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Delinquency Careers in Two Birth Cohorts (The Plenum Series in Crime and Justice)
by Paul E. Tracy Marvin E. Wolfgang Robert M. FiglioDelinquency in a Birth Cohort, published in 1972, was the first criminologi cal birth cohort study in the United States. Nils Christie, in Unge norske lovorertredere, had done the first such study as his dissertation at the University of Oslo in 1960. Professor Thorsten Sellin was the inspiration for the U.S. study. He could read Norwegian, and I could a little because I studied at the University of Oslo in my graduate years. Our interest in pursuing a birth cohort study in the United States was fostered by the encouragement of Saleem Shah who awarded us a grant from the National Institute of Mental Health to begin our birth cohort studies at the University of Pennsylvania by investigating the delinquency of the 1945 cohort. We studied this group of 9,945 boys extensively through official criminal history and school records of their juvenile years. Subsequently, we followed up the cohort as adults using both adult arrest histories and an interview of a sample of the cohort. Our follow-up study was published as From Boy to Man, From Delinquen cy to Crime in 1987.
Delinquency Research: An Appraisal of Analytic Methods
by Travis Hirschi Hanan C. SelvinThis remarkable guide to delinquency studies was co-winner of the 1968 C. Wright Mills Award for the best book in the field of social problems. The work is in effect three books in one: a forthright account of how to analyze survey data, a penetrating critique of delinquency research, and a set of original essays on methodology. It is a landmark work that continues to serve as an essential tool for those who both study and want to learn about deviance. In the new introduction, Travis Hirschi describes the setting in which 'Delinquency Research' was written, noting that it exudes a confident optimism that well-conducted research and analysis will quickly lead to important advances in the field. Hirschi maintains that twenty-eight years after 'Delinquency Research' was first published the validity of its optimistic view has been confirmed by the fact that the field of criminology is among the leading producers of high quality research. As a result, we know more about crime and delinquency than ever before. 'Delinquency Research' forms the basis for present and future studies of criminology and is a necessary addition to the libraries of sociologists, criminologists, scholars in the area of delinquency, and students interested in research methods.
Delinquency Research: An Appraisal of Analytic Methods
by Travis Hirschi Hanan C. SelvinThis remarkable guide to delinquency studies was co-winner of the 1968 C. Wright Mills Award for the best book in the field of social problems. The work is in effect three books in one: a forthright account of how to analyze survey data, a penetrating critique of delinquency research, and a set of original essays on methodology. It is a landmark work that continues to serve as an essential tool for those who both study and want to learn about deviance. In the new introduction, Travis Hirschi describes the setting in which 'Delinquency Research' was written, noting that it exudes a confident optimism that well-conducted research and analysis will quickly lead to important advances in the field. Hirschi maintains that twenty-eight years after 'Delinquency Research' was first published the validity of its optimistic view has been confirmed by the fact that the field of criminology is among the leading producers of high quality research. As a result, we know more about crime and delinquency than ever before. 'Delinquency Research' forms the basis for present and future studies of criminology and is a necessary addition to the libraries of sociologists, criminologists, scholars in the area of delinquency, and students interested in research methods.
Delinquency Theories: Appraisals and applications
by John P. HoffmannDelinquency Theories: Appraisals and applications provides a fulsome and accessible overview of contemporary theories of juvenile delinquency. The book opens with a comprehensive description of what a theory is, and explains how theories are created in the social sciences. Following on, each subsequent chapter is dedicated to describing an individual theory, broken down and illustrated within four distinct sections. Initially, each chapter tells the tale of a delinquent youth, and from this example a thorough review of the particular theory and related research can be undertaken to explain the youth’s delinquent behaviour. The third and fourth sections of each chapter critically analyze the theories, and provide a straightforward discussion of policy implications of each, thus encouraging readers to evaluate the usefulness of these theories and also to consider the relationship between theory and policy. This text is an invaluable resource for both undergraduate and graduate students of subjects such as youth justice, delinquency, social theory, and criminology.
