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Outback Survival
by Bob CooperOutback Survival is a timeless, practical run down on everything you need to know to survive in the outback.Bob Cooper's incredible bushcraft skills have been developed through more than 25 years of experience in Australia's harsh outback. He has picked up tools of survival from the experiences of living with traditional Aboriginal communities, instructing with Special Forces Units, lecturing with the Texas Parks and Wildlife Service on desert survival in the Mexican Desert, delivering wilderness lessons in the UK and learning the skills of the bushmen of the Kalahari Desert in Botswana.Bob has put his own lessons to the test, dropping himself off in the 42C heat of the Australian desert with only a map and soap box sized survival kit, no food, water or sleeping gear, and a 10 day walk across 160km of rough terrain back to safety. He did this alone and showed that with the right knowledge of the land, you can survive in even the harshest of conditions.The outback of Australia is one of the most unforgiving regions of the world, but Bob is committed to protecting and enhancing the experience people have when venturing out into the bush.
Outcasts of the Islands (Text Only): The Sea Gypsies Of South East Asia
by Sebastian HopeAn enchanting tale of travels among South East Asia’s Sea Gypsies, scattered groups of semi-nomadic fisher people who occupy the spaces between the islands.
The Outdoor Classroom Ages 3-7: Using Ideas From Forest Schools To Enrich Learning
by Karen ConstableThis fully revised edition of Understanding the Danish Forest School Approach is a much needed source of information for those wishing to extend and consolidate their understanding of the Danish Forest School Approach. It enables analysis of the essential elements of this particular approach to early childhood teaching and the relationship it holds with quality early years practice. Describing the key principles of the Forest School Approach to early childhood, and heavily supported with practical examples and case studies, each chapter ends with highlighted key points, followed by reflections on practice to aid discussion and reflection on own practice. Including a new chapter on the curriculum, this text explores all aspects of the approach including: The geographical, historical, social and cultural influences that have shaped the philosophy and pedagogy of the early years setting in Denmark. The people and theories that have influenced and supported the practices of using the outdoors with children. An analysis of the learning environments, their risks and challenges and what a learning environment is made up of. The Danish early years curriculum; the areas of learning and the way pedagogues facilitate the learning processes. Parental, political and research perspectives on the approach and the sustainability of its future. Understanding the Danish Forest School Approach highlights the key ideas that practitioners should consider when reviewing and reflecting on their own practice, and outlines the national appraisals and evaluations of the curriculum. Providing students and practitioners with key information about a major pedagogical influence on early years practice, this is a vital text for students, early years and childcare practitioners, teachers, early years professionals, children’s centre professionals, lecturers, advisory teachers and setting managers.
The Outer Banks Gazetteer: The History of Place Names from Carova to Emerald Isle
by Roger L. PayneThe rich history of North Carolina's Outer Banks is reflected in the names of its towns, geographic features, and waterways. A book over twenty years in the making, The Outer Banks Gazetteer is a comprehensive reference guide to the region's place names—over 3,000 entries in all. Along the way, Roger L. Payne has cataloged an incredible history of beaches, inlets, towns and communities, islands, rivers, and even sand dunes. There are also many entries for locations that no longer exist—inlets that have disappeared due to erosion or storms, abandoned towns, and Native American villages—which highlight important and nearly forgotten places in North Carolina's history. Going beyond simply recounting the facts behind the names, Payne offers information-packed and entertainingly written stories of North Carolina, its coastal geography, and its people.Perfect for anyone interested in the North Carolina coast, this invaluable reference guide uncovers the history of one of the most-visited areas in the Southeast.
