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Advances in the Assessment of Dietary Intake.

Diet is a major factor in health and disease. Controlled, long-term studies in humans are impractical, and investigators have utilized long-term epidemiological investigations to study the contributions of diet to the human condition. Such studies, while valuable, have often been limited by contradictory findings; a limitation secondary to systematic errors in traditional self-reported dietary assessment tools that limit the percentage of variances in diseases explained by diet. New approaches are available to help overcome these limitations, and Advances in the Assessment of Dietary Intake is focused on these advances in an effort to provide more accurate dietary data to understand human health. Chapters cover the benefits and limitations of traditional self-report tools; strategies for improving the validity of dietary recall and food recording methods; objective methods to assess food and nutrient intake; assessment of timing and meal patterns using glucose sensors; and physical activity patterns using validated accelerometers. Advances in the Assessment of Dietary Intake describes new avenues to investigate the role of diet in human health and serves as the most up-to-date reference and teaching tool for these methods that will improve the accuracy of dietary assessment and lay the ground work for future studies.

Advances in the Canine Cranial Cruciate Ligament (AVS Advances in Veterinary Surgery)

Advances in the Canine Cranial Cruciate Ligament, Second Edition presents in-depth, focused, and updated coverage of current knowledge on cruciate ligament rupture, using a multidisciplinary, evidence-based approach. Presents a state-of-the-art summary of the most recent knowledge on this important cause of lameness in dogs Led by a highly respected surgeon and researcher, with chapters written by leading experts in the field Provides an update to the groundbreaking first edition, with six new chapters

Advances in the Canine Cranial Cruciate Ligament (AVS Advances in Veterinary Surgery)

Advances in the Canine Cranial Cruciate Ligament, Second Edition presents in-depth, focused, and updated coverage of current knowledge on cruciate ligament rupture, using a multidisciplinary, evidence-based approach. Presents a state-of-the-art summary of the most recent knowledge on this important cause of lameness in dogs Led by a highly respected surgeon and researcher, with chapters written by leading experts in the field Provides an update to the groundbreaking first edition, with six new chapters

Advances in the Characterisation and Remediation of Sites Contaminated with Petroleum Hydrocarbons (Environmental Contamination Remediation and Management)

This open access book synthesizes important advances in the assessment and management of soil and groundwater systems contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons, especially in the form of light non-aqueous phase liquids (LNAPLs). LNAPL characterization and remediation is challenging due to the multi-phase, multi-component nature of the problem and the various physical, chemical, and biological processes involved in a dynamic and heterogeneous hydrogeological setting. This book focuses on the current state of practice of LNAPL characterization and remediation and seeks to provide information and a framework that would allow some of these complexities to be better addressed by contaminated land practitioners, researchers, and regulators.

Advances in the Conceptualization of the Stress Process: Essays in Honor of Leonard I. Pearlin

In 1981, Leonard Pearlin and his colleagues published an article that would ra- cally shift the sociological study of mental health from an emphasis on psychiatric disorder to a focus on social structure and its consequences for stress and psyc- logical distress. Pearlin et al. (1981) proposed a deceptively simple conceptual model that has now influenced sociological inquiry for almost three decades. With his characteristic penchant for reconsidering and elaborating his own ideas, Pearlin has revisited the stress process model periodically over the years (Pearlin 1989, 1999; Pearlin et al. 2005; Pearlin and Skaff 1996). One of the consequences of this continued theoretical elaboration of the stress process has been the development of a sociological model of stress that embraces the complexity of social life. Another consequence is that the stress process has continued to stimulate a host of empirical investigations in the sociology of mental health. Indeed, it is no exaggeration to suggest that the stress process paradigm has been primarily responsible for the growth and sustenance of sociological research on stress and mental health. Pearlin et al. (1981) described the core elements of the stress process in a brief paragraph: The process of social stress can be seen as combining three major conceptual domains: the sources of stress, the mediators of stress, and the manifestations of stress. Each of these extended domains subsumes a variety of subparts that have been intensively studied in recent years.

