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Assimilation And Empire: Uniformity In French And British Colonies, 1541-1954

Assimilation was an ideology central to European expansion and colonisation, an ideology which legitimised colonisation for centuries. Assimilation and Empire shows that the aspiration for assimilation was not only driven by materialistic reasons, but was also motivated by ideas. The engine of assimilation was found in the combination of two powerful ideas: the European philosophical conception of human perfectibility and the idea of the modern state. Europeans wanted to create, in their empires, political and cultural forms they valued and wanted to realise in their own societies, but which did not yet exist. Saliha Belmessous examines three imperial experiments - seventeenth- and eighteenth-century New France, nineteenth-century British Australia, and nineteenth and twentieth-century French Algeria - and reveals the complex inter-relationship between policies of assimilation, which were driven by a desire for perfection and universality, and the greatest challenge to those policies, discourses of race, which were based upon perceptions of difference. Neither colonised nor European peoples themselves were able to conform to the ideals given as the object of assimilation. Yet, the deep links between assimilation and empire remained because at no point since the sixteenth century has the utopian project of perfection - articulated through the progressive theory of history - been placed seriously in question. The failure of assimilation pursued through empire, for both colonised and coloniser, reveals the futility of the historical pursuit of perfection.

Assimilation oder Segregation?: Anpassungsprozesse von Einwanderern in Deutschland

Assisted Conception: Research, Ethics and Law (Routledge Revivals)

This title was first published in 2003. Assisted conception is an area where it often seems that all the ethical and legal issues have been covered and then technology advances and the discussions start all over again. The book is an anthology of papers presented during a project looking at thearaputic research in assisted conception (TRAC). It is divided into three areas addressing research, ethics and law. Each chapter begins with an overview of the issues, with the aim being to present new perspectives rather than covering old ground. The European Convention on Human rights and Biomedicine came into force on December 1, 1999. The Convention allows thearaputic research and research on spare embryos but forbid fundamental research, which may be essential to the safe development of new techniques. This also means that people may become part of an experimental process without their consent. The project brings together clinicians, embryologists, lawyers and ethicists to ascertain whether there might be a risk of infertility patients being exposed to insufficiently tested procedures and to see if there is a need for fundamental research in this area. It also looks at the legislative safeguards that exist and whether a European standard for treatment should be set.

Assisted Conception: Research, Ethics and Law (Routledge Revivals)

This title was first published in 2003. Assisted conception is an area where it often seems that all the ethical and legal issues have been covered and then technology advances and the discussions start all over again. The book is an anthology of papers presented during a project looking at thearaputic research in assisted conception (TRAC). It is divided into three areas addressing research, ethics and law. Each chapter begins with an overview of the issues, with the aim being to present new perspectives rather than covering old ground. The European Convention on Human rights and Biomedicine came into force on December 1, 1999. The Convention allows thearaputic research and research on spare embryos but forbid fundamental research, which may be essential to the safe development of new techniques. This also means that people may become part of an experimental process without their consent. The project brings together clinicians, embryologists, lawyers and ethicists to ascertain whether there might be a risk of infertility patients being exposed to insufficiently tested procedures and to see if there is a need for fundamental research in this area. It also looks at the legislative safeguards that exist and whether a European standard for treatment should be set.

Assistenzinteraktionen: Zur Interaktionsordnung in der persönlichen Assistenz körperbehinderter Menschen

Das Modell der „Persönlichen Assistenz“ soll dazu beitragen, die Selbstbestimmtheit von Menschen mit körperlichen Behinderungen zu ermöglichen. Lakshmi S. Kotsch geht der Frage nach, welche Konsequenzen das Selbstbestimmungspostulat für die Interaktionen in den davon betroffenen Hilfebeziehungen hat. Die videographisch angelegte Studie zeigt, dass sich Assistenzinteraktionen tatsächlich nach den Relevanzen der Assistenznehmer richten und insofern deren „Selbstbestimmtheit“ (im Verständnis der Assistenzidee) ermöglichen. Der Blick auf die Details von Assistenzinteraktionen macht aber auch deutlich, dass der Spielraum, die einzelnen Interaktionen zu gestalten, wesentlich größer ist, als es das Assistenzmodell konzeptionell vorsieht.