Outlandish: Walking Europe's Unlikely Landscapes
by Nick HuntIn Outlandish, acclaimed travel writer Nick Hunt takes us across landscapes that should not be there, wildernesses found in Europe yet seemingly belonging to far-off continents: a patch of Arctic tundra in Scotland; the continent's largest surviving remnant of primeval forest in Poland and Belarus; Europe's only true desert in Spain; and the fathomless grassland steppes of Hungary.From snow-capped mountain range to dense green forest, desert ravines to threadbare, yellow open grassland, these anomalies transport us to faraway regions of the world. More like pockets of Africa, Asia, the Poles or North America, they make our own continent seem larger, stranger and more filled with secrets.Against the rapid climate breakdown of deserts, steppes and primeval jungles across the world, this book discovers the outlandish environments so much closer to home - along with their abundant wildlife: reindeer; bison; ibex; wolves and herds of wild horses. Blending sublime travel writing, nature writing and history - by way of Paleolithic cave art, reindeer nomads, desert wanderers, shamans, Slavic forest gods, European bison, Wild West fantasists, eco-activists, horseback archers, Big Grey Men and other unlikely spirits of place - these desolate and rich environments show us that the strange has always been near.
Outlaw: India's Bandit Queen and Me
by Roy MoxhamIn June 1992, author Roy Moxham did a very strange thing: he wrote to a bandit in an Indian jail. Phoolan Devi was the controversial and charismatic 'Bandit Queen' hailed as a modern-day Robin Hood in the villages surrounding Delhi. In revenge for her own gang rape, her followers killed 20 high-caste Indians, which led to her surrender and imprisonment.Struck by her story and appalled by her plight, Roy Moxham helped Phoolan Devi obtain justice, offered her encouragement when she became an MP in India on her release, and travelled with her for several years before she was finally gunned down in 2001. Based on the diaries that documented their extraordinary friendship, Moxham offers a fascinating portrait of a remarkable woman and reveals the hidden face of India.
The Outlaws of Ennor: A devishly plotted medieval mystery (A\medieval West Country Mystery Ser. #Bk. 16)
by Michael JecksSeparated, but working on the same mystery, what will befall Sir Baldwin and Simon Puttock after a devastating shipwreck? The brooding Scilly Isles provide the backdrop to Michael Jecks' absorbing sixteenth mystery, The Outlaws of Ennor, featuring the ever-popular Sir Baldwin de Furnshill and Bailiff Simon Puttock. Perfect for fans of Susanna Gregory and C.J. Sansom. 'Tremendously successful medieval mystery series' - Sunday Independent On the return from their pilgrimage to Santiago de Compostela, in the summer of 1323, Sir Baldwin de Furnshill and Bailiff Simon Puttock's ship is attacked by pirates. They fight their attackers off, but then there are too few shipmen when a terrible storm strikes. As the ship breaks up, Simon sees Baldwin washed overboard. Distraught, Simon makes his way to shore.But on the island of Ennor, he must put aside his fears and investigate the murder of Robert, the island's hated tax collector, at the behest of master of the castle, Ranulph de Blancminster.Meanwhile, washed up on the other side of the island, Baldwin begins his own investigation of the same murder. As the friends dig deeper, they become embroiled in a bitter rivalry between the two island communities. Can they uncover the truth in time to prevent certain massacre? What readers are saying about The Outlaws of Ennor: 'Michael's books are full of intrigue and mystery and they are particularly well researched''What a great book this was...Michael Jecks is a great writer and in this genre, I don't think you will find anyone better''Five stars'
Outline map of South America (tactile)
by Sheffield Vi ServiceThis is an outline map of South America showing the border of Brazil.
Outpost: A Journey to the Wild Ends of the Earth
by Dan RichardsThere are still wild places out there on our crowded planet. Through a series of personal journeys, Dan Richards explores the appeal of far-flung outposts in mountains, tundra, forests, oceans and deserts. Following a route from the Cairngorms of Scotland to the fire-watch lookouts of Washington State; from Iceland’s ‘Houses of Joy’ to the Utah desert; frozen ghost towns in Svalbard to shrines in Japan; Roald Dahl’s writing hut to a lighthouse in the North Atlantic, Richards explores landscapes which have inspired writers, artists and musicians, and asks: why are we drawn to wilderness? What can we do to protect them? And what does the future hold for outposts on the edge?
