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AI on Trial

AI on Trial follows the same process as a High Court trial, and in so doing it takes an innovative approach to the most innovative of technological areas.Addressing the current state of artificial intelligence and the law, the book identifies why the technology should be 'placed on trial' and presents relevant evidence, before passing 'judgment' and proposing a Manifesto for Responsible AI and a blueprint for an ethical, legal and regulatory framework.The 'trial' examines such questions as:-Should AI, a computer technology, have rights and responsibilities?-What are the legal and ethical issues created by the implicit bias of coders and data sets?-Is AI racist?-Do we need a Hippocratic Oath in AI?-Could AI lead to a data war to end all wars?-Can we trust AI?Readers will benefit from understanding the necessary considerations in formulating any legal framework and will come to recognise the role of any such framework, not only in preventing harm, but in supporting growth and technological advancement.Written from the viewpoint of practitioners, academics and journalists, this is an essential title for all information and technology law practitioners, in-house counsel, data protection officers, company directors, finance directors, academics and students. Technologists, regulators, legislators and journalists interested in getting to grips with the issues presented by AI will also benefit.

AI, Pandemic and Healthcare

The demand for telehealth solutions has been growing exponentially after the Covid-19 pandemic. Hospitals remain understaffed, which leads to staff burnouts and unsatisfactory patient experience. They also find it difficult to use AI to reduce the workload for doctors and nurses. Doctors barely use data collected from wearables and home-use medical devices to make diagnosis. As generative AI advances, traditional medical device manufacturers are exploring with open innovation to transform into a software-based business model facing competition from large tech companies and startups. This book shares the perspectives from different stakeholders around the challenges of the use of AI in healthcare.

AI, Pandemic and Healthcare

The demand for telehealth solutions has been growing exponentially after the Covid-19 pandemic. Hospitals remain understaffed, which leads to staff burnouts and unsatisfactory patient experience. They also find it difficult to use AI to reduce the workload for doctors and nurses. Doctors barely use data collected from wearables and home-use medical devices to make diagnosis. As generative AI advances, traditional medical device manufacturers are exploring with open innovation to transform into a software-based business model facing competition from large tech companies and startups. This book shares the perspectives from different stakeholders around the challenges of the use of AI in healthcare.

AI Time Series Control System Modelling

This book describes the practical application of artificial intelligence (AI) methods using time series data in system control. This book consistently discusses the application of machine learning to the analysis and modelling of time series data of physical quantities to be controlled in the field of system control.Since dynamic systems are not stable steady states but changing transient states, the changing transient states depend on the state history before the change. In other words, it is essential to predict the change from the present to the future based on the time history of each variable in the target system, and to manipulate the system to achieve the desired change. In short, time series is the key to the application of AI machine learning to system control. This is the philosophy of this book: "time series data" + "AI machine learning" = "new practical control methods".This book can give my helps to undergradate or graduate students, institute researchers and senior engineers whose scientific background are engineering, mathematics, physics and other natural sciences.

The AI Wave in Defence Innovation: Assessing Military Artificial Intelligence Strategies, Capabilities, and Trajectories

An international and interdisciplinary perspective on the adoption and governance of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) in defence and military innovation by major and middle powers. Advancements in AI and ML pose pressing questions related to evolving conceptions of military power, compliance with international humanitarian law, peace promotion, strategic stability, arms control, future operational environments, and technology races. To navigate the breadth of this AI and international security agenda, the contributors to this book include experts on AI, technology governance, and defence innovation to assess military AI strategic perspectives from major and middle AI powers alike. These include views of how the United States, China, Japan, South Korea, the European Union, and Russia see AI/ML as a technology with the potential to reshape military affairs and power structures in the broader international system. This diverse set of views aims to help elucidate key similarities and differences between AI powers in the evolving strategic context. A valuable read for scholars of security studies, public policy, and STS studies with an interest in the impacts of AI and ML technologies.

The AI Wave in Defence Innovation: Assessing Military Artificial Intelligence Strategies, Capabilities, and Trajectories

An international and interdisciplinary perspective on the adoption and governance of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) in defence and military innovation by major and middle powers. Advancements in AI and ML pose pressing questions related to evolving conceptions of military power, compliance with international humanitarian law, peace promotion, strategic stability, arms control, future operational environments, and technology races. To navigate the breadth of this AI and international security agenda, the contributors to this book include experts on AI, technology governance, and defence innovation to assess military AI strategic perspectives from major and middle AI powers alike. These include views of how the United States, China, Japan, South Korea, the European Union, and Russia see AI/ML as a technology with the potential to reshape military affairs and power structures in the broader international system. This diverse set of views aims to help elucidate key similarities and differences between AI powers in the evolving strategic context. A valuable read for scholars of security studies, public policy, and STS studies with an interest in the impacts of AI and ML technologies.

