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The Ordinal Society
by Marion Fourcade Kieran HealyA sweeping critique of how digital capitalism is reformatting our world.We now live in an “ordinal society.” Nearly every aspect of our lives is measured, ranked, and processed into discrete, standardized units of digital information. Marion Fourcade and Kieran Healy argue that technologies of information management, fueled by the abundance of personal data and the infrastructure of the internet, transform how we relate to ourselves and to each other through the market, the public sphere, and the state.The personal data we give in exchange for convenient tools like Gmail and Instagram provides the raw material for predictions about everything from our purchasing power to our character. The Ordinal Society shows how these algorithmic predictions influence people’s life chances and generate new forms of capital and social expectation: nobody wants to ride with an unrated cab driver anymore or rent to a tenant without a risk score. As members of this society embrace ranking and measurement in their daily lives, new forms of social competition and moral judgment arise. Familiar structures of social advantage are recycled into measures of merit that produce insidious kinds of social inequality.While we obsess over order and difference—and the logic of ordinality digs deeper into our behaviors, bodies, and minds—what will hold us together? Fourcade and Healy warn that, even though algorithms and systems of rationalized calculation have inspired backlash, they are also appealing in ways that make them hard to relinquish.
An Ordinary City: Planning for Growth and Decline in New Bedford, Massachusetts
by Justin B. HollanderThis book paints an intimate portrait of an overlooked kind of city that neither grows nor declines drastically. In fact, New Bedford, Massachusetts represents an entire category of cities that escape mainstream urban studies’ more customary attention to global cities (New York), booming cities (Atlanta), and shrinking cities (Flint). New Bedford-style ordinary cities are none of these, they neither grow nor decline drastically, but in their inconspicuousness, they account for a vast majority of all cities. Given the complexities of growth and decline, both temporarily and spatially, how does a city manage change and physically adapt to growth and decline? This book offers an answer through a detailed analysis of the politics, environment, planning strategies, and history of New Bedford.
Ordinary Ethics in China (LSE Monographs on Social Anthropology)
by Charles StaffordDrawing on a wide range of anthropological case studies, this book focuses on ordinary ethics in contemporary China. The book examines the kinds of moral and ethical issues that emerge (sometimes almost unnoticed) in the flow of everyday life in Chinese communities.How are schoolchildren judged to be good or bad by their teachers and their peers - and how should a 'bad' student be dealt with? What exactly do children owe their parents, and how should this debt be repaid? Is it morally acceptable to be jealous if one's neighbours suddenly become rich? Should the wrongs of the past be forgotten, e.g. in the interests of communal harmony, or should they be dealt with now?In the case of China, such questions have obviously been shaped by the historical contexts against which they have been posed, and by the weight of various Chinese traditions. But this book approaches them on a human scale. More specifically, it approaches them from an anthropological perspective, based on participation in the flow of everyday life during ethnographic fieldwork in Chinese communities.
Ordinary Ethics in China (LSE Monographs on Social Anthropology)
by Charles StaffordDrawing on a wide range of anthropological case studies, this book focuses on ordinary ethics in contemporary China. The book examines the kinds of moral and ethical issues that emerge (sometimes almost unnoticed) in the flow of everyday life in Chinese communities.How are schoolchildren judged to be good or bad by their teachers and their peers - and how should a 'bad' student be dealt with? What exactly do children owe their parents, and how should this debt be repaid? Is it morally acceptable to be jealous if one's neighbours suddenly become rich? Should the wrongs of the past be forgotten, e.g. in the interests of communal harmony, or should they be dealt with now?In the case of China, such questions have obviously been shaped by the historical contexts against which they have been posed, and by the weight of various Chinese traditions. But this book approaches them on a human scale. More specifically, it approaches them from an anthropological perspective, based on participation in the flow of everyday life during ethnographic fieldwork in Chinese communities.
