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Causal Pluralism in the Life Sciences: A Journey Along the Frontiers of Conceptual Plurality (History, Philosophy and Theory of the Life Sciences #25)

by Kolja Ehrenstein

This book takes a new approach to the debate on causal pluralism in the philosophy of biology by asking how useful pluralism is instead of debating its truth. The core thesis in this work is that many problems do not hinge on the question of whether or not we subscribe to causal pluralism. As one step in this central argument, the author develops an account that reasonably distinguishes pluralism from monism; in another step he studies cases that allegedly motivate causal pluralism in biology. Examining these cases shows how pluralism is often irrelevant and why pursuing pluralism is sometimes dangerous, since it may generate pseudo solutions to persistent philosophical problems. This book offers a systematic approach to this subject matter and argues that we might have overestimated the significance of the monism-pluralism distinction and at the same time failed to see the risks of pursuing causal pluralism.

Causality, Method, and Modality: Essays in Honor of Jules Vuillemin (The Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science #48)

by Gordon G. Brittan

Deservedly so, Jules Vuillemin is widely respected and greatly admired. It is not simply that he has produced a large body of outstanding work, in many different areas of philosophy. Or that he combines to an unusual degree rigorous standards with a very wide perspective. Or even that in his path-breaking accounts of algebra, of !)escartes, of Kant and of Russell, he showed in new and profound ways how the histories of science and philosophy could be used to illuminate each other. It is also that he has pursued the application of formal techniques and the defense of liberal institutions with a rare singlemindedness and courage. In a time and place where the former were generally ignored and the latter often attacked, he carried on, at some personal cost, embodying a traditional and ideal conception of the philosophical life, bridging national differences. Those who know him also treasure his friendship. Always curious, he delights in new facts and new experiences, and continually heightens the perception of those around him. Almost yearly, at the College de France he introduced brand new courses always with fresh and fruitful inSights. Exceptionally solicitous, he follows the lives of the families around him in great detail. The devotion of his students is legend. His personal energy is also legend. Many of us have followed him bounding up the stairs two at a time or through the gardens of the Luxembourg, his wit and irony apace.

Causation, Coherence and Concepts: A Collection of Essays (Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science #256)

by W. Spohn

In this collection I present 16 of my, I feel, more substantial papers on theoretical philosophy, 12 as originally published, one co-authored with Ulrike Haas-Spohn (Chapter14), one (Chapter 15) that was a brief conference commentary, but is in fact a suitable appendix to Chapter 14, one as a translation of a German paper (Chapter 12), and one newly written for this volume (Chapter 16), which, however, is only my recent attempt to properly and completely express an argument I had given in two earlier papers. I gratefully acknowledge permission of reprint from the relevant publishers at the beginning of each paper. In disciplinary terms the papers cover epistemology, general philosophy of science, philosophy of language, and philosophy of mind. The section titles Belief, Causation, Laws, Coherence, and Concepts and the paper titles give a more adequate impression of the topics dealt with. The papers are tightly connected. I feel they might be even read as unfolding a program, though this program was never fully clear in my mind and still isn’t. In the Introduction I attempt to describe what this program might be, thus drawing a reconstructed red thread, or rather two red threads, through all the papers. This will serve, at the same time, as an overview over the papers collected.

Cause, Mind, and Reality: Essays Honoring C.B. Martin (Philosophical Studies Series #47)

by JohnHeil

T is said that there is no progress in philosophy. The illusion of standing I still, however, arises only when we lose sight of our history and so fail to notice the distance we have travelled. Philosophers nowadays find obvious ideas and themes that, as it happens, emerged slowly and painfully and largely in reaction to prevailing sensibilities. The essays here honour a man to whom present-day philosophy owes much: Charles Burton Martin. In reflecting on my own on-going and somewhat chaotic philosophical education, I find considerable evidence of Charlie Martin's influence. After departing graduate school, one of the first papers I succeeded in publishing consisted of an attack on Martin and Deutscher's 'Remembering'. ' After that, Charlie more or less vanished from my conscious awareness until the winter of 1985, when we appeared together in a colloquium at the Eastern Division meetings of the American Philosophical Association. Although Charlie was nominally a commentator on a paper I was delivering, his 'comments' contained more philosophy and went considerably beyond the tentative and highly circumscribed thesis I had elected to defend. Whereas my focus had been on a tiny feature of Hilary Putnam's argument against realism, Charlie went straight for the jugular, addressing matters that immediately took us into deep water.

