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Der Nexus-Ansatz: Auswirkungen auf IP-Boxen und Alternativansätze (BestMasters)
by Verena KaulVerena Kaul untersucht die Funktionsweise und Auswirkungen des von der OECD entwickelten Kriteriums zum Vorliegen einer substanziellen Geschäftstätigkeit für Präferenzregime und identifiziert nachbesserungsbedürftige Problemfelder. Darüber hinaus werden unter Berücksichtigung aktueller Maßnahmen des dt. Gesetzgebers alternative uni- und multilaterale Ansätze diskutiert. Geistiges Eigentum (IP) als Gestaltungsinstrument zur konzerninternen Verlagerung von Gewinnen ist zu einem wichtigen Bestandteil der Diskussion im Rahmen des BEPS-Projekts der OECD geworden. Mit der Veröffentlichung des Abschlussberichts zu Aktionspunkt Nr. 5 hat die OECD ihren Vorschlag zur Bekämpfung derartiger Gewinnverlagerungen präsentiert, welcher in der vorliegenden Arbeit hinsichtlich seiner Eignung zur Implementierung des Nexus-Ansatzes und dessen Auswirkungen auf die Nutzung von IP-Boxen untersucht wird.
Der Schutz und die Förderung kultureller Vielfalt im Welthandelsrecht: Eine völkerrechtliche Studie zum Stand und zu Verbesserungsmöglichkeiten am Beispiel audiovisueller Medien (Beiträge zum ausländischen öffentlichen Recht und Völkerrecht #277)
by Franziska SuckerDas Buch nimmt eine völkerrechtliche Analyse des Spannungsverhältnisses zwischen Kultur und Handel vor. Staatliche Maßnahmen zum Schutz und zur Förderung der Vielfalt von Kulturprodukten, die deren grenzüberschreitenden Austausch beeinflussen, fallen in den Anwendungsbereich zweier völkerrechtlicher Verträge: Zum einen beziehen sie sich auf kulturelle Ausdrucksformen, weshalb der Anwendungsbereich der CCD eröffnet ist. Zum anderen betreffen sie den Handel mit Waren, Dienstleistungen sowie Daten und fallen daher in den Anwendungsbereich des Welthandelsrechts. Dies kann zu Überschneidungen und Konflikten zwischen den CCD und den WTO-Abkommen sowie zwischen verschiedenen Vorschriften dieser Verträge führen.Das Buch arbeitet diese Überschneidungen und Konfliktpotenziale heraus und widmet sich möglichen Lösungsmodellen. Der Bereich der audiovisuellen Medien findet dabei besondere Berücksichtigung, da sich das Konzept der kulturellen Vielfalt vornehmlich in Bezug auf audiovisuellen Medien entwickelt hat. Das Werk zeigt, dass zwar Konfliktpotenzial zwischen den CC-Vorschriften und den WTO-Vorschriften besteht und auch weiterhin bestehen bleibt, dessen Abschwächung aber möglich ist, indem eine die Vielfalt kultureller Ausdrucksformen begünstigende Umgebung geschaffen wird, in der sich kulturelle Ausdrucksformen entfalten und entwickeln können, ohne dass dabei der freie Handel übermäßig beschränkt würde.
Der Staat und die Sicherheitsgesellschaft (Staat – Souveränität – Nation)
by Jens Puschke Tobias SingelnsteinDer Band vermisst die Rolle des Staates im Feld der Inneren Sicherheit und das Verhältnis von Staat und Gesellschaft angesichts der massiven Bedeutungssteigerung, die individuelle Sicherheit vor Kriminalität und Bedrohungen in der jüngeren Vergangenheit erfahren hat. Inwiefern ist der Staat an der Herstellung der neuen Sicherheitsbedürfnisse beteiligt? Wie begegnet er ihnen? Zieht er sich zurück, regiert er aus der Distanz oder ist das Feld der Sicherheitsproduktion für staatliche Akteure ein besonders attraktives? Diesen Fragen gehen die Beiträge des Sammelbandes aus verschiedenen disziplinären Perspektiven nach. Sie nehmen sowohl diverse aktuelle Facetten der Entwicklung in den Blick, als auch die Veränderungen in den zurückliegenden zwei bis drei Jahrzehnten.
