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Child Autonomy and Child Governance in Children's Literature: Where Children Rule (Children's Literature and Culture)

This book explores representations of child autonomy and self-governance in children’s literature.The idea of child rule and child realms is central to children’s literature, and childhood is frequently represented as a state of being, with children seen as aliens in need of passports to Adultland (and vice versa). In a sense all children’s literature depends on the idea that children are different, separate, and in command of their own imaginative spaces and places. Although the idea of child rule is a persistent theme in discussions of children’s literature (or about children and childhood) the metaphor itself has never been properly unpacked with critical reference to examples from those many texts that are contingent on the authority and/or power of children. Child governance and autonomy can be seen as natural or perverse; it can be displayed as a threat or as a promise. Accordingly, the "child rule"-motif can be seen in Robinsonades and horror films, in philosophical treatises and in series fiction. The representations of self-ruling children are manifold and ambivalent, and range from the idyllic to the nightmarish. Contributors to this volume visit a range of texts in which children are, in various ways, empowered, discussing whether childhood itself may be thought of as a nationality, and what that may imply. This collection shows how representations of child governance have been used for different ideological, aesthetic, and pedagogical reasons, and will appeal to scholars of children’s literature, childhood studies, and cultural studies.

Child Autonomy and Child Governance in Children's Literature: Where Children Rule (Children's Literature and Culture)

This book explores representations of child autonomy and self-governance in children’s literature.The idea of child rule and child realms is central to children’s literature, and childhood is frequently represented as a state of being, with children seen as aliens in need of passports to Adultland (and vice versa). In a sense all children’s literature depends on the idea that children are different, separate, and in command of their own imaginative spaces and places. Although the idea of child rule is a persistent theme in discussions of children’s literature (or about children and childhood) the metaphor itself has never been properly unpacked with critical reference to examples from those many texts that are contingent on the authority and/or power of children. Child governance and autonomy can be seen as natural or perverse; it can be displayed as a threat or as a promise. Accordingly, the "child rule"-motif can be seen in Robinsonades and horror films, in philosophical treatises and in series fiction. The representations of self-ruling children are manifold and ambivalent, and range from the idyllic to the nightmarish. Contributors to this volume visit a range of texts in which children are, in various ways, empowered, discussing whether childhood itself may be thought of as a nationality, and what that may imply. This collection shows how representations of child governance have been used for different ideological, aesthetic, and pedagogical reasons, and will appeal to scholars of children’s literature, childhood studies, and cultural studies.

Child Behavioral Health in Sub-Saharan Africa: Towards Evidence Generation and Policy Development

This book highlights the emerging research and policy development efforts to address child and adolescent behavioral health in Sub-Saharan Africa, where mental health policy is at an early stage and in need of context-specific attention to its successes and shortcomings. A diverse range of researchers, with expertise on relevant policy in both the region as a whole and country-specific contexts, including Ghana, Kenya, Nigeria, Rwanda, South Africa, and Uganda, outline theoretically informed, culturally appropriate, evidence-based, and youth- and family-focused service models. The first work of its kind with an exclusive focus on the understudied region of Sub-Saharan Africa, this text:Provides an overview of the current state of child and adolescent behavioral health in the regionEvaluates empirical work on risk and protective factors influencing behavioral outcomesHighlights emerging intervention research and dialogue on what works to improve child and adolescent behavioral healthOffers insight and strategies on how to advance child and adolescent behavioral health in policy, research, and practiceChild Behavioral Health in Sub-Saharan Africa: Towards Evidence Generation and Policy Development is a unique reference that offers guidance for current and future policy-makers, researchers, practitioners, and students as they seek to invest and engage in the healthy development of a future generation.

Child Care and Inequality: Re-Thinking Carework for Children and Youth

Child Care and Inequality provides an in-depth investigation of carework for children and youth of all ages. This outstanding collection of original essays encourages us to rethink carework and to explore policies that address the needs of both care recipients and careworkers.

Child Care and Inequality: Re-Thinking Carework for Children and Youth

Child Care and Inequality provides an in-depth investigation of carework for children and youth of all ages. This outstanding collection of original essays encourages us to rethink carework and to explore policies that address the needs of both care recipients and careworkers.