Outposts: Journeys to the Surviving Relics of the British Empire
by Simon WinchesterThe reissue of a Simon Winchester classicIn 1985 Simon Winchester, struck by a sudden need to discover exactly what was left of the British Empire travelled 100,000 miles back and forth from Antarctica to the Caribbean to visit the far-flung islands that are all that remain of what once made Britain great. His adventures in these distant and forgotten ends of the earth make compelling and often funny reading. With a new introduction and additional material in many of the chapters, this revised edition tells us what has happened while the author's been away.
Outrageous Grace: Taking the Long Way Home
by John Otterbacher'If you fall far enough, its hard to know when you hit bottom. The air gets sucked out of you on the way down.'This is an inspirational story of a family man struck down with heartfailure in his prime - just as he and his wife (and children) haddecided to sail a circuit of the Atlantic for a year. Devastated thathis plans are thwarted he endures seven operations in eight months asprocedure after procedure fails, with heart attacks in between.Finally, he has to endure open heart surgery - and immediately makesplans for his 'trip'.This is the story of an incredibly determined sailor totally unwillingto give up his dream in the face of massive odds. Narrated withpresent-tense immediacy, this is John's account of drowning in heartdisease, fighting back to the surface and sailing on. It begins withhim flat on his back in a local health club, gasping for air. It ends31 months and 4000 miles later when he and his family sail their boatinto Schull Harbour, Ireland.Funny, tragic, uplifting, humorous - it will 'speak' not only to timidsailors, wondering if they are brave enough to take that big step(whatever 'big' is in their own terms) but also to anyone facingimmense difficulties, setbacks and even life-threatening danger intheir non-sailing lives. It is an inspirational story with a messagefor everyone.Yachting Monthly will publish an extract from the book and do an offthe page offer on the book. And the author is prepared to do talks inthe UK (he's currently considering an invite to speak at the RGS andthe Sailor's Society in 2009). He self-published in the USA where thebook was a finalist in the Best Book Award by USA Book News. Mostrecently it was awarded an Indie Award as Best New Non-Fiction Book ofthe Year.
Outrageous Grace: Taking the Long Way Home
by John Otterbacher'If you fall far enough, it's hard to know when you hit bottom. The air gets sucked out of you on the way down.'This is the inspirational story of an incredibly determined sailor refusing to give up his dream in the face of massive odds. Just as he and his family had decided to sail a circuit of the Atlantic for a year, John is struck down with heart failure. Devastated that his plans are thwarted, he endures seven operations in eight months as procedure after procedure fails. Finally, he has to endure open heart surgery - and immediately makes plans for his 'trip'.Narrated with present-tense immediacy, this is John's account of drowning in heart disease, fighting back to the surface and sailing on. It begins with him flat on his back in a local health club, gasping for air. It ends 31 months and 4,000 miles later as he and his family sail their boat into Schull Harbour, Ireland.Funny, tragic, uplifting, moving and humorous - it will speak not only to timid sailors, wondering if they are brave enough to take that big step (whatever 'big' is in their own terms) but also to anyone facing immense difficulties, setbacks and even life-threatening danger in their non-sailing lives. It is an inspirational story with a message for everyone.John Otterbacher self-published in the USA, where the book was a finalist in the Best Book Award by USA Book News and won an Indie Award for Best New Non-Fiction Book of the Year.'Inspiring - couldn't put it down.' Pete Goss
Over The Hills And Far Away
by Candida Lycett GreenFrom her early childhood, when her inspirational mother would take her on trips along her beloved Ridgeway in a horse-drawn cart, Candida Lycett Green has retained a love of green lanes and tracks, of moving along at horse's pace and casting an eye on the beauty of England through the back door. Her insatiable appetite for exploring unknown territory has led her to travel all over the country by horse for weeks at a time, and often these journeys have come at important turning points in her life. Lyrical yet down-to-earth, framed by a recent 150-mile journey through Yorkshire and Northumberland with a friend, Over the Hills and Far Away dips back into past journeys by horse that also reflect her idyllic childhood in the bohemian Betjeman household, a charmed youth in the Swinging Sixties, a year-long honeymoon journey overland to India, early days at Private Eye, and the ups and downs of thirty-nine years of marriage and motherhood. Her story is made all the more poignant by her recent fight with breast cancer.