Delinquency Theories: Appraisals and applications
by John P. HoffmannDelinquency Theories: Appraisals and applications provides a fulsome and accessible overview of contemporary theories of juvenile delinquency. The book opens with a comprehensive description of what a theory is, and explains how theories are created in the social sciences. Following on, each subsequent chapter is dedicated to describing an individual theory, broken down and illustrated within four distinct sections. Initially, each chapter tells the tale of a delinquent youth, and from this example a thorough review of the particular theory and related research can be undertaken to explain the youth’s delinquent behaviour. The third and fourth sections of each chapter critically analyze the theories, and provide a straightforward discussion of policy implications of each, thus encouraging readers to evaluate the usefulness of these theories and also to consider the relationship between theory and policy. This text is an invaluable resource for both undergraduate and graduate students of subjects such as youth justice, delinquency, social theory, and criminology.
Delinquent Girls: Contexts, Relationships, and Adaptation
by Shari Miller, Leslie D. D. Leve and Patricia K. K. KerigTraditionally, delinquent girls were considered an anomaly, a rare phenomenon attracting little scholarly notice. Today, more than one in four youth offenders is female, and researchers and practitioners alike are quickly turning their attention and resources to address this challenging situation. Delinquent Girls: Contexts, Relationships, and Adaptation synthesizes what is known about girls involved in delinquent behavior and their experiences at different points in the juvenile justice system.This breakthrough volume adds to the understanding of this population by offering empirical analysis not only of how these behaviors develop but also about what is being done to intervene. Employing multiple theoretical models, qualitative and quantitative data sources, law enforcement records, and insights across disciplines, leading scholars review causes and correlates; the roles of family and peers; psychological and legal issues; policy changes resulting in more arrests of young women; and evidence-based prevention and intervention strategies.Each chapter covers its subject in depth, providing theory, findings, and future directions. Important topics addressed include:Narrowing the gender gap – trends in girls’ delinquency.Girls at the intersection of juvenile justice, criminal justice, and child welfare.Trauma exposure, mental health issues, and girls’ delinquency.Beyond the stereotypes: girls in gangs.Intervention programs for at-risk and court-involved girls.Implications for practice and policy.With its broad scope and solution-oriented focus, Delinquent Girls: Contexts, Relationships, and Adaptation is a must-have volume for researchers, professionals, graduate students, and social policy experts in clinical child and school psychology, social work, juvenile justice, criminology, developmental psychology, and sociology.
Delinquenz-Verläufe im Jugendalter: Auswirkung von Labeling und Exklusion
by Marc SerafinMarc Serafin analysiert auf Grundlage einer qualitativen empirischen Studie delinquente Biografie-Verläufe Jugendlicher. In den Mittelpunkt stellt er dabei die subjektiven Sichtweisen der Jugendlichen selbst über ihre biografische Entwicklung und ihre interaktiven Erfahrungen mit sozialen Regelsetzungen in der Familie, der Schule, im Wohnumfeld und mit Akteuren der Jugendhilfe. Durch die sensible Erschließung und systematische Analyse des Erzählmaterials der Jugendlichen füllt der Autor eine bedeutsame Lücke in der Erforschung jugendlicher Delinquenz. Ganz im Sinne einer engagierten Sozialforschung gelingt ihm zudem ein kluger Theorie-Praxis-Transfer durch die Überführung der Befunde in Schlussfolgerungen für die Prävention von Delinquenz im Jugendalter.
Delivering Aid Without Government: International Aid and Civil Society Engagement in the Recovery and Reconstruction of the Gaza Strip (The Anthropocene: Politik—Economics—Society—Science #7)
by Tamer QarmoutIn a fragile and conflict-ridden context such as the Gaza Strip, where the de facto Hamas government faces isolation and lacks international recognition, the provision of aid and development schemes challenges donors and CSOs delivering services to Palestinians. This volume examines how international donors influenced the reconstruction and recovery policy agenda as well as its implementation. Moreover, as a result of the no-contact policy, recovery and reconstruction schemes were delivered with limited involvement from the de facto Hamas government, raising questions about the efficacy of the “governance without government” concept. This book examines the dynamics and the impact of international donors’ financing of Civil Society Organizations that were involved in the reconstruction of the Gaza Strip. It expands on the existing analysis of transnational aid actors’ influence found in the public policy literature while contributing to our understanding of the concrete, and more specific, impact of international donors’ financing on the livelihoods of the Palestinian people.