Child Care and Preschool Development in Europe: Institutional Perspectives

This book explains the differences between European countries in the supply and forms of public child care and preschool provisions by reference to the historical context in which these forms originated and to the institutional constraints underlying their development.

Child Care in the Tropics: (pdf) (Macmillan Tropical Community Health Manuals Ser.)

Child Care Policy at the Crossroads: Gender and Welfare State Restructuring

Whether childcare is seen as part of society's educational policy, welfare policy, or employment policy affects not only its form and content but also its public image. The contributors in this volume use current polices for the care of infants and preschool children to analyze debates and track the emergence of new state welfare practices across a variety of social and political configurations-and offer some conclusions about which methods work the best.

Child Care Policy at the Crossroads: Gender and Welfare State Restructuring

Whether childcare is seen as part of society's educational policy, welfare policy, or employment policy affects not only its form and content but also its public image. The contributors in this volume use current polices for the care of infants and preschool children to analyze debates and track the emergence of new state welfare practices across a variety of social and political configurations-and offer some conclusions about which methods work the best.

The Child Catchers: Rescue, Trafficking, and the New Gospel of Adoption

When Jessie Hawkins&’ adopted daughter told her she had another mom back in Ethiopia, Jessie didn&’t, at first, know what to think. She&’d wanted her adoption to be great story about a child who needed a home and got one, and a family led by God to adopt. Instead, she felt like she&’d done something wrong.Adoption has long been enmeshed in the politics of reproductive rights, pitched as a &“win-win&” compromise in the never-ending abortion debate. But as Kathryn Joyce makes clear in The Child Catchers, adoption has lately become even more entangled in the conservative Christian agenda.To tens of millions of evangelicals, adoption is a new front in the culture wars: a test of &“pro-life&” bona fides, a way for born again Christians to reinvent compassionate conservatism on the global stage, and a means to fulfill the &“Great Commission&” mandate to evangelize the nations. Influential leaders fervently promote a new &“orphan theology,&” urging followers to adopt en masse, with little thought for the families these &“orphans&” may already have.Conservative evangelicals control much of that industry through an infrastructure of adoption agencies, ministries, political lobbying groups, and publicly-supported &“crisis pregnancy centers,&” which convince women not just to &“choose life,&” but to choose adoption. Overseas, conservative Christians preside over a spiraling boom-bust adoption market in countries where people are poor and regulations weak, and where hefty adoption fees provide lots of incentive to increase the &“supply&” of adoptable children, recruiting &“orphans&” from intact but vulnerable families.The Child Catchers is a shocking exposé of what the adoption industry has become and how it got there, told through deep investigative reporting and the heartbreaking stories of individuals who became collateral damage in a market driven by profit and, now, pulpit command.Anyone who seeks to adopt—of whatever faith or no faith, and however well-meaning—is affected by the evangelical adoption movement, whether they know it or not. The movement has shaped the way we think about adoption, the language we use to discuss it, the places we seek to adopt from, and the policies and laws that govern the process. In The Child Catchers, Kathryn Joyce reveals with great sensitivity and empathy why, if we truly care for children, we need to see more clearly.

Child Development Mediated by Trauma: The Dark Side of International Adoption (Explorations in Developmental Psychology)

Drawing on clinical data obtained through the study of children adopted from overseas orphanages, the author of this cutting-edge text applies the Developmental Trauma Disorder (DTD) conceptual framework to the analysis of psychological, educational and mental health impact of the early childhood trauma on development. A massive scale of international adoption of children, victims of profound neglect and deprivation, combined with the fundamental change in a child's social situation of development after adoption, offers a valuable opportunity to explore the concept of Developmental Trauma Disorder, in particular, developmental delays, emotional vulnerability, "mixed maturity", cumulative cognitive deficit, and post-orphanage behavior patterns, being presented by many adoptees long after the adoption. By focusing on the neurological and psychological nature of childhood trauma, Dr. Gindis offers a unique approach to understanding the ongoing impacts of DTD and the ways in which any subsequent neuropsychological, educational, and mental health issues might be assessed. Offering an evidence-based exploration of DTD, and a critique of "conventional" approaches to rehabilitation and remediation of international adoptees, this book will be of great interest to researchers in the fields of psychology, mental health, education and child development; as well as clinicians involved in trauma treatment and international adoption.

