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The Application of Mathematics to the Sciences of Nature: Critical Moments and Aspects

by Claudio Pellegrini Paola Cerrai Paolo Freguglia

The historical and epistemological reflection on the applications of mathematical techniques to the Sciences of Nature - physics, biology, chemistry, and geology - today generates attention and interest because of the increasing use of mathematical models in all sciences and their high level of sophistication. The goal of the meeting and the papers collected in this proceedings volume is to give physicists, biologists, mathematicians, and historians of science the opportunity to share information on their work and reflect on the and mathematical models are used in the natural sciences today and in way mathematics the past. The program of the workshop combines the experience of those working on current scientific research in many different fields with the historical analysis of previous results. We hope that some novel interdisciplinary, philosophical, and epistemological considerations will follow from the two aspects of the workshop, the historical and the scientific· This proceedings includes papers presented at the meeting and some of the results of the discussions that took place during the workshop. We wish to express our gratitude to Sergio Monteiro for all his work, which has been essential for the successful publication of these proceedings. We also want to thank the editors of Kluwer AcademidPlenum Publishers for their patience and constant help, and in particular Beth Kuhne and Roberta Klarreich. Our thanks to the fallowing institutions: -Amministrazione Comunale di Arcidosso -Comunita Montana del Monte Amiata ·Center for the History of Physics, UCLA -Centre F.

The Application of Neural Networks in the Earth System Sciences: Neural Networks Emulations for Complex Multidimensional Mappings (Atmospheric and Oceanographic Sciences Library)

by Vladimir M. Krasnopolsky

This book brings together a representative set of Earth System Science (ESS) applications of the neural network (NN) technique. It examines a progression of atmospheric and oceanic problems, which, from the mathematical point of view, can be formulated as complex, multidimensional, and nonlinear mappings. It is shown that these problems can be solved utilizing a particular type of NN – the multilayer perceptron (MLP). This type of NN applications covers the majority of NN applications developed in ESSs such as meteorology, oceanography, atmospheric and oceanic satellite remote sensing, numerical weather prediction, and climate studies. The major properties of the mappings and MLP NNs are formulated and discussed. Also, the book presents basic background for each introduced application and provides an extensive set of references. “This is an excellent book to learn how to apply artificial neural network methods to earth system sciences. The author, Dr. Vladimir Krasnopolsky, is a universally recognized master in this field. With his vast knowledge and experience, he carefully guides the reader through a broad variety of problems found in the earth system sciences where neural network methods can be applied fruitfully. (...) The broad range of topics covered in this book ensures that researchers/graduate students from many fields (...) will find it an invaluable guide to neural network methods.” (Prof. William W. Hsieh, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada) “Vladimir Krasnopolsky has been the “founding father” of applying computation intelligence methods to environmental science; (...) Dr. Krasnopolsky has created a masterful exposition of a young, yet maturing field that promises to advance a deeper understanding of best modeling practices in environmental science.” (Dr. Sue Ellen Haupt, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, USA) “Vladimir Krasnopolsky has written an important and wonderful book on applications of neural networks to replace complex and expensive computational algorithms within Earth System Science models. He is uniquely qualified to write this book, since he has been a true pioneer with regard to many of these applications. (...) Many other examples of creative emulations will inspire not just readers interested in the Earth Sciences, but any other modeling practitioner (...) to address both theoretical and practical complex problems that may (or will!) arise in a complex system." ” (Prof. Eugenia Kalnay, University of Maryland, USA)

Application of Soft Computing and Intelligent Methods in Geophysics (Springer Geophysics)

by Alireza Hajian Peter Styles

This book provides a practical guide to applying soft-computing methods to interpret geophysical data. It discusses the design of neural networks with Matlab for geophysical data, as well as fuzzy logic and neuro-fuzzy concepts and their applications. In addition, it describes genetic algorithms for the automatic and/or intelligent processing and interpretation of geophysical data.