Over the Hills and Far Away: A life in the mountains: From Snowdonia to the Himalaya (Ep Mountaineering Essays Ser.)
by Rob Collister‘The whole trail has been orchestrated to make it possible for each one of us, in different ways, to be “touched” by wilderness’Over the Hills and Far Away is a collection of essays that demonstrates Rob Collister’s thirty-year experience in mountaineering. From solo climbing in the hills of the Carneddau in Wales, to small group expeditions to Carn Etchachan, Forbes ridge and Grosshorn, Rob Collister can be found in the hills, whether it be running, climbing or skiing, inspired by the words of H.W. Tilman and Henry David Thoreau.This collection of essays tackles the theme of self-sufficient small group expeditions compared to the organised larger-sized ones, as well as displaying the timeless subject of litter disposal in summits by a fresh invasion of the mountains in Snowdonia and the conservation of the wilderness by the creation of schools such as Wilderness Leadership School.His sense of adventure is shown through his words and passionate descriptions, climbing out of conditions and finding a challenge in Alpine climbing. In Over Hills and Far Away we understand the importance of nature and appreciation of it. This book will expand your knowledge of modern world issues and it will leave you hungry for adventure in the hills.
The Overcomers: Stories and Lessons from Entrepreneurs of a Resilient Nation
by Alef MeulenbergWhat would you do if you suddenly lost everything? If the business you’ve put your heart and soul into is gone overnight? This question became a reality for many entrepreneurs whose businesses were destroyed during the looting of July 2021 in South Africa.Alef Meulenberg travelled into the heart of townships like Alexandra in Johannesburg and the deep rural settings of KwaZulu-Natal to follow ten entrepreneurs who built businesses from nothing, nurtured and grew them over the years, only to lose everything during this time.In The Overcomers Alef provides us with each of these entrepreneurs’ stories – where they come from, what they do, what happened during the looting and how they recovered from such a devastating event. And, importantly, Alef writes about the dreams of these remarkable entrepreneurs and their plans to grow their businesses going forward.These stories about hardship, resilience, determination and hope are the backdrop for valuable lessons for all of us, in both business and life.Let’s learn from those who have come out on the other side.Let us learn from the overcomers.
Overtourism: Excesses, Discontents and Measures in Travel and Tourism
by Daisuke Abe Dario Bertocchi Macià Blázquez-Salom Antonia Canosa Ernest Cañada Carlos Costa Margarida Ferreira Silva Roos Gerritsma Judy Kepher-Gona Anne Graham Jaume Gual-Carbonell Dimitri Ioannides Gunnar Thór Jóhannesson Jon Kohl Professor Katrín Anna Lund Ivan Murray Mathias Pecot Carla Ricaurte-Quijano Asunción Blanco-Romero Ivana Stevic Medéia Veríssimo Neiva Vieira Cunha Francesco Visentin Erica WilsonThis book examines the evolution of the phenomenon and explores the genesis of overtourism and the system dynamics underlining it. The 'overtourism' phenomenon is defined as the excessive growth of visitors leading to overcrowding and the consequential suffering of residents, due to temporary and often seasonal tourism peaks, that lead to permanent changes in lifestyles, amenities and well- being. Enormous tensions in overtourism affected destinations have driven the intensification of policy making and scholarly attention toward seeking antidotes to an issue that is considered paradoxical and problematic. Moving beyond the 'top 10 things you can do about overtourism', this book examines the evolution of the phenomenon and explores the genesis of overtourism as well as the system dynamics underpinning it. With a rigorous scientific approach, the book uses systems-thinking and contemporary paradigms around sustainable development, resilience planning and degrowth; while considering global economic, socio-political, environmental discourses. This book: - Deconstructs 'overtourism' and considers the many constituent parts that have led to its current conceptualisations; - Presents globally diverse views of overtourism through numerous case studies; - Is written in plain language accessible to readers beyond the academic context. Researchers, analysts, policy makers and industry stakeholders working within tourism as well as those within the private sector, community groups, civil society groups and NGOs will find this book an essential source of information.