The CBT Workbook: Use CBT to Change Your Life

by Dr Stephanie Fitzgerald

The practical way to the best results.Do you want to find out how CBT can help you achieve your goals? Do you want to challenge and change your negative thoughts? Do you want to free yourself from depression, anxiety and low moods and embrace a happier way of life? This new Teach Yourself Workbook doesn't just tell you how to use CBT to improve your life. It accompanies you every step of the way, with diagnostic tools, goal-setting charts, practical exercises, and many more features ideal for people who want a more active style of learning. The book helps you set specific goals to improve on; as you progress, you will be able to keep checking your progress against these goals. Specially created exercises will help you boost your skills and communication so that you can reach your potential in any situation.

Celeb 2.0: How Social Media Foster Our Fascination with Popular Culture (New Directions in Media)

by Kelli S. Burns

This volume looks at how the new capabilities of Web 2.0 are changing the worlds of celebrity fandom and gossip.With Ashton Kutcher's record-breaking "tweeting" more famous than his films, and Perez Hilton actually getting more attention than Paris, the actress often covered in his blog, the worlds of celebrity celebration and online social networking are pushing the public's crush on the famous and infamous into overdrive. Celeb 2.0: How Social Media Foster Our Fascination with Popular Culture explores this phenomenon.Celeb 2.0 looks at how blogs, video sharing sites, user-news sites, social networks, and message boards are fueling America's already voracious consumption of pop culture. Full of fascinating insights and interviews, the book looks at how celebrities use blogs, Twitter, and other tools, how YouTube and other sites create celebrity, how Web 2.0 shortens the distance between fans and stars, and how the new social media influences news reporting and series television.

Celeb 2.0: How Social Media Foster Our Fascination with Popular Culture (New Directions in Media)

by Kelli S. Burns

This volume looks at how the new capabilities of Web 2.0 are changing the worlds of celebrity fandom and gossip.With Ashton Kutcher's record-breaking "tweeting" more famous than his films, and Perez Hilton actually getting more attention than Paris, the actress often covered in his blog, the worlds of celebrity celebration and online social networking are pushing the public's crush on the famous and infamous into overdrive. Celeb 2.0: How Social Media Foster Our Fascination with Popular Culture explores this phenomenon.Celeb 2.0 looks at how blogs, video sharing sites, user-news sites, social networks, and message boards are fueling America's already voracious consumption of pop culture. Full of fascinating insights and interviews, the book looks at how celebrities use blogs, Twitter, and other tools, how YouTube and other sites create celebrity, how Web 2.0 shortens the distance between fans and stars, and how the new social media influences news reporting and series television.

Celebrity in the 21st Century: A Reference Handbook (Contemporary World Issues)

by Larry Z. Leslie

This book offers a critical look at celebrity and celebrities throughout history, emphasizing the development of celebrity as a concept, its relevance to individuals, and the role of the public and celebrities in popular culture.Tabloid magazines, television shows, and Internet sites inundate us with daily updates about movie stars, musicians, athletes, and even those who have achieved celebrity status simply for being rich and extravagant. Disturbingly, it appears that the harder our celebrities fall, the more fascinating they are to us.As popular culture becomes more influential, it is important to understand both the positive and negative aspects of celebrity. This volume traces the development of the concept of celebrity, discusses some of the problems facing both celebrities and their followers, and points to future trends and developments in our cultural understanding of celebrity. The author's treatment is unflinchingly honest, revealing the importance of the public's role in celebrities' lives and establishing firm criteria for determining who is a celebrity—and who is not.

Celebrity in the 21st Century: A Reference Handbook (Contemporary World Issues)

by Larry Z. Leslie

This book offers a critical look at celebrity and celebrities throughout history, emphasizing the development of celebrity as a concept, its relevance to individuals, and the role of the public and celebrities in popular culture.Tabloid magazines, television shows, and Internet sites inundate us with daily updates about movie stars, musicians, athletes, and even those who have achieved celebrity status simply for being rich and extravagant. Disturbingly, it appears that the harder our celebrities fall, the more fascinating they are to us.As popular culture becomes more influential, it is important to understand both the positive and negative aspects of celebrity. This volume traces the development of the concept of celebrity, discusses some of the problems facing both celebrities and their followers, and points to future trends and developments in our cultural understanding of celebrity. The author's treatment is unflinchingly honest, revealing the importance of the public's role in celebrities' lives and establishing firm criteria for determining who is a celebrity—and who is not.

Celestine: Voices From A French Village

by Gillian Tindall

When Gillian Tindall discovered a cache of tightly folded letters in a deserted house in central France, recently emptied of 150 years of a family's possessions, she uncovered the obscure and moving life of one woman, Celestine Chaumette. This is Tindall's brilliantly original recreation of the vanished world of a French village.

