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Penguin Readers Level 7: Mrs Dalloway (ELT Graded Reader)
by Virginia WoolfPenguin Readers is an ELT graded reader series for learners of English as a foreign language. With carefully adapted text, new illustrations and language learning exercises, the print edition also includes instructions to access supporting material online.Titles include popular classics, exciting contemporary fiction, and thought-provoking non-fiction, introducing language learners to bestselling authors and compelling content.The eight levels of Penguin Readers follow the Common European Framework of Reference for language learning (CEFR). Exercises at the back of each Reader help language learners to practise grammar, vocabulary, and key exam skills. Before, during and after-reading questions test readers' story comprehension and develop vocabulary.Mrs Dalloway, a Level 7 Reader, is B2 in the CEFR framework. The longer text is made up of sentences with up to four clauses, introducing future perfect simple, mixed conditionals, past perfect continuous, mixed conditionals, more complex passive forms and modals for deduction in the past.On a June morning in 1923, Clarissa Dalloway is preparing for a party she is giving that evening. As she walks through London, her thoughts are of the past and her choice of husband. At the same time, and also in London, Septimus Smith is being driven mad by shell shock. At the party that evening, their stories come together.Visit the Penguin Readers websiteExclusively with the print edition, readers can unlock online resources including a digital book, audio edition, lesson plans and answer keys.
Penguin Readers Starter Level: The Happy Prince (ELT Graded Reader)
by Oscar WildePenguin Readers is an ELT graded reader series. Please note that the eBook edition does NOT include access to the audio edition and digital book. Written for learners of English as a foreign language, each title includes carefully adapted text, new illustrations and language learning exercises.Titles include popular classics, exciting contemporary fiction, and thought-provoking non-fiction, introducing language learners to bestselling authors and compelling content.The eight levels of Penguin Readers follow the Common European Framework of Reference for language learning (CEFR). Exercises at the back of each Reader help language learners to practise grammar, vocabulary, and key exam skills. Before, during and after-reading questions test readers' story comprehension and develop vocabulary.The Happy Prince, a Starter level Reader, is A1 in the CEFR framework. Starter level is ideal for readers who are learning English for the first time. Short sentences contain a maximum of two clauses, using the present simple and continuous tenses, possessives, regular and irregular verbs, and simple adjectives. Illustrations support the text throughout, and many titles at this level are graphic novels.In an old town in England, there is a statue of a happy prince. But the prince is not happy. He can see the sad things in the town. Then he meets a swallow. They help the people.Visit the Penguin Readers websiteRegister to access online resources including tests, worksheets and answer keys. Exclusively with the print edition, readers can unlock a digital book and audio edition (not available with the eBook).
Penguin Readers Starter Level: The Knight's Tale (ELT Graded Reader)
by Geoffrey ChaucerPenguin Readers is an ELT graded reader series for learners of English as a foreign language. With carefully adapted text, new illustrations and language learning exercises, the print edition also includes instructions to access supporting material online.Titles include popular classics, exciting contemporary fiction, and thought-provoking non-fiction, introducing language learners to bestselling authors and compelling content.The eight levels of Penguin Readers follow the Common European Framework of Reference for language learning (CEFR). Exercises at the back of each Reader help language learners to practise grammar, vocabulary, and key exam skills. Before, during and after-reading questions test readers' story comprehension and develop vocabulary.The Knight's Tale, a Starter level Reader, is A1 in the CEFR framework. Starter level is ideal for readers who are learning English for the first time. Short sentences contain a maximum of two clauses, using the present simple and continuous tenses, possessives, regular and irregular verbs, and simple adjectives. Illustrations support the text throughout, and many titles at this level are graphic novels.The Knight's Tale is a very old story about two knights, Arcita and Palamon. The two men love the Queen's sister, Emily. Do they fight for her?Visit the Penguin Readers websiteExclusively with the print edition, readers can unlock online resources including a digital book, audio edition, lesson plans and answer keys.