Der theoretische Krankheitsbegriff und die Krise der Medizin
by Petra LenzDas biomedizinische Verständnis der modernen (Schul-)Medizin darf als Resultat einer seit über 160 Jahren andauernden Ver-Naturwissenschaftlichung der Medizin verstanden werden. Infolgedessen resümiert Petra Lenz eine „Krise der Medizin“, die sich im Vertrauensverlust der Menschen in das Medizinsystem zeigt. Es wird gezeigt, dass der theoretische Krankheitsbegriff als sinnspezifischer Faktenbegriff der Naturwissenschaften nicht als Hoffnungsträger für Medizin und Gesundheitspolitik infrage kommt, sondern erst durch ihn medizinethische und gesundheitspolitische Herausforderungen entstehen.
Der Vertrag zwischen Venture Capital-Gebern und Start-ups: Eine Analyse der Einflussfaktoren auf den Beteiligungsvertrag und dessen Wirkung
by Nino RöhrNino Röhr legt in diesem Buch den Fokus auf die Ausgestaltung der Beteiligungsverträge zwischen Portfoliounternehmen und VC-Gesellschaften. Er erarbeitet detailliert den aktuellen Stand in der Forschung und Praxis über die Ausgestaltung dieser Verträge. Mit multivariaten Analysemethoden untersucht der Autor, welche Faktoren einen Einfluss auf die Verwendung von bestimmten Vertragsklauseln haben und welche Auswirkungen der Vertrag auf Start-ups hat. Dadurch erhalten Praktiker eine Argumentationsgrundlage für VC-Beteiligungsverhandlungen und Forscher Einblicke in den Status quo dieser Verträge in Deutschland. Der Autor zeigt, dass der Vertrag Auswirkungen auf den Erfolg von Start-ups hat und damit nicht nur für den Krisenfall relevant ist. Die Untersuchung basiert auf 122 Beteiligungsverträgen deutscher Unternehmen in der Frühphase, welche direkt vorlagen und analysiert wurden.
Description of Situations: An Essay in Contextualist Epistemology (SpringerBriefs in Philosophy)
by Nuno VenturinhaThis book approaches classic epistemological problems from a contextualist perspective. The author takes as his point of departure the fact that we are situated beings, more specifically that every single moment in our lives is already given within the framework of a specific context in the midst of which we understand ourselves and what surrounds us.In the process of his investigation, the author explores, in a fresh way, the works of key thinkers in epistemology. These include Bernard Bolzano, René Descartes, Gottlob Frege, Edmund Husserl, Immanuel Kant and Ludwig Wittgenstein, but also contemporary authors such as Stewart Cohen, Keith DeRose, David Lewis, Duncan Pritchard, Ernest Sosa and Charles Travis. Some of the topics covered are attributions of knowledge, the correspondence theory of truth, objectivity and subjectivity, possible worlds, primary and secondary evidence, scepticism, transcendentalism and relativism. The book also introduces a new contextualist thought-experiment for dealing with moral questions.Contextualism has received a great deal of attention in contemporary epistemology. It has the potential to resolve a number of issues that traditional epistemological approaches cannot address. In particular, a contextualist view opens the way to an understanding of those cognitive processes that require situational information to be fully grasped. However, contextualism poses serious difficulties in regard to epistemic invariance. This book offers readers an innovative approach to some fundamental questions in this field.
Desert Solitaire: A Season In The Wilderness
by Edward Abbey‘My favourite book about the wilderness’ Cheryl Strayed, author of Wild In this shimmering masterpiece of American nature writing, Edward Abbey ventures alone into the canyonlands of Moab, Utah, to work as a seasonal ranger for the United States National Park Service.
Designing for Privacy and its Legal Framework
by Aurelia Tamò-LarrieuxThis book discusses the implementation of privacy by design in Europe, a principle that has been codified within the European Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). While privacy by design inspires hope for future privacy-sensitive designs, it also introduces the need for a common understanding of the legal and technical concepts of privacy and data protection. By pursuing an interdisciplinary approach and comparing the problem definitions and objectives of both disciplines, this book bridges the gap between the legal and technical fields in order to enhance the regulatory and academic discourse. The research presented reveals the scope of legal principles and technical tools for privacy protection, and shows that the concept of privacy by design goes beyond the principle of the GDPR. The book presents an analysis of how current regulations delegate the implementation of technical privacy and data protection measures to developers and describes how policy design must evolve in order to implement privacy by design and default principles.