Overtourism: Causes, Implications and Solutions
by Tatiana Gladkikh Hugues Séraphin Tan Vo ThanhThe term ‘overtourism’ has come into prominence since 2017 and refers to the fact that, due to various factors such as more sophisticated marketing strategies, a large number of tourists visit the same place at the same time. The consequences are felt by the locals, the tourists themselves as well as the environment. As a result, tourismphobia and anti-tourism movements have emerged as ways for locals to reclaim their lifestyle by refusing to interact with visitors and sometimes discouraging them to visit.This book presents new research on this emerging phenomenon and discusses the main causes and implications before putting forward possible solutions. The authors take an interpretivist approach in order to unveil aspects of overtourism that have not yet been discussed. It provides case studies and explores topics such as tourism education, overtourism of cultural and heritage sites, and the need for sustainable tourism development.
Overtourism: Tourism Management and Solutions (Contemporary Geographies of Leisure, Tourism and Mobility)
by Elisa Innerhofer Greta Erschbamer Harald PechlanerOvertourism explores a growing phenomenon in tourism that is currently creating tensions in both urban and rural tourist destinations worldwide. This volume proposes a framework for a series of possible solutions and management strategies for dealing with overtourism and the various negative impacts that large quantities of tourists can impose. Questioning the causes of this phenomenon – such as increased prosperity and mobility, technological development, issues of security and stigma for certain parts of the world, and so on – this book supposes that better visitor management strategies and distribution of tourists can offset the negative impacts of overtourism. Individual chapters focus on a range of destinations including Venice, Barcelona and Dubrovnik, as well as UNESCO cultural and natural heritage sites, where local political actors and public authorities are not always able to deal with the situation effectively. Integrating research and practice, this book will be of great interest to upper-level students, researchers and academics in tourism, development studies, cultural studies and sustainability, as well as professionals in the field of tourism management.
Overtourism: Tourism Management and Solutions (Contemporary Geographies of Leisure, Tourism and Mobility)
by Elisa Innerhofer Greta Erschbamer Harald PechlanerOvertourism explores a growing phenomenon in tourism that is currently creating tensions in both urban and rural tourist destinations worldwide. This volume proposes a framework for a series of possible solutions and management strategies for dealing with overtourism and the various negative impacts that large quantities of tourists can impose. Questioning the causes of this phenomenon – such as increased prosperity and mobility, technological development, issues of security and stigma for certain parts of the world, and so on – this book supposes that better visitor management strategies and distribution of tourists can offset the negative impacts of overtourism. Individual chapters focus on a range of destinations including Venice, Barcelona and Dubrovnik, as well as UNESCO cultural and natural heritage sites, where local political actors and public authorities are not always able to deal with the situation effectively. Integrating research and practice, this book will be of great interest to upper-level students, researchers and academics in tourism, development studies, cultural studies and sustainability, as well as professionals in the field of tourism management.
