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Computing Nature: Turing Centenary Perspective (Studies in Applied Philosophy, Epistemology and Rational Ethics #7)
by Gordana Dodig-Crnkovic Raffaela GiovagnoliThis book is about nature considered as the totality of physical existence, the universe, and our present day attempts to understand it. If we see the universe as a network of networks of computational processes at many different levels of organization, what can we learn about physics, biology, cognition, social systems, and ecology expressed through interacting networks of elementary particles, atoms, molecules, cells, (and especially neurons when it comes to understanding of cognition and intelligence), organs, organisms and their ecologies? Regarding our computational models of natural phenomena Feynman famously wondered: “Why should it take an infinite amount of logic to figure out what one tiny piece of space/time is going to do?” Phenomena themselves occur so quickly and automatically in nature. Can we learn how to harness nature’s computational power as we harness its energy and materials? This volume includes a selection of contributions from the Symposium on Natural Computing/Unconventional Computing and Its Philosophical Significance, organized during the AISB/IACAP World Congress 2012, held in Birmingham, UK, on July 2-6, on the occasion of the centenary of Alan Turing’s birth. In this book, leading researchers investigated questions of computing nature by exploring various facets of computation as we find it in nature: relationships between different levels of computation, cognition with learning and intelligence, mathematical background, relationships to classical Turing computation and Turing’s ideas about computing nature - unorganized machines and morphogenesis. It addresses questions of information, representation and computation, interaction as communication, concurrency and agent models; in short this book presents natural computing and unconventional computing as extension of the idea of computation as symbol manipulation.
Conamara Blues
by John O'DonohueConamara in the West of Ireland has a strange and beautiful landscape - a landscape of intense contrasts uniquely dependent on light and shade. In daylight, a subtle radiance of gentle colours envelops the place. Yet on the threshold of darkness, the fading light reveals an almost haunted vista of mysterious beauty.In this exquisitely crafted collection of poetry, John O'Donohue evokes the vital energy and rhythm of the Conamara landscape, engaging with earth, sky and sea, and the majestic mountains that silently preside over this glorious region. Here too, as he draws upon the ancient memory and history of this sacred place, he focuses upon the power of language and the vagaries of human need and passion, tenderly revealing the fragile vulnerability of love and friendship.Written with penetrating insight and a deftness of touch, Conamara Blues offers a unique, imaginative vision of a landscape steeped in mystery and legend - a landscape of hope and possibility that is at once both familiar and unknown.
Concealment and Exposure: And Other Essays
by Thomas NagelThomas Nagel is widely recognized as one of the top American philosophers working today. Reflecting the diversity of his many philosophical preoccupations, this volume is a collection of his most recent critical essays and reviews. The first section, Public and Private, focuses on the notion of privacy in the context of social and political issues, such as the impeachment of President Clinton. The second section, Right and Wrong, discusses moral, political and legal theory, and includes pieces on John Rawls, G.A. Cohen, and T.M. Scanlon, among others. The final section, Mind and Reality, features discussions of Richard Rorty, Donald Davidson, and the Sokal hoax, and closes with a substantial new essay on the mind-body problem. Written with characteristic rigor, these pieces reveal the intellectual passion underlying the incisive analysis for which Nagel is known.
Conceivable: The Insider's Guide to IVF
by Jheni OsmanIVF can seem like a daunting prospect. An often expensive emotional and physical rollercoaster, and one that is filled with new and strange jargon. How do you choose a clinic or decide which treatment options are right for you? And how do you avoid getting sucked into a black hole of late night googling, searching for answers?This fully up to date handbook contains everything you need to know about the ever evolving world of IVF. Conceivable holds your hand through the process, taking you step by step through each stage, and cuts through the confusing terminology and information overload. Find out exactly how IVF and ICSI work, what the different medications involved do, and the costs involved. Learn about why some of us struggle to conceive, how to handle the ups and downs, and what can be done to improve your chances of conception via IVF. This book also outlines the latest statistics for different treatments and examines and explains potential new developments in IVF. Conceivable is here to support you through both the physical and emotional parts of your IVF journey. Included are first-hand experiences of couples trying to conceive, and Jheni's own personal IVF story as well as insights from IVF professionals from top level consultants to counsellors.