Ordinary Jews: Choice and Survival during the Holocaust
by Evgeny FinkelHow Jewish responses during the Holocaust shed new light on the dynamics of genocide and political violenceFocusing on the choices and actions of Jews during the Holocaust, Ordinary Jews examines the different patterns of behavior of civilians targeted by mass violence. Relying on rich archival material and hundreds of survivors' testimonies, Evgeny Finkel presents a new framework for understanding the survival strategies in which Jews engaged: cooperation and collaboration, coping and compliance, evasion, and resistance. Finkel compares Jews' behavior in three Jewish ghettos—Minsk, Kraków, and Białystok—and shows that Jews' responses to Nazi genocide varied based on their experiences with prewar policies that either promoted or discouraged their integration into non-Jewish society.Finkel demonstrates that while possible survival strategies were the same for everyone, individuals' choices varied across and within communities. In more cohesive and robust Jewish communities, coping—confronting the danger and trying to survive without leaving—was more organized and successful, while collaboration with the Nazis and attempts to escape the ghetto were minimal. In more heterogeneous Jewish communities, collaboration with the Nazis was more pervasive, while coping was disorganized. In localities with a history of peaceful interethnic relations, evasion was more widespread than in places where interethnic relations were hostile. State repression before WWII, to which local communities were subject, determined the viability of anti-Nazi Jewish resistance.Exploring the critical influences shaping the decisions made by Jews in Nazi-occupied eastern Europe, Ordinary Jews sheds new light on the dynamics of collective violence and genocide.
Ordinary Jews: Choice and Survival during the Holocaust
by Evgeny FinkelHow Jewish responses during the Holocaust shed new light on the dynamics of genocide and political violenceFocusing on the choices and actions of Jews during the Holocaust, Ordinary Jews examines the different patterns of behavior of civilians targeted by mass violence. Relying on rich archival material and hundreds of survivors' testimonies, Evgeny Finkel presents a new framework for understanding the survival strategies in which Jews engaged: cooperation and collaboration, coping and compliance, evasion, and resistance. Finkel compares Jews' behavior in three Jewish ghettos—Minsk, Kraków, and Białystok—and shows that Jews' responses to Nazi genocide varied based on their experiences with prewar policies that either promoted or discouraged their integration into non-Jewish society.Finkel demonstrates that while possible survival strategies were the same for everyone, individuals' choices varied across and within communities. In more cohesive and robust Jewish communities, coping—confronting the danger and trying to survive without leaving—was more organized and successful, while collaboration with the Nazis and attempts to escape the ghetto were minimal. In more heterogeneous Jewish communities, collaboration with the Nazis was more pervasive, while coping was disorganized. In localities with a history of peaceful interethnic relations, evasion was more widespread than in places where interethnic relations were hostile. State repression before WWII, to which local communities were subject, determined the viability of anti-Nazi Jewish resistance.Exploring the critical influences shaping the decisions made by Jews in Nazi-occupied eastern Europe, Ordinary Jews sheds new light on the dynamics of collective violence and genocide.
Ordinary Lives: Studies in the Everyday
by Ben HighmoreThis new study from Ben Highmore looks at the seemingly banal world of objects, work, daily media, and food, and finds there a scintillating array of passionate experience. Through a series of case studies, and building on his previous work on the everyday, Highmore examines our relationship to familiar objects (a favourite chair), repetitive work (housework, typing), media (distracted television viewing and radio listening) and food (specifically the food of multicultural Britain). A chair allows him to consider the history of flat-pack furniture as well as the lively presence of inorganic ‘stuff’ in our daily lives. Distracted television watching and radio listening becomes one of the preconditions for experiencing wonder through the media. Ordinary Lives links the concrete study of routine existence to theoretical reflection on everyday life. The book discusses philosophers such as Jacques Rancière, William James and David Hume and combines them with autobiographical testimonies, historical research and the analysis of popular culture to investigate the minutiae of day-to-day life. Highmore argues that aesthetic experience is embedded in the mundane sensory world of everyday life. He asks the reader to reconsider the negative associations of habit and routine, focusing specifically on the intrinsic ambiguity of habit (habit, we find out, is both rigid and adaptive). Rather than ask ‘what does everyday life mean?’ this book asks ‘what does everyday life feel like and how do our sensual, emotional and temporal experiences interconnect and intersect?’ Ordinary Lives is an accessible, animated and engaging book that is ideally suited to both students and researchers working in cultural studies, media and communication and sociology.