Designing the Purposeful World: The Sustainable Development Goals as a Blueprint for Humanity
by Clive WilsonIn September 2015, at the United Nations, world leaders agreed on seventeen Sustainable Development Goals or SDGs. This book extrapolates the SDGs into the idea of a purposeful world. In this context, the purpose for humanity is to thrive sustainably alongside other life forms and to consciously celebrate the process. The SDGs serve as a powerful vision, time-stamped at the 2030 time horizon, not just for world leaders but for us all. However, faced with the challenges of implementing the SDGs, we (including business leaders, government leaders and anyone wishing to make a difference) can feel overwhelmed. Wilson takes the reader on a journey of thought and invites them to work out their personal role in sustainability as well as their collaborative role alongside others in their communities and organisations. Written in a very accessible style, the book celebrates some of the many achievements made by ordinary people as a catalyst for hope, sets out a number of achievable goals and provides exercises to enable the reader to adopt practices that help to make a difference. It is the perfect book to help turn the SDGs into action at every level – governmental, organisational and personal.
Designing the Purposeful World: The Sustainable Development Goals as a Blueprint for Humanity
by Clive WilsonIn September 2015, at the United Nations, world leaders agreed on seventeen Sustainable Development Goals or SDGs. This book extrapolates the SDGs into the idea of a purposeful world. In this context, the purpose for humanity is to thrive sustainably alongside other life forms and to consciously celebrate the process. The SDGs serve as a powerful vision, time-stamped at the 2030 time horizon, not just for world leaders but for us all. However, faced with the challenges of implementing the SDGs, we (including business leaders, government leaders and anyone wishing to make a difference) can feel overwhelmed. Wilson takes the reader on a journey of thought and invites them to work out their personal role in sustainability as well as their collaborative role alongside others in their communities and organisations. Written in a very accessible style, the book celebrates some of the many achievements made by ordinary people as a catalyst for hope, sets out a number of achievable goals and provides exercises to enable the reader to adopt practices that help to make a difference. It is the perfect book to help turn the SDGs into action at every level – governmental, organisational and personal.
The Despot's Accomplice: How the West is Aiding and Abetting the Decline of Democracy
by Brian KlaasFor the first time since the end of the Cold War, the world is steadily becoming less democratic. The true culprits are dictators and counterfeit democrats. But, argues Klaas, the West is also an accomplice, inadvertently assaulting pro-democracy forces abroad as governments in Washington, London and Brussels chase pyrrhic short-term economic and security victories. Friendly fire from Western democracies against democracy abroad is too high a price to pay for a myopic foreign policy that is ultimately making the world less prosperous, stable and democratic. The Despot's Accomplice draws on years of extensive interviews on the frontlines of the global struggle for democracy, from a poetry-reading, politician-kidnapping general in Madagascar to Islamist torture victims in Tunisia, Belarusian opposition activists tailed by the KGB, West African rebels, and tea-sipping members of the Thai junta. Cumulatively, their stories weave together a tale of a broken system at the root of democracy's global retreat.
Detection of Intrusions and Malware, and Vulnerability Assessment: 15th International Conference, DIMVA 2018, Saclay, France, June 28–29, 2018, Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #10885)
by Cristiano Giuffrida Sébastien Bardin Gregory BlancThis book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Detection of Intrusions and Malware, and Vulnerability Assessment, DIMVA 2018, held in Saclay, France, in June 2018. The 17 revised full papers and 1 short paper included in this book were carefully reviewed and selected from 59 submissions. They present topics such as malware analysis; mobile and embedded security; attacks; detection and containment; web and browser security; and reverse engineering.
Detention of Terrorism Suspects: Political Discourse and Fragmented Practices
by Maureen DuffyControversial erosions of individual liberties in the name of anti-terrorism are ongoing in liberal democracies. The focus of this book is on the manner in which strategic discourse has been used to create accepted political narratives. It specifically links aspects of that discourse to problematic and evolving terrorism detention practices that happen outside of traditional criminal and wartime paradigms, with examples including the detentions at Guantanamo Bay and security certificates in Canada. This book suggests that biased political discourse has, in some respects, continued to fuel public misconceptions about terrorism, which have then led to problematic legal enactments, supported by those misconceptions. It introduces this idea by presenting current examples, such as some of the language used by US President Donald Trump regarding terrorism, and it argues that such language has supported questionable legal responses to terrorism. It then critiques political arguments that began after 9/11, many of which are still foundational as terrorism detention practices evolve. The focus is on language emanating from the US, and the book links this language to specific examples of changed detention practices from the US, Canada, and the UK.Terrorism is undoubtedly a real threat, but that does not mean that all perceptions of how to respond to terrorism are valid. As international terrorism continues to grow and to change, this book offers valuable insights into problems that have arisen from specific responses, with the objective of avoiding those problems going forward.
