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Lotteries

Economic pressure on states in the 1980s have led a number in this country to market lotteries in an unprecedentedly aggressive manner. This book was inspired by the author's experience with the New Jersey state lottery during a period of major growth. Karcher examines lotteries from a historical, psychological, and philosophical perspective, offering a reflective and cogent explanation of their popularity. He looks at the fluctuating popularity of state-sponsored gambling and the consequent peaking and fattening of revenues, exposing the measures lottery commissions sometimes take in order to increase revenues.Self policed lottery commissions, he predicts, will resort to marketing abuses and increasingly prey upon the poor if they are given unbridled power to act. Karcher suggests thoughtful, easily implemented, and constructive reforms. As more state governments inevitably turn to lotteries as a way out of tax dilemmas, this book will contribute to the public discourse on this important policy issue.

Making the Economy Work

This volume contains a series of essays which examine microeconomic or structural issues and attempt to explain why alternative prescriptions to monetarism could have avoided the massive rise in unemployment in the 1980s. Policies are suggested which could reduce and stabilize unemployment levels.

The Management of Human Settlements in Developing Countries: Case Studies in the Application of Microcomputers

Originally published in 1990 and unique in terms of diversity and extent, this book covers a wide geographical area, including Jamaica, Tunisia, Malaysia, India, Mauritius, Turkey, Jordan, Cyprus and Panama. Combining an emphasis on actual practice with an awareness of the wider implications of the use of high tech in developing countries, it looks at how computers can be a force for change. The book looks at more than twenty case studies of the use of personal computers for the planning and management of human settlements in developing countries.

The Management of Human Settlements in Developing Countries: Case Studies in the Application of Microcomputers

Originally published in 1990 and unique in terms of diversity and extent, this book covers a wide geographical area, including Jamaica, Tunisia, Malaysia, India, Mauritius, Turkey, Jordan, Cyprus and Panama. Combining an emphasis on actual practice with an awareness of the wider implications of the use of high tech in developing countries, it looks at how computers can be a force for change. The book looks at more than twenty case studies of the use of personal computers for the planning and management of human settlements in developing countries.

Marx and the Missing Link: Human Nature

Masochism and the Self

This volume provides an integrative theory firmly grounded in current psychology of the self, and offers a fresh, compelling account of one of psychology's most enigmatic behavior patterns. Professor Baumeister provides comprehensive coverage of historical and cross-cultural theories and empirical data on masochism and presents recent, original data drawn from a large data set of anonymous masochistic scripts of fantasies and favorite experiences. Drawn from the latest social psychological research and theories, Professor Baumeister returns the emphasis to the original and proto-typical form of masochism -- sexual masochism - - and explains these phenomena as a means of releasing the individual from the burden of self-awareness. It is the first volume to present a psychological theory compatible with the mounting evidence that most masochists are not mentally ill nor does masochism derives from sadism. Instead, Professor Baumeister finds that masochism emerges as an escapist response to the problematic nature of selfhood and he attempts to foster an understanding of sexual masochism that emphasizes both "escape from self" and "construction of meaning" hypotheses. The book is directed at all those interested in the self and identity in paradoxical behavior patterns and in the construction of meaning, presenting specific clinical recommendations.

Masochism and the Self

This volume provides an integrative theory firmly grounded in current psychology of the self, and offers a fresh, compelling account of one of psychology's most enigmatic behavior patterns. Professor Baumeister provides comprehensive coverage of historical and cross-cultural theories and empirical data on masochism and presents recent, original data drawn from a large data set of anonymous masochistic scripts of fantasies and favorite experiences. Drawn from the latest social psychological research and theories, Professor Baumeister returns the emphasis to the original and proto-typical form of masochism -- sexual masochism - - and explains these phenomena as a means of releasing the individual from the burden of self-awareness. It is the first volume to present a psychological theory compatible with the mounting evidence that most masochists are not mentally ill nor does masochism derives from sadism. Instead, Professor Baumeister finds that masochism emerges as an escapist response to the problematic nature of selfhood and he attempts to foster an understanding of sexual masochism that emphasizes both "escape from self" and "construction of meaning" hypotheses. The book is directed at all those interested in the self and identity in paradoxical behavior patterns and in the construction of meaning, presenting specific clinical recommendations.

