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Countering Nuclear and Radiological Terrorism (Nato Security through Science Series B: #Vol. 7)

Sinc the dissolution of the Soviet Union the nuclear threats facing the world are complex and constantly evolving.This volume is structured to promote wide-ranging, multi-national exploration of critical technology needs and underlying scientific challenges to reducing the threat of nuclear/radiological terrorism; to illustrate through country-specific presentations how resulting technologies were used in national programs; and to outline the role of legal, policy and institutional frameworks in countering nuclear/radiological terrorism.

Countering Terrorism and WMD: Creating a Global Counter-Terrorism Network (Political Violence)

This volume shows us that in order to deal with today’s Fourth Generation asymmetric warfare by terrorist groups using conventional arms and weapons of mass destruction, we need a new ‘global networked’ approach. The contributors examine the various attempts that have been made to counter the latest wave of terrorism, including the US strikes against Afghanistan and Iraq, President George W. Bush's declaration of a ‘war against terrorism’, the creation of the US Department of Homeland Security, and the 9/11 Commission. Drawing from our experience with ‘Terrorism Early Warning’ and the co-production of counter-terrorism intelligence, this book explains the need for such a network and shows how it could be formed. It compiles the opinions of experts from clinical medicine, public policy, law enforcement and the military. These expert contributors identify the nature of a global counter-terrorism network, show how it could be created, and provide clear guidelines for gauging its future effectiveness. This book will be of great interest to all students of terrorism studies, US national security, international relations, and political science in general.

Countering Terrorism and WMD: Creating a Global Counter-Terrorism Network (Political Violence)

This volume shows us that in order to deal with today’s Fourth Generation asymmetric warfare by terrorist groups using conventional arms and weapons of mass destruction, we need a new ‘global networked’ approach. The contributors examine the various attempts that have been made to counter the latest wave of terrorism, including the US strikes against Afghanistan and Iraq, President George W. Bush's declaration of a ‘war against terrorism’, the creation of the US Department of Homeland Security, and the 9/11 Commission. Drawing from our experience with ‘Terrorism Early Warning’ and the co-production of counter-terrorism intelligence, this book explains the need for such a network and shows how it could be formed. It compiles the opinions of experts from clinical medicine, public policy, law enforcement and the military. These expert contributors identify the nature of a global counter-terrorism network, show how it could be created, and provide clear guidelines for gauging its future effectiveness. This book will be of great interest to all students of terrorism studies, US national security, international relations, and political science in general.

The Counterrevolution: How Our Government Went To War Against Its Own Citizens

Militarized police officers with tanks and drones. Pervasive government surveillance and profiling. Social media that distract and track us. All of these, contends Bernard E. Harcourt, are facets of a new and radical governing paradigm in the United States -- one rooted in the modes of warfare originally developed to suppress anticolonial revolutions and, more recently, to prosecute the war on terror. The Counterrevolution is a penetrating and disturbing account of the rise of counterinsurgency, first as a military strategy but increasingly as a way of ruling ordinary Americans. Harcourt shows how counterinsurgency's principles -- bulk intelligence collection, ruthless targeting of minorities, pacifying propaganda -- have taken hold domestically despite the absence of any radical uprising. This counterrevolution against phantom enemies, he argues, is the tyranny of our age. Seeing it clearly is the first step to resisting it effectively.

Counting on Katherine: How Katherine Johnson Put Astronauts on the Moon

Winner of the information book category of the UKLA Book Awards 2020.Katherine Johnson is the mathematical genius who helped make the historic Apollo 11 moon landings possible and made sure that Apollo 13 returned home safely when the mission was in critical danger. As a child, Katherine loved to count. She counted the steps on the road, the number of dishes and spoons she washed in the kitchen sink, everything! Boundless, curious, and excited by calculations, young Katherine longed to know as much as she could about maths, about the universe . . .Helaine Becker interviewed Katherine and her family for this authorized biography. From Katherine's early beginnings as a gifted student to her heroic accomplishments as a prominent mathematician at NASA, this is the true story of a groundbreaking African-American woman who went above and beyond what was expected of her in the 1960s, saving lives and making enormous contributions to history. Featuring Dow Phumiruk's gorgeous full-colour illustrations throughout.