Ordinary Lives: Studies in the Everyday
by Ben HighmoreThis new study from Ben Highmore looks at the seemingly banal world of objects, work, daily media, and food, and finds there a scintillating array of passionate experience. Through a series of case studies, and building on his previous work on the everyday, Highmore examines our relationship to familiar objects (a favourite chair), repetitive work (housework, typing), media (distracted television viewing and radio listening) and food (specifically the food of multicultural Britain). A chair allows him to consider the history of flat-pack furniture as well as the lively presence of inorganic ‘stuff’ in our daily lives. Distracted television watching and radio listening becomes one of the preconditions for experiencing wonder through the media. Ordinary Lives links the concrete study of routine existence to theoretical reflection on everyday life. The book discusses philosophers such as Jacques Rancière, William James and David Hume and combines them with autobiographical testimonies, historical research and the analysis of popular culture to investigate the minutiae of day-to-day life. Highmore argues that aesthetic experience is embedded in the mundane sensory world of everyday life. He asks the reader to reconsider the negative associations of habit and routine, focusing specifically on the intrinsic ambiguity of habit (habit, we find out, is both rigid and adaptive). Rather than ask ‘what does everyday life mean?’ this book asks ‘what does everyday life feel like and how do our sensual, emotional and temporal experiences interconnect and intersect?’ Ordinary Lives is an accessible, animated and engaging book that is ideally suited to both students and researchers working in cultural studies, media and communication and sociology.
Ordinary Lives and Grand Schemes: An Anthropology of Everyday Religion (EASA Series #18)
by Samuli Schielke Liza DebevecEveryday practice of religion is complex in its nature, ambivalent and at times contradictory. The task of an anthropology of religious practice is therefore precisely to see how people navigate and make sense of that complexity, and what the significance of religious beliefs and practices in a given setting can be. Rather than putting everyday practice and normative doctrine on different analytical planes, the authors argue that the articulation of religious doctrine is also an everyday practice and must be understood as such.
Ordinary People: In and Out of Poverty in the Gilded Age
by David WagnerDavid Wagner explores the lives of poor people during the three decades after the Civil War, using a unique treasure of biographies of people who were (at one point in time) inmates in a large almshouse, combined with genealogical and other official records to follow their later lives. Ordinary People develops a more fluid picture of "poverty" as people's lives change over the course of time.
Ordinary People: In and Out of Poverty in the Gilded Age
by David WagnerDavid Wagner explores the lives of poor people during the three decades after the Civil War, using a unique treasure of biographies of people who were (at one point in time) inmates in a large almshouse, combined with genealogical and other official records to follow their later lives. Ordinary People develops a more fluid picture of "poverty" as people's lives change over the course of time.
Ordinary People and the Media: The Demotic Turn
by Graeme TurnerThe 'demotic turn' is a term coined by Graeme Turner to describe the increasing visibility of the 'ordinary person' in the media today. In this dynamic and insightful book he explores the 'whys' and 'hows' of the 'everyday' individual's willingness to turn themselves into media content through: · Celebrity culture, · Reality TV, · DIY websites, · Talk radio, · User-generated materials online. Initially proposed in order to analyse the pervasiveness of celebrity culture, this book further develops the idea of the demotic turn as a means of examining the common elements in a range of 'hot spots' in debates within media and cultural studies today. Refuting the proposition that the demotic turn necessarily carries with it a democratising politics, this book examines the political and cultural function of the demotic turn in media production and consumption across the fields of reality TV, print and electronic news and current affairs journalism, citizen and online journalism, talk radio, and user-generated content online. It examines these fields in order to outline a structural shift in what the western media has been doing lately, and to suggest that these media activities represent something much more fundamental than contemporary media fashion.