AIChE Equipment Testing Procedure - Centrifugal Compressors: A Guide to Performance Evaluation and Site Testing

AIChE's first manual for testing and measuring performance of centrifugal compressors The newest addition to AIChE's long-running Equipment Testing Procedure series, Centrifugal Compressors: A Guide to Performance Evaluation and Site Testing provides chemical engineers, plant managers, and other professionals with helpful advice to assess and measure the performance of a key component in a number of chemical process operations. From petrochemical refining and natural gas production to air separation plants, efficient, safe, and environmentally-sound operations depend on reliable performance by centrifugal compressors. The book presents a step-by-step approach to preparing for, planning, executing, and analyzing tests of centrifugal compressors, with an emphasis on methods that can be conducted on-site—and with an acknowledgement of the strengths and limitations of these methods. The book opens with an extensive and detailed section offering definitions of relevant terms explained not only in words, but also with the equations used to determine their values. The book then goes on to address: Selection of instrumentation and identification of elements to be measured Strategies for data collection and evaluation Recommendations for when to schedule testing Pre-test, in-test, and post-test considerations (i.e., equipment, safety, process, and environmental) Computation and interpretation of results, including guidelines for field modifications and analysis of results The book concludes with appendices for applicable codes and standards, relevant symbols and nomenclature, and values generated from a sample performance test. With its engineer-tested procedures and thorough explanations, Centrifugal Compressors is an essential text for anyone engaged in implementing new technology in equipment design, identifying process problems, and optimizing equipment performance.

AIChE Equipment Testing Procedure - Mixing Equipment (Impeller Type)

The latest edition of this industry-friendly guide to evaluating the performance of mixing equipment brings this traditional process operation into the 21st century. The book starts with basic definitions and terms, and goes to detail test planning and procedures, and computation and evaluation of results. Appendices offer a troubleshooting checklists, sample log.

AIChE Equipment Testing Procedure - Particle Size Classifiers

This procedure offers complete methodologies for sampling and measuring particle streams and summarizes methods of particle size analysis. It also lists operating variables to be considered and measured. Although the procedure is intended specifically for particle classification equipment, many of the items are also relevant to particle collection devices.

AIChE Equipment Testing Procedure - Tray Distillation Columns: A Guide to Performance Evaluation

Special Details: Equipment Testing Procedure. Softcover Member and other discounts do not apply to this title.

AIChE Equipment Testing Procedure - Trayed and Packed Columns: A Guide to Performance Evaluation

AIChE manual updates and consolidates procedures for testing performance of distillation columns From classic distillation operations to air stripping to other separations processes, selecting the correct column for appropriate efficient, safe, and environmentally-sound operations can be an important step. The newest updated volume in AIChE’s long-running Equipment Testing Procedures series, Trayed and Packed Columns: A Guide to Performance Evaluation, Third Edition provides chemical engineers, plant managers, and other professionals with helpful advice to assess and measure performance of a variety of distillation columns, including those that utilize bubble cap, sieve, valve trays, or packing material. The new book combines and updates into one user-friendly volume the best available field knowledge from previous publications on both types of distillation columns. Designed not as a single set of compulsory steps, but as a compilation of techniques, it will allow the user to select the procedure that best applies to its operating parameters. The testing steps presented can be used to assess reliable performance data on mass transfer efficiency, capacity, energy consumption, and pressure drop—information essential to effective troubleshooting of performance problems, identifying capacity bottlenecks, determining operating ranges, and a number of other routine maintenance and optimization processes. Opening with an extensive definition section, organized by topical area, the book then goes on to address: Selection of instrumentation and identification of elements to be measured Pre-test planning procedures Strategies for data collection and evaluation, including sampling procedures Pre-test, in-test, and post-test considerations (equipment, safety, process, environmental) Computation and interpretation of results, including individual breakdowns for trayed and packed columns in terms of hydraulic and efficiency performance Test troubleshooting analysis in twelve key areas The book concludes with appendices for relevant symbols and nomenclature, plus sample caculations generated from performance tests. With its engineer-tested procedures and thorough explanations, Trayed and Packed Columns: A Guide to Performance Evaluation, Third Edition is an essential text for anyone engaged in implementing new technology in equipment design, identifying process problems, and optimizing equipment performance.

