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Constructing the Social System
by Bernard BarberBarber constructs a provisional, generalized, substantive theory of the social system, which he uses as the starting point and focus of his specialized researches. In this collection of his major writings in social system theory, Barber shows how he has used and developed such a framework over the last fifty years and demonstrates the application o
Constructing Transnational and Transracial Identity: Adoption and Belonging in Sweden, Norway, and Denmark
by Sigalit Ben-ZionNorway, Sweden, and Denmark are home to more than 90,000 transnational adoptees of Scandinavian parents raised in a predominantly white environment. This ethnography provides a unique perspective on how these transracial adoptees conceptualize and construct their sense of identity along the intersection of ethnicity, family, and national lines.
Constructing Transnational Political Spaces: The Multifaceted Political Activism of Mexican Migrants
by Stephanie SchützeThis book analyzes Mexican migrant organizations in the US and their political influence in home communities in Mexico. By connecting multifaceted arenas of Mexican migrant’s activism, it traces the construction of transnational political spaces. The author's ethnographic work in the state of Michoacán and in Chicago shows how these transnational arenas overcome the limits of traditional political spaces - the nation state and the local community - and bring together intertwined facets of ‘the political'. The book examines how actors engage in politics within transnational spaces; it delineates the different trajectories and agendas of male and female, indigenous and non-indigenous migrant activists; it demonstrates how the local and actor-centered levels are linked to the regional or state levels as well as to the federal levels of politics; and finally, it shows how these multifaceted arenas constitute transnational spaces that have implications for politics and society in Mexico and the US alike.
Constructing Twenty-First Century Socialism in Latin America: The Role of Radical Education (Marxism and Education)
by M. Cole S. MottaIn Constructing Twenty-First Century Socialism: The Role of Radical Education, Motta and Cole explore the role of the politics of knowledge and pedagogy in the reinvention of socialism for the twenty-first century. Through a critical analysis of Brazil, Colombia and Venezuela they deconstruct the mechanisms of neoliberal control as an epistemological project of monologue, closure, and violence against all 'others'. The authors develop an affirmative engagement with the traditions, practices, and politics which seek to challenge this closure through the policies of the counter-hegemonic government of Venezuela, the struggles of social movements in Brazil and Colombia, and the daily resistance of critical educators working in formal educational settings in all three countries. This mapping and analysis not only contribute to struggles for alternatives to capitalism in Latin America, but are translatable to other contexts. The book theorizes that with the exhaustion of neoliberalism, it is time to pedagogize the political and politicize the pedagogical in order to create worlds beyond capitalism.
Constructing Unemployment: The Politics of Joblessness in East and West
by Phineas BaxandallAs the longest economic boom in history has given way to leaner times, unemployment has re-emerged as a major issue. This theoretically and empirically sophisticated book examines how unemployment takes on widely different political meanings and explores the ways in which governments act to change their own accountability for unemployment. It contributes to the comparative political economy literature that analyzes political responses to economic problems. Baxandall reverses a conventional application of comparative research by using an Eastern European case to reveal political dynamics that are mirrored in the West - as demonstrated with American and Western European cases. Using interviews and previously unexplored archives to consider a dramatic transformation in the meaning of unemployment in Hungary, he demonstrates how the politics of economic change depend crucially on the political re-crafting of economic categories.
Constructing Unemployment: The Politics of Joblessness in East and West
by Phineas BaxandallAs the longest economic boom in history has given way to leaner times, unemployment has re-emerged as a major issue. This theoretically and empirically sophisticated book examines how unemployment takes on widely different political meanings and explores the ways in which governments act to change their own accountability for unemployment. It contributes to the comparative political economy literature that analyzes political responses to economic problems. Baxandall reverses a conventional application of comparative research by using an Eastern European case to reveal political dynamics that are mirrored in the West - as demonstrated with American and Western European cases. Using interviews and previously unexplored archives to consider a dramatic transformation in the meaning of unemployment in Hungary, he demonstrates how the politics of economic change depend crucially on the political re-crafting of economic categories.