Ordinary Relationships: A Sociological Study of Emotions, Reflexivity and Culture (Palgrave Macmillan Studies in Family and Intimate Life)
by J. BrownlieRecent theorizing tends to position ordinary relationships as something we have lost, yet the nature of these relationships is not seriously engaged with. Drawing on rich empirical data, this book questions epochal claims about contemporary emotional lives, setting out to be explicit about the nature of ordinary relationships.
Ordnung im Chaos – Kybernetik der Markenführung (essentials)
by Oliver Errichiello Marius WernkeDie Kybernetik ist eine Wissenschaft, um Informationen zu verstehen und systematisch zu nutzen. Als Thema der Kybernetik wird die Marke gerade in Zeiten der Beschleunigung und der unendlichen, globalen Warenmärkte zunehmend wichtiger. Denn Bestand hat nur, wer vermag, sein Muster im Zeitalter der Veränderung zu bewahren und immer wieder an die Erfordernisse der Zeit anzupassen. Dabei helfen weder Kundendaten noch kreative Ideen, sondern eine fundierte Kenntnis der strukturellen Funktionsweise aller Lebewesen – organischer und sozialer. Durch die Zusammenführung von Markensoziologie und Management-Kybernetik werden in diesem essential die unsichtbaren sozialen Anziehungskräfte verdeutlicht. Indem die übergreifenden Dynamiken aller (lebenden) Systeme dargestellt werden, lassen sich universelle Erkenntnisse gewinnen und planvolle Strategien entwickeln.
Ordnung. Macht. Extremismus: Effekte und Alternativen des Extremismus-Modells
by Elena Buck Anne Dölemeyer Forum Für Forum Für Kritische Rechtsextremismusforschung Paul Erxleben Stefan Kausch Anne Mehrer Mathias Rodatz Frank Schubert Gregor WiedemannBestimmte Formen politischer Devianz werden regelmäßig für „extremistisch“ erklärt. Was damit gemeint ist, scheint intuitiv einleuchtend und wird in der „Extremismustheorie“ auch wissenschaftlich bestimmt. Verschiedene Kritiken an dieser Konzeption zeigen jedoch, dass das Extremismusmodell erhebliche analytische Schwächen aufweist und zugleich politisch folgenreich ist. Es suggeriert u.a. klare Grenzen einer demokratischen „Mitte“ und ihrer problematischen Ränder, wobei diese Grenzziehungen inhaltlich schwach bestimmt und der politischen Auseinandersetzung entzogen sind. Trotz dieser Mängel ist die Rede vom politischen Extremismus allgegenwärtig und bestimmt wissenschaftliches wie auch staatliches und zivilgesellschaftliches Handeln. Der Sammelband verhandelt Geschichte, Praxis und Alternativen der politischen Semantik des „Extremismus“ aus einer interdisziplinären Perspektive: Worin liegen die Probleme und Schwächen des Extremismusmodells? Was macht es trotzdem so definitionsmächtig und attraktiv? Welche Wirkungen entfaltet das Denken in Extremismen? Welche alternativen Zugänge und Konzepte gibt es?