Determined by Reasons: A Competence Account of Acting for a Normative Reason (Routledge Studies in Ethics and Moral Theory)
by Susanne MantelThis book offers a new account of what it is to act for a normative reason. The first part of the book introduces some popular ideas and problems concerning causal and dispositional approaches of acting for reasons. The author argues that the dispositional approach should take a certain form that unites epistemic, volitional, and executional dispositions in a complex normative competence. This "Normative Competence Account" allows for more and less reflective ways of acting for normative reasons. The second part of the book clarifies the relation between the normative reason that an agent acts for and his or her motivating reasons. The chapters in this part refute the widely held "identity view" that acting for a normative reason requires the normative reason to be identical with a motivating reason. The author describes how normative reasons are related to motivating reasons by a relation of correspondence, and proposes a new understanding of how normative reasons explain those actions that are performed for them. Determined by Reasons engages with current debates from a wide range of different philosophical areas, including action theory, metaethics, moral psychology, epistemology, and ontology, to develop a new account of normative reasons.
Determined by Reasons: A Competence Account of Acting for a Normative Reason (Routledge Studies in Ethics and Moral Theory)
by Susanne MantelThis book offers a new account of what it is to act for a normative reason. The first part of the book introduces some popular ideas and problems concerning causal and dispositional approaches of acting for reasons. The author argues that the dispositional approach should take a certain form that unites epistemic, volitional, and executional dispositions in a complex normative competence. This "Normative Competence Account" allows for more and less reflective ways of acting for normative reasons. The second part of the book clarifies the relation between the normative reason that an agent acts for and his or her motivating reasons. The chapters in this part refute the widely held "identity view" that acting for a normative reason requires the normative reason to be identical with a motivating reason. The author describes how normative reasons are related to motivating reasons by a relation of correspondence, and proposes a new understanding of how normative reasons explain those actions that are performed for them. Determined by Reasons engages with current debates from a wide range of different philosophical areas, including action theory, metaethics, moral psychology, epistemology, and ontology, to develop a new account of normative reasons.
Developing a Sustainability Mindset in Management Education (The Principles for Responsible Management Education Series)
by Kerul Kassel Isabel RimanoczyWith an expanding awareness of the challenges of sustainability, featured more in the daily news than in higher education textbooks, scholars and faculty have been called to connect their syllabi to the ‘real world’. This book doesn’t just offer the ‘why’; it offers the ‘how’ through presenting the definition and model of the ‘sustainability mindset’ to help educators frame curricula to facilitate broad and deep systemic learning among current and future leaders. A sustainability mindset is intended to help individuals analyze complex management challenges and generate truly innovative solutions. The sustainability mindset breaks away from traditional management disciplinary silos by integrating management ethics, entrepreneurship, environmental studies, systems thinking, self-awareness and spirituality within the dimensional contexts of thinking (knowledge), being (values) and doing (competency). This book is aimed at professors, faculty members, instructors, teaching assistants, researchers and doctoral students in higher learning management education programs. Chapter contributors are all teaching professionals from programs around the world, who have been doing research and creating curricula, assessments, tools, and more for the students in their classes, and the book will be globally applicable.
Developing a Sustainability Mindset in Management Education (The Principles for Responsible Management Education Series)
by Kerul Kassel Isabel RimanoczyWith an expanding awareness of the challenges of sustainability, featured more in the daily news than in higher education textbooks, scholars and faculty have been called to connect their syllabi to the ‘real world’. This book doesn’t just offer the ‘why’; it offers the ‘how’ through presenting the definition and model of the ‘sustainability mindset’ to help educators frame curricula to facilitate broad and deep systemic learning among current and future leaders. A sustainability mindset is intended to help individuals analyze complex management challenges and generate truly innovative solutions. The sustainability mindset breaks away from traditional management disciplinary silos by integrating management ethics, entrepreneurship, environmental studies, systems thinking, self-awareness and spirituality within the dimensional contexts of thinking (knowledge), being (values) and doing (competency). This book is aimed at professors, faculty members, instructors, teaching assistants, researchers and doctoral students in higher learning management education programs. Chapter contributors are all teaching professionals from programs around the world, who have been doing research and creating curricula, assessments, tools, and more for the students in their classes, and the book will be globally applicable.