The Application of the Chebyshev-Spectral Method in Transport Phenomena (Lecture Notes in Applied and Computational Mechanics)

by Weidong Guo Gérard Labrosse Ranga Narayanan

Transport phenomena problems that occur in engineering and physics are often multi-dimensional and multi-phase in character. When taking recourse to numerical methods the spectral method is particularly useful and efficient. The book is meant principally to train students and non-specialists to use the spectral method for solving problems that model fluid flow in closed geometries with heat or mass transfer. To this aim the reader should bring a working knowledge of fluid mechanics and heat transfer and should be readily conversant with simple concepts of linear algebra including spectral decomposition of matrices as well as solvability conditions for inhomogeneous problems. The book is neither meant to supply a ready-to-use program that is all-purpose nor to go through all manners of mathematical proofs. The focus in this tutorial is on the use of the spectral methods for space discretization, because this is where most of the difficulty lies. While time dependent problems are also of great interest, time marching procedures are dealt with by briefly introducing and providing a simple, direct, and efficient method. Many examples are provided in the text as well as numerous exercises for each chapter. Several of the examples are attended by subtle points which the reader will face while working them out. Some of these points are deliberated upon in endnotes to the various chapters, others are touched upon in the book itself.

Application of Wavelets in Speech Processing (SpringerBriefs in Speech Technology)

by Mohamed Hesham Farouk

This new edition provides an updated and enhanced survey on employing wavelets analysis in an array of applications of speech processing. The author presents updated developments in topics such as; speech enhancement, noise suppression, spectral analysis of speech signal, speech quality assessment, speech recognition, forensics by Speech, and emotion recognition from speech. The new edition also features a new chapter on scalogram analysis of speech. Moreover, in this edition, each chapter is restructured as such; that it becomes self contained, and can be read separately. Each chapter surveys the literature in a topic such that the use of wavelets in the work is explained and experimental results of proposed method are then discussed. Illustrative figures are also added to explain the methodology of each work.

Application of Wavelets in Speech Processing (SpringerBriefs in Speech Technology)

by Mohamed Hesham Farouk

This book provides a survey on wide-spread of employing wavelets analysis in different applications of speech processing. The author examines development and research in different applications of speech processing. The book also summarizes the state of the art research on wavelet in speech processing.

Applications and Computation of Orthogonal Polynomials: Conference at the Mathematical Research Institute Oberwolfach, Germany March 22–28, 1998 (International Series of Numerical Mathematics #131)

by Walter Gautschi Gene H. Golub Gerhard Opfer

This volume contains a collection of papers dealing with applications of orthogonal polynomials and methods for their computation, of interest to a wide audience of numerical analysts, engineers, and scientists. The applications address problems in applied mathematics as well as problems in engineering and the sciences.

Applications and Science in Soft Computing (Advances in Intelligent and Soft Computing #24)

by Ahmad Lotfi Jonathan M. Garibaldi

Soft computing techniques have reached a significant level of recognition and - ceptance from both the academic and industrial communities. The papers collected in this volume illustrate the depth of the current theoretical research trends and the breadth of the application areas in which soft computing methods are making c- tributions. This volume consists of forty six selected papers presented at the Fourth Inter- tional Conference on Recent Advances in Soft Computing, which was held in N- th th tingham, United Kingdom on 12 and 13 December 2002 at Nottingham Trent University. This volume is organized in five parts. The first four parts address mainly the f- damental and theoretical advances in soft computing, namely Artificial Neural Networks, Evolutionary Computing, Fuzzy Systems and Hybrid Systems. The fifth part of this volume presents papers that deal with practical issues and ind- trial applications of soft computing techniques. We would like to express our sincere gratitude to all the authors who submitted contributions for inclusion. We are also indebted to Janusz Kacprzyk for his - vices related to this volume. We hope you find the volume an interesting refl- tion of current theoretical and application based soft computing research.