Ordnungen der Gewalt: Beiträge zu einer politischen Soziologie der Gewalt und des Krieges (Soziologie der Politiken #3)
by Sighard Neckel Michael Schwab-TrappDer Band nähert sich einer Soziologie der Gewalt und des Kriegesüber empirische und theoretische Untersuchungen zum Phänomen der Gewalt in seinen historischen und kulturellen Varianten. Der thematische Bogen der Beiträge umspannt handlungs- und kulturtheoretische Analysen der Gewalt, Vorschläge zu einer Soziologie des Krieges und soziologische Untersuchungen zum Zusammenhang von Gewalt, Staat und Moderne. Diese Themenfelder werden konkret anhand empirischer Einzelfallstudien, theoretisch durch eine Konzeptualisierung soziologischer Begriffe für die Analyse von Gewaltprozessen, schließlich theoriegeschichtlich in einer Befragung klassischer soziologischer Theorien auf ihren Beitrag zur Bestimmung von Krieg und Gewalt entfaltet. Im Zentrum dieser verschiedenen Annäherungen an eine Soziologie der Gewalt und des Krieges steht die Frage nach den möglichen Koordinaten einer politischen Soziologie der Gewalt. Die Herausgeberin/ der Herausgeber: Dr. Sighard Neckel, Professor am Fachbereich Soziologie; Dr. Michael Schwab-Trapp; Fachbereich Soziologie, beide: Universität-Gesamthochschule Siegen
Ordnungen des Politischen: Einsätze und Wirkungen der Hegemonietheorie Ernesto Laclaus (Staat – Souveränität – Nation)
by Oliver MarchartDieser Band behandelt das Werk und die Wirkung der Arbeiten Ernesto Laclaus. Sein streckenweise in Zusammenarbeit mit Chantal Mouffe entwickelter diskursanalytischer Ansatz der Hegemonietheorie, der weit in die Sozial- und Kulturwissenschaften hinein ausstrahlt, gibt der Politischen Theorie Instrumente zur Untersuchung sozialer Identitätsbildung und politischer Machtformation an die Hand. Das Ziel dieses Bandes besteht darin, einen Einblick in die breite Rezeption und die disziplinären Anschlussmöglichkeiten der Laclau’schen Hegemonietheorie zu ermöglichen.
The Org: The Underlying Logic of the Office
by Ray Fisman Tim SullivanWe create organizations because we need to get a job done—something we couldn't do alone—and join them because we’re inspired by their missions (and our paycheck). But once we’re inside, these organizations rarely feel inspirational. So where did it all go wrong?In The Org, Ray Fisman and Tim Sullivan explain the tradeoffs that every organization faces, arguing that this everyday dysfunction is actually inherent to the very nature of orgs. The Org diagnoses the root causes of that malfunction, beginning with the economic logic of why organizations exist in the first place, then working its way up through the org’s structure from the lowly cubicle to the CEO’s office.You'll learn:The purpose of meetings and why they will never go awayWhy even members of al Qaeda are required to submit travel and expense reportsWhat managers are good forHow the army and other orgs balance marching in lockstep with fostering innovationWhy the hospital administration—not the heart surgeon—is more likely to save your lifeWhy CEOs often spend more than 80 percent of their time in meetings—and why that's exactly where they should be (and why they get paid so much)
The Org: The Underlying Logic of the Office
by Ray Fisman Tim SullivanWe create organizations because we need to get a job done—something we couldn't do alone—and join them because we’re inspired by their missions (and our paycheck). But once we’re inside, these organizations rarely feel inspirational. So where did it all go wrong?In The Org, Ray Fisman and Tim Sullivan explain the tradeoffs that every organization faces, arguing that this everyday dysfunction is actually inherent to the very nature of orgs. The Org diagnoses the root causes of that malfunction, beginning with the economic logic of why organizations exist in the first place, then working its way up through the org’s structure from the lowly cubicle to the CEO’s office.You'll learn:The purpose of meetings and why they will never go awayWhy even members of al Qaeda are required to submit travel and expense reportsWhat managers are good forHow the army and other orgs balance marching in lockstep with fostering innovationWhy the hospital administration—not the heart surgeon—is more likely to save your lifeWhy CEOs often spend more than 80 percent of their time in meetings—and why that's exactly where they should be (and why they get paid so much)
The Org: How The Office Really Works
by Tim Sullivan Ray FismanWhy do members of Al Qaeda have to submit travel and expense reports?How do you create incentives for policemen, or priests?What are managers good for?We create organizations because they are an efficient way of doing something we couldn't do alone. We join organizations because we are inspired by their mission, or their payslip. But once we're inside, these organizations rarely feel efficient or inspiring.In The Org, Ray Fisman and Tim Sullivan explain the trade-offs that every organization makes, arguing that this everyday dysfunction is in fact actually inherent in the very nature of orgs. Woven throughout The Org are fascinating stories of organizations ranging from Google and McDonald's, to Al Qaeda and the island nation of Samoa. The Org tells us how the office really works. As such it is required reading for anyone who wants to come to terms with the frustrations of their workplace, or to work their way up the org.