AIChE Equipment Testing Procedure - Trayed and Packed Columns: A Guide to Performance Evaluation

AIChE manual updates and consolidates procedures for testing performance of distillation columns From classic distillation operations to air stripping to other separations processes, selecting the correct column for appropriate efficient, safe, and environmentally-sound operations can be an important step. The newest updated volume in AIChE’s long-running Equipment Testing Procedures series, Trayed and Packed Columns: A Guide to Performance Evaluation, Third Edition provides chemical engineers, plant managers, and other professionals with helpful advice to assess and measure performance of a variety of distillation columns, including those that utilize bubble cap, sieve, valve trays, or packing material. The new book combines and updates into one user-friendly volume the best available field knowledge from previous publications on both types of distillation columns. Designed not as a single set of compulsory steps, but as a compilation of techniques, it will allow the user to select the procedure that best applies to its operating parameters. The testing steps presented can be used to assess reliable performance data on mass transfer efficiency, capacity, energy consumption, and pressure drop—information essential to effective troubleshooting of performance problems, identifying capacity bottlenecks, determining operating ranges, and a number of other routine maintenance and optimization processes. Opening with an extensive definition section, organized by topical area, the book then goes on to address: Selection of instrumentation and identification of elements to be measured Pre-test planning procedures Strategies for data collection and evaluation, including sampling procedures Pre-test, in-test, and post-test considerations (equipment, safety, process, environmental) Computation and interpretation of results, including individual breakdowns for trayed and packed columns in terms of hydraulic and efficiency performance Test troubleshooting analysis in twelve key areas The book concludes with appendices for relevant symbols and nomenclature, plus sample caculations generated from performance tests. With its engineer-tested procedures and thorough explanations, Trayed and Packed Columns: A Guide to Performance Evaluation, Third Edition is an essential text for anyone engaged in implementing new technology in equipment design, identifying process problems, and optimizing equipment performance.

Aid Effectiveness for Environmental Sustainability

This collection examines the role that foreign aid can play in dealing with the severe global challenge of climate change, one of the most pressing international development issues of the 21st century. Addressing the key threats of rising temperatures, changes in precipitation, coastal erosion and natural disasters, the book considers the implications for policy and future research, particularly in developing countries. Focusing on the worth of foreign aid in ensuring environmental sustainability, this collection consider how it can be used to improve access to sustainable energy, to promote efficient use of energy resources, to improve emission reduction and support the preservation of biodiversity in forests. Advancing our knowledge about foreign aid and climate change, it provides policy recommendations for the donors and recipient country governments. A cutting edge text on one of the most pressing international development issues of this century, this is key reading for all scholars of international development and climate change.

Aid Effectiveness for Environmental Sustainability

This collection examines the role that foreign aid can play in dealing with the severe global challenge of climate change, one of the most pressing international development issues of the 21st century. Addressing the key threats of rising temperatures, changes in precipitation, coastal erosion and natural disasters, the book considers the implications for policy and future research, particularly in developing countries. Focusing on the worth of foreign aid in ensuring environmental sustainability, this collection consider how it can be used to improve access to sustainable energy, to promote efficient use of energy resources, to improve emission reduction and support the preservation of biodiversity in forests. Advancing our knowledge about foreign aid and climate change, it provides policy recommendations for the donors and recipient country governments. A cutting edge text on one of the most pressing international development issues of this century, this is key reading for all scholars of international development and climate change.

AIDS — Ein Virusinfekt des Immunsystems: Vorgetragen in der Sitzung vom 8. Juni 1985 (Sitzungsberichte der Heidelberger Akademie der Wissenschaften #1985 / 3)

AIDS and Obstetrics and Gynaecology

AIDS continually presents new questions for the obstetrician and gynecologist. The effect on pregnancy, the possibility of perinatal transmission, HIV positive tests, and risk to staff are just a few of the issues confronting clinicians and practitioners today. These and other questions were addressed by the 19th Study Group of the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, whose findings are reported here.

AIDS and Tuberculosis: A Deadly Liaison (Infection Biology (VCH))

Providing the latest information on preventive, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of tuberculosis and AIDS, this is the only book to place a major emphasis on the increasing coexistence of these two life-threatening diseases in individuals. Edited by outstanding scientists in the field, this ready reference is divided into three main sections covering immunology and vaccination strategies, drugs, and clinical issues. Timely reading for microbiologists, virologists, bacteriologists, immunologists, and pathophysiologists, as well as for the pharmaceutical and biotechnological industries.