Mathematical Psychology in Progress (Recent Research in Psychology)

This volume is the third volume of papers originating from the European Mathematical Psychology Group. Earlier volumes were: E. Degreef & J. van Buggenhaut (Eds.), Trends In Mathematical Psychology, Amsterdam, North-Holland Publ. Cy., 1984, and E.E. Roskam & R. Suck (Eds.), Progress in Mathematical Psychology, Amsterdam: Elsevier Science Publ. As the title indicates, this volume presents work in progress, which was reported in one of the recent annual meetings of the European Mathematical Psychology Group. The Group finds it worthwhile to disseminate this work, using a review process which is somewhat less strict, and a publication lag which is shorter, than would be the case for standard international journals. The editor is happy that the meetings of the European Mathematical Psychology Group are regularly attended by colleagues from overseas. Their contributions also appear in this volume, as was the case in earlier volumes. Despite apparent heterogeneity, the reader will observe that European mathemati­ cal psychologists have a keen interest in basic issues of mathematical modeling and measurement theory, and that also substantive topics, such as decision making, per­ ception, and performance are studied in the context of formal modeling. Also, and per­ haps of more than casual importance for future developments, is the fact that theory, experiment, and data analysis go closely together. It should therefore not surprise that psychometric topics, and topics in scaling are represented in this volume, alongside with topics of a more 'purely' mathematical nature.

Mediation, Information, and Communication

This third volume of Information and Behavior shows broad continuities with previous volumes in this series, but it also represents an important evolution. In emphasizing theoretical advances in mediation, information, and communication processes, this volume has unifying themes at the cutting edge of communication research, linking communication with areas as far-ranging as cognitive psychology, intellectual history, social psychology, policy, and macroeconomics.A sampling of the contents indicates both continuities and discontinuities of communication research embodied in this volume. Contributions include Joseph Turow, "Mass Communication as Concept"; Gary Grumpert and Robert Cathcart, "A Theory of Mediation;" Leah Lievrouw and T. Andrew Finn, "Common Dimensions of Communication"; Joshua Meyrowitz, "Mediated and Unmediated Behavior"; Kathleen Reardon, "Teaching Children About AIDS"; Sari Thomas, "The Death of Intellectual History and the Birth of the Transient Past"; Sheizaf Rafaeli, "Interacting with Media."The second part of the work, emphasizing research and policy in specific information societies and regions, includes an opening essay by Everett M. Rogers, and follow-up studies by Judith K. Larsen on "Silicon Valley"; Quentin W. Lindsey on "The North Carolina Research Triangle"; Luis Fonseca, "High Technology in Brazil"; Ruyzo Ogasawara, "High Technology in Japan"; and Mitchell Moss, "Telecommunications and Financial Centers."The final two portions of the book cover social theory and cultural processes. They include articles by Jerry Salvaggio and Richard Nelson, "Models for Developing Telecommunications and Information Industries"; Everett M. Rogers and James Dearing, "University-Industry Technology Transfer"; Frederick Williams, "The Communications Revolution Revisited"; Rolf Wigand, "Recurring Questions about the Information Society"; Lee Thayer, "Tropes and Things"; Gordon L. Miller, "The Energy of Intelligence"; David Carr, "Thinking in Museums;" Benjamin J. Bates, "Information as an Economic Good"; Jorge Schement and Daniel Stout, "A Time-Line of Information Technology."