Perception and Metaphor: A Comparative Perspective Between English and Chinese (China Perspectives)
by Qin Xiugui Tie YiCognitive linguists believe that metaphors are prevalent in human thought, while metaphorical structures are reflected at the linguistic level. Therefore, analysing extensive language data can aid in revealing the metaphorical mappings of embodied experience with the senses of vision, hearing, smell, taste, touch, and temperature. This volume seeks to discover the similarities and differences between the metaphorical systems of the English and Chinese languages. Adopting a comparative view, the authors examine the semantic extensions of perception words in English and Chinese, in order to reveal the metaphorical scope of each sense and the metaphorical system behind it. They argue that the metaphorical systems of the senses not only help us understand and use conventionalised metaphorical expressions but also allow us to create novel expressions. The findings also unveil how abstract concepts are constructed via cognitive mechanisms, such as image schema and metaphor. This title is a useful reference for scholars and students who are interested in cognitive linguistics, comparative linguistics, and the philosophy of language.
Perception and Metaphor: A Comparative Perspective Between English and Chinese (China Perspectives)
by Qin Xiugui Tie YiCognitive linguists believe that metaphors are prevalent in human thought, while metaphorical structures are reflected at the linguistic level. Therefore, analysing extensive language data can aid in revealing the metaphorical mappings of embodied experience with the senses of vision, hearing, smell, taste, touch, and temperature. This volume seeks to discover the similarities and differences between the metaphorical systems of the English and Chinese languages. Adopting a comparative view, the authors examine the semantic extensions of perception words in English and Chinese, in order to reveal the metaphorical scope of each sense and the metaphorical system behind it. They argue that the metaphorical systems of the senses not only help us understand and use conventionalised metaphorical expressions but also allow us to create novel expressions. The findings also unveil how abstract concepts are constructed via cognitive mechanisms, such as image schema and metaphor. This title is a useful reference for scholars and students who are interested in cognitive linguistics, comparative linguistics, and the philosophy of language.
Perception and Production of Mandarin Tones by Native Speakers and L2 Learners
by Bei YangTones are the most challenging aspect of learning Chinese as a second language, and L2 learners’ perceptual categories differ in important and fascinating ways from those of native speakers. This book explores the relationship between tone perception and production among native speakers and non-native learners as illustrated in the experiments the author conducted with native speakers, true learners and heritage learners, all of whom were tested on their ability to produce tones naturally and to perceive 81 synthesized tones in various contexts. The experiments show that each group processes tones differently with regard to both register (tonal level) and contour (tonal shape). The results also reveal how three types of cues – acoustic, psychological and contextual – influence non-native speakers’ tone perception and production.
Perceptual Training on Lexical Stress Contrasts: A Study with Taiwanese Learners of English as a Foreign Language (SpringerBriefs in Linguistics)
by Shu-chen OuThis book presents the effects of perceptual training on the perception of English lexical stress in rising intonation by Mandarin-speaking EFL learners in Taiwan, and shows that these effects can be positive as well as negative. The book is of interest to researchers in lexical stress and intonation, or issues related to acquisition of L2 suprasegmentals and native-language impact on this process, as well as for those designing a training course on lexical stress for EFL learners, particularly those with a tone language background.Learning to perceive non-native sound contrasts can be a formidable task, particularly when learners can’t rely on cues from their native-language experience. A case in point is Mandarin-speaking EFL learners’ perception of lexical stress. They can accurately identify the stress patterns of target words in sentences that have a falling intonation. However, they experience considerable difficulties when the target words are in questions, where the intonation is rising. Where most training studies use only stimuli produced in falling intonation, we implemented a perceptual training program to examine whether Mandarin-speaking EFL learners could learn to perceive English lexical stress in both falling intonation and rising intonation.