AIDS and Women’s Reproductive Health (Reproductive Biology)

Over the past decade, the AIDS pandemic has propagated so widely and exerted such a dev­ astating impact that one may properly ask the question, Why not concentrate all AIDS efforts on disease control alone? Why link AIDS with women's reproductive health? What is the scientific basis for this linkage? And how might AID~ control and women's health objectives be promot­ ed simultaneously? These questions constitute the principal themes addressed in this monograph. The 15 chapters in this volume are intended to provide state-of-the-art reviews of key interac­ tions between AIDS and women's reproductive health for an audience of scientists and policy makers in the AIDS and population fields. Impetus for this monograph comes in pan from what we perceive to be an inadequate global response, thus far, to AIDS and women's health ;>roblems. A common platform has failed to emerge among the disparate professional communities working in the areas of AIDS, STDs, and family planning. As a result, endeavors in these fields have been isolated, and opportunities for joint action have been missed. An enormous and, as yet, unharnessed potential exists for power­ ful interdisciplinary collaborations that could strengthen policies and programs against these pressing health problems of humankind.

Aids im amerikanischen und deutschen Recht: Eine kritische Bestandsaufnahme des Rechts der USA und ihre rechtspolitischen Konsequenzen für die Bundesrepublik Deutschland (MedR Schriftenreihe Medizinrecht)

Das Buch stellt - unter Einbeziehung medizinischer Erkenntnisse - ausführlich die in den USA bestehende Rechtslage zur Immunschwächekrankheit Aids dar und vergleicht sie mit dem deutschen Rechtszustand. Behandelt werden - die Aids-Forschungsförderung (Art und Umfang der Förderung) - die Aids-Aufklärung (und zwar der Öffentlichkeit sowie einzelner Gruppen z.B. der Schüler, Lehrer, Ärzte, Gefangenen, Heiratswilligen) - die Pflicht zu HIV-Tests (von Blut- und anderen Spenden sowie von verschiedenen Personengruppen, z.B. der Immigranten, Heiratswilligen, Prostituierten, Gefangenen, Soldaten, Beamten, Krankenhauspatienten und der allgemeinen Bevölkerung) - der Schutz vor einer Diskriminierung HIV-Infizierter (insbesondere im Arbeitsleben, Schulwesen, Wohnungs- und Versicherungswesen). Die amerikanische Rechtslage wird in den einschlägigen Abschnitten jeweils einer umfassenden Bewertung unterzogen und darauf überprüft, ob sie für die Aids betreffende rechtspolitische Diskussion in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland fruchtbar gemacht werden kann.

AIDS: Virus- or Drug Induced? (Contemporary Issues in Genetics and Evolution #5)

Despite enormous efforts, over 100,000 papers and over $22 billion spent by the US taxpayer alone, the HIV-AIDS hypothesis has failed to produce any public health benefits, no vaccine, no effective drug, no prevention, no cure, not a single life saved. Is the science system to be blamed? Has science failed to reveal the truth about AIDS? In AIDS: Virus or Drug Induced?, two dozen scientists, scholars and journalists have investigated the status quo of AIDS research. Most of them have questioned the HIV-AIDS hypothesis before, but have since been censored, and sociologically excluded from AIDS research, politics and journalism. Here they are united for the first time to put on trial the HIV-AIDS hypothesis. There are those who acquit HIV entirely. Others who make a case for HIV as a necessary, but not a sufficient cause of AIDS. And one medical scientist who, together with the huge AIDS literature, defends the hypothesis that HIV is sufficient to cause AIDS. The book convincingly reveals that the scientific method could very well find a solution to AIDS, but only if ideas can be exchanged freely and if the HIV monopoly can be broken. AIDS: Virus or Drug Induced? illustrates that the solution to AIDS could be as close as one of several, very testable and very affordable alternatives to the unproductive HIV-AIDS hypothesis.

AIIA 2022: Improving the Resilience of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Systems in the Post-Covid Era (Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering #337)

This volume gathers the latest advances, innovations, and applications in the field of biosystems engineering, as presented at the 12th Conference of the Italian Association of Agricultural Engineering (AIIA), held in Palermo, Italy, on September 19-22, 2022. Focusing on the challenges of improving the resilience of agriculture, forestry and food systems in the post-Covid era, it shows how the research has addressed the following topics: Monitoring and modelling hydraulic and hydrological processes in agriculture and forestry systems; Challenges in stream rehabilitation and soil conservation strategies; Sustainable water resource management under climate change scenarios; Planning safe, healthy and resilient territorial, built and green systems; Cultural heritage preservation and rural landscape protection, planning and management; Plant and livestock production processes and technologies. Healthy and Organic farming. Animal welfare; Energy, waste and by-products smart use; Post-harvest logistics and food chain structures technology; Applications and experiences in smart agriculture and forestry; One Health, management and standardization for agriculture and forestry machinery and structures; Big data, machine learning and data hub in biosystems engineering. The contributions were selected by a rigorous peer-review process, and offer an extensive and multidisciplinary overview of the research in the field of biosystems engineering for sustainable agriculture.