Assistiert Altern: Die Entwicklung digitaler Technologien für und mit älteren Menschen (Altern & Gesellschaft)

Digitale Assistenztechnologien sollen ältere Menschen unterstützen, auch bei altersbedingten Einschränkungen möglichst lange selbstbestimmt leben zu können. Wie aber werden diese Technologien entwickelt? Welche Vorstellungen von Alter(n) spielen dabei eine Rolle? Wie werden ältere Menschen in die Technikentwicklung eingebunden? Und welche Ziele verfolgen Politik, Technikentwickler*innen und Gesellschaft mit der Entwicklung digitaler Asssistenztechnologien? Das Buch gibt anhand einer ethnographischen Studie Antworten auf diese Fragen und zeigt auf, welche Voraussetzungen in Forschung und Entwicklung geschaffen werden müssen, damit digitale Technologien den Bedürfnissen älterer Menschen entsprechen und sie in ihrem Alltag unterstützen.

Assistive Gesellschaft: Multidisziplinäre Erkundungen zur Sozialform „Assistenz“ (Öffentliche Wissenschaft und gesellschaftlicher Wandel)

Die Beiträge des Buches befassen sich mit der Frage, was ‚Gesellschaft‘ bedeutet, wenn nahezu alle Lebensbereiche assistiert werden. Ob Blindenhund, Butler oder Assistent der Geschäftsführung, Herzschrittmacher oder Navigationssystem, Pflegeroboter oder Ambient Assisted Living - wir werden assistiert von anderen Personen und Lebewesen, und immer häufiger auch von Technologien und Artefakten. Diesen Assistenten kommt eine spezifische und neue Rolle zu: sie beschützen, sie helfen, sie steuern uns. Prozesse der Assistierung in Lebens- und Arbeitswelt werden oft im Einklang mit sich steigernden Kompensations- und Effizienzversprechen vorangetrieben. Aber wie gestaltet sich Assistenz konkret? Welche Wechselwirkungen entstehen zwischen den beteiligten Instanzen? Und welche gesellschaftlichen Dynamiken und unbeabsichtigten Folgen sind damit verbunden? Darauf versucht der Sammelband Antworten zu geben.

Assistive Technologies for the Interaction of the Elderly: The Development of a Communication Device for the Elderly with Complementing Illustrations and Examples (Advanced Technologies and Societal Change)

This book presents a wealth of insights and new conceptualizations for the development of Assistive Technologies for the Interaction of the Elderly. The book arranges the chapters according to important aspects of maximizing the use value in innovation projects. Every chapter will include an executive summary reporting the main results, a storyline using everyday language, and scientific excursions, wherever useful. The book shows how an innovation project should be structured towards maximum use value and how a project should be structured in order to make a difference. It describes the useful categorization of the large group of the elderly to maximize the focus of the innovation and demonstrates the user involvement into innovation activities. Of course, the assessment of such innovative projects is discussed as well as the “lessons learned”. The book also explores the business opportunities and the financial evaluation of aspects of assistive technology.

Association Football: A Study in Figurational Sociology (Routledge Research in Sports History)

This book presents a synthesis of the work on early football undertaken by the authors over the past two decades. It explores aspects of a figurational approach to sociology to examine the early development of football rules in the middle part of the nineteenth century. The book tests Dunning’s status rivalry hypothesis to contest Harvey’s view of football’s development which stresses an influential sub-culture outside the public schools. Status Rivalry re-states the primacy of these latter institutions in the growth of football and without it the sport’s story would remain skewed and unbalanced for future generations.