A Construction Manual for Robots' Ethical Systems: Requirements, Methods, Implementations (Cognitive Technologies)
by Robert TrapplThis book will help researchers and engineers in the design of ethical systems for robots, addressing the philosophical questions that arise and exploring modern applications such as assistive robots and self-driving cars.The contributing authors are among the leading academic and industrial researchers on this topic and the book will be of value to researchers, graduate students and practitioners engaged with robot design, artificial intelligence and ethics.
The Construction of Attitudes Toward Lesbians and Gay Men
by Tracy Luchetta Patricia L PardieDiscover new information and perspectives on why today’s culture holds prejudice toward gay men and lesbians!The Construction of Attitudes Toward Lesbians and Gay Men explores the pervasiveness and widespread social acceptance of heterosexism in the United States by analyzing existing social and political systems for their representative beliefs. As a scholar or student of psychology, sociology, women’s studies/gay & lesbian studies, or social work who is concerned with the need for positive change in attitudes toward same-sex relationships at cultural, this book is for you. You will learn more about current indicators of heterosexism and homonegativity at multiple levels of representation, and better understand the cultural obstacles and openings for attitudinal transformation.IIn The Construction of Attitudes Toward Lesbians and Gay Men, empirical research, critical social analysis, theoretical development, and case study applications are used to investigate negative attitudes toward homosexuals. Some of the individual, social, and cultural prejudices that you will examine include:HIV/AIDS stigma and HIV/AIDS knowledge negative legal imagery of homosexuals portrayed by courts, such as in the 1996 majority opinion in Romer v. Evans case the lack of civil rights for homosexuals, including laws forbidding homosexual marriage homophobia in academia based on institutional policies for spouse benefits Judeo-Christian mythologies stereotypical masculine and feminine images portrayed by the media sociocultural and historical origins of sexism The Construction of Attitudes Toward Lesbians and Gay Men is a critical investigation of representations of homonegativism in American culture. You will gain a deeper understanding of individual identities and relational behaviors within today’s dominant culture through an analysis of collective ideologies, institutional policies, and more. The immense research and knowledge contained in this book provides you with a multifaceted view of current indicators of heterosexism and homonegativity and works to eliminate anti-gay/lesbian prejudice.
The Construction of Attitudes Toward Lesbians and Gay Men
by Tracy Luchetta Patricia L PardieDiscover new information and perspectives on why today’s culture holds prejudice toward gay men and lesbians!The Construction of Attitudes Toward Lesbians and Gay Men explores the pervasiveness and widespread social acceptance of heterosexism in the United States by analyzing existing social and political systems for their representative beliefs. As a scholar or student of psychology, sociology, women’s studies/gay & lesbian studies, or social work who is concerned with the need for positive change in attitudes toward same-sex relationships at cultural, this book is for you. You will learn more about current indicators of heterosexism and homonegativity at multiple levels of representation, and better understand the cultural obstacles and openings for attitudinal transformation.IIn The Construction of Attitudes Toward Lesbians and Gay Men, empirical research, critical social analysis, theoretical development, and case study applications are used to investigate negative attitudes toward homosexuals. Some of the individual, social, and cultural prejudices that you will examine include:HIV/AIDS stigma and HIV/AIDS knowledge negative legal imagery of homosexuals portrayed by courts, such as in the 1996 majority opinion in Romer v. Evans case the lack of civil rights for homosexuals, including laws forbidding homosexual marriage homophobia in academia based on institutional policies for spouse benefits Judeo-Christian mythologies stereotypical masculine and feminine images portrayed by the media sociocultural and historical origins of sexism The Construction of Attitudes Toward Lesbians and Gay Men is a critical investigation of representations of homonegativism in American culture. You will gain a deeper understanding of individual identities and relational behaviors within today’s dominant culture through an analysis of collective ideologies, institutional policies, and more. The immense research and knowledge contained in this book provides you with a multifaceted view of current indicators of heterosexism and homonegativity and works to eliminate anti-gay/lesbian prejudice.