Ailes, Nuages et Tourbillons: La mécanique des fluides en France de 1900 à 1950 - Une politique nationale (Science Networks. Historical Studies #61)

French aeronautics shone brightly in the first decade of the twentieth Century, but declined after the Great War. To remedy this situation, a new Ministry of Air launched in 1929 a large national program of scientific research in fluid mechanics, including the creation of four institutes and five teaching centers in the faculties of sciences in Paris and the provinces. This visionary policy, supported by considerable means, started a quite creative period and led to important achievements notably in the fields of atmospheric turbulence, thermoconvection and wake vortices. The usual picture of a period exclusively dominated by German and British contributions (and growing North-American ones), comes out significantly revised. The fruits of this policy will allow France to play a major role in the creation, after World War II, of the International Union of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, and are still visible today in the French teaching and research organization. Based on original materials unearthed from a variety of archival sources and scientific papers, the present book recounts this history in all its intertwined scientific, industrial, political and cultural dimensions.Peer-review recommendation: “The text is tremendously well written, and it remains clear and accessible even in its most scientifically advanced dimensions. The author is thus able to address both connoisseurs of the field, who will enjoy reading - and discovering not only scientific but also literary elements and references - and neophytes who are never left by the wayside as the chapters progress. An exceptional and original iconography usefully completes this picture, without overloading it.”L'aéronautique française, qui a tant brillé au début du XXe siècle, décline nettement après la Grande Guerre. Afin de redresser la situation, un nouveau ministère de l'Air lance alors, en 1929, un ambitieux programme en faveur de la recherche en mécanique des fluides, incluant la création de quatre instituts et cinq centres d'enseignement dans les facultés des sciences de Paris et de province. Cette politique visionnaire, dotée de moyens considérables, initie une période très dynamique et créative, en particulier dans les domaines de la turbulence atmosphérique, de la thermoconvection et des tourbillons de sillage. L'image d'un demi-siècle exclusivement dominé par les contributions allemandes et anglaises (et ensuite américaines) s'en trouve notablement transformée. Les fruits de cette politique permettront à la France de jouer un rôle majeur dans la création, après la Seconde Guerre mondiale, de l'Union internationale de mécanique théorique et appliquée, et demeurent visibles aujourd'hui encore dans les structures d'enseignement et de recherche. Fondé sur des documents originaux issus de nombreuses archives et publications, le présent livre raconte cette histoire dans ses différentes dimensions scientifique, industrielle, politique et culturelle.

The Aim and Structure of Physical Theory (Princeton Science Library #126)

This classic work in the philosophy of physical science is an incisive and readable account of the scientific method. Pierre Duhem was one of the great figures in French science, a devoted teacher, and a distinguished scholar of the history and philosophy of science. This book represents his most mature thought on a wide range of topics.

The Aim and Structure of Physical Theory

This classic work in the philosophy of physical science is an incisive and readable account of the scientific method. Pierre Duhem was one of the great figures in French science, a devoted teacher, and a distinguished scholar of the history and philosophy of science. This book represents his most mature thought on a wide range of topics.

AIME 87: European Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Medicine Marseilles, August 31st – September 3rd 1987 Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Medical Informatics #33)

The current scarcity of expert systems where the reasoning is based on Bayesian probability theory may be due to misconceptions about probabilities found in the literature. As argued by Cheeseman (1985), these misconceptions have led to the attitude: "The Bayesian approach doesn't work - so here is a new scheme". Several of these expert systems based on ad hoc "probability" concepts have been successful in a number of ways, demonstrating the necessity of being able to handle uncertainty in medical expert systems. They also demonstrate the need for a theoretically sound handling of uncertainty. In Andersen et al. (1986) it was postulated that knowledge organized in a causal network can be used for a unified approach to the main tasks of a medical expert system: diagnosis, planning of tests and explanations. The present paper explores this postulate in a causal probabilistic network. It also provides a practical demonstration that the problems supposedly associated with probabilistic networks are either non-existent or that practical solutions can be found. This paper reports on the methods implemented in MUNIN* -an expert system for electromyography (EMG) (Andreassen et al. 1987). EMG is the diagnosis of muscle and nerve diseases through analysis of bioelectrical signals from muscle and nerve tissue. In Andreassen et al.