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Sociology and Medicine: Selected Essays by P.M. Strong
by Anne MurcottDoctors and patients, inter-professional rivalries, how sociologists might tackle the study of vital topics in health - all these are enduring themes in sociology and medicine. These are also the long-running intellectual preoccupations of Philip M. Strong's twenty-year contribution to the field - one which he did much to shape. Posthumously gathered together for the first time in this volume, are twelve of his major essays, many of which are difficult to find or have been out of print for some years. Grouped by theme, this important reference allows the reader to trace the development of Strong's thought over his career as well as the more general development of medical sociology as a whole.
Sociology and Medicine: Selected Essays by P.M. Strong
by Anne MurcottDoctors and patients, inter-professional rivalries, how sociologists might tackle the study of vital topics in health - all these are enduring themes in sociology and medicine. These are also the long-running intellectual preoccupations of Philip M. Strong's twenty-year contribution to the field - one which he did much to shape. Posthumously gathered together for the first time in this volume, are twelve of his major essays, many of which are difficult to find or have been out of print for some years. Grouped by theme, this important reference allows the reader to trace the development of Strong's thought over his career as well as the more general development of medical sociology as a whole.
Sociology: The Key Concepts (Routledge Key Guides)
by John ScottAn essential A-Z guide to the full range of sociological thought, Sociology: The Key Concepts is an important addition to the established and successful Key Concepts series. Fully cross-referenced with an extensive glossary, this accessible text also includes: alphabetical listings of key concepts for ease of use suggestions for further reading to enhance understanding of areas covered entries on ‘traditionalism’ ‘race and racialization’ and ‘modernity’. Bringing together an international range of highly regarded contributors from the full spectrum of disciplines, this useful reference guide is the ideal resource for those studying or interested in this popular area.
Sociology: The Key Concepts (Routledge Key Guides)
by John ScottAn essential A-Z guide to the full range of sociological thought, Sociology: The Key Concepts is an important addition to the established and successful Key Concepts series. Fully cross-referenced with an extensive glossary, this accessible text also includes: alphabetical listings of key concepts for ease of use suggestions for further reading to enhance understanding of areas covered entries on ‘traditionalism’ ‘race and racialization’ and ‘modernity’. Bringing together an international range of highly regarded contributors from the full spectrum of disciplines, this useful reference guide is the ideal resource for those studying or interested in this popular area.
A Sociology of Commercial Flight Crew
by Bennett A SimonThere are numerous psychological studies of pilots and piloting, but little has been done in the way of sociological examination. Commercial aviation is one of the world's biggest industries, yet there are few studies of pilots as social beings and of their place of work, the flight-deck. Developing a sociological understanding of front-line staff and of pilots' working environments is an important step to developing a more detailed understanding of this increasingly important sector. This book performs such a function and also adds to our understanding of pilots in general, from those who work for flag carriers to those who fly for regional or corporate jet operators. The readership includes the general public, industry legislators, regulators, managements, employees, trainers, journalists, academics and students of sociology, psychology, organisation theory and business management.
A Sociology of Commercial Flight Crew
by Bennett A SimonThere are numerous psychological studies of pilots and piloting, but little has been done in the way of sociological examination. Commercial aviation is one of the world's biggest industries, yet there are few studies of pilots as social beings and of their place of work, the flight-deck. Developing a sociological understanding of front-line staff and of pilots' working environments is an important step to developing a more detailed understanding of this increasingly important sector. This book performs such a function and also adds to our understanding of pilots in general, from those who work for flag carriers to those who fly for regional or corporate jet operators. The readership includes the general public, industry legislators, regulators, managements, employees, trainers, journalists, academics and students of sociology, psychology, organisation theory and business management.
The Sociology of Risk and Gambling Reader
by James CosgraveThis reader contributes to the sociology of gambling, and offers a variety of sociological approaches, ranging from classical sociological analyses of gambling to contemporary sociological approaches to risk.
The Sociology of Risk and Gambling Reader
by James F. CosgraveThis reader contributes to the sociology of gambling, and offers a variety of sociological approaches, ranging from classical sociological analyses of gambling to contemporary sociological approaches to risk.