Association Football: A Study in Figurational Sociology (Routledge Research in Sports History)

This book presents a synthesis of the work on early football undertaken by the authors over the past two decades. It explores aspects of a figurational approach to sociology to examine the early development of football rules in the middle part of the nineteenth century. The book tests Dunning’s status rivalry hypothesis to contest Harvey’s view of football’s development which stresses an influential sub-culture outside the public schools. Status Rivalry re-states the primacy of these latter institutions in the growth of football and without it the sport’s story would remain skewed and unbalanced for future generations.

Associative Democracy and the Crises of Representative Democracies (Critiques and Alternatives to Capitalism)

The familiar problems of democratic capitalism have given way to a deep crisis challenging the basic forms of governance introduced around the late 18th century and then gradually expanded and developed until the late 20th century. Associative Democracy and the Crises of Representative Democracies argues that we are in urgent need of normative guidelines and a strong understanding of a broad range of institutional options and innovative experiments in associative democracy in order to address the structural problems that existing institutional arrangements are confronted with whilst maintaining and strengthening democratic forms of government and governance. The argument is developed against the background of a thorough survey of empirical social scientific studies on the crises of capitalisms and representative democracies. This book focuses primarily on democratic alternatives, though it also works out principles and institutions of democratic socialism as alternatives to capitalism. After introducing the theoretical approach, the book illustrates the ways this framework of analysis can be of use, with particular focus on three issues that are highly topical when it comes to the challenges our institutions are confronted with: democratic governance in relation to ecological crises and uncertainty; the threats to democracy raised by the crisis of political parties and representative party-democracy, and the challenges related to privatization and marketization of public services, particularly in healthcare. The book concludes by exploring opportunities to democratize the economy, locating viable alternatives to capitalism in the tradition of democratic socialism. This urgent and thought-provoking book will be of great interest to academics and students in various disciplines in the humanities and social sciences, including political science, sociology, and economics.

Associative Democracy and the Crises of Representative Democracies (Critiques and Alternatives to Capitalism)

The familiar problems of democratic capitalism have given way to a deep crisis challenging the basic forms of governance introduced around the late 18th century and then gradually expanded and developed until the late 20th century. Associative Democracy and the Crises of Representative Democracies argues that we are in urgent need of normative guidelines and a strong understanding of a broad range of institutional options and innovative experiments in associative democracy in order to address the structural problems that existing institutional arrangements are confronted with whilst maintaining and strengthening democratic forms of government and governance. The argument is developed against the background of a thorough survey of empirical social scientific studies on the crises of capitalisms and representative democracies. This book focuses primarily on democratic alternatives, though it also works out principles and institutions of democratic socialism as alternatives to capitalism. After introducing the theoretical approach, the book illustrates the ways this framework of analysis can be of use, with particular focus on three issues that are highly topical when it comes to the challenges our institutions are confronted with: democratic governance in relation to ecological crises and uncertainty; the threats to democracy raised by the crisis of political parties and representative party-democracy, and the challenges related to privatization and marketization of public services, particularly in healthcare. The book concludes by exploring opportunities to democratize the economy, locating viable alternatives to capitalism in the tradition of democratic socialism. This urgent and thought-provoking book will be of great interest to academics and students in various disciplines in the humanities and social sciences, including political science, sociology, and economics.

The Associative Economy: Insights beyond the Welfare State and into Post-Capitalism

Are Welfare States in crisis? Forty years after Gunnar Myrdal's seminal Beyond the Welfare State it is still little grasped in the 'reform' debate that the whole structure and economies of our societies are being transformed. This book reasserts the importance of a new employment and productive model - that of the 'associative economy' - which integrates social solidarity with economic planning.