Delivering Benefits in Old Age: The Take up of the Minimum Income Guarantee
by Paul DornanAlthough means-testing for Social Security transfers is economical, it hasn't proven to be very effective. The Minimum Income Guarantee (MIG) and the Pension Credit initiatives implemented by the Labour Government in the UK have both suffered from low levels of take up amongst entitled pensioners. This book sheds important new light on this pressing problem, examining existing research on take-up and highlighting gaps in understanding. It explores the strengths and weaknesses of the theoretical base, drawing on European theory and applying it to the UK. Socio-economic, demographic and attitudinal trends are analyzed to elucidate the impact they have had, and will have, on the proportion entitled to MIG and its take-up rate. Current policy is also analyzed to explore the importance of take-up for the Labour government and the prospects of improving it. As high take-up would be an important step in combating poverty, this book offers solutions and options to tackle these problems. It is therefore of critical interest to academics and policy makers in the UK and around the world.
Delivering Benefits in Old Age: The Take up of the Minimum Income Guarantee
by Paul DornanAlthough means-testing for Social Security transfers is economical, it hasn't proven to be very effective. The Minimum Income Guarantee (MIG) and the Pension Credit initiatives implemented by the Labour Government in the UK have both suffered from low levels of take up amongst entitled pensioners. This book sheds important new light on this pressing problem, examining existing research on take-up and highlighting gaps in understanding. It explores the strengths and weaknesses of the theoretical base, drawing on European theory and applying it to the UK. Socio-economic, demographic and attitudinal trends are analyzed to elucidate the impact they have had, and will have, on the proportion entitled to MIG and its take-up rate. Current policy is also analyzed to explore the importance of take-up for the Labour government and the prospects of improving it. As high take-up would be an important step in combating poverty, this book offers solutions and options to tackle these problems. It is therefore of critical interest to academics and policy makers in the UK and around the world.
Delivering Business Analysis: The BA Service handbook
by Debra Paul Christina LovelockBusiness analysis (BA) is an important business operation, and with some coordinated effort, it can become an efficient and valuable business service. This book takes you through the creation and management of a BA service, from setting strategy to recruiting business analysts, to continuous improvement, through to useful supporting tools and technology. Top tips, case studies and worked examples are included throughout.
Delivering Business Analysis: The BA Service handbook
by Debra Paul Christina LovelockBusiness analysis (BA) is an important business operation, and with some coordinated effort, it can become an efficient and valuable business service. This book takes you through the creation and management of a BA service, from setting strategy to recruiting business analysts, to continuous improvement, through to useful supporting tools and technology. Top tips, case studies and worked examples are included throughout.
Delivering Family Justice in Late Modern Society in the wake of Legal Aid Reform
by Mavis MacleanLegal aid for family cases in private law, mainly divorce and separation, where the state is not directly involved as it is in public law cases where there are issues of domestic violence or neglect or abuse of children, came to an abrupt end together with help for welfare and immigration cases on April 1 2013 when the Legal Aid Sentencing and Punishment of Offenders Act (LASPO) came into effect. This book presents an account of the wide ranging problems which the researchers and practitioners expected to ensue. Sadly, their fears have been realised in many areas of legal help and advice. The National Audit Office was to take the view in 2014 that although the Ministry of Justice had succeeded in making considerable savings in the cause of austerity that they had failed to investigate or understand the impact of these cuts on the individuals concerned and society as a whole. This book was previously published as a special issue of the Journal of Social Welfare and Family Law.
Delivering Family Justice in Late Modern Society in the wake of Legal Aid Reform
by Mavis MacleanLegal aid for family cases in private law, mainly divorce and separation, where the state is not directly involved as it is in public law cases where there are issues of domestic violence or neglect or abuse of children, came to an abrupt end together with help for welfare and immigration cases on April 1 2013 when the Legal Aid Sentencing and Punishment of Offenders Act (LASPO) came into effect. This book presents an account of the wide ranging problems which the researchers and practitioners expected to ensue. Sadly, their fears have been realised in many areas of legal help and advice. The National Audit Office was to take the view in 2014 that although the Ministry of Justice had succeeded in making considerable savings in the cause of austerity that they had failed to investigate or understand the impact of these cuts on the individuals concerned and society as a whole. This book was previously published as a special issue of the Journal of Social Welfare and Family Law.