A Countryside For All: The Future of Rural Britain

The rural fuse has been lit. The countryside is tinder-dry. Post offices and banks, shops and schools are closing. Farmers are going out of business. Houses are becoming unaffordable as prices soar ad poverty grows. Pollution and over-exploitation are destroying landscapes. Many rural communities are on the verge of collapse. Some fear the foot- and - mouth crisis will prove to be the last straw. This book offers disturbing evidence of the background to the crisis.A Countryside For All is a rallying cry for action, pointing ways towards a presciption for the future. This volume tackles many of the issues in a variety of new and original ways. Possibly the most controversial and radical call is for the creation of a Department for the Countryside, with a Secretary of State for the Countryside- who would be responsible for setting a coherent set of policies to reverse the decline of rural Britain.This timely book outlines the main problems facing the countryside, and starts to bring together a balanced range of proposals. Thought-provoking, filled with common sense, often controversial but always fascinating, it points the way forward for the countryside, and for town and country as a whole.

The County Diagnostic: A Regional Environmental Footprint Framework for the USA (Beiträge zur Landschafts- und Umweltplanung I Contributions to Landscape and Environmental Planning)

The county diagnostic method is a spatially explicit, unit specific, component expanded regional environmental footprint framework for the USA designed by Bryce Lawrence to compare the influence of ecoregions on poly‐factorial environmental footprints. This 'diagnostic assessment' quantifies and compares the flows of food, water, energy, carbon, municipal solid waste, wastewater and spatial extent of ecosystem conservation. The county diagnostic fills the gap in regional environmental planning in the USA by bridging urban and state level planning.

The Couple in the Photo: The gripping summer thriller about secrets, murder and friends you can't trust

'What a wild ride!' Reader review ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐'Wow!... A page-turning domestic suspense that will keep you on the edge of your seat' Reader review ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐'I inhaled it in one day... Fast-paced mystery with many twists and turns... I was guessing until the final few pages how all of the threads came together. I absolutely could not put it down' Reader review ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐They're your best friends.Lucy and her husband do everything with their closest friends Cora and Scott. They've even bought a beach house together to enjoy summers with their kids. They're more than friends: they're family.They're hiding something.When a colleague passes around photographs from her honeymoon in the Maldives, Lucy is shocked to see Scott in one of the pictures, his arm around another woman.The truth will change everything.Then news breaks that the woman from the photograph has mysteriously vanished. Why was Scott there and what is he hiding?As Lucy looks for answers, her whole life begins to unravel. If the lies start here, where do they end?A totally gripping and absolutely addictive psychological thriller with a killer twist you will never see coming. Fans of Daniel Hurst, Freida McFadden and K.L Slater will be hooked from the very first page.Readers are gripped by The Couple in the Photo:'I mean, wow! Holy, moly, my head might have just spun right on off my shoulders!... This book delivers!' Reader review ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐'EXCELLENT THRILLER... If you love thrillers, twisty stories and a great heroine, The Couple in the Photo is for you!' Reader review ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐'A jaw dropping read which will continually shock you and the ending? Well, picture perfect!' Reader review ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐'The very first page had me hooked and wanting more. This book was very fast-paced and I did not want to put it down. Each chapter had me guessing more and more until the end!! As soon as I thought I could guess the ending there was another twist... I read for 5 hours straight' Reader review ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐Praise for The Couple in the Photo:'I was hooked from the first page and positively devoured this masterfully constructed tale of lies and deceit. An absolute must-read for all thriller fans: I LOVED it!' Sarah Bonner'A twisty and intriguing suspense filled with lies and secrets that will have you salivating for more. Her best yet' Mira V Shah

Coupled Boundary and Finite Element Methods for the Solution of the Dynamic Fluid-Structure Interaction Problem (Lecture Notes in Engineering #77)

This text considers the problem of the dynamic fluid-structure interaction between a finite elastic structure and the acoustic field in an unbounded fluid-filled exterior domain. The exterior acoustic field is modelled through a boundary integral equation over the structure surface. However, the classical boundary integral equation formulations of this problem either have no solutions or do not have unique solutions at certain characteristic frequencies (which depend on the surface geometry) and it is necessary to employ modified boundary integral equation formulations which are valid for all frequencies. The particular approach adopted here involves an arbitrary coupling parameter and the effect that this parameter has on the stability and accuracy of the numerical method used to solve the integral equation is examined. The boundary integral analysis of the exterior acoustic problem is coupled with a finite element analysis of the elastic structure in order to investigate the interaction between the dynamic behaviour of the structure and the associated acoustic field. Recently there has been some controversy over whether or not the coupled problem also suffers from the non-uniqueness problems associated with the classical integral equation formulations of the exterior acoustic problem. This question is resolved by demonstrating that .the solution to the coupled problem is not unique at the characteristic frequencies and that it is necessary to employ an integral equation formulation valid for all frequencies.