Child Development Mediated by Trauma: The Dark Side of International Adoption (Explorations in Developmental Psychology)

Drawing on clinical data obtained through the study of children adopted from overseas orphanages, the author of this cutting-edge text applies the Developmental Trauma Disorder (DTD) conceptual framework to the analysis of psychological, educational and mental health impact of the early childhood trauma on development. A massive scale of international adoption of children, victims of profound neglect and deprivation, combined with the fundamental change in a child's social situation of development after adoption, offers a valuable opportunity to explore the concept of Developmental Trauma Disorder, in particular, developmental delays, emotional vulnerability, "mixed maturity", cumulative cognitive deficit, and post-orphanage behavior patterns, being presented by many adoptees long after the adoption. By focusing on the neurological and psychological nature of childhood trauma, Dr. Gindis offers a unique approach to understanding the ongoing impacts of DTD and the ways in which any subsequent neuropsychological, educational, and mental health issues might be assessed. Offering an evidence-based exploration of DTD, and a critique of "conventional" approaches to rehabilitation and remediation of international adoptees, this book will be of great interest to researchers in the fields of psychology, mental health, education and child development; as well as clinicians involved in trauma treatment and international adoption.

Child Exploitation in the Global South

This edited volume examines child exploitation in the Global South. It introduces several case studies and interviews articulated around two features: exploitation within the family and exploitation in relation to social contexts. The research shows that both of the features are linked and, generally, they are not separate. It makes several important arguments which challenge the most common view on how children are perceived and exploited in Africa, Latin America, and the Middle East. Additionally, it explores the social representation of exploited children as well as their general well-being.

Child Exploitation in the Global South

This edited volume examines child exploitation in the Global South. It introduces several case studies and interviews articulated around two features: exploitation within the family and exploitation in relation to social contexts. The research shows that both of the features are linked and, generally, they are not separate. It makes several important arguments which challenge the most common view on how children are perceived and exploited in Africa, Latin America, and the Middle East. Additionally, it explores the social representation of exploited children as well as their general well-being.

Child First: Developing a New Youth Justice System

This book explores the development and implementation of Child First as an innovative guiding principle for improving youth justice systems. Applying contemporary research understandings of what leads to positive child outcomes and safer communities, Child First challenges traditional risk-led and stigmatising approaches to working with children in trouble. It has now been adopted as the four-point guiding principle for all policy and practice across the youth justice system in England and Wales, it is becoming a key reform principle for youth justice in Northern Ireland, and it is increasingly influential across several western jurisdictions. With contributions from academics, policymakers and practitioners, this book critically charts the progress and challenges in establishing a progressive evidence-led youth justice system. Its dynamic and accessible integration of theory, research, policy and practice, alongside discussion of critical themes, makes it a key read for students on youth crime/justice modules and for a wider market.Stephen Case is Professor of Youth Justice in the Criminology, Sociology and Social Policy division at Loughborough University, UK. Neal Hazel is Professor of Criminology and Criminal Justice in the School of Health and Society at the University of Salford, UK.

A Child for Keeps: The History of Adoption in England, 1918-45

The history of adoption from 1918-1945, detailing the rise of adoption, the growth of adoption societies and considering the increasing emphasis on secrecy in adoption. Analyses adoption law from legalization in 1926, to regulation and reform in the 1930s, with regulations finally being enforced in 1943 amid concern about casual wartime adoptions.

The Child in the World/The World in the Child: Education and the Configuration of a Universal, Modern, and Globalized Childhood (Critical Cultural Studies of Childhood)

The contributors look at universalizing discourses concerning young children across the globe, which purport to describe everyone in a scientific and neutral way, but actually create mechanisms through which children are divided and excluded. The contributors to this book employ post-structuralist, postcolonial, and feminist theoretical frameworks.