Conceivable: The Insider's Guide to IVF
by Jheni OsmanIVF can seem like a daunting prospect. An often expensive emotional and physical rollercoaster, and one that is filled with new and strange jargon. How do you choose a clinic or decide which treatment options are right for you? And how do you avoid getting sucked into a black hole of late night googling, searching for answers?This fully up to date handbook contains everything you need to know about the ever evolving world of IVF. Conceivable holds your hand through the process, taking you step by step through each stage, and cuts through the confusing terminology and information overload. Find out exactly how IVF and ICSI work, what the different medications involved do, and the costs involved. Learn about why some of us struggle to conceive, how to handle the ups and downs, and what can be done to improve your chances of conception via IVF. This book also outlines the latest statistics for different treatments and examines and explains potential new developments in IVF. Conceivable is here to support you through both the physical and emotional parts of your IVF journey. Included are first-hand experiences of couples trying to conceive, and Jheni's own personal IVF story as well as insights from IVF professionals from top level consultants to counsellors.
Concentric Space as a Life Principle Beyond Schopenhauer, Nietzsche and Ricoeur: Inclusion of the Other
by Paul DownesConcentric Space as a Life Principle beyond Schopenhauer, Nietzsche and Ricoeur invites a fresh vision of human experience and search for life meanings in terms of potential openings through relational space. Offering a radical spatial rereading of foundational ideas of influential thinkers Schopenhauer, Nietzsche and Ricoeur, it argues that these ideas can be rethought for a more fundamental understanding of life, self and other. This book offers a radical reconceptualisation of space as an animating principle for life through common, although previously hidden, features across the thought of Schopenhauer, Nietzsche and Ricoeur. It offers a fresh spatial interpretation of key themes in these thinkers’ works, such as compassion, will to life, Dionysian rapture, will to power, selfovercoming, re-valuation of values, eternal recurrence, living metaphor and intersubjectivity. It proposes a spatial restructuring of experience from diametric spaces of exclusion towards concentric spaces of inclusion for an experiential restructuring towards unifying modes of experience. This spatial rereading of these major figures in philosophy directly challenges many previous understandings, to offer a distinctive spatial-phenomenological framework for examining a life principle. This book will appeal to academics, researchers and postgraduates engaged in the study of philosophy, wellbeing, education and human development. The book’s interdisciplinary scope ensures that it is also of interest for those in the fields of psychology, anthropology, psychoanalysis and culture studies.
Concentric Space as a Life Principle Beyond Schopenhauer, Nietzsche and Ricoeur: Inclusion of the Other
by Paul DownesConcentric Space as a Life Principle beyond Schopenhauer, Nietzsche and Ricoeur invites a fresh vision of human experience and search for life meanings in terms of potential openings through relational space. Offering a radical spatial rereading of foundational ideas of influential thinkers Schopenhauer, Nietzsche and Ricoeur, it argues that these ideas can be rethought for a more fundamental understanding of life, self and other. This book offers a radical reconceptualisation of space as an animating principle for life through common, although previously hidden, features across the thought of Schopenhauer, Nietzsche and Ricoeur. It offers a fresh spatial interpretation of key themes in these thinkers’ works, such as compassion, will to life, Dionysian rapture, will to power, selfovercoming, re-valuation of values, eternal recurrence, living metaphor and intersubjectivity. It proposes a spatial restructuring of experience from diametric spaces of exclusion towards concentric spaces of inclusion for an experiential restructuring towards unifying modes of experience. This spatial rereading of these major figures in philosophy directly challenges many previous understandings, to offer a distinctive spatial-phenomenological framework for examining a life principle. This book will appeal to academics, researchers and postgraduates engaged in the study of philosophy, wellbeing, education and human development. The book’s interdisciplinary scope ensures that it is also of interest for those in the fields of psychology, anthropology, psychoanalysis and culture studies.
