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Bone Metastases from Prostate Cancer: Biology, Diagnosis and Management

This book presents up-to-date information on one of the hottest topics in prostate cancer, namely bone metastases. The most recent developments with respect to biology, pathology, diagnosis, and treatment are described, providing readers with an excellent understanding of the mechanisms of metastasis formation, the characteristics of metastases, their aggressiveness, and prognostic factors for treatment response. The coverage includes discussion of all of the best available options (laboratory, radiology, and nuclear medicine) for achieving early diagnosis and both established and novel therapeutic approaches. Detailed information is provided on hormonal manipulations, bone-targeted agents, vaccines, taxanes, and other treatments that are enriching the therapeutic armamentarium. The editors can be considered leaders in the field, with great experience in diagnostic and clinical oncology and research, and the authors are experts in diverse specialties. This ensures a multidisciplinary approach, mirroring the current situation in which treatment in patients with bone metastases is undertaken by a team of specialists and health professionals in a variety of fields.

Bone Metastasis (Cancer Drug Discovery and Development)

A state-of-the-art review of the molecular underpinnings of bone-seeking cancers, current treatment approaches for them, and future therapeutic strategies. The authors illuminate the role of various autocrine, paracrine, and immunological factors involved in the progression and establishment of bone metastases, highlighting the physiological processes that lead to bone degradation, pain, angiogenesis, and dysregulation of bone turnover. They also discuss the various strategies that appear to have promise and are currently deployed in treatment or are at the experimental stage.

Bone Metastasis and Molecular Mechanisms: Pathophysiology (Cancer Metastasis - Biology and Treatment #6)

Patients with advanced breast or prostate cancers usually develop bone metastases. The principal complications resulting from metastatic bone disease are pain, spinal cord compression, pathologic fractures and bone marrow suppression. Improving the management of bone metastases is crucial to quality of life for patients with breast and prostate cancer. Advances in understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of bone metastasis are driving the development of new therapeutic strategies.

Bone Mineral Metabolism in Cancer (Recent Results in Cancer Research #27)

The introduction of new methods for studying the plasma state, renal handling, and kinetics of calcium and inorganic phosphate has rendered possible a more efficient and appropriate approach to the problems of bone-tissue metabolism and more ade­ quate investigation of the pathogenesis of its miscellaneous abnormalities. Used to study the metabolism of bone mineral in osteoporosis, hypo- and hyperparathy­ roidism, and other metabolic bone diseases, the new methods have given much valuable information. In malignancy they also promise to supplement the scantiness of the existing information better than the routine examination procedures, yet they have been used far more rarely in this field. The material presented in this work represents an attempt to marshal the facts and to answer, by the aid of recent techniques, some still open problems of bone­ mineral metabolism in patients with cancer. Since the new techniques involve an entirely new approach, the first two chapters are devoted to it and details of these techniques are presented in the third chapter. I realize the shortcomings of this work, but the never-ending and continuously increasing search for new discoveries makes some data obsolete at the moment of their presentation. Nevertheless, I hope that this work will give some information which will be useful in interpreting disturbances of bone-tissue metabolism in patients, both without any evidence of bone secondaries, and with widespread osseous metas­ tases.

Bone Morphogenetic Proteins: Systems Biology Regulators (Progress in Inflammation Research)

This book focuses on the salient features of the biology of Bone Morphogenetic Proteins and the advances in our understanding of their structure and function and of downstream signaling, as well as their governance in systems biology from bone and dentin to kidney, cancer, diabetes, iron homeostasis and angiogenesis, including rare musculoskeletal disorders. BMPs, also referred to as growth and differentiation factors, are members of the TGF-beta superfamily and are highly conserved from fruit flies to mammals and are responsible for the formation of practically every organ during embryo development and involved in adult tissue injury and repair. BMPs establish their extracellular gradient by interacting with their respective antagonists and regulate their function through SMAD-dependent down-stream signaling effector genes.This volume is aimed at scientists and professionals dealing with metabolic disorders, nutrition, systems biology diseases, rare musculoskeletal conditions, and disorders related to iron metabolism, including anemia of chronic disease, hereditary hemochromatosis and beta thalassemia.