Mediation, Information, and Communication

This third volume of Information and Behavior shows broad continuities with previous volumes in this series, but it also represents an important evolution. In emphasizing theoretical advances in mediation, information, and communication processes, this volume has unifying themes at the cutting edge of communication research, linking communication with areas as far-ranging as cognitive psychology, intellectual history, social psychology, policy, and macroeconomics.A sampling of the contents indicates both continuities and discontinuities of communication research embodied in this volume. Contributions include Joseph Turow, "Mass Communication as Concept"; Gary Grumpert and Robert Cathcart, "A Theory of Mediation;" Leah Lievrouw and T. Andrew Finn, "Common Dimensions of Communication"; Joshua Meyrowitz, "Mediated and Unmediated Behavior"; Kathleen Reardon, "Teaching Children About AIDS"; Sari Thomas, "The Death of Intellectual History and the Birth of the Transient Past"; Sheizaf Rafaeli, "Interacting with Media."The second part of the work, emphasizing research and policy in specific information societies and regions, includes an opening essay by Everett M. Rogers, and follow-up studies by Judith K. Larsen on "Silicon Valley"; Quentin W. Lindsey on "The North Carolina Research Triangle"; Luis Fonseca, "High Technology in Brazil"; Ruyzo Ogasawara, "High Technology in Japan"; and Mitchell Moss, "Telecommunications and Financial Centers."The final two portions of the book cover social theory and cultural processes. They include articles by Jerry Salvaggio and Richard Nelson, "Models for Developing Telecommunications and Information Industries"; Everett M. Rogers and James Dearing, "University-Industry Technology Transfer"; Frederick Williams, "The Communications Revolution Revisited"; Rolf Wigand, "Recurring Questions about the Information Society"; Lee Thayer, "Tropes and Things"; Gordon L. Miller, "The Energy of Intelligence"; David Carr, "Thinking in Museums;" Benjamin J. Bates, "Information as an Economic Good"; Jorge Schement and Daniel Stout, "A Time-Line of Information Technology."

Meditations: And A Selection From The Letters Of Marcus And Fronto

How to live a better life. One of the most important books on Western philosophy - a powerful and inspirational guide for the complicated world of today'Refreshing and restorative' GUARDIAN'An ancient work of spiritual reflection which remains a powerful reminder of how we could live a more dignified life by avoiding deceit, vanity and greed' OK MAGAZINEFew ancient works have been as influential as the MEDITATIONS of Marcus Aurelius. Filled with wisdom, practical guidance, and profound understanding of human behaviour, it remains one of the greatest works of spiritual and ethical reflection ever written. Marcus's insights and advice - on everything from living in the world to coping with adversity and interacting with others - have made the MEDITATIONS required reading for statesmen and philosophers alike, while generations of ordinary readers have responded to the straightforward intimacy of his style.In Gregory Hays's translation Marcus's thoughts speak with a new immediacy. Never before have Marcus's insights been so directly and powerfully presented.

The Meeting: Gatherings in Organizations and Communities

In writing this book I discovered that everyone I talked to had his or her own theory about meetings, and yet there is no theory of meetings in the research literature. This makes writing about this subject both excit­ ing and hazardous. It is always exciting to examine the significance of something that has been ignored, but it is hazardous to write about something that everyone already thinks they understand. Without re­ course to the legitimacy of a research tradition, readers are likely to evaluate this study based on their own theory. I have tried to take this into account by discussing what might be referred to as American folk theory about meetings (see particularly Chapter 3), and also by juxtapos­ ing my own research in an American organization with research in traditional or non-Western societies as conducted by anthropologists. This juxtaposition throws into relief some of the important differences as well as similarities in views of meetings as well as the form of meetings across cultures. It is also the only way that I know to examine how and when one's cultural context is affecting one's theoretical constructions. If this book is successful, it will challenge what I believe is the most common interpretation of meetings found in American society, that is, that meetings are a blank-slate phenomenon useful as a tool for such functions as making decisions, solving problems, and resolving con­ flicts, but having no impact on behavior in and of themselves.

Mehr als Monotonie und Zeitdruck: Soziale Konstitution und Verarbeitung von psychischen Belastungen im Betrieb

Memory and Cognition in Its Social Context

The first comprehensive theoretical formulation of the way people use information they receive about their social environments to make judgments and behavioral decisions, this volume focuses on the cognitive processes that underlie the use of social information. These include initial interpretation, the representations used to make inferences, and the transformation of these subjective inferences into overt judgment and behavior. In addition, it specifies the role of affect and emotion in information processing, and the role of self-knowledge at different stages of processing. The theoretical model presented here is the first to provide a conceptual integration of existing theory and research in all phases of social information processing. It not only accounts for the major portion of existing research findings, but permits several hypotheses to be generated concerning phenomena that have not yet been empirically investigated. Although focused here on the processing of information about people and events, the formulation proposed has implications for other domains such as personnel appraisal, political decision making, and consumer behavior.