Cellular-Molecular Mechanisms in Epigenetic Evolutionary Biology

by John Torday William Miller Jr.

There has been no mechanistic explanation for evolutionary change consistent with phylogeny in the 150 years since the publication of ‘Origins’. As a result, progress in the field of evolutionary biology has stagnated, relying on descriptive observations and genetic associations rather testable scientific measures. This book illuminates the need for a larger evolutionary-based platform for biology. Like physics and chemistry, biology needs a central theory in order to frame the questions that arise, the way hypotheses are tested, and how to interpret the data in the context of a continuum.The reduction of biology to its self-referential, self-organized properties provides the opportunity to recognize the continuum from the Singularity/Big Bang to Consciousness based on cell-cell communication for homeostasis.

The Celtic Baby Names Book

by Various

There is currently a huge resurgence of interest in genealogy and in searching out one's roots. People are keen to delve back to early civilisations from which family ancestors came, hence the fascination with all things Celtic. Drawn from legend, place names, mythology and history, Celtic names reflect the magic and charm of the isles they come from: Ireland, Wales, Scotland, Cornwall, and even Spain and Italy. This unique, enchanting guide draws on Celtic history and culture to provide expectant parents with over 2,500 beautiful, one-of-a-kind Celtic names. Divided by sex with Gaelic spellings and name variations, as well as the origins and meanings of names, The Celtic Baby Names Book is a fun, comprehensive guide to Celtic names.

Celtic Names: Their Meaning, History and Mythology

by Sean McLaughlin

The influence of the Celtic tradition lives on in music, craftsmanship and, most importantly, names. Many of the most popular names in currency today have Celtic roots and this book shows the fascinating diversity. While most pages are dedicated to first names, surnames and place names are also covered. There are over 1500 separate entries.Celtic Names is a rich source of reference for anyone interested in, and inspired by, the Celtic world.

The Celtic Place-names of Scotland

by W. J. Watson

First published in 1926, this book remains the best and most comprehensive guide to the Celtic place-names of Scotland and is essential reading for anyone interested in Scottish history and the derivations of place-names the length and breadth of the country. It is divided into sections dealing with early names, territorial divisions, general surveys of areas, and also looks at saints, church terms and river names. As the standard reference work on the subject it has never been surpassed.This edition contains an introduction which includes biographical material about the author, together with corrigenda and addenda.

Censorship: A World Encyclopedia

by Derek Jones

First published in 2002. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

Censorship: A World Encyclopedia

by Derek Jones

First published in 2002. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

Census: The Family Historian's Guide

by Peter Christian David Annal

Fully revised and updated, this book is a comprehensive, up-to-the-minute guide to help you make the most of UK census records in your family history research. This practical handbook shows you how to interpret the records to discover intricate details of your ancestors' lives, but also explores how and why information on names, addresses, family relationships and occupations was gathered. Intriguing case studies reveal why problems occur and what may be hidden between the lines, while photographs and screenshots illustrate the records themselves and the websites which provide access to them. This new edition of Census has been updated to cover: · the many innovations on the main census websites, which have all added new census data and made changes to their facilities in the six years since the first edition; · the complete records of the 1911 census for England, Wales and Scotland, now available on both official and other commercial sites; and · all the surviving Irish census records, which have now been digitised in their entirety. Hands-on and incisive, Census considers online access to the returns in detail, covering both free and commercial sites, along with discussion of search techniques and the problems of transcription errors. A tour of key census sites reveals the most useful facilities and best quality images, as well as offline sources in the form of microfilm, CDs and DVDs. Census is an invaluable guide to this unique historical resource.

Census: The Family Historian's Guide

by Peter Christian David Annal

Fully revised and updated, this book is a comprehensive, up-to-the-minute guide to help you make the most of UK census records in your family history research. This practical handbook shows you how to interpret the records to discover intricate details of your ancestors' lives, but also explores how and why information on names, addresses, family relationships and occupations was gathered. Intriguing case studies reveal why problems occur and what may be hidden between the lines, while photographs and screenshots illustrate the records themselves and the websites which provide access to them. This new edition of Census has been updated to cover: · the many innovations on the main census websites, which have all added new census data and made changes to their facilities in the six years since the first edition; · the complete records of the 1911 census for England, Wales and Scotland, now available on both official and other commercial sites; and · all the surviving Irish census records, which have now been digitised in their entirety. Hands-on and incisive, Census considers online access to the returns in detail, covering both free and commercial sites, along with discussion of search techniques and the problems of transcription errors. A tour of key census sites reveals the most useful facilities and best quality images, as well as offline sources in the form of microfilm, CDs and DVDs. Census is an invaluable guide to this unique historical resource.