Bone Morphogenetic Proteins: From Laboratory to Clinical Practice (Progress in Inflammation Research)

From the basic science to potential and approved clinical applications the most recent data in the rapidly growing field of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are summarized in this topical volume. Distinguished scientists present reviews on a range of scientific topics, including biochemistry, biology, molecular biology and preclinical animal studies on spinal fusion, cartilage repair, craniofacial and dental reconstruction using BMPs, as well as approved clinical applications in human bone non-unions. This book provides a resource not only for experts in the field, but also for undergraduate students, newcomers and clinicians worldwide, given that the use of BMPs in orthopedic reconstruction has been already approved in Europe, Australia, Canada and the USA.

Bone Morphogenetic Proteins: From Local to Systemic Therapeutics (Progress in Inflammation Research)

Completing the PIR series, this volume summarizes the major advances made in the local and systemic use of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs). Chapters are dedicated to the regulation of BMP-signaling pathways; biological actions of BMPs in bone, cartilage, and teeth; clinical applications; and the potential systemic use of BMPs for tissues beyond bone. The authors are all recognized experts in the field of tissue engineering and regeneration.

Bone Morphogenetic Proteins: Regeneration of Bone and Beyond (Progress in Inflammation Research)

Since the discovery of the bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) more than 15 years ago, there has been an unpredicted explosion of both basic scientific discoveries and clinical reports on their use from institutions all over the world. The potent effica­ cy of BMPs in almost all crucial developmental events as well as during regenera­ tion of various organs such as bone, kidney, brain, liver, heart etc. , has positioned BMPs at the center of scientific interest. Many of these aspects are covered in this new PIR volume. Their role in development, biology, signal transduction, kidney regeneration, eNS functions, craniofacial skeleton reconstruction, joint and carti­ lage repair, long bone non-unions and acute fractures, and spinal fusion is reviewed by experts in the field. For the first time, the role of BMPs in carcinogenesis has been reviewed to provide a rationale for applying their biology in patients with bone tumors. The optimism resulting from safe and successful treatment with BMPs for various skeletal malformations of more than 10,000 patients worldwide has opened new avenues for exploring other indications for their use. The next big challenge for bringing BMPs to the benefit ofmankind is in regenerating articular cartilage defects and rescuing patients with acute and chronic renal failure. The volume editors thank all authors for the rapid preparation of their chapters in order that the book remains up-to-date for readers with specific interest in the field of regenerative medicine. The important contribution of Mrs. Morana and Mr.

Bone Pathology

Bone Pathology is the second edition of the book, A Compendium of Skeletal Pathology that published 10 years ago. Similar to the prior edition, this book complements standard pathology texts and blends new but relatively established information on the molecular biology of the bone. Serving as a bench-side companion to the surgical pathologist, this new edition reflects new advances in our understanding of the molecular biology of bone. New chapters on soft-tissue sarcomas and soft-tissue tumors have been added as well as several additional chapters such as Soft-tissue pathology and Biomechanics. The volume is written by experts who are established in the field of musculoskeletal diseases. Bone Pathology is a combined effort from authors of different specialties including surgeons, pathologists, radiologists and basic scientists all of whom have in common an interest in bone diseases. It will be of great value to surgical pathology residents as well as practicing pathologists, skeletal radiologists, orthopedic surgeons and medical students.

Bone Quantitative Ultrasound: New Horizons (Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology #1364)

Many significant achievements in new ultrasound technologies to measure bone and models to elucidate the interaction and the propagation of ultrasonic waves in complex bone structures have been reported over the past ten years. Impaired bone remodeling affects not only the trabecular compartment but also the cortical one. Despite the crucial contribution of the cortical structure to the whole bone mechanical competence, cortical bone was understudied for a long time. A paradigm shift occurred around 2010, with a special focus placed on the importance of cortical bone. This has sparkled a great deal of interest in new ultrasound techniques to assess cortical bone. While our book ‘Bone Quantitative Ultrasound’ published in 2011 emphasized techniques to measure trabecular bone, this new book is devoted for a large part to the technologies introduced recently to measure cortical bone. These include resonant ultrasound spectroscopy, guided waves, scattering, and pulse-echo and tomography imaging techniques. Instrumentation, signal processing techniques and models used are detailed. Importantly, the data accumulated in recent years such as anisotropic stiffness, elastic engineering moduli, compression and shear wave speeds of cortical bones from various skeletal sites are presented comprehensively. A few chapters deal with the recent developments achieved in quantitative ultrasound of trabecular bone. These include (i) scattering-based approaches and their application to measure skeletal sites such as the spine and proximal femur and (ii) approaches exploiting the poro-elastic nature of bone. While bone fragility and osteoporosis are still the main motivation for developing bone QUS, this Book also includes chapters reporting ultrasound techniques developed for other applications of high interest such as 3-D imaging of the spine, assessment of implant stability and transcranial brain imaging. This book, together with the book ‘Bone Quantitative Ultrasound’ published in 2011 will provide a comprehensive overview of the methods and principles used in bone quantitative ultrasound and will be a benchmark for all novice or experienced researchers in the field. The book will offer recent experimental results and theoretical concepts developed so far and would be intended for researchers, graduate or undergraduate students, engineers, and clinicians who are involved in the field. The book should be considered as a complement to the first book publisher in 2011, rather than a second edition, in the sense that basic notions already presented in the first book are not repeated.