Perfect Your French 2E: Teach Yourself
by Jean-Claude ArragonAre you looking for an improver's course in French which will make you sound like a native? If you already know some French and want to take it further, Perfect your French will guarantee success! Taking you from a good GCSE level (level B2 of the Common European Framework), this course teaches you advanced structures and vocabulary so that by the end of the course you will be at GCE Advanced Level, CEF level C1: Can express him/herself fluently and spontaneously without much obvious searching for expressions. Can use language flexibly and effectively for social, academic and professional purposes.Full of authentic texts and dialogues about complex subjects, this course covers a wide range of topics of the sort you will want to talk about when in France and teaches you the kind of everyday language and features of speech that will enable you to communicate with confidence and feel comfortable taking part in conversation with native speakers of France. The choice of material aims to give you something of the flavour of France today and each unit is based around a single theme with lively interviews and conversations on the accompanying recording. There are activities based on the interviews and texts to help you remember what you've learnt and put your knowledge into practice. The units are divided into sessions - to help you organize your learning time and break up the material into manageable chunks - and there are reminders throughout to refresh your memory of points you have learnt.Now fully updated to make your language learning experience fun and interactive. You can still rely on the benefits of a top language teacher and our years of teaching experience, but now with added learning features within the course and online.Learn effortlessly with new, easy-to-read page design and interactive features:NOT GOT MUCH TIME?One, five and ten-minute introductions to key principles to get you started.AUTHOR INSIGHTSLots of instant help with common problems and quick tips for success, based on the author's many years of experience.GRAMMAR TIPSEasy-to-follow building blocks to give you a clear understanding.USEFUL VOCABULARYEasy to find and learn, to build a solid foundation for speaking.DIALOGUESRead and listen to everyday dialogues to help you speak and understand fast.TEST YOURSELFTests in the book and online to keep track of your progress.EXTEND YOUR KNOWLEDGEExtra online articles at: www.teachyourself.com to give you a richer understanding of the culture and history of France.TRY THISInnovative exercises illustrate what you've learnt and how to use it.
Perfect Your German 2E: Teach Yourself Enhanced Amazon
by Heiner Schenke Paul CoogleAre you looking for an improver's course in German which will make you sound like a native? If you already know some German and want to take it further, Perfect your German will guarantee success! Taking you from a good GCSE level (level B2 of the Common European Framework), this course teaches you advanced structures and vocabulary so that by the end of the course you will be at GCE Advanced Level, CEF level C1: Can express him/herself fluently and spontaneously without much obvious searching for expressions. Can use language flexibly and effectively for social, academic and professional purposes.Should be used in conjunction with the CD, Perfect Your German (9781444151046), sold separately.
Perfect Your Italian 2E: Teach Yourself Enhanced Amazon
by Sylvia LymberyAre you looking for an improver's course in Italian which will make you sound like a native? If you already know some Italian and want to take it further, Perfect your Italian will guarantee success! Taking you from a good GCSE level (level B2 of the Common European Framework), this course teaches you advanced structures and vocabulary so that by the end of the course you will be at GCE Advanced Level, CEF level C1: Can express him/herself fluently and spontaneously without much obvious searching for expressions. Can use language flexibly and effectively for social, academic and professional purposes.Full of authentic texts and dialogues about complex subjects, this course covers a wide range of topics of the sort you will want to talk about when in Italy and teaches you the kind of everyday language and features of speech that will enable you to communicate with confidence and feel comfortable taking part in conversation with native speakers of Italy. The choice of material aims to give you something of the flavour of Italy today and each unit is based around a single theme with lively interviews and conversations on the accompanying recording. There are activities based on the interviews and texts to help you remember what you've learnt and put your knowledge into practice. The units are divided into sessions - to help you organize your learning time and break up the material into manageable chunks - and there are reminders throughout to refresh your memory of points you have learnt.Now fully updated to make your language learning experience fun and interactive. You can still rely on the benefits of a top language teacher and our years of teaching experience, but now with added learning features within the course and online.Learn effortlessly with new, easy-to-read page design and interactive features:/p>NOT GOT MUCH TIME?One, five and ten-minute introductions to key principles to get you started.AUTHOR INSIGHTSLots of instant help with common problems and quick tips for success, based on the author's many years of experience.GRAMMAR TIPSEasy-to-follow building blocks to give you a clear understanding.USEFUL VOCABULARYEasy to find and learn, to build a solid foundation for speaking.DIALOGUESRead and listen to everyday dialogues to help you speak and understand fast.TEST YOURSELFTests in the book and online to keep track of your progress.EXTEND YOUR KNOWLEDGEExtra online articles at: www.teachyourself.com to give you a richer understanding of the culture and history of Italy.TRY THISInnovative exercises illustrate what you've learnt and how to use it.
Perform Suzhou: A Course in Intermediate to Advanced Spoken Mandarin
by Xiaobin Jian Jianfen Wang Junqing Jia Chenghua FengPerform Suzhou is a task- and performance-oriented textbook course for Chinese study abroad programs serving intermediate- to advanced-level learners. Performance is the key concept; developing communication skills through role playing. Field performance tasks enable students learning Chinese to refine and solidify communication skills by executing real-life tasks in the target culture, before reporting on their experiences in the classroom. The dialogues presented form the basis for improvisation for related contexts, equipping students to respond appropriately in new situations. Perform Suzhou is composed of staged units, drills, exercises and culture notes with accompanying audio. The textbook is accompanied by audio and Action! China, the supporting workbook.