Delivering Fantastic Customer Experience: How to Turn Customer Satisfaction Into Customer Relationships
by Daniel LafrenièreIf you don’t offer great customer experience, your main competitors will take away 50% of your business. Period. Gone are the days in which businesses could simply offer an "OK" experience and get away with it. In today’s hypercompetitive environment, companies can no longer be just B2C or B2B. They must become B2Me – more personal, more relevant. With customers having higher expectations and access to more information than ever before, companies must create stellar, frictionless, personalized, and memorable customer experiences, if they plan to stay in the game. In this book, you will learn: • What customer experience truly is. • How emotions can increase customer loyalty…or make customers ditch a brand. • Which behaviors and attitudes lose customers. • Ten easy, practical, and proven ways to immediately improve your customer experience. • What renowned companies do to offer the best customer experience. This book is for anyone who works serving customers in a B2C company or other businesses in a B2B environment. Everyone has an important role to play in creating a good customer experience, whether it be managers, associates, sales reps, marketing professionals, web strategists, accountants, customer service reps, delivery people, or installers. No matter what role you play, this book offers easy tips, recommendations, and examples to help improve customer experience, realistically, sustainably, and affordably.
Delivering Fantastic Customer Experience: How to Turn Customer Satisfaction Into Customer Relationships
by Daniel LafrenièreIf you don’t offer great customer experience, your main competitors will take away 50% of your business. Period. Gone are the days in which businesses could simply offer an "OK" experience and get away with it. In today’s hypercompetitive environment, companies can no longer be just B2C or B2B. They must become B2Me – more personal, more relevant. With customers having higher expectations and access to more information than ever before, companies must create stellar, frictionless, personalized, and memorable customer experiences, if they plan to stay in the game. In this book, you will learn: • What customer experience truly is. • How emotions can increase customer loyalty…or make customers ditch a brand. • Which behaviors and attitudes lose customers. • Ten easy, practical, and proven ways to immediately improve your customer experience. • What renowned companies do to offer the best customer experience. This book is for anyone who works serving customers in a B2C company or other businesses in a B2B environment. Everyone has an important role to play in creating a good customer experience, whether it be managers, associates, sales reps, marketing professionals, web strategists, accountants, customer service reps, delivery people, or installers. No matter what role you play, this book offers easy tips, recommendations, and examples to help improve customer experience, realistically, sustainably, and affordably.
Delivering Happiness: A Path to Profits, Passion, and Purpose
by Tony Hsieh#1 NEW YORK TIMES AND WALL STREET JOURNAL BESTSELLERPay brand-new employees $2,000 to quitMake customer service the responsibility of the entire company-not just a departmentFocus on company culture as the #1 priorityApply research from the science of happiness to running a businessHelp employees grow-both personally and professionallySeek to change the worldOh, and make money too . . .Sound crazy? It's all standard operating procedure at Zappos, the online retailer that's doing over $1 billion in gross merchandise sales annually. After debuting as the highest-ranking newcomer in Fortune magazine's annual "Best Companies to Work For" list in 2009, Zappos was acquired by Amazon in a deal valued at over $1.2 billion on the day of closing.In DELIVERING HAPPINESS, Zappos CEO Tony Hsieh shares the different lessons he has learned in business and life, from starting a worm farm to running a pizza business, through LinkExchange, Zappos, and more. Fast-paced and down-to-earth, DELIVERING HAPPINESS shows how a very different kind of corporate culture is a powerful model for achieving success-and how by concentrating on the happiness of those around you, you can dramatically increase your own.To learn more about the book, go to www.deliveringhappinessbook.com.
Delivering on the Climate Emergency: Towards a Net Zero Carbon Built Environment
by Deo Prasad Aysu Kuru Philip Oldfield Lan Ding Malay Dave Caroline Noller Baojie HeThis book focuses on the transition towards net-zero carbon built environments to deliver on the climate emergency. It provides an evidence-based roadmap and proposes guidelines to achieving targets covering emerging technologies, materials, innovative design, regulations and policies.
Delivering Time Management for IT Professionals: A Trainer's Manual
by Dr Jan YagerIf you want to create an efficient and high performing team, use this book to help your employees develop strong time management skills that will bring personal and team success.