Bone Quantitative Ultrasound

Quantitative ultrasound (QUS) of bone is a relatively recent research field. The research community is steadily growing, with interdisciplinary branches in acoustics, medical imaging, biomechanics, biomedical engineering, applied mathematics, bone biology and clinical sciences, resulting in significant achievements in new ultrasound technologies to measure bone, as well as models to elucidate the interaction and the propagation of ultrasonic wave in complex bone structures. Hundreds of articles published in specialists journals are accessible from the Web and from electronic libraries. However, no compilation and synthesis of the most recent and significant research exist. The only book on QUS of bone has been published in 1999 at a time when the propagation mechanisms of ultrasound in bone were still largely unknown and the technology was immature. The research community has now reached a critical size, special sessions are organized in major international meetings (e.g., at the World Congress of Biomechanics, the annual meetings of the Acoustical Society of America, International Bone Densitometry Workshop, etc...). Consequently, the time has come for a completely up to date, comprehensive review of the topic. The book will offer the most recent experimental results and theoretical concepts developed so far and is intended for researchers, graduate or undergraduate students, engineers, and clinicians who are involved in the field. The central part of the book covers the physics of ultrasound propagation in bone. Our goal is to give the reader an extensive view of the mathematical and numerical models as an aid to understand the QUS potential and the types of variables that can be determined by QUS in order to characterize bone strength. The propagation of sound in bone is still subject of intensive research. Different models have been proposed (for example, the Biot theory of poroelasticity and the theory of scattering have been used to describe wave propagation in cancellous bone, whereas propagation in cortical bone falls in the scope of guided waves theories). An extensive review of the models has not been published so far. We intend in this book to present in details the models that are used to solve the direct problem and strategies that are currently developed to address the inverse problem. This will include analytical theories and numerical approaches that have grown exponentially in recent years. Most recent experimental findings and technological developments will also be comprehensively reviewed.

Bone Regeneration and Repair: Biology and Clinical Applications

This collection of articles by leading orthopedic and craniofacial surgeons and researchers comprehensively reviews the biology of bone formation and repair, the basic science of autologous bone graft, allograft, bone substitutes, and growth factors, and explore their clinical application in patients with bone repair problems.

Bone Regeneration with Bone Substitutes: An Animal Study

Congenital and acquired bone defects constitute a central problem of traumatology and orthopedics. In order to cure these defects it is often necessary to fill up the bones operatively with suitable substances. Recently, so-called bone substitutes (collagen, gelatine, bone matrix, calcium phospate, hydroxyapatite) have also been recommended. Following an introductory presentation of bone regeneration and transplants, these substitutes are discussed here in a comprehensive survey of the literature. Particular attention is given to the significance of mineral substance such as hydroxyapatite, which will undoubtedly find a place in bone surgery owing to its outstanding bioactivity and biotolerance. The implants examined are also of significance for maxillofacial surgery and dentistry. The histologic techniques in the staining of undecalcified bone preparations and in histomorphometry are presented in a special chapter.

Bone Regulators and Osteoporosis Therapy (Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology #262)

This volume is designed to provide an understanding of current and potential therapies for osteoporosis. The opening chapter introduces the cells of bone and their interactions. Several following chapters describe factors affecting bone including systemic hormones with significant effects on bone, and local mediators including growth factors, prostaglandins, cytokines and chemokines. Topics that have commanded particular attention recently are calcium, FGF-23, nervous system bone interactions. Drugs that cause bone loss provide important information on mechanism as well as therapeutic considerations. An overview of the genetics of bone disorders and a discussion of the pathophysiology of osteoporosis establish the clinical context. The final chapters discuss current and potential osteoporosis treatments.