Perform Suzhou: A Course in Intermediate to Advanced Spoken Mandarin
by Xiaobin Jian Jianfen Wang Junqing Jia Chenghua FengPerform Suzhou is a task- and performance-oriented textbook course for Chinese study abroad programs serving intermediate- to advanced-level learners. Performance is the key concept; developing communication skills through role playing. Field performance tasks enable students learning Chinese to refine and solidify communication skills by executing real-life tasks in the target culture, before reporting on their experiences in the classroom. The dialogues presented form the basis for improvisation for related contexts, equipping students to respond appropriately in new situations. Perform Suzhou is composed of staged units, drills, exercises and culture notes with accompanying audio. The textbook is accompanied by audio and Action! China, the supporting workbook.
Performative Language Teaching in Early Education: Language Learning through Drama and the Arts for Children 3–7
by Joe WinstonThis book introduces the application of drama and arts-related activities to the teaching of English as a second or additional language in early education. Joe Winston draws on both his own scholarly expertise and experience as a practitioner to provide a theoretical rationale, practical examples, tips and easy-to-read teaching guides intended to help busy professionals apply drama related methods in an efficient and accessible way. Detailed examples of schemes of work are included for all year groups and developmental stages between the ages of 3 and 7 years of age. Each scheme centres on a popular and easily obtainable picturebook or children's story. Detailed guidance on how to plan and structure lessons with specific learning objectives is offered, as is extensive advice on issues of classroom management. The practical approaches have been used successfully in early years settings in China and primary and pre-primary settings in the UK, and are adaptable to a variety of national and cultural contexts.
Performative Language Teaching in Early Education: Language Learning through Drama and the Arts for Children 3–7
by Joe WinstonThis book introduces the application of drama and arts-related activities to the teaching of English as a second or additional language in early education. Joe Winston draws on both his own scholarly expertise and experience as a practitioner to provide a theoretical rationale, practical examples, tips and easy-to-read teaching guides intended to help busy professionals apply drama related methods in an efficient and accessible way. Detailed examples of schemes of work are included for all year groups and developmental stages between the ages of 3 and 7 years of age. Each scheme centres on a popular and easily obtainable picturebook or children's story. Detailed guidance on how to plan and structure lessons with specific learning objectives is offered, as is extensive advice on issues of classroom management. The practical approaches have been used successfully in early years settings in China and primary and pre-primary settings in the UK, and are adaptable to a variety of national and cultural contexts.
Performed Culture in Action to Teach Chinese as a Foreign Language: Integrating PCA into Curriculum, Pedagogy, and Assessment (Routledge Research in Language Education)
by Jianfen Wang Junqing Jessie JiaThis volume explores best practices in implementing the Performed Culture Approach (PCA) in teaching Chinese as a foreign language (CFL).Offering a range of chapters that demonstrate how PCA has been successfully applied to curriculum, instructional design, and assessment in CFL programs and classrooms at various levels, this text shows how PCA’s culture-focused paradigm differs fundamentally from the general communicative language teaching (CLT) framework and highlights how it can inspire innovative methods to better support learners’ ability to navigate target culture and overcome communication barriers. Additional applications of PCA in the development of learner identity, intercultural competence, autonomy, and motivation are also considered.Bridging theoretical innovations and the practice of curriculum design and implementation, this work will be of value to researchers, teacher trainers, and graduate students interested in Chinese teaching and learning, especially those with an interest in incorporating performance into foreign language curriculums with the goal of integrating language and culture.
Performed Culture in Action to Teach Chinese as a Foreign Language: Integrating PCA into Curriculum, Pedagogy, and Assessment (Routledge Research in Language Education)
by Jianfen Wang Junqing Jessie JiaThis volume explores best practices in implementing the Performed Culture Approach (PCA) in teaching Chinese as a foreign language (CFL).Offering a range of chapters that demonstrate how PCA has been successfully applied to curriculum, instructional design, and assessment in CFL programs and classrooms at various levels, this text shows how PCA’s culture-focused paradigm differs fundamentally from the general communicative language teaching (CLT) framework and highlights how it can inspire innovative methods to better support learners’ ability to navigate target culture and overcome communication barriers. Additional applications of PCA in the development of learner identity, intercultural competence, autonomy, and motivation are also considered.Bridging theoretical innovations and the practice of curriculum design and implementation, this work will be of value to researchers, teacher trainers, and graduate students interested in Chinese teaching and learning, especially those with an interest in incorporating performance into foreign language curriculums with the goal of integrating language and culture.