Coupled CFD-DEM Modeling: Formulation, Implementation and Application to Multiphase Flows

Discusses the CFD-DEM method of modeling which combines both the Discrete Element Method and Computational Fluid Dynamics to simulate fluid-particle interactions. Deals with both theoretical and practical concepts of CFD-DEM, its numerical implementation accompanied by a hands-on numerical code in FORTRAN Gives examples of industrial applications

Coupled CFD-DEM Modeling: Formulation, Implementation and Application to Multiphase Flows

Discusses the CFD-DEM method of modeling which combines both the Discrete Element Method and Computational Fluid Dynamics to simulate fluid-particle interactions. Deals with both theoretical and practical concepts of CFD-DEM, its numerical implementation accompanied by a hands-on numerical code in FORTRAN Gives examples of industrial applications

Coupled Data Communication Techniques for High-Performance and Low-Power Computing (Integrated Circuits and Systems)

Wafer-scale integration has long been the dream of system designers. Instead of chopping a wafer into a few hundred or a few thousand chips, one would just connect the circuits on the entire wafer. What an enormous capability wafer-scale integration would offer: all those millions of circuits connected by high-speed on-chip wires. Unfortunately, the best known optical systems can provide suitably ?ne resolution only over an area much smaller than a whole wafer. There is no known way to pattern a whole wafer with transistors and wires small enough for modern circuits. Statistical defects present a ?rmer barrier to wafer-scale integration. Flaws appear regularly in integrated circuits; the larger the circuit area, the more probable there is a ?aw. If such ?aws were the result only of dust one might reduce their numbers, but ?aws are also the inevitable result of small scale. Each feature on a modern integrated circuit is carved out by only a small number of photons in the lithographic process. Each transistor gets its electrical properties from only a small number of impurity atoms in its tiny area. Inevitably, the quantized nature of light and the atomic nature of matter produce statistical variations in both the number of photons de?ning each tiny shape and the number of atoms providing the electrical behavior of tiny transistors. No known way exists to eliminate such statistical variation, nor may any be possible.

Coupled DEM-CFD Analyses of Landslide-Induced Debris Flows (Springer Tracts in Civil Engineering)

This book reflects the latest research results in computer modelling of landslide-induced debris flows. The book establishes an understanding of the initiation and propagation mechanisms of landslides by means of numerical simulations, so that mitigation strategies to reduce the long-term losses from landslide hazards can be devised. In this context, the book employs the Discrete Element Method (DEM) and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) to investigate the mechanical and hydraulic behaviour of granular materials involved in landslides – an approach that yields meaningful insights into the flow mechanisms, concerning e.g. the mobilization of sediments, the generation and dissipation of excess pore water pressures, and the evolution of effective stresses. As such, the book provides valuable information, useful methods and robust numerical tools that can be successfully applied in the field of debris flow research.

Coupled Heat and Mass Transfer in Binary Mixtures at Supercritical Pressures (Springer Theses)

Supercritical pressure fluids have been exploited in many engineering fields, where binary mixtures are frequently encountered. This book focuses on the coupled heat and mass transfer in them, where the coupling comes from cross-diffusion effects (i.e., Soret and Dufour effects) and temperature-dependent boundary reactions. Under this configuration, three main topics are discussed: relaxation and diffusion problems, hydrodynamic stability, and convective heat and mass transfer. This book reports a series of new phenomena, novel mechanisms, and an innovative engineering design in hydrodynamics and transport phenomena of binary mixtures at supercritical pressures. This book covers not only current research progress but also basic knowledge and background. It is very friendly to readers new to this field, especially graduate students without a deep theoretical background.

Coupled Instabilities in Metal Structures: Theoretical and Design Aspects (CISM International Centre for Mechanical Sciences #379)

The aim of the book is to fill up the gaps between theoretical, numerical, and practical design approaches in the field of coupled instabilities of metal structures. The book is organized in a way leading progressively from the mathematical basic theories to the design aspects through numerical and semi-empirical approaches of the interactive buckling of metal structures. Optimum design account taken of coupled instabilities and code aspects are also briefly covered.