Child Justice Administration in Africa

This interdisciplinary book analyzes the nature of child justice administration in Africa, particularly focusing on Nigeria and South Africa. The author uses a comparative approach in analyzing the legal regime and practice of child justice administration in Africa by recommending South Africa as inspiration for Nigeria since the justice sector in South Africa is significantly more developed. It further investigates various problems and challenges associated with children in the criminal justice system in Africa, thereby contributing to the cross-fertilization and collaboration among African nations that contributes to the development of the continent as a whole. The monograph shows that children are not only neglected by academics and practitioners but also that there is no access to scholarly materials in this area of law in Africa. This work contributes to knowledge in the area of law and methodology on the issue of child justice administration, development studies, political science, and African studies.

Child Labour in South Asia (Contemporary Employment Relations)

Child labour is a serious and contentious issue throughout the developing world and it continues to be a problem whose form and very meaning shifts with social, geographical, economic and cultural context. While the debate about child labour practice in developing countries appears to be motivated by growing competition in labour intensive products brought about by globalization, studies on this issue are both sparse and lopsided. This important book aims to shed light on this debate by documenting the experience of South Asian developing countries which have experienced rapid income and export growth. Based on evidence from Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka, this volume aims to improve our understanding about the link between trade, growth and child labour practices, as well as management of child labour in developing countries.

Child Labour in South Asia (Contemporary Employment Relations)

Child labour is a serious and contentious issue throughout the developing world and it continues to be a problem whose form and very meaning shifts with social, geographical, economic and cultural context. While the debate about child labour practice in developing countries appears to be motivated by growing competition in labour intensive products brought about by globalization, studies on this issue are both sparse and lopsided. This important book aims to shed light on this debate by documenting the experience of South Asian developing countries which have experienced rapid income and export growth. Based on evidence from Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka, this volume aims to improve our understanding about the link between trade, growth and child labour practices, as well as management of child labour in developing countries.

Child Marriage, Rights and Choice: Rethinking Agency in International Human Rights

This book addresses the issue of agency in relation to child marriage. In international campaigns against child marriage, there is a puzzle of agency: while international human rights institutions celebrate girls’ exercise of their agency not to marry, they do not recognize their agency to marry. Child marriage, usually defined as ‘any formal marriage or informal union where one or both of the parties are under 18 years of age’, is normally considered as forced – which is to say that it is assumed assuming that are not capable of consenting to marriage. This book, however, re-examines this assumption, through a detailed socio-legal examination of child marriage in Indonesia. Eliciting the multiple competing frameworks according to which child marriage takes place, the book considers the complex reasons why children marry. Structural explanations such as lack of opportunities and oppressive social structures are important, but not exhaustive explanations. Exploring the subjective reasons by listening to children’s perspectives, their stories show that many of them decide to marry for love, desire, to belong to the community, and for new opportunities and hopes. The book, then, demonstrates how the child marriage framework – and, indeed, the human rights framework in general – is constructed on too narrow a vision of human agency: one that cannot but fail to respect and promote the agency of all, regardless of gender, race, religion, and age. This book will be of interest to scholars, students, and practitioners in the areas of children’s rights, legal anthropology, and socio-legal studies.

Child Marriage, Rights and Choice: Rethinking Agency in International Human Rights

This book addresses the issue of agency in relation to child marriage. In international campaigns against child marriage, there is a puzzle of agency: while international human rights institutions celebrate girls’ exercise of their agency not to marry, they do not recognize their agency to marry. Child marriage, usually defined as ‘any formal marriage or informal union where one or both of the parties are under 18 years of age’, is normally considered as forced – which is to say that it is assumed assuming that are not capable of consenting to marriage. This book, however, re-examines this assumption, through a detailed socio-legal examination of child marriage in Indonesia. Eliciting the multiple competing frameworks according to which child marriage takes place, the book considers the complex reasons why children marry. Structural explanations such as lack of opportunities and oppressive social structures are important, but not exhaustive explanations. Exploring the subjective reasons by listening to children’s perspectives, their stories show that many of them decide to marry for love, desire, to belong to the community, and for new opportunities and hopes. The book, then, demonstrates how the child marriage framework – and, indeed, the human rights framework in general – is constructed on too narrow a vision of human agency: one that cannot but fail to respect and promote the agency of all, regardless of gender, race, religion, and age. This book will be of interest to scholars, students, and practitioners in the areas of children’s rights, legal anthropology, and socio-legal studies.