The Construction of European Identity among Ethnic Minorities: ‘Euro-Minorities’ in Generational Perspective (Research in Migration and Ethnic Relations Series)
by Natalia WaechterThis book is concerned with European identities among ethnic minorities who live along the eastern border of the European Union. Based on findings from quantitative and qualitative empirical research conducted with minority groups in eight nation-states on both sides of the new eastern border of the EU, it investigates their attitudes and perceptions of the EU based on their constructions of European identity. Adopting a comparative approach, the author explores different processes of identity construction across several age and ethnic minority groups, to develop a theory of European identities in which ethnic identities can be seen as a missing link in explaining relationships between different national, regional and supranational identities. With new insights regarding the political, cultural and instrumental contents of European identity and its emergence, this volume will appeal to scholars of sociology and politics with interests in ethnic identity, European integration and identity research.
The Construction of European Identity among Ethnic Minorities: ‘Euro-Minorities’ in Generational Perspective (Research in Migration and Ethnic Relations Series)
by Natalia WaechterThis book is concerned with European identities among ethnic minorities who live along the eastern border of the European Union. Based on findings from quantitative and qualitative empirical research conducted with minority groups in eight nation-states on both sides of the new eastern border of the EU, it investigates their attitudes and perceptions of the EU based on their constructions of European identity. Adopting a comparative approach, the author explores different processes of identity construction across several age and ethnic minority groups, to develop a theory of European identities in which ethnic identities can be seen as a missing link in explaining relationships between different national, regional and supranational identities. With new insights regarding the political, cultural and instrumental contents of European identity and its emergence, this volume will appeal to scholars of sociology and politics with interests in ethnic identity, European integration and identity research.
The Construction of Minority Identities in France and Britain
by G. RaymondIn France the idea that a person can be both a French citizen and have an ethnic or religious identity is unacceptable, while in Britain community cohesion promote the combining of race or faith with the idea of being British. This volume examines the problems posed by these assumptions and the realities that are forcing them to be revisited.
The Construction of Sexual and Cultural Identities: Greek-Cypriot Men in Britain (Routledge Revivals)
by Constantinos N. PhellasThis title was first published in 2002: Ethnicity, culture and sexual orientation are salient aspects of human identity. While diversity adds richness to the threads of our human tapestry, minorities often feel vulnerable with open disclosure and retreat from exposures they fear could leave them in jeopardy. This is especially so with gay men of colour. Xenophobia, homophobia and fear of HIV/AIDS combine to make our society a difficult one for gay men of colour. This book explores a broad range of culture-related topics specific to the experience of Anglo-Cypriot men resident in Britain who have sex with men. Along with empirical, clinical and theoretical discussions, the inclusion of personal accounts offers poignant insight into additional complexities, pressures and losses that gay men of colour must cope with in a world that often handles diversity with the closed fist of bigotry.
The Construction of Sexual and Cultural Identities: Greek-Cypriot Men in Britain (Routledge Revivals)
by Constantinos N. PhellasThis title was first published in 2002: Ethnicity, culture and sexual orientation are salient aspects of human identity. While diversity adds richness to the threads of our human tapestry, minorities often feel vulnerable with open disclosure and retreat from exposures they fear could leave them in jeopardy. This is especially so with gay men of colour. Xenophobia, homophobia and fear of HIV/AIDS combine to make our society a difficult one for gay men of colour. This book explores a broad range of culture-related topics specific to the experience of Anglo-Cypriot men resident in Britain who have sex with men. Along with empirical, clinical and theoretical discussions, the inclusion of personal accounts offers poignant insight into additional complexities, pressures and losses that gay men of colour must cope with in a world that often handles diversity with the closed fist of bigotry.