Coupled Multiscale Simulation and Optimization in Nanoelectronics (Mathematics in Industry #21)

Designing complex integrated circuits relies heavily on mathematical methods and calls for suitable simulation and optimization tools. The current design approach involves simulations and optimizations in different physical domains (device, circuit, thermal, electromagnetic) and in a range of electrical engineering disciplines (logic, timing, power, crosstalk, signal integrity, system functionality). COMSON was a Marie Curie Research Training Network created to meet these new scientific and training challenges by (a) developing new descriptive models that take these mutual dependencies into account, (b) combining these models with existing circuit descriptions in new simulation strategies and (c) developing new optimization techniques that will accommodate new designs.The book presents the main project results in the fields of PDAE modeling and simulation, model order reduction techniques and optimization, based on merging the know-how of three major European semiconductor companies with the combined expertise of university groups specialized in developing suitable mathematical models, numerical schemes and e-learning facilities. In addition, a common Demonstrator Platform for testing mathematical methods and approaches was created to assess whether they are capable of addressing the industry’s problems, and to educate young researchers by providing hands-on experience with state-of-the-art problems.

Coupled-Oscillator Based Active-Array Antennas (JPL Deep-Space Communications and Navigation Series #11)

Describing an innovative approach to phased-array control in antenna design This book explores in detail phased-array antennas that use coupled-oscillator arrays, an arrangement featuring a remarkably simple beam steering control system and a major reduction in complexity compared with traditional methods of phased-array control. It brings together in one convenient, self-contained volume the many salient research results obtained over the past ten to fifteen years in laboratories around the world, including the California Institute of Technology's Jet Propulsion Laboratory. The authors examine the underlying theoretical framework of coupled-oscillator systems, clearly explaining the linear and nonlinear formalisms used in the development of coupled-oscillator arrays, while introducing a variety of state-of-the-art methodologies, design solutions, and tools for applying this control scheme. Readers will find: Numerous implementation examples of coupled-oscillator array prototypes A continuum model that permits application of diffusion theory to the analysis of phase dynamics A demonstration of the array behavior through experimental results that validate the linearized theory Examples of how incorporating coupling delay restores causality, including the latest published results Guidance on how to accurately analyze and optimize coupled-oscillator arrays using modern simulation tools A review of current developments, including the design of compact couple-oscillator array antennas Complete with 150 diagrams and photographs, Coupled-Oscillator Based Active-Array Antennas is a highly useful tutorial for antenna designers and a valuable reference for researchers and engineers wishing to learn about this cutting-edge technology.

Coupled Site and Soil-Structure Interaction Effects with Application to Seismic Risk Mitigation (NATO Science for Peace and Security Series C: Environmental Security)

Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Coupled Site and Soil-Structure Interaction Effects with Application to Seismic Risk Mitigation Borovets, Bulgaria 30 August - 3 September 2008

Coupled Structures for Microwave Sensing (Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering #1150)

This book offers a comprehensive and timely review of planar microwave sensors based on coupled structures. Gathering chapters contributed by the most authoritative researchers on this topic, it presents various strategies for sensor performance optimization using coupled lines, directional couplers, and coupled resonators (either distributed or semi-lumped), focusing mainly on sensitivity optimization, and covering chains of coupled resonators as well. The book also reports on analytical methods, design formulas, sensor validation tests, with both simulation and experimental methods, describing some relevant practical applications. Mainly reflecting the research activity carried out by the different contributors in the last years, this book also includes two introductory chapters to help readers who are not very familiar with microwave sensing technologies and coupled structures. All in all, this book addresses advanced graduate students and researchers involved in microwave and sensor technologies, and may be of interest for engineers and professionals as well, working in areas as diverse as wireless sensors and sensor networks, biosensing, chemical sensing, motion control, microfluidics, Internet of Things (IoT), and smart systems.

Coupled System Pavement - Tire - Vehicle: A Holistic Computational Approach (Lecture Notes in Applied and Computational Mechanics #96)

This book summarizes research being pursued within the Research Unit FOR 2089, funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG), the goal of which is to develop the scientific base for a paradigm shift towards dimensioning, structural realization and maintenance of pavements, and prepare road infrastructure for future requirements. It provides a coupled thermo-mechanical model for a holistic physical analysis of the pavement-tire-vehicle system: based on this model, pavement structures and materials can be optimized so that new demands become compatible with the main goal – durability of the structures and the materials. The development of these new and qualitatively improved modelling approaches requires a holistic procedure through the coupling of theoretical numerical and experimental approaches as well as an interdisciplinary and closely linked handling of the coupled pavement-tire-vehicle system. This interdisciplinary research provides a deeper understanding of the physics of the full system through complex, coupled simulation approaches and progress in terms of improved and, therefore, more durable and sustainable structures.