Delivery as Dispossession: Land Occupation and Eviction in the Postapartheid City (Global and Comparative Ethnography)
by Zachary LevensonA sweeping historical and political analysis with detailed ethnographic fieldwork of the politics of everyday life in postcolonial Africa. In post-apartheid South Africa, nearly a fifth of the urban population lives in shacks. Unable to wait any longer for government housing, people occupy land, typically seeking to fly under the state's radar. Yet in most cases, occupiers wind up in dialogue with the state. In Delivery as Dispossession, Zachary Levenson follows this journey from avoidance to incorporation, explaining how the post-apartheid Constitution shifts squatters' struggles onto the judicial register. Providing a comparative ethnographic account of two land occupations in Cape Town and highlighting occupiers' struggles, Levenson further demonstrates why it is that housing officials seek the eviction of all new occupations: they view these unsanctioned settlements as a threat to the order they believe is required for delivery. Yet in evicting occupiers, he argues, they reproduce the problem anew, with subsequent rounds of land occupation as the inevitable consequence. Offering a unique framework for thinking about local states, this book proposes a novel theory of the state that will change the way ethnographers think about politics.
Delivery as Dispossession: Land Occupation and Eviction in the Postapartheid City (Global and Comparative Ethnography)
by Zachary LevensonA sweeping historical and political analysis with detailed ethnographic fieldwork of the politics of everyday life in postcolonial Africa. In post-apartheid South Africa, nearly a fifth of the urban population lives in shacks. Unable to wait any longer for government housing, people occupy land, typically seeking to fly under the state's radar. Yet in most cases, occupiers wind up in dialogue with the state. In Delivery as Dispossession, Zachary Levenson follows this journey from avoidance to incorporation, explaining how the post-apartheid Constitution shifts squatters' struggles onto the judicial register. Providing a comparative ethnographic account of two land occupations in Cape Town and highlighting occupiers' struggles, Levenson further demonstrates why it is that housing officials seek the eviction of all new occupations: they view these unsanctioned settlements as a threat to the order they believe is required for delivery. Yet in evicting occupiers, he argues, they reproduce the problem anew, with subsequent rounds of land occupation as the inevitable consequence. Offering a unique framework for thinking about local states, this book proposes a novel theory of the state that will change the way ethnographers think about politics.
Delphi-Befragungen: Ein Arbeitsbuch
by Michael HäderSeit Mitte der neunziger Jahre gewinnen Delphi-Befragungen wachsende Bedeutung in Politik und Wirtschaft. Denn sie ermöglichen es, stichhaltige Einschätzungen über einen per se unklaren Sachverhalt - zum Beispiel die Zukunft des Internet - zu generieren. Dazu werden Experten in einem mehrstufigen, anonymen Verfahren nach ihrer Einschätzung gefragt und dadurch zu kompetenteren Urteilen geleitet. Dieses Buch ist Einführung in und Arbeitsbuch für die Durchführung von Delphi-Befragungen. Der Autor gibt Anleitungen für das adäquate Design der vier etablierten Befragungstypen (Aggregation von Ideen, Strukturierung eines diffusen Sachverhalts, Qualifizierung von Expertenmeinungen, Schaffung eines Konsenses unter den Experten). Dabei stellt er jeweils alle wichtigen Aspekte des Verfahrens detailliert dar, zum Beispiel die Auswahl der Teilnehmer, die Erstellung des Fragebogens, die Gestaltung des Feed-backs und die Analyse der gewonnenen Daten. Darüber hinaus soll der Band die von Kritikern oft eingeforderte theoretische Fundierung des Verfahrens liefern. Basis dazu sind kognitionspsychologische Überlegungen und empirische Befunde zur Evaluation des Delphi-Ansatzes. Zahlreiche kommentierte Literaturhinweise ermöglichen dem interessierten Leser gezielten Zugang zu weiteren Informationen.