The Concept of Mind: 60th Anniversary Edition
by Gilbert RyleFirst published in 1949, Gilbert Ryle’s The Concept of Mind is one of the classics of twentieth-century philosophy. Described by Ryle as a ‘sustained piece of analytical hatchet-work’ on Cartesian dualism, The Concept of Mind is a radical and controversial attempt to jettison once and for all what Ryle called ‘the ghost in the machine’: Descartes’ argument that mind and body are two separate entities. This sixtieth anniversary edition includes a substantial commentary by Julia Tanney and is essential reading for new readers interested not only in the history of analytic philosophy but in its power to challenge major currents in philosophy of mind and language today.
The Concept of Mind: 60th Anniversary Edition
by Gilbert RyleFirst published in 1949, Gilbert Ryle’s The Concept of Mind is one of the classics of twentieth-century philosophy. Described by Ryle as a ‘sustained piece of analytical hatchet-work’ on Cartesian dualism, The Concept of Mind is a radical and controversial attempt to jettison once and for all what Ryle called ‘the ghost in the machine’: Descartes’ argument that mind and body are two separate entities. This sixtieth anniversary edition includes a substantial commentary by Julia Tanney and is essential reading for new readers interested not only in the history of analytic philosophy but in its power to challenge major currents in philosophy of mind and language today.
The Concept of Schizophrenia
by W. F. McAuleyThe Concept of Schizophrenia considers the historical background, evolution, and genetic and environmental aspects of schizophrenia. This book is composed of eight chapters, and begins with a description of the dynamic concept of schizophrenia. The next chapters examine the role of heredity, and social and environmental conditions on human personality. The remaining chapters discuss the neurophysiology, metabolism, diagnosis, and treatment options of this condition. This book will be of value to neurologists, psychologists, psychiatrists, and general practitioners.
The Concept of Truth
by R. CampbellThis book addresses the contemporary disillusion with truth, manifest in sceptical relativism. Contending that all contemporary theories of truth are too narrow, it argues for a novel conception of truth, by showing how error is implicated in the actions of all living things; and by analyzing uses of 'true' in non-linguistic contexts.
The Conception Plan: The science-backed guide to fertility and becoming a parent
by Dr Larisa CordaThe Conception Plan is the expert, comprehensive guide to boosting your physical health and fertility.Whether you’re struggling to conceive, are considering assisted conception, want to preserve your fertility for later in life or prepare your body for a baby in the future, The Conception Plan has fully customizable options for you.It is written by leading obstetrician and gynaecologist Dr Larisa Corda, who has helped those wishing to become parents conceive through her unique programme, The Conception Plan (TCP), which blends the latest discoveries in Western medicine with the cutting-edge science of epigenetics and complementary alternative therapies. This 12-week, tried-and-tested holistic plan overhauls your health – physically, emotionally and spiritually – to give you the very best chance of getting pregnant.TCP not only increases your chances of conceiving, but also creates the optimum environment for ensuring your baby’s lifelong health through the genes it inherits; the plan can extend your fertile window into later life, and encourages healthy habits and changes that will stick with you throughout your parenting journey and beyond. The path to becoming a parent is a process of healing from your past and upgrading your habits, to birth a healthier version of yourself, as well as a child.Conception is so much more than just sperm meets egg, and this programme deconstructs various health conditions that may be affecting your chance of pregnancy, to leave you feeling empowered to take control of your own health and fertility.
Conceptions: Infertility and Procreative Technologies in India (Fertility, Reproduction and Sexuality: Social and Cultural Perspectives #34)
by Aditya BharadwajInfertility and assisted reproductive technologies in India lie at the confluence of multiple cultural conceptions. These ‘conceptions’ are key to understanding the burgeoning spread of assisted reproductive technologies and the social implications of infertility and childlessness in India. This longitudinal study is situated in a number of diverse locales which, when taken together, unravel the complex nature of infertility and assisted conception in contemporary India.