Assumptions of Social Psychology: A Reexamination

This book is a thorough revision of the successful Assumptions of Social Psychology, first published in 1969. Reexamining the implicit and explicit assumptions concerning inquiry as to the nature of the human organism, it takes as its major thesis the idea that the epistemologies utilized by social psychologists -- encompassing behavioral, intentional, and historical analyses -- are complementary rather than contradictory. After examining key figures in the history of Western epistemology, such as Descartes, Vico, Hume, and Kant, contemporary issues such as the nature of causation, intentions, behavior, rhetoric, and hermeneutics are discussed. A major thesis is that the epistemologies utilized by social scientists encompassing behavioral, cognitive, and historical analyses are complimentary rather than contradictory. In order to demonstrate this, the historical underpinnings of social psychological epistemologies and an argument for the complimentarity of major social psychological theoretical approaches are developed. Most importantly, some of the possibilities for building explanation of social phenomena, which are alternatives to existing forms of explanation, are discussed.

Assumptions of Social Psychology: A Reexamination

This book is a thorough revision of the successful Assumptions of Social Psychology, first published in 1969. Reexamining the implicit and explicit assumptions concerning inquiry as to the nature of the human organism, it takes as its major thesis the idea that the epistemologies utilized by social psychologists -- encompassing behavioral, intentional, and historical analyses -- are complementary rather than contradictory. After examining key figures in the history of Western epistemology, such as Descartes, Vico, Hume, and Kant, contemporary issues such as the nature of causation, intentions, behavior, rhetoric, and hermeneutics are discussed. A major thesis is that the epistemologies utilized by social scientists encompassing behavioral, cognitive, and historical analyses are complimentary rather than contradictory. In order to demonstrate this, the historical underpinnings of social psychological epistemologies and an argument for the complimentarity of major social psychological theoretical approaches are developed. Most importantly, some of the possibilities for building explanation of social phenomena, which are alternatives to existing forms of explanation, are discussed.

Ästhetik des Angenehmen: Städtische Freiräume zwischen professioneller Ästhetik und Laiengeschmack

Architekten haben andere ästhetische Vorstellungen als Laien. Zudem täuschen sie sich auch über den Laiengeschmack und dies umso mehr, je weiter ihre professionellen ästhetischen Vorstellungen vom Laiengeschmack abweichen. Diese Diskrepanz zwischen professioneller Ästhetik und dem Laiengeschmack ist Gegenstand dieser Untersuchung. Es soll also einerseits herausgearbeitet werden, welche ästhetischen Ansprüche die Bevölkerung an städtische Freiräume hat, andererseits inwieweit und worin sich diese von der professionellen Ästhetik der Landschaftsarchitekten unterscheiden. Die These ist, dass diese Unterschiede gerade in den letzten Jahrzehnten eher größer geworden sind.

Ästhetik und Organisation: Ästhetisierung und Inszenierung von Organisation, Arbeit und Management (Organisation und Gesellschaft)

Die Beiträge des Bandes diskutieren die Ästhetisierung und Inszenierung von Arbeit, Organisation und Management im Kontext der Diagnose eines ästhetischen Kapitalismus, einer fortschreitenden Kulturalisierung der Ökonomie und des Aufstiegs kreativer, immaterieller und ästhetischer Arbeit. Unternehmen, Arbeitsprozesse, Produkte und Dienstleistungen geraten zunehmend in den Fokus ästhetischer Gestaltung – es geht um Aussehen, Ausstrahlung, Glanz und Atmosphäre. Der Band thematisiert dabei auch problematische Effekte einer Ökonomisierung des Ästhetischen und einer Ästhetisierung der Ökonomie und erschließt somit neue Perspektiven für eine kritische Organisationsforschung.