Bone Regulatory Factors: Morphology, Biochemistry, Physiology, and Pharmacology (Nato Science Series A: #184)

Bone Remodeling and Osseointegration of Implants (Tissue Repair and Reconstruction)

This book provides an insight into the latest advances in bone fracture healing and remodeling algorithm and their incorporation into patient-specific finite element models and the use of machine learning and artificial intelligence to predict the bone regeneration and osseointegration process with a certain degree of accuracy. It also examines the applications of numerical models to simulate the fracture healing process, which may prove to be advantageous in determining the optimal mechanical-based treatment or reconstruction after an accident or illness. This book is aimed at medical and dental professionals who are involved in implantology and tissue engineering such as dentists, oral and maxillofacial surgeons, orthopedic surgeons, students, and researchers.

Bone Research Protocols: Methods And Protocols (Methods in Molecular Biology #1914)

The third edition of this book provides a large number of laboratory protocols that are intended for basic and clinical bone researchers. Chapters are organized into five parts covering methods for isolation, ex vivo models of bone organ and cell co-culture system, biochemical procedures, animal models of bone remodeling, and rodent models on Rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and cutting-edge Bone Research Protocols: Methods and Protocols, Third Edition aims to extensive list of protocols for anyone interested in bone research.

Bone Research Protocols (Methods in Molecular Medicine #80)

The last decade has seen a tremendous advance in our understanding of bone biology. The genes responsible for the majority of rare inherited bone disorders have been identified and much progress has been made in the identification of genes in polygenic disorders such as Paget’s disease and complex multigene diseases such as osteoporosis. Transgenic technology has identified further genes, sometimes unexpectedly, with profound effects on bone. This wealth of new genetic information will undoubtedly lead to extensive cell biological studies to understand the mechanisms by which these gene products affect bone mass and bone strength. In Bone Research Protocols a catalogue of protocols has been assembled to perform such mechanistic studies. In the tradition of the Methods in Molecular Medicine series, the chapters are practical laboratory protocols that should enable the reader to carry out the techniques from scratch. To our knowledge this is the first time such a truly practical manual on well-established bone methods has been assembled, and this volume aims to be complementary to and follow on from the more theoretical Methods in Bone Biology, edited by Arnett and Henderson (1).

Bone Resorption (Topics in Bone Biology #2)

There is currently no single book with up to date information on osteoclast function and bone resorption. A useful collection of information, not readily available in a concentrated and convenient form on the market. Provides a comprehensive overview of the field.

Bone Sarcoma (MD Anderson Cancer Care Series)

Bone Sarcoma is a succinct volume within the M.D. Anderson Cancer Care Series that summarizes the key elements of different specialties as they pertain to these cancers. It is a vital resource for physicians working with these uncommon yet fascinating bone sarcomas and uses a multidisciplinary team approach that is essential to maximizing a patient’s chances of a successful outcome. Written for physicians who have an interest in how the entire treatment process works and how their efforts are intertwined with those of their colleagues, Bone Sarcoma covers topics such as diagnostic techniques, treatment modalities, reconstruction and function, and a more globally oriented chapter geared towards algorithms for perioperative management and follow-up of patients. Designed for the busy practitioner, the esteemed M.D. Anderson Cancer Care Series offers an in-depth view of the current standard of care at M. D. Anderson, without extensive literature review or discussion of approaches not yet incorporated into routine clinical practice. Each chapter ends with an up-to-date list of suggested readings and a list of “key practice points” highlighting the most important principles presented. These books offer a clear picture of how M. D. Anderson is successfully treating patients today.

Bone Scanning in Clinical Practice

The most frequently requested investigation in any nuclear medicine department remains the technetium-99m (99mTc)-labelled diphosphonate bone scan. Despite rapid advances in all imaging modalities. there has been no serious challenge to the role of bone scanning in the evaluation of the skeleton. The main reason for this is the exquisite sensitivity of the bone scan for lesion detection. combined with clear visualisation of the whole skeleton. In recent years several new diphosphonate agents have become available with claims for superior imaging of the skeleton. Essentially. they all have higher affinity for bone. thus allowing the normal skeleton to be visualised all the more clearly. However. as will be dis­ cussed. this may occur at some cost to the principal role of bone scanning. lesion detection. The major strength of nuclear medicine is its ability to provide functional and physiological information. With bone scanning this leads to high sensitivity for focal disease if there has been any disturbance of skeletal metabolism. However. in many other clinical situations. and particularly in metabolic bone disease. more generalised alteration in skeletal turnover may occur. and quantitation of diphosphonate uptake by the skeleton can provide valuable clinical information.