Advances in the Control of Theileriosis: Proceedings of an International Conference held at the International Laboratory for Research on Animal Diseases in Nairobi, 9–13th February, 1981 (Current Topics in Veterinary Medicine #14)

Approximately five years have elapsed since the Conference on "Tick-borne Diseases and their Vectors" (Wilde, 1978, University of Edinburgh) was held at the Centre for Tropical Veterinary Medicine in Edinburgh. Theileriosis was one of the main topics at that Conference and some 20 scientific presentations were given. Also in the same year a Workshop on "Theileriosis" was held at the Kenyatta Conference Centre in Nairobi (Henson & Campbell, 1977, IDRC, Ottawa). Both of these meetings provided a valuable up­ dating of theilerial diseases, and the Proceedings have been a constant source of reference for scientists in the ensuing years. The meetings played a significant role in setting the scene for a number of important advances which have been made since then. In February of this year, attention was focused on these advances when nearly 200 scientists from over 30 countries were assembled at the International Laboratory for Research on Animal Diseases in Nairobi for the international conference on "Advances in the Control of Theileriosis". The interest and concern shown in this subject has now grown to the extent that more than 70 scientific presentations were given over the course of a very busy week. An important facet of the Conference was the attention given to the control of Theileriosis, since this must be the ultimate aim of all those involved with the disease. Control will be difficult.

Advances in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Sleep Apnea: Filling the Gap Between Physicians and Engineers (Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology #1384)

The book focuses on biomedical innovations related to the diagnosis and treatment of sleep apnea. The latest diagnostic tools are described, including sleep laboratory equipment, wearables, and even smartphone apps. Innovative medical devices for treatment are also covered, such as CPAP, Auto-PAP, hypoglossal nerve stimulation, phrenic nerve stimulation, acoustic brain stimulation and electrical brain stimulation. This is an ideal book for biomedical engineers, pneumologists, neurologists, cardiologists, physiologists, ENT physicians, pediatrics, and epidemiologists who are interested in learning about the latest technologies in treating and diagnosing sleep apnea.

Advances in the Immunopathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis

P.A. MURARO, A. LUGARESI, D. GAMBI Many of the pathological aspects of multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions have been known for over a century. It is only recently, however, that different patterns of demyelination have been linked to distinct pathways of immune-mediated tissue destruction. In particular, the inter-individual heterogeneity of MS lesions has suggested that different mechanisms may act in different patients, accounting for the variability observed in clinical course, immunological findings in peripheral blood and cere­ brospinal fluid (CSF), and response to immunomodulatory treatments. To provide an overview of the basic mechanisms possibly involved in MS lesion initiation and development, an international meeting was organized in the context of the annual Congress of the Italian Neuroimmunology Association (AINI), held at the University of Chieti, in Chieti Italy on 29 October 1998. The high standard of presentations prompted us to report them in extended form, to highlight recent pro­ gress in the understanding of basic mechanisms sustaining MS immuno­ pathogenesis. A central role in the possible mechanisms leading to myelin destruc­ tion has been attributed to T lymphocytes reactive to myelin antigens. Studies on the myelin antigen-specific T cell repertoire have contributed significant advances to our knowledge of autoimmunity (Chapters 1,2).

Advances in the Treatment of Acute (Recent Results in Cancer Research #30 )

Advances in Theoretical and Applied Statistics (Studies in Theoretical and Applied Statistics)

This volume includes contributions selected after a double blind review process and presented as a preliminary version at the 45th Meeting of the Italian Statistical Society. The papers provide significant and innovative original contributions and cover a broad range of topics including: statistical theory; methods for time series and spatial data; statistical modeling and data analysis; survey methodology and official statistics; analysis of social, demographic and health data; and economic statistics and econometrics.

Advances in Therapeutic Engineering

Therapeutic Engineering (TE) is a cutting-edge domain in today's era of medical technology research. Through engineering algorithms that provide technological solutions, it aims to elevate the quality of life of disabled individuals. Advances in Therapeutic Engineering describes various therapeutic processes and mechanisms currently applied to the

Advances in TNF Family Research: Proceedings of the 12th International TNF Conference, 2009 (Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology #691)

The biennial TNF-family conferences have been held over the past 20 years, from the time that TNF was cloned. These meetings have followed the enormous progress in this field. Much is now known about the members of the TNF ligand and receptor families, their signaling proteins, mechanisms of action and cellular functions. This volume is the proceedings of the 12th TNF International Conference, held in April 2009. This conference focuses on the physiological, pathophysiological, and medical significance of these important regulators. Sessions at the meeting specifically address their involvement in immunity, development, apoptosis, autoimmunity, cancer, and infection, the normal function and pathology of the neuronal system, as well as major unresolved questions about their mechanisms of action.