Concepts, Frames and Cascades in Semantics, Cognition and Ontology (Language, Cognition, and Mind #7)
by Thomas Gamerschlag Henk Zeevat Markus Schrenk Sebastian Löbner Tobias KalenscherThis open access book presents novel theoretical, empirical and experimental work exploring the nature of mental representations that support natural language production and understanding, and other manifestations of cognition. One fundamental question raised in the text is whether requisite knowledge structures can be adequately modeled by means of a uniform representational format, and if so, what exactly is its nature.Frames are a key topic covered which have had a strong impact on the exploration of knowledge representations in artificial intelligence, psychology and linguistics; cascades are a novel development in frame theory. Other key subject areas explored are: concepts and categorization, the experimental investigation of mental representation, as well as cognitive analysis in semantics. This book is of interest to students, researchers, and professionals working on cognition in the fields of linguistics, philosophy, and psychology.
Concepts in Action: Representation, Learning, and Application (Language, Cognition, and Mind #9)
by Lucas Bechberger Kai-Uwe Kühnberger Mingya LiuThis open access book is a timely contribution in presenting recent issues, approaches, and results that are not only central to the highly interdisciplinary field of concept research but also particularly important to newly emergent paradigms and challenges. The contributors present a unique, holistic picture for the understanding and use of concepts from a wide range of fields including cognitive science, linguistics, philosophy, psychology, artificial intelligence, and computer science. The chapters focus on three distinct points of view that lie at the core of concept research: representation, learning, and application. The contributions present a combination of theoretical, experimental, computational, and applied methods that appeal to students and researchers working in these fields.
Concepts in Law (Law and Philosophy Library #88)
by Jaap C. Hage Dietmar Von Der PfordtenDuring the last decades, legal theory has focused almost completely on norms, rules and arguments as the constitutive elements of law. Concepts were mostly neglected. The contributions to this volume try to remedy this neglect by elucidating the role concepts play in law from different perspectives. A main aim of this volume is to initiate a debate about concepts in law. Åke Frändberg gives an overview of the many different uses of concepts in law and shows amongst others that concepts in the law should not be confused with the role of concepts in descriptions of the law. Dietmar von der Pfordten criticizes the restriction to norms as parts of the law in contemporary legal theory by questioning what concepts are and what their function is, both in general and in legal conceptual schemes. Giovanni Sartor assumes the inferential analysis of meaning proposed by Alf Ross in his ground breaking paper Tû-tû and addresses the question how possession of a concept, including the rules defining it, is possible without endorsing these rules. Jaap Hage argues that 1. legal status words such as 'owner' have a meaning because they denote things or relations in institutional reality, 2. the meaning of these words consists in this denotation relation, 3. knowledge of this meaning presupposes knowledge of the rules governing these words. Torben Spaak contributes to this volume with an exemplary analysis of one of the most central concepts of the law, namely that of a legal power. Lorenz Kähler discusses the role of concepts in determining the scope of application of legal rules and raises from this perspective the question to what extent legal concept formation can be arbitrary. Ralf Poscher argues that as soon as a concept is used in stating the law, the precise scope of application of this concept has become a legal matter. This means that the use of ‘moral’ concepts in the law does not automatically lead to a moral import into the law. Dennis Patterson holds that Hart’s concept of law can be understood as a so-called ‘practice theory’ and provides an overview of such a theory.
Concepts of Health, Illness and Disease: A Comparative Perspective
by Caroline CurrerBoth health care practitioners and health planners are beginning to recognize the importance of differences between lay and professional concepts of health and illness. The editors of this volume, having themselves worked in this field for many years, have selected and brought together writings by distinguished scholars from Britain, France, the United States, Germany and Poland. What impresses most is the range of problems synthesized from a genuinely international and interdisciplinary perspective. No reader can fail to be fascinated by the often peculiar ways in which different societies have tried to cope with the existential questions of health and illness.