The Developing World of Arbitration: A Comparative Study of Arbitration Reform in the Asia Pacific
by Anselmo Reyes Weixia GuThe Developing World of Arbitration studies the recent emergence of Asia Pacific jurisdictions as regional or international arbitration centres, thanks to various reform efforts and initiatives. This book provides an up-to-date and comprehensive analysis of the ways in which arbitration law and practice have recently been reformed in Asia Pacific jurisdictions. Leading contributors across the Asia Pacific region analyse twelve major jurisdictions representing varying patterns and degrees of development, whether driven from top down, bottom up, or by some hybrid impetus. Setting the arbitration systems and reforms of each investigated jurisdiction in the context of its economic, political, and judicial dynamics, this book presents, for the first-time, a cross-jurisdiction comparative and contextual study of the developing world of arbitration in the Asia Pacific and contributes to comparative international arbitration literature from an Eastern perspective. It also aims to identify an Asia Pacific model of arbitration modernisation, one that may be distinct from a Western model, and predicts future trajectories of development and challenge in light of the ever increasing competition between Eastern- and Western-based arbitration centres. This edited collection will be an invaluable addition to the libraries of academics and practitioners in the field of international commercial arbitration.
The Developing World of Arbitration: A Comparative Study of Arbitration Reform in the Asia Pacific
by Anselmo Reyes Weixia GuThe Developing World of Arbitration studies the recent emergence of Asia Pacific jurisdictions as regional or international arbitration centres, thanks to various reform efforts and initiatives. This book provides an up-to-date and comprehensive analysis of the ways in which arbitration law and practice have recently been reformed in Asia Pacific jurisdictions. Leading contributors across the Asia Pacific region analyse twelve major jurisdictions representing varying patterns and degrees of development, whether driven from top down, bottom up, or by some hybrid impetus. Setting the arbitration systems and reforms of each investigated jurisdiction in the context of its economic, political, and judicial dynamics, this book presents, for the first-time, a cross-jurisdiction comparative and contextual study of the developing world of arbitration in the Asia Pacific and contributes to comparative international arbitration literature from an Eastern perspective. It also aims to identify an Asia Pacific model of arbitration modernisation, one that may be distinct from a Western model, and predicts future trajectories of development and challenge in light of the ever increasing competition between Eastern- and Western-based arbitration centres. This edited collection will be an invaluable addition to the libraries of academics and practitioners in the field of international commercial arbitration.
The Development of Intellectual Property Regimes in the Arabian Gulf States: Infidels at the Gates (Routledge Research in Intellectual Property)
by David Price Alhanoof AlDebasiThis book examines the development of national legislative regimes for the protection of intellectual property rights in the Arabian Gulf states: Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, and Yemen. David Price analyses IP rights in these states in the context of WTO membership, and consequent compliance with the requirements of the WTO’s TRIPS Agreement. The challenges of domestic enforcement of the states’ IP laws receive critical attention. A particular focus of the book is on foreign forces which have shaped or influenced the character of the states’ IP protection regimes. It includes commentary on the contribution of foreign states, the WTO and WIPO in the pre-TRIPS and TRIPS compliance stages, and the US bilateral trade strategy for pursuing IP protection standards that exceed those enshrined in TRIPS, and the impact of these forces upon the states’ enforcement performance. The role of the Office of the United States Trade Representative (USTR) and the Special 301 provisions as a powerful tool in the US’ bilateral strategy receives particular attention. The intellectual property laws of these states have been developed virtually in the span of a single generation, and the process of change is continuing. As such, this book will interest practitioners both in and outside of the region, and those with an interest in intellectual property law, comparative law, Middle East legal systems and affairs, and international trade.
