students to develop a conceptual understanding and partial control of all basic Russian structures. This strong structural base enables students to accomplish the linguistic tasks and prepares them for further study of the language. Book Two is designed to bring students to the ACTFL Intermediate range in speaking (A2/B1 on the CEFR scale).Print and eTextbooks are accompanied by a Student Workbook and a rich companion website (www.routledge.com/cw/golosa) offering audio and video material, instructor resources and fully integrated exercises to use alongside the text. The companion website, powered by Lingco, is available for separate purchase from Lingco. Teachers can preview the new companion websites and create their courses. Free audio and video resources are also available at www.routledge.com/cw/golosa, including the Instructor Resources. For resources on how to set up and customize your course, please visit the Help Center on the Lingco Language Labs website at www.lingco.io. It includes articles that explain how the platform works and what you can do with it. Students may join their teacher’s course on Lingco and will be able to enter their access code or purchase access at any point in the 14-day grace period that begins on the first date of access. Students receive 12 months of access that begins after a free 14-day grace period.
Trilingual Education of Uyghur Children: Phonological Awareness, Language Acquisition and Literacy Development
by Wei XiaobaoGiven the differences in the orthographic structure of the Uyghur, Chinese and English languages, this study used a mixed-method approach to systematically describe and analyze the phonological awareness of Uyghur bilingual children as English learners and its contributions to their trilingual literacy acquisition and development.Focusing on the development of these learners' phonological awareness in Uyghur, Chinese and English, this study explored the influences of Uyghur and Chinese learning on the formation of their English phonological awareness and the roles of different components of phonological awareness in their trilingual literacy development. Based on the characteristics of the phonetic structure in Uyghur, Chinese and English and the development of Uyghur children's phonological awareness in these languages, a Chinese phonetic identification training and Uyghur–Chinese–English comprehensive phonetic training program (including intensive phoneme category contrast training and phonics training) was designed to explore whether such targeted phonetic identification training can effectively improve these children's phonological awareness in Chinese and English and thus further promote their trilingual literacy development.This book will appeal to researchers and students interested in the fields of psycholinguistics, language acquisition and multilingual education.
Trilingual Education of Uyghur Children: Phonological Awareness, Language Acquisition and Literacy Development
by Wei XiaobaoGiven the differences in the orthographic structure of the Uyghur, Chinese and English languages, this study used a mixed-method approach to systematically describe and analyze the phonological awareness of Uyghur bilingual children as English learners and its contributions to their trilingual literacy acquisition and development.Focusing on the development of these learners' phonological awareness in Uyghur, Chinese and English, this study explored the influences of Uyghur and Chinese learning on the formation of their English phonological awareness and the roles of different components of phonological awareness in their trilingual literacy development. Based on the characteristics of the phonetic structure in Uyghur, Chinese and English and the development of Uyghur children's phonological awareness in these languages, a Chinese phonetic identification training and Uyghur–Chinese–English comprehensive phonetic training program (including intensive phoneme category contrast training and phonics training) was designed to explore whether such targeted phonetic identification training can effectively improve these children's phonological awareness in Chinese and English and thus further promote their trilingual literacy development.This book will appeal to researchers and students interested in the fields of psycholinguistics, language acquisition and multilingual education.
Building Proficiency for World Language Learners: 100+ High-Interest Activities
by Janina KlimasThis innovative book offers over 100 engaging and effective activities that busy teachers can use to help students become confident, comfortable, and proficient learners, acquirers, and communicators in new languages. Many activities can be adapted to different languages and levels in secondary-level language courses.Klimas provides readers with ready-to-use templates, editable posters, as well as multimodal communicative activities such as games, storytelling exercises, ideas for centers, and more. There are also pair work and speaking, listening, and reading, as well as drama and video activities to build fluency and encourage risk-taking in the target language.Chock full of low-prep, engaging ideas, Building Proficiency for World Language Learners is an essential tool for world language and ESL teachers.
Building Proficiency for World Language Learners: 100+ High-Interest Activities
by Janina KlimasThis innovative book offers over 100 engaging and effective activities that busy teachers can use to help students become confident, comfortable, and proficient learners, acquirers, and communicators in new languages. Many activities can be adapted to different languages and levels in secondary-level language courses.Klimas provides readers with ready-to-use templates, editable posters, as well as multimodal communicative activities such as games, storytelling exercises, ideas for centers, and more. There are also pair work and speaking, listening, and reading, as well as drama and video activities to build fluency and encourage risk-taking in the target language.Chock full of low-prep, engaging ideas, Building Proficiency for World Language Learners is an essential tool for world language and ESL teachers.
Routledge Encyclopedia of Technology and the Humanities
Routledge Encyclopedia of Technology and the Humanities is a pioneer attempt to introduce a wide range of disciplines in the emerging field of techno-humanities to the English-reading world.This book covers topics such as archaeology, cultural heritage, design, fashion, linguistics, music, philosophy, and translation. It has 20 chapters, contributed by 26 local and international scholars. Each chapter has its own theme and addresses issues of significant interest in the respective disciplines. References are provided at the end of each chapter for further exploration into the literature of the relevant areas. To facilitate an easy reading of the information presented in this volume, chapters have been arranged according to the alphabetical order of the topics covered.This Encyclopedia will appeal to researchers and professionals in the field of technology and the humanities, and can be used by undergraduate and graduate students studying the humanities.
Routledge Encyclopedia of Technology and the Humanities
by Chan Sin-Wai Mak Kin-Wah Leung Sze MingRoutledge Encyclopedia of Technology and the Humanities is a pioneer attempt to introduce a wide range of disciplines in the emerging field of techno-humanities to the English-reading world.This book covers topics such as archaeology, cultural heritage, design, fashion, linguistics, music, philosophy, and translation. It has 20 chapters, contributed by 26 local and international scholars. Each chapter has its own theme and addresses issues of significant interest in the respective disciplines. References are provided at the end of each chapter for further exploration into the literature of the relevant areas. To facilitate an easy reading of the information presented in this volume, chapters have been arranged according to the alphabetical order of the topics covered.This Encyclopedia will appeal to researchers and professionals in the field of technology and the humanities, and can be used by undergraduate and graduate students studying the humanities.