Overtourism and Cruise Tourism in Emerging Destinations on the Arabian Peninsula (Routledge Insights in Tourism Series)
by Manuela GutberletCruise tourism is one of the fastest growing sectors worldwide. This book is the first of its kind to provide in-depth insights into the emergence of mega-cruise tourism in destinations on the Arabian Peninsula and its impacts on local communities, their spaces, cultures, identities and tourist experiences. It offers a micro-sociological analysis, calling for holistic, participatory, mindful approaches and to rethink current exploitative tourism planning and development. It assumes a high political, social and economic importance within globalization. It draws on a long-term field study in an under-researched region in Asia that developed large-scale tourism recently to diversify the economy. The book provides insights on the destination development from a state of continuous growth to a sudden fall in tourism activities due to a sudden shock, caused by the global health pandemic and its resilience. It explores the sociocultural, economic and spatial challenges faced in international tourism development and its power relations analysed from different perspectives and within time. It analyses time-space compression, overtourism, urban tourism, nature-based tourism, enclavization, social capital, imaginaries, Cultural Ecosystem Services, slow tourism as well as just tourism. The book provides an innovative contribution to the planning and development of tourism destinations, communities and their spaces in which tourism operates in a fast pace. It will be of interest to academics, undergraduate and postgraduate students in the field of tourism and hospitality management, geography, sociology, anthropology, urban planning and environmental sciences. Moreover, the book will be useful for practitioners and policymakers around the globe, as well as all those interested in the fast emergence and the impacts of mega-cruise tourism.
Overtourism and Cruise Tourism in Emerging Destinations on the Arabian Peninsula (Routledge Insights in Tourism Series)
by Manuela GutberletCruise tourism is one of the fastest growing sectors worldwide. This book is the first of its kind to provide in-depth insights into the emergence of mega-cruise tourism in destinations on the Arabian Peninsula and its impacts on local communities, their spaces, cultures, identities and tourist experiences. It offers a micro-sociological analysis, calling for holistic, participatory, mindful approaches and to rethink current exploitative tourism planning and development. It assumes a high political, social and economic importance within globalization. It draws on a long-term field study in an under-researched region in Asia that developed large-scale tourism recently to diversify the economy. The book provides insights on the destination development from a state of continuous growth to a sudden fall in tourism activities due to a sudden shock, caused by the global health pandemic and its resilience. It explores the sociocultural, economic and spatial challenges faced in international tourism development and its power relations analysed from different perspectives and within time. It analyses time-space compression, overtourism, urban tourism, nature-based tourism, enclavization, social capital, imaginaries, Cultural Ecosystem Services, slow tourism as well as just tourism. The book provides an innovative contribution to the planning and development of tourism destinations, communities and their spaces in which tourism operates in a fast pace. It will be of interest to academics, undergraduate and postgraduate students in the field of tourism and hospitality management, geography, sociology, anthropology, urban planning and environmental sciences. Moreover, the book will be useful for practitioners and policymakers around the globe, as well as all those interested in the fast emergence and the impacts of mega-cruise tourism.
Overtourism as Destination Risk: Impacts and Solutions (Tourism Security-Safety and Post Conflict Destinations)
by Anukrati Sharma, Azizul HassanThe tourism industry provides a vital lifeline in helping to develop and enhance the economic growth of cities, states, and nations, but there is growing concern internationally about how overtourism in certain regions is having an adverse impact on a number of tourist destinations. Overtourism as Destination Risk: Impacts and Solutions presents a range of researcher perspectives discussing current issues in the overtourism debate, including unplanned expansion and construction, environmental imbalance and damage, pollution and deforestation, as well as measures and possible solutions to tackle the problem of overtourism and its spread. This book specifically focuses on Coimbra in Portugal, Amsterdam in the Netherlands and Shimla in India. This book foregrounds the tourist's responsibility to respect destinations and provides an in-depth assessment of possible risk factors and the conflicted role of the media and marketing organizations as image-makers of tourist destinations. This book is essential reading for academics and researchers from the fields of tourism studies, social sciences, environmental sciences, humanities and relevant disciplines.