Applications and Techniques in Information Security: 9th International Conference, ATIS 2018, Nanning, China, November 9–11, 2018, Proceedings (Communications in Computer and Information Science #950)

by Qingfeng Chen Jia Wu Shichao Zhang Changan Yuan Lynn Batten Gang Li

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Applications and Techniques in Information Security, ATIS 2018, held in Nanning, China, in November 2018. The 19 full papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 59 submissions. The papers are organized in the following topical sections: information security, information abuse prevention, security implementations, knowledge discovery, and applications.

Applications and Theory of Petri Nets: 30th International Conference, PETRI NETS 2009, Paris, France, June 22-26, 2009, Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #5606)

by Giuliana Franceschinis Karsten Wolf

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 30th International Conference on Applications and Theory of Petri Nets and Other Models of Concurrency, PETRI NETS 2009, held in Paris, France, in June 2009. The 19 revised papers classified as theory papers (13), application papers (1), and tool papers (5) were carefully reviewed and selected from 46 submissions. All current issues on research and development in the area of Petri nets and related models of concurrent systems are addressed, novel tools as well as substantial enhancements to existing tools are presented.

Applications and Theory of Petri Nets 2001: 22nd International Conference, ICATPN 2001 Newcastle upon Tyne, UK, June 25-29, 2001 Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #2075)

by Jose-Manuel Colom Maciej Koutny

This volume contains the proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Application and Theory of Petri Nets. The aim of the Petri net conferences is to create a forum for discussing progress in the application and theory of Petri nets. Typically, the conferences have 100{150 participants { one third of these coming from industry while the rest are from universities and research institutions. The conferences always take place in the last week of June. This year the conference was organized jointly with the 2nd International Conference on Application of Concurrency to System Design (ICACSD 2001). The two conferences shared the invited lectures and the social program. The conference and a number of other activities are co-ordinated by a steering committee with the following members: G. Balbo (Italy), J. Billington (Aust- lia), G. De Michelis (Italy), C. Girault (France), K. Jensen (Denmark), S. - magai (Japan), T. Murata (USA), C.A. Petri (Germany; honorary member), W. Reisig (Germany), G. Rozenberg (The Netherlands; chairman), and M. Silva (Spain). Other activities before and during the 2001 conference included tool dem- strations, a meeting on \XML Based Interchange Formats for Petri Nets", - tensive introductory tutorials, two advanced tutorials on \Probabilistic Methods in Concurrency" and \Model Checking", and two workshops on \Synthesis of Concurrent Systems" and \Concurrency in Dependable Computing". The tu- rial notes and workshop proceedings are not published in these proceedings, but copies are available from the organizers.

Applications and Theory of Petri Nets 2003: 24th International Conference, ICATPN 2003, Eindhoven, The Netherlands, June 23-27, 2003, Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #2679)

by Wil Van Der Aalst Eike Best

The refereed proceedings of the 24th International Conference on Applications and Theory of Petri Nets, ICATPN 2003, held in Eindhoven, The Netherlands, in June 2003. The 25 revised full papers presented together with 6 invited contributions were carefully reviewed and selected from 77 submissions. All current issues on research and development in the area of Petri nets are addressed, in particular concurrent systems design and analysis, model checking, networking, business process modeling, formal methods in software engineering, agent systems, systems specification, systems validation, discrete event systems, protocols, and prototyping.

Applications in Statistical Computing: From Music Data Analysis to Industrial Quality Improvement (Studies in Classification, Data Analysis, and Knowledge Organization)

by Nadja Bauer Katja Ickstadt Karsten Lübke Gero Szepannek Heike Trautmann Maurizio Vichi

This volume presents a selection of research papers on various topics at the interface of statistics and computer science. Emphasis is put on the practical applications of statistical methods in various disciplines, using machine learning and other computational methods. The book covers fields of research including the design of experiments, computational statistics, music data analysis, statistical process control, biometrics, industrial engineering, and econometrics. Gathering innovative, high-quality and scientifically relevant contributions, the volume was published in honor of Claus Weihs, Professor of Computational Statistics at TU Dortmund University, on the occasion of his 66th birthday.