Persian: A Comprehensive Grammar (Routledge Comprehensive Grammars)
by Saeed YousefPersian: A Comprehensive Grammar is a complete reference guide to the grammar system for intermediate to advanced learners of Persian. It presents an accessible and systematic description of the language, focusing on real patterns of use in contemporary Persian. The book is organised to promote a thorough understanding of Persian; its structure, its sound system and the formation of words, phrases and sentence construction. It offers a stimulating analysis of the complexities of the language, providing clear explanations and examples of each point. Persian: A Comprehensive Grammar is the essential reference work on Persian grammar for all learners and users of the language.
Persian Academic Reading
by Abbas AghdassiPersian Academic Reading (PAR) is the first textbook for advanced learners of Persian/Farsi who are interested in learning academic Persian. No other textbook teaches skills required to comprehend modern academic Persian. This textbook includes passages selected from a diverse number of fields including history, philosophy, cultural studies, political sciences, economics, literature, religious studies, and tourism. The book covers the essential reading skills an advanced learner needs to understand texts in humanities and social sciences. Numerous exercises in each unit help learners master many frequent terms and phrases in modern academic Persian. A variety of exercises ensure maximized exposure to current discourses in academic Persian. Each unit offers several optional exercises for learners who would like to practise writing in academic Persian. Unlike many other textbooks, the contents of the book are all authentic passages published in Persian journals. This selection guarantees the reliability and validity of each text. Instead of dealing with fictitious texts by one single author, readers are provided with real texts of different styles and tastes. This textbook comprises fourteen units and can be a serious choice for students of undergraduate and graduate levels with a strong background in modern Persian. It can also help practitioners and professionals interested in Persian to improve their knowledge of academic Persian. This book comes with a comprehensive key to assist learners interested in self-study. Persian Academic Reading (PAR) is a pioneering textbook in accommodating the reading skills of learners who would like to unlock doors to a plethora of academic texts in Persian.
Persian Grammar: For Reference and Revision
by John MaceThis is a book for reference and revision, especially for those in the early stages of studying the Persian language. It uses the official reformed spelling, and gives attention to handwriting, educated standard and educated colloquial pronunciation, and the important polite forms. The grammar is explained with copious examples, all shown both in Persian script and in Roman transliteration. The grammatical themes are grouped logically, and there are cross-references, appendices and a subject index to facilitate the search for the right form.
Persian in International Relations and Foreign Policy: A Content-Based Approach
by Mohamad Esmaili-Sardari Daria MizzaPersian in International Relations and Foreign Policy develops the reader’s command of the Persian language via thematic units that explore global issues involving contemporary Iran. The textbook features six units covering a broad range of themes with 12 corresponding topic-based lessons that are logically intertwined and introduced through authentic Persian resources. Starting from the Shah’s ousting in the pivotal year of 1979, each unit presents unique perspectives on important moments in history and their impact on social, demographic, economic, and environmental issues in Iran today. Every unit contains a wide array of skills-focused and practice activities, which are carefully scaffolded to support learners as they develop and consolidate their reading, writing, speaking, and listening skills with vocabulary and language structures specific to the lesson. Accompanying multimedia content, further resources along with grammar and vocabulary sheets are available for download at www.routledge.com/9781138347199 . The textbook facilitates attainment of the American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages (ACTFL) Advanced High level and the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR) C1 level, respectively, and it is designed for students who have achieved the ACTFL’s Intermediate High or CEFR’s B1 proficiency standards.