Ästhetiken in Kindheit und Jugend: Sozialisation im Spannungsfeld von Kreativität, Konsum und Distinktion (Edition Kulturwissenschaft #100)

In Kindheit und Jugend ist eine Auseinandersetzung mit ästhetischen Darstellungs- und Wahrnehmungsweisen hochgradig relevant. Die Bedeutsamkeit ästhetischer Positionierungen - etwa durch die Wahl der Kleidung oder Accessoires, durch Make-up oder technische Geräte - kann einerseits als Anzeichen einer sehr erfolgreichen Kommerzialisierung von Kindheit und Jugend gedeutet werden. Andererseits zeugt sie aber auch von einem Gespür, mit dem sich Kinder und Jugendliche die Alltagswelt, in der sie leben, zu eigen machen. Um die sozialen Verhältnisse von Ästhetiken, Ökonomien und Generationenbeziehungen in den Blick zu nehmen, versammelt dieser interdisziplinäre Band Forschungsperspektiven zu Alltagsästhetiken in Kindheit und Jugend.

Ästhetische Praxis (Kunst und Gesellschaft)

Die bis in unsere Gegenwart hineinreichende Gewissheit, dass es sich bei ästhetischer Praxis um die Praxis von Künstlern und die Wahrnehmung von Kunst durch ein Publikum handeln müsse, ist brüchig geworden. Eine Reihe von Indizien legen den Schluss nahe, dass der Bereich ästhetischer Praktiken und das Kunstfeld in der Gesellschaft eine nur noch partiale Deckung aufweisen. Beispiele für ästhetische Praktiken finden sich in der Mode, der Werbung und dem Design ebenso wie in den neuen Medien sowie in der Musik- und Videospielindustrie. Aber auch Kosmetik-Ketten und Parfümerien, Schönheitschirurgen, Tätowierungsshops, Büros für Inneneinrichtung- und Landschaftsarchitektur, Blumenläden sowie Wellnessbetriebe annoncieren ihre Produkte und Dienstleistungen als ästhetisch. Angesichts des sowohl rasant steigenden Gebrauchs des Adjektivs „ästhetisch“ in der alltäglichen Lebenspraxis als auch des vermehrten wissenschaftlichen Bedürfnisses, das „Ästhetische“ an (bis dato) unverdächtigen Stellen in der Gesellschaft nachzuweisen, sind die Beiträge dieses Bandes entlang einer Leitfragestellung organisiert: Soll man das verstärkte Aufkommen ästhetischer Praktiken in der Gesellschaft in einer eher kulturwissenschaftlichen und -soziologischen Perspektive verstehen und also als eine „Selbstentgrenzung der Künste“? Oder zieht man dazu besser eine zwar nur äußerst selten gebrauchte, nichtsdestotrotz ebenso einprägsame wie aufschlussreiche Formel Adornos heran und begreift die Ästhetisierung der Gesellschaft als eine „Entkunstung der Kunst“?

Ästhetischer Widerstand gegen Zerstörung und Selbstzerstörung (Kunst und Gesellschaft)

In verschiedenen Beiträgen dieses Bandes wird soziologisch und ästhetisch, kunst- und literaturwissenschaftlich erörtert, wie aus ästhetischen Erfahrungen Widerstandskraft gegen Zerstörung und Selbstzerstörung entwickelt wird. Es wird gezeigt, dass Kunst und Gesellschaft nicht ohne ästhetischen Widerstand zu machen sind. Dieser äußert sich nicht nur in der Produktion und in der Rezeption von Kunst, sondern auch in vielfältigen Praxen der Lebenswelt. Welche Rolle spielt ästhetische Erfahrung heute für die Fragen des guten Lebens und wie ist Ästhetik mit dem Leben selbst verbunden? Wie kann das Verhältnis von Ethik und Ästhetik heute gesellschaftlich und politisch gedacht und vermittelt werden? Und vor allem: Wie kann der Destruktionsdynamik als Sucht und Sog gesellschaftlicher Selbstzerstörung durch ästhetischen Widerstand wirksam Einhalt geboten werden?