Concepts of Health, Illness and Disease: A Comparative Perspective
by Caroline Currer Meg StaceyBoth health care practitioners and health planners are beginning to recognize the importance of differences between lay and professional concepts of health and illness. The editors of this volume, having themselves worked in this field for many years, have selected and brought together writings by distinguished scholars from Britain, France, the United States, Germany and Poland. What impresses most is the range of problems synthesized from a genuinely international and interdisciplinary perspective. No reader can fail to be fascinated by the often peculiar ways in which different societies have tried to cope with the existential questions of health and illness.
Conceptual Flux: Mental Representation, Misrepresentation, and Concept Change (Studies in Cognitive Systems #24)
by M. PerlmanHow can one think about a thing, think something false about it, and still be thinking about that thing at all? If a concept is applied to something outside its meaning, how are we to say it does not mean that thing as well? The problem of misrepresentation is one of the central issues in contemporary philosophy of mind. Here, Mark Perlman criticizes the way all contemporary theories of mental representation seek to account for misrepresentation, concluding that it cannot be explained naturistically. Specifically, Perlman evaluates and criticizes the theories of mental content proposed by Fodor, Dretske, Millikan, Block, Harman and others, as well as examining verificationist approaches to meaning of Quine, Davidson and Stich. The book goes much further than criticism, however: Perlman formulates a naturalistic theory of representation that reluctantly accepts the unfortunate conclusion that there is no misrepresentation. He adds a pragmatic theory of content, which explains apparent misrepresentation as concept change. Mental representations can be good or bad in specific contexts and for specific purposes, but their correctness is not a matter of truth and falsity. The pragmatic approach to mental content has implications for epistemology, theories of truth, metaphysics, psychology, and AI (specifically connectionist networks). Readership: One of the most thorough examinations of mental representation and meaning holism available, this book should be read by everyone interested in the mind and how ideas can have meaning. It crosses boundaries from philosophy into psychology, linguistics, AI and cognitive science.
Conceptual Spaces: Elaborations and Applications (Synthese Library #405)
by Peter Gärdenfors Frank Zenker Mauri Kaipainen Antti HautamäkiThis edited book focuses on concepts and their applications using the theory of conceptual spaces, one of today’s most central tracks of cognitive science discourse. It features 15 papers based on topics presented at the Conceptual Spaces @ Work 2016 conference. The contributors interweave both theory and applications in their papers. Among the first mentioned are studies on metatheories, logical and systemic implications of the theory, as well as relations between concepts and language. Examples of the latter include explanatory models of paradigm shifts and evolution in science as well as dilemmas and issues of health, ethics, and education. The theory of conceptual spaces overcomes many translational issues between academic theoretization and practical applications. The paradigm is mainly associated with structural explanations, such as categorization and meronomy. However, the community has also been relating it to relations, functions, and systems. The book presents work that provides a geometric model for the representation of human conceptual knowledge that bridges the symbolic and the sub-conceptual levels of representation. The model has already proven to have a broad range of applicability beyond cognitive science and even across a number of disciplines related to concepts and representation.
Concerning The Affinity of The Living And The Dead
by Rudolf SteinerA single lecture taken from the volume Life Beyond Death.
Concise Encyclopedia of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
by Roberto Patarca MonteroAre you in touch with the latest CFS information?The Concise Encyclopedia of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome summarizes current knowledge about Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS) to help doctors and those working with CFS patients become familiar with recent developments and lessons learned about this and related fatiguing disorders. The information has been thoughtfully organized so that you will be able to easily access and become familiar with highlights of the most relevant topics.The Concise Encyclopedia of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome will bring you up-to-date on advances in cardiovascular medicine, endocrinology, epidemiology, immunology, infectious diseases, neurology, psychiatry, and psychology which have served as the basis for the formulation of new lines of research and novel therapeutic interventions for CFS. You'll find valuable information on the A-to-Z of CFS in the Concise Encyclopedia of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, including the relationships between: AIDS and fatigue brain injury and fatigue cancer and fatigue as well as: demographics of CFS interstitial cystitis MAO inhibitors neuropsychology of CFS psychosocial measures stress factors tumor necrosis factors ...and much moreComprehensive and thorough, the Concise Encyclopedia of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome highlights areas that need more research and gives you greater awareness of this widespread and growing problem. This compendium will educate and create greater CFS awareness among healthcare professionals and the general public.