Advances in Topical Antifungal Therapy

R.J. Hay Institute of Dermatology, United Medical and Dental Schools of Guy's and St. Thomas's Hospitals, 5 Lisle Street, London WC2H 7BJ, Great Britain It is a problem familiar to all dermatologists, as with other physi­ cians, that a large number of common diseases can be alleviated or improved but not cured. Infections, particularly those caused by bacteria or fungi, may appear at first to be different, as in many cases it is possible to destroy the causative organism with antibio­ tics to produce a remission or cure. However, the reality is less simple and many problems continue to beset therapy. Firstly, in approaching the treatment of fungal infections it is important to assess the role of the fungi isolated in the pathogenesis of the disease in order to choose the most appropri­ ate therapy. While the invasion of the stratum corneum or struct­ ures derived from the epidermis, such as hair or nail, is the main consequence of infection in superficial mycoses, fungi may also cause disease indirectly or in combination with other micro-organ­ isms. In some instances several organisms are apparently involved in the pathogenesis of skin disease such as chronic paronychia [1].

Advances in Toxicology and Risk Assessment of Nanomaterials and Emerging Contaminants

This book details the state-of-the-art methodological advances for delineating the toxicology and working mechanisms of nanomaterials, microplastics, fine aerosol particulates (PM2.5) as well as emerging organic pollutants. It also provides latest computational approaches for toxicity prediction and risk assessment of nanoscale materials which possess realistic chances to enter the environment and human organism. Written by leading scientists at the frontiers of environmental science and nanomedicine, this book is intended for both young researchers and experienced professionals working in the fields of environmental protection, human health and occupational safety, nanotechnology, material science and nanomedicine, as well as graduate students majoring in environmental and health sciences.

Advances in Translational Neuroscience of Eye Movement Disorders (Contemporary Clinical Neuroscience)

A comprehensive book that reviews advances in ocular motor research on topics of general interest, rare, specialized or unique conditions, and pertinent basic neuroscience. A rare collection with contributions from basic neuroscientists, neurologists, and ophthalmologists. Includes dedicated chapters on mathematical models, pharmacotherapy, neuromodulation, motion perception, visual influence on eye movement, physiology of strabismus, and microsaccades. This book is dedicated to David Robinson - one of the pioneers of contemporary ocular motor and vestibular neuroscience.

Advances in Transplant Dermatology: Clinical and Practical Implications

This book provides an informative update on scientific advances relating to transplant dermatology that may be applicable to clinical practice. Commentary is provided on the emerging role of viruses in transplant dermatology, the management of skin disease secondary to transplant medication, sunscreen use in transplant recipients, the role of revision of immunosuppression, and advances in photodynamic therapy. The latest staging and management criteria for high-risk squamous cell carcinoma and the implications for clinical practice are then analyzed. Finally, the management of other cutaneous malignancies is discussed, covering malignant melanoma, Merkel cell carcinoma, and rarer tumors that also behave aggressively and require special consideration in solid organ transplant patients. Each particular advance is addressed in an individual chapter by leaders in the field. The book both expands current knowledge and complements previous textbooks on the subject.

Advances in Treatment and Management in Surgical Endocrinology E-Book

Up-to-date and evidence-based, Updates on Treatment and Management of Endocrinopathies [correct title?] provides an overview of recent developments regarding the most prevalent endocrine disorders. A concise, easy-to-read reference for endocrinologists and endocrine surgeons, this timely reference includes an overview of each disorder as well as diagnosis, management, treatment, prognosis, and a summary by a renowned expert who has contributed to the most current literature.Addresses endocrine diseases of the thyroid, parathyroid, and adrenal glands as well as familial endocrine syndromes: multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 and 2 (MEN). Includes both surgical and nonsurgical treatments. Consolidates today's available information on this timely topic into one convenient resource.