Central and Eastern Europe Handbook (Regional Handbooks of Economic Development)

by Patrick Heenan Monique Lamontagne

First Published in 2000. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

Central and Eastern Europe Handbook (Regional Handbooks of Economic Development #Vol. 5)

by Patrick Heenan Monique Lamontagne

First Published in 2000. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

Central Asia's Economic Rebirth in the Shadow of the New Great Game (Europa Regional Perspectives)

by Djoomart Otorbaev

This volume describes the unique development of Central Asia as defined by its landlocked geography. Particular attention is paid to the achievements and challenges of the region’s post-Soviet economic and political transformation, as well as to its relationship with the participants in the New Great Game – Russia, China and the West. Located as it is in the geographical centre of booming Asia, and with the opportunity to become a key logistics bridge connecting the world’s largest economies, Central Asia is well placed for rapid development. However, the region faces a range of complex problems that are explained and analysed in the volume. The Eurasian powers that encircle Central Asia look certain to become the engines of global economic growth, but how will this affect the region? Will Central Asia join the powerful locomotive of history, or will it remain on the sidelines?

Central Asia's Economic Rebirth in the Shadow of the New Great Game (Europa Regional Perspectives)

by Djoomart Otorbaev

This volume describes the unique development of Central Asia as defined by its landlocked geography. Particular attention is paid to the achievements and challenges of the region’s post-Soviet economic and political transformation, as well as to its relationship with the participants in the New Great Game – Russia, China and the West. Located as it is in the geographical centre of booming Asia, and with the opportunity to become a key logistics bridge connecting the world’s largest economies, Central Asia is well placed for rapid development. However, the region faces a range of complex problems that are explained and analysed in the volume. The Eurasian powers that encircle Central Asia look certain to become the engines of global economic growth, but how will this affect the region? Will Central Asia join the powerful locomotive of history, or will it remain on the sidelines?

Central Banks and Coded Language: Risks and Benefits

by Elke Muchlinski

This book explores implications of the modern view of central banks rising from the proposition that words have no meaning beyond their use in a particular context and setting. It studies coded language to explain why a central bank's decisions and communicative interactions can't be devoted to a coded language which is an artificial language.

The Central Intelligence Agency [2 volumes]: An Encyclopedia of Covert Ops, Intelligence Gathering, and Spies [2 volumes]

by Editor Jan Goldman

The Central Intelligence Agency is essential in the fight to keep America safe from foreign attacks. This two-volume work traces through facts and documents the history of the CIA, from the people involved to the operations conducted for national security.This two-volume reference work offers both students and general-interest readers a definitive resource that examines the impact the CIA has had on world events throughout the Cold War and beyond. From its intervention in Guatemala in 1954, through the Bay of Pigs, the Vietnam War, the Iran-Contra Affair, and its key role in Afghanistan following the terrorist attacks of September 11th, 2001, this objective, apolitical work covers all of this controversial intelligence agency's most notable successes and failures.The content focuses on describing how a U.S. government organization that is unlike any other conducts covert warfare, surreptitiously collects information, and conducts espionage. The work allows for easy reference of former CIA operations and spies, looking at the positive and negative aspects of each operation and the "why" and "how" of its execution. The second volume provides documentation that supports and amplifies more than 200 cross-referenced entries. Readers will be able to understand the reasons behind the CIA's various actions, perceive how the agency's role has evolved across its 75-year history, and intelligently consider the viability and future of the CIA.

The Central Intelligence Agency [2 volumes]: An Encyclopedia of Covert Ops, Intelligence Gathering, and Spies [2 volumes]


The Central Intelligence Agency is essential in the fight to keep America safe from foreign attacks. This two-volume work traces through facts and documents the history of the CIA, from the people involved to the operations conducted for national security.This two-volume reference work offers both students and general-interest readers a definitive resource that examines the impact the CIA has had on world events throughout the Cold War and beyond. From its intervention in Guatemala in 1954, through the Bay of Pigs, the Vietnam War, the Iran-Contra Affair, and its key role in Afghanistan following the terrorist attacks of September 11th, 2001, this objective, apolitical work covers all of this controversial intelligence agency's most notable successes and failures.The content focuses on describing how a U.S. government organization that is unlike any other conducts covert warfare, surreptitiously collects information, and conducts espionage. The work allows for easy reference of former CIA operations and spies, looking at the positive and negative aspects of each operation and the "why" and "how" of its execution. The second volume provides documentation that supports and amplifies more than 200 cross-referenced entries. Readers will be able to understand the reasons behind the CIA's various actions, perceive how the agency's role has evolved across its 75-year history, and intelligently consider the viability and future of the CIA.

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