Bone SPECT/CT of Ankle and Foot

Divided into two parts, this book discusses various aspects of bone SPECT/CT of ankle and foot.The first part is dedicated to foot and ankle pathology and concisely presents those disorders most frequently detected with a bone scan. The authors also describe common pathologies that cannot be diagnosed with bone scans, such as Morton’s neuroma, but which nuclear physicians need to recognize. Orthopedic surgeons’ expectancies are highlighted and several bone scan studies of clinical interest are presented.The second part is devoted to anatomy: bones, articulations and all relevant anatomical structures that are necessary to interpret a bone scan of the ankle and foot are described by means of anatomical illustrations with captions.At the end of the last decade, hybrid scanners with the ability to acquire single-photon emission computed tomoscintigraphy (SPECT) and multislice CT data simultaneously were introduced, thus opening a wide range of perspectives for nuclear physicians. Like their radiologist colleagues in the early 1990s, nuclear physicians have discovered pathologies that they were unaware of and have visualized increased tracer uptakes that they were previously unable to detect. This book, written by nuclear physicians and orthopedic surgeons specialized in the foot and ankle, will increase understanding of this whole new semiology.The internationally recognized Terminologia Anatomica has been used for the nomenclature of anatomical structures.

The Bone-Strength Plan: How to Improve Bone Health for a Long, Active Life

Bones play a vital role in the body. They provide structure, protect organs and anchor muscles. Protecting bone health and preventing the early onset of osteoporosis is vital and easier than you think.The Bone-strength Plan guides the reader through the science behind bones and why osteoporosis and other bone diseases and problems occur; it looks at lifestyle measures to be taken such as weight management and explains the importance of the right kind of exercise – offering easy workouts that can be done at home. Featuring key ingredients and nutrients that are needed for bone health, there are 30 easy and delicious recipes making this book a comprehensive plan for increasing the strength of your bones.

Bone Tissue Engineering: Bench to Bedside Using 3D Printing

This book provides a comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art research as well as current challenges and strategies to reconstruct large bone defects employing 3D printing technology. Various topics covered include different 3D printing technologies that can be applied for bioengineering bone, the aspects of basic bone biology critical for clinical translation, tissue engineering platforms to investigate the bone niche microenvironment, the pathway to clinical translation, and regulatory hurdles.Bone Tissue Engineering: State-of-the-Art in 3D Printing is an ideal book for students and researchers interested in learning more about the latest advances in employing different 3D printing technologies for bone tissue engineering.

Bone Toxicology (Molecular and Integrative Toxicology)

The content of this book is intended to provide the toxicologist in drug development in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries with a broad understanding of bone and its interactions with other organ systems in safety assessments. The book is divided into three parts. The first part describes our current understanding of bone biology and its primary regulatory pathways. Additional chapters address regulatory and study design considerations for incorporating bone end points in toxicology studies, with special consideration being given to juvenile toxicology studies. This is intended to address recent regulatory requirements to evaluate skeletal development for drugs in development for pediatric populations. The second part of the book describes the principal techniques and methods used in bone research; understanding how these end-points are derived is fundamental to their appropriate application. These first two parts of the book provide the background and the means to develop the concepts in part three which describes bone and its interaction with other organ systems. The unique series of chapters in part three, contributed to by key leaders in their respective fields and in bone research, provides a comprehensive collective work. Although constantly evolving, the crosstalk and interaction of the skeleton with several organ systems is now recognized and well documented, such as for the reproductive system, muscle and kidney, while our understanding of the interaction with other organ systems, such as the immune system and CNS, is in its infancy. Recent work highlights the key role of the skeleton in the regulation of energy metabolism and the impact this has on research in metabolic diseases such as obesity and diabetes. The hope is that this book will enlighten many and encourage more to explore the impact of new compounds on the skeleton in the development of effective and safe drugs.