The Sociology of the Body: Mapping the Abstraction of Embodiment (PDF)
by Kate Cregan"Through a provocative analysis, this book contextualizes, explicates and critically analyses the work of those key theorists and texts that have been most influential in refocusing our gaze on human embodiment. Upon this foundation, the author builds her own distinctive theoretical framework towards the analysis of embodiment. This is a valuable addition to the field of body studies." - Chris Shilling, University of Kent Over the last 20 years, the social sciences have witnessed a remarkable inter-disciplinary surge of interest in the body. The latter is now recognized as a core concept and is the subject of intensive study at undergraduate and postgraduate levels. But how can we map this work? What are the contributions and differences of the various approaches? This lucid and authoritative text: Provides a critical evaluation of the work of Elias, Aries, Foucault, Bourdieu, Mary Douglas, Kristeva, Butler, Haraway and Bordo. Guides the reader through the inter-disciplinary influence of these ideas. Gives a clear and compelling analysis of the significance of the 'turn' towards the body. Explains the complex way in which embodiment is formed across different social formations. Clearly organized and powerfully expressed the book provides the best available guide to the 'turn to the body' in the social sciences.
The Sociology of Work: Continuity and Change in Paid and Unpaid Work (PDF)
by Professor Stephen EdgellSteve Edgell has written an up-to-date, comprehensive guide to the sociology of every type of work: paid and unpaid, standard and non-standard, under- and unemployment. Sweeping in its historical reach and rigorous in its analysis of key issues of work, this book charts the rise of `work' from the first human societies and provides nuanced understanding of the issues at stake in standard, non-standard, unpaid and voluntary work. Drawing on classic and contemporary theorists, the author: - covers key issues regarding paid work: alienation, post-industrial society, network enterprises in the informational society, flexibility, Fordism, McDonaldization, the destandardization of work, and the social impact of unemployment and underemployment;- discusses key issues regarding non-paid work: domestic work as `work', the impact of technology, the impact of feminism, feminization and globalization;- offers a historical perspective of work and gender.'The overall sweep of the book – from pre-capitalist/industrial to post-globalism is attractive and challenging. The extension of the study of work beyond paid office/factory work is to be welcomed. In short this book will make a wise and welcomed addition to the existing range of sociological texts.' - Professor Huw Beynon, Director School of Social Sciences, Cardiff University'Stephen Edgell's Sociology of Work is a reliable, comprehensive and accessible text. He has taken a number of central themes in this field and engaged with the relevant literature and debates in a thoughtful and authoritative way. The comparative and historical treatment of the topics offers an illuminating perspective on the contemporary world of work. Students will find this book to be an invaluable resource. I predict that their copies will become much thumbed and annotated!' - John Eldridge, Emeritus Professor of Sociology, University of Glasgow.
Software Engineering Education in the Modern Age: Software Education and Training Sessions at the International Conference, on Software Engineering, ICSE 2005, St. Louis, MO, USA, May 15-21, 2005, Revised Lectures (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #4309)
by Paola Inverardi Mehdi JazayeriThis tutorial book presents an augmented selection of the material presented at the Software Engineering Education and Training Track at the International Conference on Software Engineering, ICSE 2005, held in St. Louis, MO, USA in May 2005. The 12 tutorial lectures presented cover software engineering education, state of the art and practice: creativity and rigor, challenges for industries and academia, as well as future directions.
Software Process Change: International Software Process Workshop and International Workshop on Software Process Simulation and Modeling, SPW/ProSim 2006, Shanghai, China, May 20-21, 2006, Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #3966)
by Qing Wang Dietmar Pfahl David M. Raffo Paul WernickThis book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the First joint International Software Process Workshop and the International Workshop on Software Process Simulation and Modeling, SPW/ProSim 2006. The 34 revised full papers presented together with 4 keynote addresses are organized in topical sections on process tailoring and decision-support, process tools and metrics, process management, process representation, analysis and modeling, process simulation modeling, process simulation applications, and experience report.
Software Process Improvement: 13th European Conference, EuroSpi 2006, Joensuu, Finland, October 11-13, 2006, Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #4257)
by Ita Richardson Per Runeson Richard MessnarzThis book constitutes the refereed proceeding of the 13th European Software Process Improvement Conference, EuroSPI 2006, held in Joensuu, Finland in October 2006. The 18 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 62 submissions.