The Construction of Social Bonds: A Relational Theory of Globalization, Organizations and Society (New Horizons in Organization Studies series)
by Göran AhrneThis engaging and timely book demonstrates how a deeper understanding of theories about organizations are necessary for the development of a relational sociology and provides an in-depth explanation of globalization and social change. It also examines how social bonds are constructed through combinations of different forms of communication and investigates the bonds of intimate relationships and partially organized relationships such as street gangs, brotherhoods, and social movements.Göran Ahrne addresses the five key organizational elements: membership, rules, monitoring, sanctions, and hierarchy and illustrates this detailed analysis with examples of organizations ranging from rock groups and mafias, to global organizations such as Google, and meta-organizations such as FIFA. Drawing on extensive research with co-authors, Ahrne reviews how both old and new relationships expand, change and remain together amongst globalization and social change.This insightful book will be an invaluable resource for researchers and students in organizational studies as well as those studying sociology. It will also provide useful guidance for sociologists and theorists interested in social and organization theories.
The Construction of Social Judgments (Cog Studies Grp of the Inst for Behavioral Research at UGA)
by Leonard L. Martin Abraham TesserResearchers have been addressing social judgment from a cognitive perspective for more than 15 years. Within recent years, however, it has become increasingly clear that many of the models and assumptions initially adopted are in need of revision. The chapters in this volume point out where the original models and assumptions have fallen short, and suggest directions for future research and theorizing. The contributors address issues related to judgment, memory, affect, attitudes, and self-perception. In addition, many present theoretical frameworks within which these different issues can be integrated. As such, this volume represents the transition from one era of social cognition research to the next.
The Construction of Social Judgments (Cog Studies Grp of the Inst for Behavioral Research at UGA)
by Leonard L. Martin Abraham TesserResearchers have been addressing social judgment from a cognitive perspective for more than 15 years. Within recent years, however, it has become increasingly clear that many of the models and assumptions initially adopted are in need of revision. The chapters in this volume point out where the original models and assumptions have fallen short, and suggest directions for future research and theorizing. The contributors address issues related to judgment, memory, affect, attitudes, and self-perception. In addition, many present theoretical frameworks within which these different issues can be integrated. As such, this volume represents the transition from one era of social cognition research to the next.
The Construction of Truth in Contemporary Media Narratives about Risk (Routledge Advances in Sociology)
by John GaffeyThe Construction of Truth in Contemporary Media Narratives about Risk provides a theoretical framework for how, in a post-truth era, media audiences are able to understand and navigate everyday risk. The book examines media risk narratives and explores forms of truth, experiential knowledge, and authority. Using the concept of parrhesia to show how we invest trust in various types of knowledge in a changing media environment, the book demonstrates how we choose between expert and non-expert information when navigating a seemingly risky world. It considers how news media formats have previously engaged audiences through risk narratives and examines how experiential knowledge has come to hold a valuable place for individuals navigating what we are often told is an increasingly risky and uncertain world. The book also examines the increasingly precarious position of expert knowledge and examines how contemporary truth-games play out between experts and non-experts, and considers how this extends into the world of online and social media. This book will be of interest to those researching or teaching in the areas of criminology, sociology, media and cultural studies, and of interest to readers in professional areas such as journalism and politics.
The Construction of Truth in Contemporary Media Narratives about Risk (Routledge Advances in Sociology)
by John GaffeyThe Construction of Truth in Contemporary Media Narratives about Risk provides a theoretical framework for how, in a post-truth era, media audiences are able to understand and navigate everyday risk. The book examines media risk narratives and explores forms of truth, experiential knowledge, and authority. Using the concept of parrhesia to show how we invest trust in various types of knowledge in a changing media environment, the book demonstrates how we choose between expert and non-expert information when navigating a seemingly risky world. It considers how news media formats have previously engaged audiences through risk narratives and examines how experiential knowledge has come to hold a valuable place for individuals navigating what we are often told is an increasingly risky and uncertain world. The book also examines the increasingly precarious position of expert knowledge and examines how contemporary truth-games play out between experts and non-experts, and considers how this extends into the world of online and social media. This book will be of interest to those researching or teaching in the areas of criminology, sociology, media and cultural studies, and of interest to readers in professional areas such as journalism and politics.