Delphi-Befragungen: Ein Arbeitsbuch
by Michael HäderSeit Mitte der neunziger Jahre gewinnen Delphi-Befragungen wachsende Bedeutung in Politik und Wirtschaft. Denn sie ermöglichen es, stichhaltige Einschätzungen über einen per se unklaren Sachverhalt - zum Beispiel die Zukunft des Internet - zu generieren. Dazu werden Experten in einem mehrstufigen, anonymen Verfahren nach ihrer Einschätzung gefragt und dadurch zu kompetenteren Urteilen geleitet. Dieses Buch ist Einführung in und Arbeitsbuch für die Durchführung von Delphi-Befragungen. Der Autor gibt Anleitungen für das adäquate Design der vier etablierten Befragungstypen (Aggregation von Ideen, Strukturierung eines diffusen Sachverhalts, Qualifizierung von Expertenmeinungen, Schaffung eines Konsenses unter den Experten). Dabei stellt er jeweils alle wichtigen Aspekte des Verfahrens detailliert dar, zum Beispiel die Auswahl der Teilnehmer, die Erstellung des Fragebogens, die Gestaltung des Feed-backs und die Analyse der gewonnenen Daten. Darüber hinaus soll der Band die von Kritikern oft eingeforderte theoretische Fundierung des Verfahrens liefern. Basis dazu sind kognitionspsychologische Überlegungen und empirische Befunde zur Evaluation des Delphi-Ansatzes. Zahlreiche kommentierte Literaturhinweise ermöglichen dem interessierten Leser gezielten Zugang zu weiteren Informationen.
Delphi-Befragungen: Ein Arbeitsbuch
by Michael HäderDelphi-Befragungen richten sich an eine Expertengruppe, die in einer anonymen Situation über einen unklaren Sachverhalt, z.B. die Zukunft, eine Vermutung äußern. Das Ergebnis dieser Erhebung wird den Teilnehmern mitgeteilt. Danach wird vor diesem Hintergrund die Befragung wiederholt. Seit Mitte der 90er Jahre ist eine erhöhte Aufmerksamkeit gegenüber Delphi-Befragungen zu bemerken. Vermehrt sind Delphi-Befragungen beziehungsweise deren Ergebnisse auch Gegenstand der Ausbildung an Universitäten und Fachhochschulen geworden. Diese Monographie versucht - im Sinne eines How-to-do - zu zeigen, welche Ergebnisse von Delphi-Befragungen zu erwarten sind und in welchen Schritten solche Befragungen vorbereitet, durchgeführt und ausgewertet werden können. Gegenstand sind außerdem konkrete Erfahrungen, die aus einer Vielzahl von Delphi-Studien gewonnen wurden und die auf diesem Weg einem breiteren Interessentenkreis vorgestellt werden sollen.
Delphi-Verfahren in den Sozial- und Gesundheitswissenschaften: Konzept, Varianten und Anwendungsbeispiele
by Marlen Niederberger Ortwin RennDelphi-Verfahren ermöglichen die systematische Erfassung von Expert_innenurteilen. Sie haben sich vor allem dann bewährt, wenn für die Beantwortung einer Forschungsfrage eine gewisse Sachkenntnis und Urteilsfähigkeit benötigt wird. Es gibt verschiedene Varianten von Delphi-Verfahren, wie das Gruppendelphi oder das Real-Time-Delphi. In dem Buch werden die aktuellen methodischen Entwicklungen und Anwendungsbeispiele aus den Sozial- und Gesundheitswissenschaften vorgestellt.Der Inhalt● Delphi-Verfahren: Konzepte und Varianten – Erkenntnistheoretische Diskussion - Praktische Herausforderungen – Delphi in den Sozial- und Gesundheitswissenschaften – Real-Time Delphi – Delphi-Märkte● Anwendungsbeispiele für Delphi-Verfahren – Qualifikationsanforderungen, Handlungsempfehlungen zur Weiterentwicklung und Strategieentwicklung in der Gesundheitswirtschaft – Personalerhaltung und -gewinnung in der beruflichen Pflege – Gruppendelphi zur Adipositasprävention– Sicherheits- und Gesundheitskompetenz bei der Arbeit – Delphi-Verfahren in der GesundheitsförderungDie HerausgeberJProf. Dr. Marlen Niederberger ist Juniorprofessorin für Forschungsmethoden in der Gesundheitsförderung und Prävention an der PH Schwäbisch Gmünd.Prof. Dr. Ortwin Renn ist Wissenschaftlicher Direktor am Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies, Potsdam (IASS).