Solidarity and Prosocial Behavior: An Integration of Sociological and Psychological Perspectives (Critical Issues in Social Justice)
by Andreas Flache Detlev Fetchenhauer Abraham Buunk Sigwaart LindenbergThis book is the product of an intensive cooperation between psych- ogists and sociologists who study solidarity and prosocial behavior, and its fruits are briefly summarized in Chapter 1. The topics of so- darity and prosocial behavior are at the core of both disciplines and thus one might expect that an intensive cooperation like the one that produced this book is not uncommon. Surprisingly however, it is extremely rare that sociologists and psychologists get together to c- bine their knowledge in these fields. Instead, researchers from both disciplines tend to ignore each other’s work quite generally, and the work on prosocial and antisocial behavior is no exception. The conviction that sociology and psychology can benefit from each other’s work led us—a group of sociologists and psychologists at the University of Groningen (The Netherlands)—in 1999 to launch a joint research project on solidarity and prosociality. The aim was to find a common ground on which insights from each discipline could contribute to a broader understanding of solidarity and prosocial behavior. This interdisciplinary research project was called Prosocial Dispositions and Solidary Behavior and it was financed by the University of Groningen as a so-called breedtestrategie program (i.e., a program for broadening disciplinary approaches).
Souls of W.E.B. Du Bois
by Alford A. Young Jerry Gafio Watts Manning Marable Charles C. Lemert Elizabeth HigginbothamThis work marks the recent passing of the 100th Anniversary of Du Bois' classic of African American literature. More than fifty events and celebrations were held in cities and universities around the country. It poignantly explores the relationship of Du Bois, the man, to his writings. It is written by expert team of authors including the prominent Manning Marable. "The Souls of W. E. B. Du Bois" explores the relationship of W. E. B. Du Bois' seminal book, "The Souls of Black Folk", to other works in his scholarly portfolio and to his larger project concerning race, racial identity, and the social objectives of scholarly engagement. Prominent authors consider why the classic book remains so relevant today.
Souls of W.E.B. Du Bois
by Alford A. Young Jerry Gafio Watts Manning Marable Charles C. Lemert Elizabeth HigginbothamThis work marks the recent passing of the 100th Anniversary of Du Bois' classic of African American literature. More than fifty events and celebrations were held in cities and universities around the country. It poignantly explores the relationship of Du Bois, the man, to his writings. It is written by expert team of authors including the prominent Manning Marable. "The Souls of W. E. B. Du Bois" explores the relationship of W. E. B. Du Bois' seminal book, "The Souls of Black Folk", to other works in his scholarly portfolio and to his larger project concerning race, racial identity, and the social objectives of scholarly engagement. Prominent authors consider why the classic book remains so relevant today.
The Source of the River: The Social Origins of Freshmen at America's Selective Colleges and Universities
by Douglas S. Massey Camille Z. Charles Garvey Lundy Mary J. FischerAfrican Americans and Latinos earn lower grades and drop out of college more often than whites or Asians. Yet thirty years after deliberate minority recruitment efforts began, we still don't know why. In The Shape of the River, William Bowen and Derek Bok documented the benefits of affirmative action for minority students, their communities, and the nation at large. But they also found that too many failed to achieve academic success. In The Source of the River, Douglas Massey and his colleagues investigate the roots of minority underperformance in selective colleges and universities. They explain how such factors as neighborhood, family, peer group, and early schooling influence the academic performance of students from differing racial and ethnic origins and differing social classes. Drawing on a major new source of data--the National Longitudinal Survey of Freshmen--the authors undertake a comprehensive analysis of the diverse pathways by which whites, African Americans, Latinos, and Asians enter American higher education. Theirs is the first study to document the different characteristics that students bring to campus and to trace out the influence of these differences on later academic performance. They show that black and Latino students do not enter college disadvantaged by a lack of self-esteem. In fact, overconfidence is more common than low self-confidence among some minority students. Despite this, minority students are adversely affected by racist stereotypes of intellectual inferiority. Although academic preparation is the strongest predictor of college performance, shortfalls in academic preparation are themselves largely a matter of socioeconomic disadvantage and racial segregation. Presenting important new findings, The Source of the River documents the ongoing power of race to shape the life chances of America's young people, even among the most talented and able.
The Source of the River: The Social Origins of Freshmen at America's Selective Colleges and Universities
by Douglas S. Massey Camille Z. Charles Garvey Lundy Mary J. FischerAfrican Americans and Latinos earn lower grades and drop out of college more often than whites or Asians. Yet thirty years after deliberate minority recruitment efforts began, we still don't know why. In The Shape of the River, William Bowen and Derek Bok documented the benefits of affirmative action for minority students, their communities, and the nation at large. But they also found that too many failed to achieve academic success. In The Source of the River, Douglas Massey and his colleagues investigate the roots of minority underperformance in selective colleges and universities. They explain how such factors as neighborhood, family, peer group, and early schooling influence the academic performance of students from differing racial and ethnic origins and differing social classes. Drawing on a major new source of data--the National Longitudinal Survey of Freshmen--the authors undertake a comprehensive analysis of the diverse pathways by which whites, African Americans, Latinos, and Asians enter American higher education. Theirs is the first study to document the different characteristics that students bring to campus and to trace out the influence of these differences on later academic performance. They show that black and Latino students do not enter college disadvantaged by a lack of self-esteem. In fact, overconfidence is more common than low self-confidence among some minority students. Despite this, minority students are adversely affected by racist stereotypes of intellectual inferiority. Although academic preparation is the strongest predictor of college performance, shortfalls in academic preparation are themselves largely a matter of socioeconomic disadvantage and racial segregation. Presenting important new findings, The Source of the River documents the ongoing power of race to shape the life chances of America's young people, even among the most talented and able.