Advances in Treatments for Aortic Valve and Root Diseases

This book describes the different aspects of aortic valve and root diseases including comprehensive discussion of the state-of-the-art diagnostic imaging options, disease risk stratification, selection of candidates for valve repair or percutaneous intervention, and most recent therapeutic options. The growing prevalence of valvular heart disease represents a major challenge in terms of short- and long-term management and surveillance. Aortic valve diseases, including aortic stenosis and regurgitation, are among the most frequent of these, while the number of cases of aortic root disease is also on the rise. Aortic valve disease treatment options include valve surgery, valve repair, minimally invasive valve surgery, and percutaneous approaches and all are covered in this volume.Advances in Treatments for Aortic Valve and Root Diseases is a highly illustrated, case oriented reference aimed at cardiology fellows in training, while also helpful to surgeons, cardiologists, imagers, interventionalists, as well as other clinicians and students involved in the diagnosis and treatment of aortic valve and root diseases.

Advances in Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy (Current Cancer Research)

Recent advances in understanding of fundamental immunology have created new insights into the dynamic interactions between tumors and the immune system. This includes new understanding of T- and B-cell interaction, immune inhibitory mechanisms including the biology of T regulatory cells, myeloid suppressor cells, and dendritic cell subsets. Enhanced understanding of mechanisms underlying T-cell anergy such as arginine deprivation, immunosuppressive cytokines, defective innate and interferon response pathways, and NKG2D downregulation have all provided new insight into suppression of anti-tumor immunity and tumor evasion. In addition to emerging understanding of tumor evasion, new immune targets such as CTLA4 blockade, NK stimulatory receptors, manipulation of the antigen processing and presentation, cytokine and costimulatory responses all provide new possibilities for enhancing anti-tumor immunity even in tumors previously felt to be resistant to immune attack. Several of these strategies have already been realized in the clinic. The volume will explore evolving paradigms in antigen presentation, dendritic cell biology, the innate response and immunosuppressive mechanisms, and emerging strategies for manipulation of the immune system for therapeutic benefit that have realized success in neuroblastoma, leukemia, melanoma, lung cancer, and allogeneic transplantation. Early successes as well as failures will be highlighted to provide a snapshot of the state of clinical immunotherapy with an eye to future possibilities such as combination therapies, adoptive T-cell transfer, and the retargeting of immune cells via T-cell receptor engineering.

Advances in Understanding Aortic Diseases

Following the first international symposium ever held in Asia on Advances in Understanding Aortic Diseases (AUAD), this volume of proceedings contains the papers presented in both the oral and poster sessions. The 8th AUAD symposium greatly contributed to the understanding of aortic diseases, especially in Asia. Aortic diseases, specifically thoracic aortic diseases, are more common in Japan than in Western countries, which adds further importance to this compilation that covers recent improvements and advances in thoracic aortic surgery and its outcomes. Divided into lectures, panel discussions, symposiums, and poster sessions, the book includes, among other topics, advances in imaging and diagnosis with 3D-CT, MRS, and US; state-of-the-art repair of the thoracic aorta; novel aspects of aortic root replacement; reconstruction; and prosthetic graft surgery. This valuable collection of work provides the reader with an increased knowledge and understanding of aortic diseases not only in Japan but worldwide.

Advances in Understanding Kingella kingae (SpringerBriefs in Immunology)

This book describes the growing body of information on the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, transmission, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of Kingella kingae infections in young children. In addition, it covers experimental methods that have been developed to study the microbiology, genetics, and virulence factors of K. kingae, information that provides the foundation for new approaches to treatment and prevention of K. kingae disease. With this content in mind, excerpts from the book will be of relevance for clinicians who care for pediatric patients, for clinical microbiologists who are involved in detecting organisms in clinical specimens, and for scientists who are studying K. kingae in an effort to develop novel targets for antimicrobial therapy and new approaches to prevention.First isolated in the 1960s by Elizabeth O. King, a bacteriologist at the CDC, Kingella kingae was largely ignored over the next two decades as a human pathogen because of its uncommon recovery from patients with disease. However, in recent years K. kingae has been increasingly recognized as a clinically important pathogen in young children, and is currently recognized as the leading cause of osteoarticular infections in young children in a growing number of countries. Research into this organism has grown tremendously over the past 15 years, resulting in a better appreciation of the importance of K. kingae in pediatric patients and of the molecular mechanisms of disease.