Applications of Advanced Optimization Techniques in Industrial Engineering (Information Technology, Management and Operations Research Practices)

by Abhinav Goel Anand Chauhan A. K. Malik

This book provides different approaches used to analyze, draw attention, and provide an understanding of the advancements in the optimization field across the globe. It brings all of the latest methodologies, tools, and techniques related to optimization and industrial engineering into a single volume to build insights towards the latest advancements in various domains. Applications of Advanced Optimization Techniques in Industrial Engineering includes the basic concept of optimization, techniques, and applications related to industrial engineering. Concepts are introduced in a sequential way along with explanations, illustrations, and solved examples. The book goes on to explore applications of operations research and covers empirical properties of a variety of engineering disciplines. It presents network scheduling, production planning, industrial and manufacturing system issues, and their implications in the real world. The book caters to academicians, researchers, professionals in inventory analytics, business analytics, investment managers, finance firms, storage-related managers, and engineers working in engineering industries and data management fields.

Applications of Advanced Optimization Techniques in Industrial Engineering (Information Technology, Management and Operations Research Practices)

by Abhinav Goel Anand Chauhan A. K. Malik

This book provides different approaches used to analyze, draw attention, and provide an understanding of the advancements in the optimization field across the globe. It brings all of the latest methodologies, tools, and techniques related to optimization and industrial engineering into a single volume to build insights towards the latest advancements in various domains. Applications of Advanced Optimization Techniques in Industrial Engineering includes the basic concept of optimization, techniques, and applications related to industrial engineering. Concepts are introduced in a sequential way along with explanations, illustrations, and solved examples. The book goes on to explore applications of operations research and covers empirical properties of a variety of engineering disciplines. It presents network scheduling, production planning, industrial and manufacturing system issues, and their implications in the real world. The book caters to academicians, researchers, professionals in inventory analytics, business analytics, investment managers, finance firms, storage-related managers, and engineers working in engineering industries and data management fields.

Applications of Affine and Weyl Geometry (Synthesis Lectures on Mathematics & Statistics)

by Eduardo García-Río Peter Gilkey Stana Nikčević Ramón Vázquez-Lorenzo

Pseudo-Riemannian geometry is, to a large extent, the study of the Levi-Civita connection, which is the unique torsion-free connection compatible with the metric structure. There are, however, other affine connections which arise in different contexts, such as conformal geometry, contact structures, Weyl structures, and almost Hermitian geometry. In this book, we reverse this point of view and instead associate an auxiliary pseudo-Riemannian structure of neutral signature to certain affine connections and use this correspondence to study both geometries. We examine Walker structures, Riemannian extensions, and Kähler--Weyl geometry from this viewpoint. This book is intended to be accessible to mathematicians who are not expert in the subject and to students with a basic grounding in differential geometry. Consequently, the first chapter contains a comprehensive introduction to the basic results and definitions we shall need---proofs are included of many of these results to make it as self-contained as possible. Para-complex geometry plays an important role throughout the book and consequently is treated carefully in various chapters, as is the representation theory underlying various results. It is a feature of this book that, rather than as regarding para-complex geometry as an adjunct to complex geometry, instead, we shall often introduce the para-complex concepts first and only later pass to the complex setting. The second and third chapters are devoted to the study of various kinds of Riemannian extensions that associate to an affine structure on a manifold a corresponding metric of neutral signature on its cotangent bundle. These play a role in various questions involving the spectral geometry of the curvature operator and homogeneous connections on surfaces. The fourth chapter deals with Kähler--Weyl geometry, which lies, in a certain sense, midway between affine geometry and Kähler geometry. Another feature of the book is that we have tried wherever possible to find the original references in the subject for possible historical interest. Thus, we have cited the seminal papers of Levi-Civita, Ricci, Schouten, and Weyl, to name but a few exemplars. We have also given different proofs of various results than those that are given in the literature, to take advantage of the unified treatment of the area given herein.