The Coupled Theory of Mixtures in Geomechanics with Applications

Geomaterials consist of a mixture of solid particles and void space that may be ?lled with ?uid and gas. The solid particles may be di?erent in sizes, shapes, and behavior; and the pore liquid may have various physical and chemical properties. Hence, physical, chemical or electrical interaction - tween the solid particles and pore ?uid or gas may take place. Therefore, the geomaterials in general must be considered a mixture or a multiphase material whose state is described by physical quantities in each phase. The stresses carried by the solid skeleton are typically termed “e?ective stress” while the stresses carried by the pore liquid are termed “pore pressure. ” The summation of the e?ective stress and pore pressure is termed “total stress” (Terzaghi, 1943). For a free drainage condition or completely undrained c- dition, the pore pressure change is zero or depends only on the initial stress condition; it does not depend on the skeleton response to external forces. Therefore, a single phase description of soil behavior is adequate. For an intermediate condition, however, some ?ow (pore pressure leak) may take place while the force is applied and the skeleton is under deformation. Due to the leak of pore pressure, the pore pressure changes with time, and the e?ective stress changes and the skeleton deforms with time accordingly. The solution of this intermediate condition, therefore, requires a multi-phase c- tinuum formulations that may address the interaction of solid skeleton and pore liquid interaction.

Coupled Thermo-Hydro-Mechanical Processes in Fractured Rock Masses: Discrete Element Modeling and Engineering Applications

The subject of thermo-hydro-mechanical coupled processes in fractured rock masses has close relevance to energy-related deep earth engineering activities, such as enhanced geothermal systems, geological disposal of radioactive waste, sequestration of CO2, long-term disposal of waste water and recovery of hydrocarbons from unconventional reservoirs. Despite great efforts by engineers and researchers, comprehensive understanding of the thermo-hydro-mechanical coupled processes in fractured rock mass remains a great challenge. The discrete element method (DEM), originally developed by Dr. Peter Cundall, has become widely used for the modeling of a rock mass, including its deformation, damage, fracturing and stability. DEM modeling of the coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical processes in fractured rock masses can provide some unique insights, to say the least, for better understanding of those complex issues.The authors of this book have participated in various projects involving DEM modeling of coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical processes during treatment of a rock mass by fluid injection and/or extraction and have provided consulting services to some of the largest oil-and-gas companies in the world. The breadth and depth of our engineering expertise are reflected by its successful applications in the major unconventional plays in the world, including Permian, Marcellus, Bakken, Eagle Ford, Horn River, Chicontepec, Sichuan, Ordos and many more. The unique combination of the state-of-the-art numerical modeling techniques with state-of-the-practice engineering applications makes the presented material relevant and valuable for engineering practice. We believe that it is beneficial to share the advances on this subject and promote some further development.

Coupling and Decoupling of Diverse Molecular Units in Glycosciences

This unique book covers the latest developments in coupling and decoupling of biomolecules containing functionalized carbohydrate components, being one of the first collections in this important area of applied medicinal chemistry.Connecting molecules, often referred as bio-conjugation, has become one of the most often performed procedures in modern medicinal chemistry. Sometimes, when the connected molecules are not useful anymore, they must be disconnected. The molecules that must be connected (coupled) may belong to both small and large molecules and include such constructs as glycoproteins, glycopeptides and glycans. In this work, more than 15 experts address a comprehensive range of potential and current uses of in vitro and in vivo bio-conjugation methodologies, leading to a variety of glycoconjugates. The analytical aspects of bio-conjugation are also here discussed. Medicinal and organic chemists from graduate level onwards will understand the appeal of this important book.

Coupling of Fluids, Structures and Waves in Aeronautics: Proceedings of a French-Australian Workshop in Melbourne, Australia 3–6 December 2001 (Notes on Numerical Fluid Mechanics and Multidisciplinary Design #85)

The Coupling of Safety and Security: Exploring Interrelations in Theory and Practice (SpringerBriefs in Applied Sciences and Technology)

This open access book explores the synergies and tensions between safety and security management from a variety of perspectives and by combining input from numerous disciplines. It defines the concepts of safety and security, and discusses the methodological, organizational and institutional implications that accompany approaching them as separate entities and combining them, respectively.The book explores the coupling of safety and security from different perspectives, especially: the concepts and methods of risk, safety and security; the managerial aspects; user experiences in connection with safety and security. Given its scope, the book will be of interest to researchers and practitioners in the fields of safety and security, and to anyone working at a business or in an industry concerned with how safety and security should be managed.