Advances in Understanding Mechanisms and Treatment of Infantile Forms of Nystagmus

This volume brings together work from leading researchers in the fields of developmental disorders of binocular vision, strabismus, and both infantile and acquired forms of nystagmus. It contains four sections. The first section, Basic Concepts of Stable Vision and Gaze, deals with psychophysical aspects of infantile forms of nystagmus and the relative contributions of extraocular proprioception and efference (corollary discharge). It also contains an accessible review of current notions of spatial and temporal visual functions and spatial constancy in infantile nystagmus syndrome and latent nystagmus. The second section, New Models and Techniques for Studying Gaze Stability, reviews animal and development models for strabismus, amblyopia, and nystagmus. It also contains novel optical methods for managing the visual consequences of nystagmus and a study of the potential ill effects of video displays on children's response to near viewing. The third section, New Therapies for Congenital Nystagmus, presents basic genetic studies and clinical trials of drug and surgical treatment of those patients with infantile forms of nystagmus. The final section,General Aspects of Normal and Abnormal Gaze Control, pulls together a range of contributions dealing with normal gaze control, infantile nystagmus, and acquired disorders of eye movements, including new treatment measures. This book will be a valuable resource for all scientists and practitioners interested in developmental disorders of vision.

Advances in Understanding the Biology of Halophilic Microorganisms

This book is designed to be a long term career reference. The chapters present modern procedures. This is a how-to-book with a difference. These chapters: - reveal the background information about working with salt loving organisms, - are loaded with information about how experiments are conducted under high salt, - provide information about analyses that work under these conditions and those that may not, - present a wide range of details from laboratory designs to equipment used and even to simple anecdotal hints that can only come from experience. Microbiological training focuses largely on the growth, the handling and the study of the microbes associated with humans and animals. Yet the largest proportion of the Earth’s microbiota lives in saline environments such as the Oceans, saline deserts and terminal hypersaline environments. This need for salt can be intimidating for those interested in entering the field or for those interested in understanding how such research is accomplished.

Advances in Usability, User Experience, Wearable and Assistive Technology: Proceedings of the AHFE 2020 Virtual Conferences on Usability and User Experience, Human Factors and Assistive Technology, Human Factors and Wearable Technologies, and Virtual Environments and Game Design, July 16-20, 2020, USA (Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing #1217)

This book addresses emerging issues in usability, interface design, human–computer interaction, user experience and assistive technology. It highlights research aimed at understanding human interactions with products, services and systems and focuses on finding effective approaches for improving the user experience. It also discusses key issues in designing and providing assistive devices and services for individuals with disabilities or impairment, offering them support with mobility, communication, positioning, environmental control and daily living. The book covers modeling as well as innovative design concepts, with a special emphasis on user-centered design, and design for specific populations, particularly the elderly. Further topics include virtual reality, digital environments, gaming, heuristic evaluation and forms of device interface feedback (e.g. visual and haptic). Based on the AHFE 2020 Virtual Conference on Usability and User Experience, the AHFE 2020 Virtual Conference on Human Factors and Assistive Technology, the AHFE Virtual Conference on Human Factors and Wearable Technologies, and the AHFE 2020 Virtual Conference on Virtual Environments and Game Design, held on July 16–20, 2020, it provides academics and professionals with an extensive source of information and a timely guide to tools, applications and future challenges in these fields.

Advances in Usability, User Experience, Wearable and Assistive Technology: Proceedings of the AHFE 2021 Virtual Conferences on Usability and User Experience, Human Factors and Wearable Technologies, Human Factors in Virtual Environments and Game Design, and Human Factors and Assistive Technology, July 25-29, 2021, USA (Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems #275)

This book addresses emerging issues in usability, interface design, human–computer interaction, user experience and assistive technology. It highlights research aimed at understanding human interactions with products, services and systems and focuses on finding effective approaches for improving the user experience. It also discusses key issues in designing and providing assistive devices and services for individuals with disabilities or impairment, offering them support with mobility, communication, positioning, environmental control and daily living. The book covers modeling as well as innovative design concepts, with a special emphasis on user-centered design, and design for specific populations, particularly the elderly. Further topics include virtual reality, digital environments, gaming, heuristic evaluation and forms of device interface feedback (e.g. visual and haptic). Based on the AHFE 2021 Conferences on Usability and User Experience, Human Factors and Wearable Technologies, Human Factors in Virtual Environments and Game Design, and Human Factors and Assistive Technology, held virtually on 25–29 July, 2021, from USA, this book provides academics and professionals with an extensive source of information and a timely guide to tools, applications and future challenges in these fields.