Child Mental Health: Exploring Systems of Care in the New Millennium

Use these system-of-care concepts to better serve children with serious emotional problems and their families!Providing services to children with emotional problems and their families continues to be a major challenge for social workers, family therapists, child mental health advocates, and psychologists in the new century. This valuable book addresses that challenge, detailing theory, principles, and application issues from the vantage points of both consumers and service providers. System-of-care values and practices were developed to address these concerns and meet the needs of these children and families, who tend to receive either no services at all or services that are far too restrictive, at a large cost to the organization providing the services.Child Mental Health: Exploring Systems of Care in the New Millennium identifies salient issues and offers suggestions for addressing the complexities of providing services for these troubled families. It also provides hope and encouragement for family members and professionals by identifying roles and practices that are effective in building collaborative community-based services.This book takes an incisive look at: the benefits and difficulties of partnering between practitioners and families the need for and benefits of partnering between practitioners of various disciplines within the system of care a working model of a wraparound process (the hallmark of the system of care) barriers that prevent effective wraparound services and what causes them the need to help social workers learn parent partnering skills the roles that families can play in the system of care the need for specialized training so that practitioners can learn to assess, understand, and integrate a family's spiritual beliefs into the system of care the development of an interdisciplinary, collaborative practice course at East Carolina University experiential training and shared-classroom experiences for studentsChild Mental Health: Exploring Systems of Care in the New Millennium is a tool that will aid practitioners and consumers alike as they shift their point of view from the provider-as-expert paradigm to one of building partnerships.

Child Mental Health: Exploring Systems of Care in the New Millennium

Use these system-of-care concepts to better serve children with serious emotional problems and their families!Providing services to children with emotional problems and their families continues to be a major challenge for social workers, family therapists, child mental health advocates, and psychologists in the new century. This valuable book addresses that challenge, detailing theory, principles, and application issues from the vantage points of both consumers and service providers. System-of-care values and practices were developed to address these concerns and meet the needs of these children and families, who tend to receive either no services at all or services that are far too restrictive, at a large cost to the organization providing the services.Child Mental Health: Exploring Systems of Care in the New Millennium identifies salient issues and offers suggestions for addressing the complexities of providing services for these troubled families. It also provides hope and encouragement for family members and professionals by identifying roles and practices that are effective in building collaborative community-based services.This book takes an incisive look at: the benefits and difficulties of partnering between practitioners and families the need for and benefits of partnering between practitioners of various disciplines within the system of care a working model of a wraparound process (the hallmark of the system of care) barriers that prevent effective wraparound services and what causes them the need to help social workers learn parent partnering skills the roles that families can play in the system of care the need for specialized training so that practitioners can learn to assess, understand, and integrate a family's spiritual beliefs into the system of care the development of an interdisciplinary, collaborative practice course at East Carolina University experiential training and shared-classroom experiences for studentsChild Mental Health: Exploring Systems of Care in the New Millennium is a tool that will aid practitioners and consumers alike as they shift their point of view from the provider-as-expert paradigm to one of building partnerships.

Child Migration and Human Rights in a Global Age

Why, despite massive public concern, is child trafficking on the rise? Why are unaccompanied migrant children living on the streets and routinely threatened with deportation to their countries of origin? Why do so many young refugees of war-ravaged and failed states end up warehoused in camps, victimized by the sex trade, or enlisted as child soldiers? This book provides the first comprehensive account of the widespread but neglected global phenomenon of child migration, exploring the complex challenges facing children and adolescents who move to join their families, those who are moved to be exploited, and those who move simply to survive.Spanning several continents and drawing on the stories of young migrants, Child Migration and Human Rights in a Global Age provides a comprehensive account of the widespread and growing but neglected global phenomenon of child migration and child trafficking. It looks at the often-insurmountable obstacles we place in the paths of adolescents fleeing war, exploitation, or destitution; the contradictory elements in our approach to international adoption; and the limited support we give to young people brutalized as child soldiers. Part history, part in-depth legal and political analysis, this powerful book challenges the prevailing wisdom that widespread protection failures are caused by our lack of awareness of the problems these children face, arguing instead that our societies have a deep-seated ambivalence to migrant children—one we need to address head-on.Child Migration and Human Rights in a Global Age offers a road map for doing just that, and makes a compelling and courageous case for an international ethics of children's human rights.