Persian in International Relations and Foreign Policy: A Content-Based Approach
by Mohamad Esmaili-Sardari Daria MizzaPersian in International Relations and Foreign Policy develops the reader’s command of the Persian language via thematic units that explore global issues involving contemporary Iran. The textbook features six units covering a broad range of themes with 12 corresponding topic-based lessons that are logically intertwined and introduced through authentic Persian resources. Starting from the Shah’s ousting in the pivotal year of 1979, each unit presents unique perspectives on important moments in history and their impact on social, demographic, economic, and environmental issues in Iran today. Every unit contains a wide array of skills-focused and practice activities, which are carefully scaffolded to support learners as they develop and consolidate their reading, writing, speaking, and listening skills with vocabulary and language structures specific to the lesson. Accompanying multimedia content, further resources along with grammar and vocabulary sheets are available for download at www.routledge.com/9781138347199 . The textbook facilitates attainment of the American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages (ACTFL) Advanced High level and the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR) C1 level, respectively, and it is designed for students who have achieved the ACTFL’s Intermediate High or CEFR’s B1 proficiency standards.
Perspectives on Aspect (Studies in Theoretical Psycholinguistics #32)
by Henriette De Swart Angeliek Van Hout Henk J. VerkuylThis book offers both a retrospective view on how theories of aspectuality have developed over the past 30 years, and presents current, new directions of aspectuality research. The articles in this book take a wide crosslinguistic scope including aspectual analyses of the following languages: English and two varieties of English: African American English and Colloquial Singapore English, Italian, French, Bulgarian, Czech, Mandarin Chinese, West-Greenlandic, Wakashan languages, and Nahk-Daghestanian languages.
Perspectives on Language Assessment Literacy: Challenges for Improved Student Learning
by Sahbi HidriPerspectives on Language Assessment Literacy describes how the elements of language assessment literacy can help teachers gather information about when and how to assess learners, and about using the appropriate assessment tools to interpret results in a fair way. It provides highlights from past and current research, descriptions of assessment processes that enhance LAL, case studies from classrooms, and suggestions for professional dialogue and collaboration. This book will help to foster continuous learning, empower learners and teachers and make them more confident in their assessment tasks, and reassure decision makers that what is going on in assessment meets international benchmarks and standards. It addresses issues like concepts and challenges of assessment, the impacts of reflective feedback on assessment, the ontogenetic nature of assessment literacy, the reliability of classroom-based assessment, and interfaces between teaching and assessment. It fills this gap in the literature by addressing the current status and future challenges of language assessment literacy. This book will be of great interest for academics, researchers, and post-graduate students in the fields of language assessment literacy and English language teaching.
Perspectives on Language Assessment Literacy: Challenges for Improved Student Learning
by Sahbi HidriPerspectives on Language Assessment Literacy describes how the elements of language assessment literacy can help teachers gather information about when and how to assess learners, and about using the appropriate assessment tools to interpret results in a fair way. It provides highlights from past and current research, descriptions of assessment processes that enhance LAL, case studies from classrooms, and suggestions for professional dialogue and collaboration. This book will help to foster continuous learning, empower learners and teachers and make them more confident in their assessment tasks, and reassure decision makers that what is going on in assessment meets international benchmarks and standards. It addresses issues like concepts and challenges of assessment, the impacts of reflective feedback on assessment, the ontogenetic nature of assessment literacy, the reliability of classroom-based assessment, and interfaces between teaching and assessment. It fills this gap in the literature by addressing the current status and future challenges of language assessment literacy. This book will be of great interest for academics, researchers, and post-graduate students in the fields of language assessment literacy and English language teaching.
Perspektiven der Germanistik: Neueste Ansichten zu einem alten Problem
by Anne Bentfeld Walter DelabarDurch hohe Studentenzahlen, lange Studienzeiten, schlechte Berufsaussichten und akuten Finanzmangel in Bedrängnis gebracht, ist die Germanistik in die Schlagzeilen geraten. Die erste Krise ist dies freilich nicht, und es scheint bisweilen, als werde hier nur eine schlechte Tradition fortgesetzt. Bei näherem Hinsehen wird jedoch deutlich, wie nötig die Diskussion über die Lage und die Perspektiven des Fachs ist. Dies in dreierlei Hinsicht: Studienstrukturen, -pläne und -verläufe, Universitäts- und Fachstrukturen und fachliche sowie thematische Schwerpunkte und Innovationen sind betroffen. Das Fach muß sich den neuen Verhältnissen und Bedürfnissen anpassen; nicht zuletzt auch die geänderte Funktion von literarischen Texten im Kontext der (Neuen) Medien stärker berücksichtigen. Der Band stellt die in den letzten Jahren entwickelten Konzepte und Vorschläge vor.