Soziale Gerechtigkeit: Reformpolitik am Scheideweg Festschrift für Dieter Eißel zum 65. Geburtstag
by Alexander Grasse Carmen Ludwig Berthold DietzDieses Buch geht der Frage nach, welchen Stellenwert das Thema "soziale Gerechtigkeit" in Politik und Gesellschaft Deutschlands gegenwärtig hat? Was wird im einzelnen darunter verstanden? Welche Aspekte sind in diesem Zusammenhang wichtig? Wie wandeln sich gegenwärtig Leitbilder und Vorstellungen von Gerechtigkeit und das Maß an gesellschaftlich tolerierter und akzeptierter materieller Ungleichheit. Ist der Paradigmenwechsel bereits vollzogen? Damit werden faktische und ideologische Machtfragen berührt. Die Kernfrage jedoch ist, ob und wie der Sozialstaat weiterhin finanziert werden kann. Die Förderung von Wachstum und Entwicklung einerseits und die Herstellung des sozialen Ausgleichs andererseits sind in diesem Zusammenhang die zentralen Herausforderungen an die Politik.
Soziale Milieus und Wandel der Sozialstruktur: Die gesellschaftlichen Herausforderungen und die Strategien der sozialen Gruppen (Sozialstrukturanalyse)
by Helmut Bremer Andrea Lange-VesterSoziale, wirtschaftliche und politische Probleme spitzen sich gegenwärtig zu. Die Akteure sehen sich zunehmend zu Eigenverantwortung und Flexibilität im Erwerbs- und Bildungsbereich gefordert. Betroffen sind längst nicht mehr nur die unterprivilegierten sozialen Milieus. Deklassierungsängste erreichen inzwischen weite Teile der bislang gesicherten gesellschaftlichen Mitte. Der Band versammelt Beiträge, die die Entwicklungen und Umstellungen mit dem vieldiskutierten Konzept der sozialen Milieus untersuchen. Dieser Ansatz, der sowohl den Fortbestand sozialer Klassen als auch deren Ausdifferenzierung in sozialen Milieus untersucht, zielt in seinen Analysen zur Entwicklung sozialer Ungleichheit auf die Habitusmuster und Lebensführungen der verschiedenen Milieus. Mit Beiträgen von Stefan Hradil, Peter A. Berger, Franz Schultheis, Rainer Geißler, Wilhelm Heitmeyer u.a.
Soziale Phänomene: Identität, Aufbau und Erklärung
by Andreas BalogDie gegenwärtige Soziologie ist durch die Zersplitterung in eine Vielfalt von "Ansätzen" gekennzeichnet. Im vorliegenden Buch wird nachgewiesen, dass all diesen Ansätzen ein einheitlicher Gegenstandsbereich zugrunde liegt: Die einzelnen Richtungen der Soziologie können gar nicht anders als soziale Phänomene zu analysieren. Es wird gezeigt, dass diese trotz der Vielfalt ihrer Erscheinungsformen in einer nachvollziehbaren Weise identifiziert werden können. Die übergreifenden Kriterien ihrer Identität, die Prinzipien ihres Aufbaus und die sich daraus ergebenden Konsequenzen für kausale Erklärungen werden diskutiert. Es wird ein vernachlässigter Aspekt der soziologischen Analyse behandelt, der für die Soziologie als Wissenschaft von großer Relevanz ist.