The Development of Intellectual Property Regimes in the Arabian Gulf States: Infidels at the Gates (Routledge Research in Intellectual Property)
by David Price Alhanoof AlDebasiThis book examines the development of national legislative regimes for the protection of intellectual property rights in the Arabian Gulf states: Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, and Yemen. David Price analyses IP rights in these states in the context of WTO membership, and consequent compliance with the requirements of the WTO’s TRIPS Agreement. The challenges of domestic enforcement of the states’ IP laws receive critical attention. A particular focus of the book is on foreign forces which have shaped or influenced the character of the states’ IP protection regimes. It includes commentary on the contribution of foreign states, the WTO and WIPO in the pre-TRIPS and TRIPS compliance stages, and the US bilateral trade strategy for pursuing IP protection standards that exceed those enshrined in TRIPS, and the impact of these forces upon the states’ enforcement performance. The role of the Office of the United States Trade Representative (USTR) and the Special 301 provisions as a powerful tool in the US’ bilateral strategy receives particular attention. The intellectual property laws of these states have been developed virtually in the span of a single generation, and the process of change is continuing. As such, this book will interest practitioners both in and outside of the region, and those with an interest in intellectual property law, comparative law, Middle East legal systems and affairs, and international trade.
Developments in Environmental Regulation: Risk based regulation in the UK and Europe
by Jon ForemanThis book provides a critical examination of contemporary approaches to environmental regulation in the UK and the European Union. It also explores how regulation has evolved in response to a number of factors, including industrial development and improved scientific knowledge, while considering the radical next steps that need to be taken in response to existing challenges.Developments in Environmental Regulation draws its focus on the effects of risk-based approaches to the environmental regulation of business and industry, including its impact on sustainable economic growth. The book also considers the challenges and potential opportunities that surround the UK’s withdrawl, or ‘Brexit’, from the European Union. This edited collection has been written by a group of highly experienced regulatory specialists whose insightful perspectives on key areas of environmental regulation are situated at the core of this work. This book will appeal to students and academics, policy-makers and environmental practitioners interested in understanding how environmental policy and regulation is applied and how it can be adapted to its political context.
Developments in Environmental Regulation: Risk based regulation in the UK and Europe
by Jon ForemanThis book provides a critical examination of contemporary approaches to environmental regulation in the UK and the European Union. It also explores how regulation has evolved in response to a number of factors, including industrial development and improved scientific knowledge, while considering the radical next steps that need to be taken in response to existing challenges.Developments in Environmental Regulation draws its focus on the effects of risk-based approaches to the environmental regulation of business and industry, including its impact on sustainable economic growth. The book also considers the challenges and potential opportunities that surround the UK’s withdrawl, or ‘Brexit’, from the European Union. This edited collection has been written by a group of highly experienced regulatory specialists whose insightful perspectives on key areas of environmental regulation are situated at the core of this work. This book will appeal to students and academics, policy-makers and environmental practitioners interested in understanding how environmental policy and regulation is applied and how it can be adapted to its political context.
Devil with the Blue Dress (Oberon Modern Plays)
by Kevin ArmentoThis gets called the Monica Lewinsky Scandal. You made sure everyone knew my name. January 1998: America is rocked by one of the biggest political sex scandals of all time. Slyly exhuming the little blue dress that launched the biggest media circus of a generation, the five women who were at the centre of the infamous Monica Lewinsky scandal collide on stage in this political thriller. A First Lady, a secretary, a daughter, a confidant, and an intern take us through the corridors of power and behind the closed doors where the abuse of that power took place. A theatrical battle over exactly how it all went down, DEVIL WITH THE BLUE DRESS asks who were the heroes and villains, and why, twenty years later, we’re only beginning to grapple with one of the most challenging questions in American political history: How do we respond to women seeking power, and the men who misuse it?
Dictatorland: The Men Who Stole Africa
by Paul KenyonA Financial Times Book of the Year'Jaw-dropping' Daily Express'Grimly fascinating' Financial Times'Humane, timely, accessible and well-researched' Irish TimesThe dictator who grew so rich on his country's cocoa crop that he built a 35-storey-high basilica in the jungles of the Ivory Coast. The austere, incorruptible leader who has shut Eritrea off from the world in a permanent state of war and conscripted every adult into the armed forces. In Equatorial Guinea, the paranoid despot who thought Hitler was the saviour of Africa and waged a relentless campaign of terror against his own people. The Libyan army officer who authored a new work of political philosophy, The Green Book, and lived in a tent with a harem of female soldiers, running his country like a mafia family business.And behind these almost incredible stories of fantastic violence and excess lie the dark secrets of Western greed and complicity, the insatiable taste for chocolate, oil, diamonds and gold that has encouraged dictators to rule with an iron hand, siphoning off their share of the action into mansions in Paris and banks in Zurich and keeping their people in dire poverty.