Concise Encyclopedia of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
by Roberto Patarca MonteroAre you in touch with the latest CFS information?The Concise Encyclopedia of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome summarizes current knowledge about Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS) to help doctors and those working with CFS patients become familiar with recent developments and lessons learned about this and related fatiguing disorders. The information has been thoughtfully organized so that you will be able to easily access and become familiar with highlights of the most relevant topics.The Concise Encyclopedia of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome will bring you up-to-date on advances in cardiovascular medicine, endocrinology, epidemiology, immunology, infectious diseases, neurology, psychiatry, and psychology which have served as the basis for the formulation of new lines of research and novel therapeutic interventions for CFS. You'll find valuable information on the A-to-Z of CFS in the Concise Encyclopedia of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, including the relationships between: AIDS and fatigue brain injury and fatigue cancer and fatigue as well as: demographics of CFS interstitial cystitis MAO inhibitors neuropsychology of CFS psychosocial measures stress factors tumor necrosis factors ...and much moreComprehensive and thorough, the Concise Encyclopedia of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome highlights areas that need more research and gives you greater awareness of this widespread and growing problem. This compendium will educate and create greater CFS awareness among healthcare professionals and the general public.
Concise Handbook of Psychoactive Herbs: Medicinal Herbs for Treating Psychological and Neurological Problems
by Marcello SpinellaFind out how plant-derived drugs react with your brain to produce either healing or harmful results!The Concise Handbook of Psychoactive Herbs will give you a better understanding of herbal products that have psychological effects. The book explores how they work, how effective they are, and what is known about their safety. Geared towards non-specialist professionals and curious individuals, this guide shows how herbal preparations can affect the brain, mental state, and behavior of a user and includes treatment methods, tables, illustrations, a glossary, and a bibliography.The Concise Handbook of Psychoactive Herbs contains chapters on several types of psychoactive herbs, including: stimulants cognition-enhancers sedatives painkillers hallucinogensWith the Concise Handbook of Psychoactive Herbs, you&’ll examine the effects of psychoactive drugs on the nervous system-both positive and negative. Each chapter discusses a type of herbal medicine, its action on the brain and other systems of the body, side effects, and the potential for addiction. The book closely examines possible drug interactions with prescription medications and emphasizes the caution you need to take when using herbal health products.In the Concise Handbook of Psychoactive Herbs you will learn about the psychoactive actions of such medicinal plants as: coffee tobacco cannabis ginseng chamomile cocoa opium poppy peyote gingko biloba
Concise Handbook of Psychoactive Herbs: Medicinal Herbs for Treating Psychological and Neurological Problems
by Marcello SpinellaFind out how plant-derived drugs react with your brain to produce either healing or harmful results!The Concise Handbook of Psychoactive Herbs will give you a better understanding of herbal products that have psychological effects. The book explores how they work, how effective they are, and what is known about their safety. Geared towards non-specialist professionals and curious individuals, this guide shows how herbal preparations can affect the brain, mental state, and behavior of a user and includes treatment methods, tables, illustrations, a glossary, and a bibliography.The Concise Handbook of Psychoactive Herbs contains chapters on several types of psychoactive herbs, including: stimulants cognition-enhancers sedatives painkillers hallucinogensWith the Concise Handbook of Psychoactive Herbs, you&’ll examine the effects of psychoactive drugs on the nervous system-both positive and negative. Each chapter discusses a type of herbal medicine, its action on the brain and other systems of the body, side effects, and the potential for addiction. The book closely examines possible drug interactions with prescription medications and emphasizes the caution you need to take when using herbal health products.In the Concise Handbook of Psychoactive Herbs you will learn about the psychoactive actions of such medicinal plants as: coffee tobacco cannabis ginseng chamomile cocoa opium poppy peyote gingko biloba