Overtourism as Destination Risk: Impacts and Solutions (Tourism Security-Safety and Post Conflict Destinations)
by Anukrati Sharma Azizul HassanThe tourism industry provides a vital lifeline in helping to develop and enhance the economic growth of cities, states, and nations, but there is growing concern internationally about how overtourism in certain regions is having an adverse impact on a number of tourist destinations. Overtourism as Destination Risk: Impacts and Solutions presents a range of researcher perspectives discussing current issues in the overtourism debate, including unplanned expansion and construction, environmental imbalance and damage, pollution and deforestation, as well as measures and possible solutions to tackle the problem of overtourism and its spread. This book specifically focuses on Coimbra in Portugal, Amsterdam in the Netherlands and Shimla in India. This book foregrounds the tourist's responsibility to respect destinations and provides an in-depth assessment of possible risk factors and the conflicted role of the media and marketing organizations as image-makers of tourist destinations. This book is essential reading for academics and researchers from the fields of tourism studies, social sciences, environmental sciences, humanities and relevant disciplines.
The Overtourism Debate: NIMBY, Nuisance, Commodification
by Jeroen OskamMany cities focused on tourist development and city marketing to keep their economies afloat during the financial crisis of 2008-2013, but the subsequent economic recovery saw a combination of growing visitor numbers, changing behavior patterns and price hikes, especially in real estate, that created the conditions for a 'perfect storm'. Anti-tourism protests have emerged and have even started to dominate the political debate in cities around the world, especially in Europe. Cities such as Amsterdam, Barcelona, Berlin and Lisbon have developed policies to mitigate the negative externalities of tourism growth for their residents. Jeroen Oskam's wide ranging work examines many of the most important issues in the debate on overtourism including: crowdedness and competition between tourists and locals in the use of city services displacement of services catering to locals by tourist amenities cultural or physical alienation protests against overtourism often associate the phenomenon with the presence of urban vacation rentals measures against overtourism, e.g. restrictions on short-term rentals, access restrictions, economic measures and reconducting tourist streams. The academic debate in this book spans multiple disciplines, such as Tourism, Geography, Urban Planning, Law and Economics. The approaches are equally varied: while many Tourism scholars try to save or justify tourism growth, Urban Planners may preferably seek to prevent gentrification, to minimize tourism externalities and to 'return' the city to its residents. The purpose of this book is to include the different positions in the debate; to give insight in the potential future evolution of the phenomenon; to propose policies and strategies and to identify underlying mechanisms of the massification of travel.
The Overtourism Debate: NIMBY, Nuisance, Commodification
by Jeroen A. OskamMany cities focused on tourist development and city marketing to keep their economies afloat during the financial crisis of 2008-2013, but the subsequent economic recovery saw a combination of growing visitor numbers, changing behavior patterns and price hikes, especially in real estate, that created the conditions for a 'perfect storm'. Anti-tourism protests have emerged and have even started to dominate the political debate in cities around the world, especially in Europe. Cities such as Amsterdam, Barcelona, Berlin and Lisbon have developed policies to mitigate the negative externalities of tourism growth for their residents. Jeroen Oskam's wide ranging work examines many of the most important issues in the debate on overtourism including: crowdedness and competition between tourists and locals in the use of city services displacement of services catering to locals by tourist amenities cultural or physical alienation protests against overtourism often associate the phenomenon with the presence of urban vacation rentals measures against overtourism, e.g. restrictions on short-term rentals, access restrictions, economic measures and reconducting tourist streams. The academic debate in this book spans multiple disciplines, such as Tourism, Geography, Urban Planning, Law and Economics. The approaches are equally varied: while many Tourism scholars try to save or justify tourism growth, Urban Planners may preferably seek to prevent gentrification, to minimize tourism externalities and to 'return' the city to its residents. The purpose of this book is to include the different positions in the debate; to give insight in the potential future evolution of the phenomenon; to propose policies and strategies and to identify underlying mechanisms of the massification of travel.