Construction Safety (Risk Engineering)
by Rita Yi Li Sun Wah PoonA close-to-ideal blend of suburb and city, speedy construction of towers of Babylon, the sparkling proportion of glass and steel buildings’ facade at night showcase the wisdom of humans. They also witness the footsteps, sweats and tears of architects and engineers. Unfortunately, these signatures of human civilizations are swathed in towering figures of construction accidents. Fretting about these on sites, different countries adopt different measures on sites. This book firstly sketches the construction accidents on sites, followed by a review on safety measures in some of the developing countries such as Bermuda, Egypt, Kuwait and China; as well as developed countries, for example, the United States, France and Singapore. It also highlights the enormous compensation costs with the courts’ experiences in the United Kingdom and Hong Kong.
Constructionist Controversies: Issues in Social Problems Theory
by Gale Miller James A. Holstein"Constructionist Controversies" reviews the substantial contributions to social problems theory that have been made by social constructionist theorists and examines debates about the future of this perspective. Intended for the student, the volume provides a succinct formulation of all the major issues of social constructionism by contributors who are well recognized within the field for the strength with which they articulate their own widely varied viewpoints.
Constructionist Controversies: Issues in Social Problems Theory
by Gale Miller James A. Holstein"Constructionist Controversies" reviews the substantial contributions to social problems theory that have been made by social constructionist theorists and examines debates about the future of this perspective. Intended for the student, the volume provides a succinct formulation of all the major issues of social constructionism by contributors who are well recognized within the field for the strength with which they articulate their own widely varied viewpoints.
Constructions of Childhood in India: Exploring the Personal and Sociocultural Contours
by Ravneet KaurThis book explores the dominant constructions of childhood as perceived by children and adults in contemporary Indian society. It unveils the everyday lived experiences of children within family life to explain the meaning of childhood and the position of children as social groups. Based on detailed qualitative study, this volume discusses the themes and issues that impact dominant constructions of childhood. It establishes childhood as a structurally constructed category and sheds light on how key social differences influence the diverse experiences of childhood. The book critically examines how children, as social actors, contribute to the structural space of childhood through the recognition of their own experiences, voices, and ways of interpretations. Further, it also compares and analyses childhoods of today with those of the past generations. Engagingly written and nuanced, the book will be of great interest to teachers and students of education, childhood studies, elementary education, sociology of education and social psychology. It will also be useful for teachers of teacher training institutions, policymakers, educationalists, education professionals, parents and researchers working with children and childhood studies.
Constructions of Childhood in India: Exploring the Personal and Sociocultural Contours
by Ravneet KaurThis book explores the dominant constructions of childhood as perceived by children and adults in contemporary Indian society. It unveils the everyday lived experiences of children within family life to explain the meaning of childhood and the position of children as social groups. Based on detailed qualitative study, this volume discusses the themes and issues that impact dominant constructions of childhood. It establishes childhood as a structurally constructed category and sheds light on how key social differences influence the diverse experiences of childhood. The book critically examines how children, as social actors, contribute to the structural space of childhood through the recognition of their own experiences, voices, and ways of interpretations. Further, it also compares and analyses childhoods of today with those of the past generations. Engagingly written and nuanced, the book will be of great interest to teachers and students of education, childhood studies, elementary education, sociology of education and social psychology. It will also be useful for teachers of teacher training institutions, policymakers, educationalists, education professionals, parents and researchers working with children and childhood studies.
Constructions Of Disability: Researching The Interface Between Disabled And Non-disabled People
by Claire TregaskisDiscusses the meaning of inclusion through the exploration of the interactions between disabled and non-disabled people at a community leisure centre. The text extends the focus of disability research to pay more attention to the ways that activity in the disabled and non-disabled interface is implicated in reinforcing or challenging oppression.