Applications of Algebraic Geometry to Coding Theory, Physics and Computation (NATO Science Series II: Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry #36)

by Ciro Ciliberto Friedrich Hirzebruch Rick Miranda Mina Teicher

An up-to-date report on the current status of important research topics in algebraic geometry and its applications, such as computational algebra and geometry, singularity theory algorithms, numerical solutions of polynomial systems, coding theory, communication networks, and computer vision. Contributions on more fundamental aspects of algebraic geometry include expositions related to counting points on varieties over finite fields, Mori theory, linear systems, Abelian varieties, vector bundles on singular curves, degenerations of surfaces, and mirror symmetry of Calabi-Yau manifolds.

Applications of Algebraic Topology: Graphs and Networks. The Picard-Lefschetz Theory and Feynman Integrals (Applied Mathematical Sciences #16)

by S. Lefschetz

This monograph is based, in part, upon lectures given in the Princeton School of Engineering and Applied Science. It presupposes mainly an elementary knowledge of linear algebra and of topology. In topology the limit is dimension two mainly in the latter chapters and questions of topological invariance are carefully avoided. From the technical viewpoint graphs is our only requirement. However, later, questions notably related to Kuratowski's classical theorem have demanded an easily provided treatment of 2-complexes and surfaces. January 1972 Solomon Lefschetz 4 INTRODUCTION The study of electrical networks rests upon preliminary theory of graphs. In the literature this theory has always been dealt with by special ad hoc methods. My purpose here is to show that actually this theory is nothing else than the first chapter of classical algebraic topology and may be very advantageously treated as such by the well known methods of that science. Part I of this volume covers the following ground: The first two chapters present, mainly in outline, the needed basic elements of linear algebra. In this part duality is dealt with somewhat more extensively. In Chapter III the merest elements of general topology are discussed. Graph theory proper is covered in Chapters IV and v, first structurally and then as algebra. Chapter VI discusses the applications to networks. In Chapters VII and VIII the elements of the theory of 2-dimensional complexes and surfaces are presented.

Applications of Analytic and Geometric Methods to Nonlinear Differential Equations (Nato Science Series C: #413)

by P. A. Clarkson

In the study of integrable systems, two different approaches in particular have attracted considerable attention during the past twenty years. (1) The inverse scattering transform (IST), using complex function theory, which has been employed to solve many physically significant equations, the `soliton' equations. (2) Twistor theory, using differential geometry, which has been used to solve the self-dual Yang--Mills (SDYM) equations, a four-dimensional system having important applications in mathematical physics. Both soliton and the SDYM equations have rich algebraic structures which have been extensively studied. Recently, it has been conjectured that, in some sense, all soliton equations arise as special cases of the SDYM equations; subsequently many have been discovered as either exact or asymptotic reductions of the SDYM equations. Consequently what seems to be emerging is that a natural, physically significant system such as the SDYM equations provides the basis for a unifying framework underlying this class of integrable systems, i.e. `soliton' systems. This book contains several articles on the reduction of the SDYM equations to soliton equations and the relationship between the IST and twistor methods. The majority of nonlinear evolution equations are nonintegrable, and so asymptotic, numerical perturbation and reduction techniques are often used to study such equations. This book also contains articles on perturbed soliton equations. Painlevé analysis of partial differential equations, studies of the Painlevé equations and symmetry reductions of nonlinear partial differential equations. (ABSTRACT) In the study of integrable systems, two different approaches in particular have attracted considerable attention during the past twenty years; the inverse scattering transform (IST), for `soliton' equations and twistor theory, for the self-dual Yang--Mills (SDYM) equations. This book contains several articles on the reduction of the SDYM equations to soliton equations and the relationship between the IST and twistor methods. Additionally, it contains articles on perturbed soliton equations, Painlevé analysis of partial differential equations, studies of the Painlevé equations and symmetry reductions of nonlinear partial differential equations.