Memory and Cognition in Its Social Context

The first comprehensive theoretical formulation of the way people use information they receive about their social environments to make judgments and behavioral decisions, this volume focuses on the cognitive processes that underlie the use of social information. These include initial interpretation, the representations used to make inferences, and the transformation of these subjective inferences into overt judgment and behavior. In addition, it specifies the role of affect and emotion in information processing, and the role of self-knowledge at different stages of processing. The theoretical model presented here is the first to provide a conceptual integration of existing theory and research in all phases of social information processing. It not only accounts for the major portion of existing research findings, but permits several hypotheses to be generated concerning phenomena that have not yet been empirically investigated. Although focused here on the processing of information about people and events, the formulation proposed has implications for other domains such as personnel appraisal, political decision making, and consumer behavior.

Methods in Computational Chemistry: Volume 3: Concurrent Computation in Chemical Calculations

Recent years have seen the proliferation of new computer designs that employ parallel processing in one form or another in order to achieve maximum performance. Although the idea of improving the performance of computing machines by carrying out parts of the computation concurrently is not new (indeed, the concept was known to Babbage ), such machines have, until fairly recently, been confined to a few specialist research laboratories. Nowadays, parallel computers are commercially available and they are finding a wide range of applications in chemical calculations. The purpose of this volume is to review the impact that the advent of concurrent computation is already having, and is likely to have in the future, on chemical calculations. Although the potential of concurrent computation is still far from its full realization, it is already clear that it may turn out to be second in importance only to the introduction of the electronic digital computer itself.

Methods of Criminological Research

Examining the different ways in which data can be collected and analyzed for research on crime and criminal justice, this book deals with social surveys, experimental methods, official statistics, observation and detailed interviews. This practical text includes sections on: * methods of criminological research * types of data* measuring and explaining crime * studying the criminal justice system * gaining access* publishing results. Throughout, it emphasizes the necessity of examining forms of data collection and analysis within the context of the criminological problems being investigated, the theoretical approaches used to address these problems, and the political and institutional contexts within which research takes place.

Methods of Criminological Research

Examining the different ways in which data can be collected and analyzed for research on crime and criminal justice, this book deals with social surveys, experimental methods, official statistics, observation and detailed interviews. This practical text includes sections on: * methods of criminological research * types of data* measuring and explaining crime * studying the criminal justice system * gaining access* publishing results. Throughout, it emphasizes the necessity of examining forms of data collection and analysis within the context of the criminological problems being investigated, the theoretical approaches used to address these problems, and the political and institutional contexts within which research takes place.

Miteinander oder Gegeneinander: Eine sozialpsychologische Untersuchung über Solidarität und Konkurrenz in der Arbeitswelt

Modernity and the Holocaust

Sociology is concerned with modern society, but has never come to terms with one of the most distinctive and horrific aspects of modernity - the Holocaust. The book examines what sociology can teach us about the Holocaust, but more particularly concentrates upon the lessons which the Holocaust has for sociology. Bauman's work demonstrates that the Holocaust has to be understood as deeply involved with the nature of modernity. There is nothing comparable to this work available in the sociological literature.

Modernity and the Holocaust

Sociology is concerned with modern society, but has never come to terms with one of the most distinctive and horrific aspects of modernity - the Holocaust. The book examines what sociology can teach us about the Holocaust, but more particularly concentrates upon the lessons which the Holocaust has for sociology. Bauman's work demonstrates that the Holocaust has to be understood as deeply involved with the nature of modernity. There is nothing comparable to this work available in the sociological literature.

Modernization, The State, And Regional Disparity In Developing Countries: Tunisia In Historical Perspective, 1881-1982

This book provides a historical context for understanding why regional disparities emerged in Tunisia and why reducing those disparities has been so difficult. It implies that the failure of regional development in Tunisia does not lie in regional planning, which had never been seriously tried.

Modernization, The State, And Regional Disparity In Developing Countries: Tunisia In Historical Perspective, 1881-1982

This book provides a historical context for understanding why regional disparities emerged in Tunisia and why reducing those disparities has been so difficult. It implies that the failure of regional development in Tunisia does not lie in regional planning, which had never been seriously tried.

Motor Cyclists: Image and Reality

First published in 1989, the main thrust in this volume has been to denote and elucidate a source of information on motorcyclists・a source which the editors believe is particularly rich with data about characteristics, images and everyday social behaviors.

Motor Cyclists: Image and Reality

First published in 1989, the main thrust in this volume has been to denote and elucidate a source of information on motorcyclists・a source which the editors believe is particularly rich with data about characteristics, images and everyday social behaviors.