Organ Substitution Technology: Ethical, Legal, And Public Policy Issues
by Deborah MathieuThis book describes and assesses some of the more important difficulties and defects in the current utilization of organ substitution technology, dealing with the major ethical, legal, and public policy issues of organ substitution.
Organ Substitution Technology: Ethical, Legal, And Public Policy Issues
by Deborah MathieuThis book describes and assesses some of the more important difficulties and defects in the current utilization of organ substitution technology, dealing with the major ethical, legal, and public policy issues of organ substitution.
Organic Farming, Prototype for Sustainable Agricultures: Prototype For Sustainable Agricultures
by Stéphane Bellon Servane PenvernStakeholders show a growing interest for organic food and farming (OF&F), which becomes a societal component. Rather than questioning whether OF&F outperforms conventional agriculture or not, the main question addressed in this book is how, and in what conditions, OF&F may be considered as a prototype towards sustainable agricultures. The book gathers 25 papers introduced in a first chapter. The first section investigates OF&F production processes and its capacity to benefit from the systems functioning to achieve higher self-sufficiency. The second one proposes an overview of organic performances providing commodities and public goods. The third one focuses on organics development pathways within agri-food systems and territories. As well as a strong theoretical component, this book provides an overview of the new challenges for research and development. It questions the benefits as well as knowledge gaps with a particular emphasis on bottlenecks and lock-in effects at various levels.
Organic Growth Disciplines: A Strategic Framework for Imagining Business Growth Opportunities
by Devanathan SudharshanIf your firm doesn't grow sustainably, can you grow professionally? Growth should be an integral part of every company, and organic internal growth must be carefully managed in order to foster successful and sustainable growth. In Organic Growth Disciplines, business expert Devanathan Sudharshan introduces a new framework for exploring the fuzzy front end of the search for growth opportunities. Bringing together six organic growth disciplines, this new approach arms readers with a language to use in professional discussions on the growth-based future of their firms. The disciplines detailed are rooted in explorations of opportunities involving knowledge, technology, needs, customers, pricing, leveraging, and acceleration. Looking at examples from businesses and industries at the forefront of today's society, including Google, Apple and Amazon, and Zappos, this book not only looks at what organic growth disciplines are, but also how to implement them in your company. Written for both practitioners and students, this fresh look at growing organically provokes its readers to imagine new horizons. It is an invaluable addition to existing books on new product, technology, and strategic management.
Organic Growth Disciplines: A Strategic Framework for Imagining Business Growth Opportunities
by Devanathan SudharshanIf your firm doesn't grow sustainably, can you grow professionally? Growth should be an integral part of every company, and organic internal growth must be carefully managed in order to foster successful and sustainable growth. In Organic Growth Disciplines, business expert Devanathan Sudharshan introduces a new framework for exploring the fuzzy front end of the search for growth opportunities. Bringing together six organic growth disciplines, this new approach arms readers with a language to use in professional discussions on the growth-based future of their firms. The disciplines detailed are rooted in explorations of opportunities involving knowledge, technology, needs, customers, pricing, leveraging, and acceleration. Looking at examples from businesses and industries at the forefront of today's society, including Google, Apple and Amazon, and Zappos, this book not only looks at what organic growth disciplines are, but also how to implement them in your company. Written for both practitioners and students, this fresh look at growing organically provokes its readers to imagine new horizons. It is an invaluable addition to existing books on new product, technology, and strategic management.