Applications of Ant Colony Optimization and its Variants: Case Studies and New Developments (Springer Tracts in Nature-Inspired Computing)

by Nilanjan Dey

This book explains the basic ideas behind several variants of ant colony optimization (ACO) and shows how they may be used in real-world settings like manufacturing, engineering design, and health care. Marco Dorigo proposed ACO for the first time, and it has been used to solve a variety of optimization problems. This book presents the latest developments of ACO.

Applications of Artificial Intelligence and Neural Systems to Data Science (Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies #360)

by Anna Esposito Marcos Faundez-Zanuy Francesco Carlo Morabito Eros Pasero

This book provides an overview on the current progresses in artificial intelligence and neural nets in data science. The book is reporting on intelligent algorithms and applications modeling, prediction, and recognition tasks and many other application areas supporting complex multimodal systems to enhance and improve human–machine or human–human interactions. This field is broadly addressed by the scientific communities and has a strong commercial impact since investigates on the theoretical frameworks supporting the implementation of sophisticated computational intelligence tools. Such tools will support multidisciplinary aspects of data mining and data processing characterizing appropriate system reactions to human-machine interactional exchanges in interactive scenarios. The emotional issue has recently gained increasing attention for such complex systems due to its relevance in helping in the most common human tasks (like cognitive processes, perception, learning, communication, and even "rational" decision-making) and therefore improving the quality of life of the end users.

Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Business, Education and Healthcare (Studies in Computational Intelligence #954)

by Aboul Ella Hassanien Allam Hamdan Anjum Razzaque Bahaaeddin Alareeni Reem Khamis Bahaa Awwad

This book focuses on the implementation of Artificial Intelligence in Business, Education and Healthcare, It includes research articles and expository papers on the applications of Artificial Intelligence on Decision Making, Entrepreneurship, Social Media, Healthcare, Education, Public Sector, FinTech, and RegTech. It also discusses the role of Artificial Intelligence in the current COVID-19 pandemic, in the health sector, education, and others. It also discusses the impact of Artificial Intelligence on decision-making in vital sectors of the economy.

Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology (SpringerBriefs in Applied Sciences and Technology)

by Danial Jahed Armaghani Aydin Azizi

This book covers the tunnel boring machine (TBM) performance classifications, empirical models, statistical and intelligent-based techniques which have been applied and introduced by the researchers in this field. In addition, a critical review of the available TBM performance predictive models will be discussed in details. Then, this book introduces several predictive models i.e., statistical and intelligent techniques which are applicable, powerful and easy to implement, in estimating TBM performance parameters. The introduced models are accurate enough and they can be used for prediction of TBM performance in practice before designing TBMs.

Applications of Block Chain technology and Artificial Intelligence: Lead-ins in Banking, Finance, and Capital Market (Financial Mathematics and Fintech)

by Mohammad Irfan Khan Muhammad Muhammad Attique Khan Nader Naifar

Today, emerging technologies offer a new pathway for advancing the economy in the fields of banking, finance, and capital markets. Blockchain applications play a crucial role in ensuring trust and security within these industries by relying on transparency and visibility through peer-to-peer networks. The banking industry has also witnessed increased operations speed, better transparency, efficiency enhancement, fraud extenuation at less cost while sharing real-time data between various parties. Thus, the adoption of blockchain in the Banking and Insurance industry is developing very fast. It has emerged as the commonly accepted default platform for the banking and insurance industry. This book explores how blockchain technology optimizes and integrates transactions and operations, facilitating easier access to information. This, in turn, has the potential to reduce communication costs and minimize minor data transfer errors. Additionally, the book delves into the current applications of blockchain technology in the financial industry, discusses its limitations, and outlines its future prospects for broader accessibility. This book is aimed at students and researchers in financial engineering and fintech and it can serve as a reference for identifying problem areas and their possible solutions.

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