Astrobiology and Society in Europe Today (SpringerBriefs in Astronomy)

This White Paper describes the state of astrobiology in Europe today and its relation to the European society at large. With contributions from authors in twenty countries and over thirty scientific institutions worldwide, the document illustrates the societal implications of astrobiology and the positive contribution that astrobiology can make to European society. The White paper has two main objectives: 1. It recommends the establishment of a European Astrobiology Institute (EAI) as an answer to a series of challenges relating to astrobiology but also European research, education and the society at large. 2. It also acknowledges the societal implications of astrobiology, and thus the role of the social sciences and humanities in optimizing the positive contribution that astrobiology can make to the lives of the people of Europe and the challenges they face.This book is recommended reading for science policy makers, the interested public, and the astrobiology community.

Astrobiology, History, and Society: Life Beyond Earth and the Impact of Discovery (Advances in Astrobiology and Biogeophysics)

This book addresses important current and historical topics in astrobiology and the search for life beyond Earth, including the search for extraterrestrial intelligence (SETI). The first section covers the plurality of worlds debate from antiquity through the nineteenth century, while section two covers the extraterrestrial life debate from the twentieth century to the present. The final section examines the societal impact of discovering life beyond Earth, including both cultural and religious dimensions. Throughout the book, authors draw links between their own chapters and those of other contributors, emphasizing the interconnections between the various strands of the history and societal impact of the search for extraterrestrial life.The chapters are all written by internationally recognized experts and are carefully edited by Douglas Vakoch, professor of clinical psychology at the California Institute of Integral Studies and Director of Interstellar Message Composition at the SETI Institute.This interdisciplinary book will benefit everybody trying to understand the meaning of astrobiology and SETI for our human society.

Astrology in India: A Sociological Inquiry

This book critically examines the larger world of astrology in India, its ubiquity and relationship with religion, caste, gender, class and aspirations. It looks at astrology through an empirical and phenomenological lens, analyzing different meanings and questions associated with it. How do people see astrology—as magic, science, religion, or a knowledge system? The volume analyses the role of astrology in religious and social ceremonies; the interplay of faith and fear; beliefs, practices, mysticism, and skepticism in middle-class households; and gendered negotiations in everyday life. It also delves into how astrology has emerged as a livelihood and an industry, the continued fascination with it even in an era of technological advancement, and its domination of the vernacular media. Insightful and highly comprehensive, this book will be useful for scholars and researchers of sociology, political sociology, social anthropology, anthropology, cultural studies, gender studies and urban Sociology.

Astrology in India: A Sociological Inquiry

This book critically examines the larger world of astrology in India, its ubiquity and relationship with religion, caste, gender, class and aspirations. It looks at astrology through an empirical and phenomenological lens, analyzing different meanings and questions associated with it. How do people see astrology—as magic, science, religion, or a knowledge system? The volume analyses the role of astrology in religious and social ceremonies; the interplay of faith and fear; beliefs, practices, mysticism, and skepticism in middle-class households; and gendered negotiations in everyday life. It also delves into how astrology has emerged as a livelihood and an industry, the continued fascination with it even in an era of technological advancement, and its domination of the vernacular media. Insightful and highly comprehensive, this book will be useful for scholars and researchers of sociology, political sociology, social anthropology, anthropology, cultural studies, gender studies and urban Sociology.

Astrology in the Workplace: The Zodiac Guide to Creating Great Working Relationships

Have you ever wondered what makes your work colleagues tick? Is your boss a firebrand, a visionary or someone you can always turn to? Are your colleagues creative or intensely practical? World-renowned astrologer, Penny Thornton, stresses the huge influence that zodiac signs have on your working relationships. Discover how to work best with your colleagues or put project teams together: will a feisty Scorpio work well with a pragmatic Taurean, or will an energetic Capricorn lock horns with dogmatic Leo? This book includes: • A guide to each element-fire, earth, air and water • An insight into the curriculum vitae of each sign, their strengths and weaknesses • What each sign is like as a boss and a worker • The best careers for each sign • Tables showing how well each sign relates to other zodiac signs Astrology in the Workplace is an insightful guide full of great advice to improve your working relationships.