Sozialkapital und politische Orientierungen von Jugendlichen in Deutschland (Forschung Politik)
by Julia SchäferVereine, Vertrauen, Normen und Werte - kurz: Sozialkapital - sind der Schlüssel zum Funktionieren moderner Demokratien; so lautet das Fazit Robert Putnams aus seiner intensiven Beschäftigung mit der italienischen Regionalverwaltungsreform. Daraufhin wurde in vielen politikwissenschaftlichen Forschungsarbeiten untersucht, inwiefern Vereine als 'Schulen der Demokratie' fungieren, soziales Vertrauen wie ein 'Schmiermittel im Räderwerk des sozialen Systems' wirkt und kooperative Normen die 'moralischen Grundlagen' des gesellschaftlichen Miteinanders bilden. Obwohl angenommen wird, dass Sozialkapital bereits im Jugendalter eine wichtige Ressource darstellt, standen im Mittelpunkt derartiger Studien lediglich Erwachsene. Daher untersucht Julia Schäfer, welchen Wirkungszusammenhängen Sozialkapital in der Jugendphase unterliegt. Anhand von sieben Jugendstudien werden die Bedingungen und Konsequenzen von Sozialkapital im Jugendalter betrachtet. Es zeigt sich, dass Sozialkapital zwar eine wichtige Rolle für die politische Sozialisation spielt, dabei aber bereits deutlich von der sonstigen Ressourcenausstattung abhängig ist.
Sozialpolitik in Deutschland: Eine systematische Einführung
by Jürgen Boeckh Ernst-Ulrich Huster Benjamin BenzDer Band führt systematisch in das breite Spektrum von Geschichte, Strukturen, Problemlagen, Lösungswegen und die europäischen Zusammenhänge von Sozialpolitik in Deutschland sowie in die Theorie des Sozialstaates ein. Er zeigt historische Phasen, die sich entfaltenden, aber auch sich verändernden Interessenträger und die Entstehung bzw. Veränderung von Prinzipien, Strukturmerkmalen, Institutionen und Funktionen von Sozialpolitik. Es werden die ihnen innewohnenden Widersprüche und Konkurrenzen deutlich. Der besseren Verständlichkeit dienen ausführliche geschichtliche Dokumente und aktuelle Daten zur sozialen Entwicklung bzw. zur Sozialpolitik. Gibt es Grenzen des Sozialstaates? Diesen sucht sich der Band im geschichtlichen Rückgriff auf die Weimarer Republik systematisch und sozialräumlich zu nähern.
Soziologie als Synthese: Zivilisationstheoretische Schriften über Architektur, Wissen und Gewalt (Figurationen. Schriften zur Zivilisations- und Prozesstheorie)
by Peter R. GleichmannDer von Peter Gleichmann entwickelte Ansatz des Vorrangs der Synthesebildung als menschenwissenschaftliches Verfahren ist gegenwärtig sehr bewusst in einer Position innerwissenschaftlicher Opposition. Die Radikalität seiner gegen die wissenschaftlichen Establishments gerichteten Erkenntnishaltung arbeitet Gleichmann am schärfsten heraus, wenn er den Zusammenhang abtötender Denktechniken der modernen Wissenschaften mit den Tötungspraktiken der nationalsozialistischen Diktatur beleuchtet: "Manche Disziplin hat sich bisher überhaupt nicht distanziert von den menschenverachtenden Praktiken ihrer Berufsangehörigen. Ein wirklicher Wandel der bevorzugt analytisch-reduktionistischen Erkenntnismethoden ist dadurch nicht eingeleitet worden."
Soziologie an deutschen Universitäten: Gestern - heute - morgen
by Bettina Franke Kurt HammerichDie sich bundesweit abzeichnende Umwandlung traditioneller Diplom- und Magisterstudiengänge in gestufte Bachelor- und Masterstudiengänge stellt besonders für ein vergleichsweise junges akademisches Fach wie die Soziologie eine große Herausforderung dar. Die mittlerweile erreichte Akzeptanz dieses Faches in Deutschland äußert sich gerade auch in den guten Einstellungschancen seiner Absolventinnen und Absolventen. Der Sammelband beinhaltet einerseits Studien zur Entwicklung der universitären Soziologie in der Weimarer Republik und in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland, andererseits Beschreibungen der gegenwärtigen Lage der Soziologie an deutschen Universitäten - auch in wissenschaftspolitischer Sicht - sowie Entwicklungsperspektiven, wie sie von Vertretern der beiden soziologischen Vereinigungen (Berufsverband deutscher Soziologinnen und Soziologen (BDS) sowie Deutsche Gesellschaft für Soziologie (DGS)) vorgetragen werden. Insofern dokumentiert die Aufsatzsammlung den derzeitigen Diskussionsstand um die Reform der universitären Ausbildung im Fach Soziologie an Wissenschaftlichen Hochschulen und will darüber hinaus einen Beitrag zur kritischen Auseinandersetzung mit diesen Veränderungen liefern.