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Medium of Instruction Policies: Which Agenda? Whose Agenda?

Medium of instruction policies in education have considerable impact not only on the school performance of students and the daily work of teachers, but also on various forms of social and economic (in)equality. In many multiethnic and multilingual countries, the choice of a language for the medium of instruction in state educational systems raises a fundamental and complex educational question: what combination of instruction in students' native language(s) and in a second language of wider communication will ensure that students gain both effective subject-content education, as well as the second-language skills necessary for higher education and employment? Beyond this educational issue of choice of language(s) of instruction, medium of instruction policies are also linked to a range of important sociopolitical issues, including globalization, migration, labor policy, elite competition, and the distribution of economic resources and political power. The contributors to this volume examine the tension between the educational agendas and other social and political agendas underlying medium of instruction policies in different countries around the world, and unravel the connections between these policies and the related, critically important educational, social, political, and economic issues. Medium of Instruction Policies: Which Agenda? Whose Agenda? is intended for scholars and specialists in education, language policy, sociolinguistics, applied linguistics, and language teaching, and is intended for use in graduate and advanced undergraduate courses on language education and language policy.

Meeting Foreignness: Foreign L (PDF)

How is Foreignness defined by language? Who has the power to define the 'foreigner' as such, on which grounds, from which positioning, for which purposes? And within such premises, which is the role of foreign languages in defining, or challenging, Foreignness? This book reflects on the concept of Foreignness from a special lens, that of foreign languages and Foreign Language Education. Advancing that the experience of foreignness that foreign languages foreground opens up to a different apprehension of the self and the others, this work shows how such experience can problematize, question, and challenge meanings, assumptions, conceptualizations and representations ordinarily taken-for-granted, a much needed reflection at times when prevailing narratives essentialize individuals and groups according to their linguacultural backgrounds. Though with a global perspective, the book also addresses the Italian context in particular: after introducing a brief historical background, it examines how 'foreignness' is addressed, portrayed, or questioned in contemporary socio-cultural and political debates, and presents practical activities to show how the foreign language can be used for intercultural purposes. An original interdisciplinary approach, combining Critical Linguistics, Foreign Language Education, Intercultural Studies, and Critical Pedagogies, together with works of literature and examples from several fields, integrates theoretical references, practices and research methodologies to take the reader within the complex and fascinating world of languages, displaying how they inform individual and collective identities and representations, and how they can both serve processes of manipulation and domination, as well as those of empowerment and emancipation. For its interdisciplinary and integrated approach, this book aims to address teachers, educators, scholars, practitioners, researchers, and students, but also those readers who are curious to know more about languages, and about how they shape our identities, our meanings and our lives.

Meetings auf Englisch für Dummies (Für Dummies)

Sie wollen oder müssen Meetings mit internationalen Geschäftspartnern organisieren und fragen sich, wie das auf Englisch aussehen sollte? »Meetings auf Englisch für Dummies« hilft Ihnen, Besprechungen in englischer Sprache erfolgreich vorzubereiten und durchzuführen und dabei Kommunikationsklippen gekonnt zu umschiffen. Lars Blöhdorn und Denise Hodgson-Möckel bieten Ihnen viele hilfreiche Hinweise, praxisorientierte Beispiele und nützliche Hintergrundinformationen, damit Ihr Meeting zum Erfolg wird.

Meister Kung Zur Geschichte der Wirkungen des Konfuzius: 185. Sitzung am 11. April 1973 in Düsseldorf (Rheinisch-Westfälische Akademie der Wissenschaften #216)

Melusi’s Everyday Zulu: There is um’Zulu in all of us

Duduza. Bopha. Imbiza. Phapha. Asixoliseni. Amapopeye . . . What is the power of a single word?Six days a week, advertising creative Melusi Tshabalala posts a Zulu word on his Everyday Zulu Facebook page and tells a story about it. His off-beat sense of humour, razor-sharp social observations and frank political commentary not only teaches his followers isiZulu but also offer insight into the world Melusi inhabits as a 21st century Zulu man.Over the past few months he has built up a big and a loyal following that include radio host Jenny Crwys-Williams and Afrikaans author Marita van der Vyfer. He pokes fun at our differences and makes us laugh at ourselves and each other.Melusi asks critical questions of everyone, from Aunty Helen, Dudu-Zille to Silili (Cyril Ramaphosa) and even Woolworths (why are their aircons always set on ‘jou moer’?) His fans love him for his honesty and commitment to pointing out subtle and overt forms of prejudice and racism.Melusi’s Everyday Zulu holds up a mirror that shows South African society in all its flaws and its sheer humanity. Most importantly, he shows the power of words and that there’s um’zulu in all of us!

Membering the Rhodesian Linguistic Agenda in Zimbabwe

Membering the Rhodesian Linguistic Agenda in Zimbabwe reports on a study carried out in Zimbabwe to ascertain the degree and effect of honouring the colonial linguistic agenda. The book employs an interpretivist philosophy and qualitative research approach that relies on participatory observations, interviewing purposively sampled informants and focus group discussions involving snowball sampled graduates. It was inspired by the Critical Language Policy Theory that considers language choice a critical determinant factor in how communities are administered politically, economically, socioculturally and educationally. It establishes that whereas linguistic imperialism meant to serve as the lifeblood of the Southern Rhodesian colonial machine, the former coloniser ensured coloniality in Zimbabwe by presenting the English language as a sacred media in political, economic, sociocultural and educational settings forever. The study establishes that the only way Zimbabwe and other such post-colonies could find redemption is by eradicating the sacredness of former colonisers’ languages by adding value to all their languages and the indigenous knowledge systems associated with them. It also demonstrates that the bigger the delay, the more is irretrievably lost together with custodians of the languages. This book will be informative for undergraduates, postgraduates and researchers in linguistics, communication, sociology, anthropology and history. It may also serve well as a resource to government researchers, politicians and other policymakers.

Membering the Rhodesian Linguistic Agenda in Zimbabwe

Membering the Rhodesian Linguistic Agenda in Zimbabwe reports on a study carried out in Zimbabwe to ascertain the degree and effect of honouring the colonial linguistic agenda. The book employs an interpretivist philosophy and qualitative research approach that relies on participatory observations, interviewing purposively sampled informants and focus group discussions involving snowball sampled graduates. It was inspired by the Critical Language Policy Theory that considers language choice a critical determinant factor in how communities are administered politically, economically, socioculturally and educationally. It establishes that whereas linguistic imperialism meant to serve as the lifeblood of the Southern Rhodesian colonial machine, the former coloniser ensured coloniality in Zimbabwe by presenting the English language as a sacred media in political, economic, sociocultural and educational settings forever. The study establishes that the only way Zimbabwe and other such post-colonies could find redemption is by eradicating the sacredness of former colonisers’ languages by adding value to all their languages and the indigenous knowledge systems associated with them. It also demonstrates that the bigger the delay, the more is irretrievably lost together with custodians of the languages. This book will be informative for undergraduates, postgraduates and researchers in linguistics, communication, sociology, anthropology and history. It may also serve well as a resource to government researchers, politicians and other policymakers.

Memory Speaks: On Losing and Reclaiming Language and Self

From an award-winning writer and linguist, a scientific and personal meditation on the phenomenon of language loss and the possibility of renewal. As a child Julie Sedivy left Czechoslovakia for Canada, and English soon took over her life. By early adulthood she spoke Czech rarely and badly, and when her father died unexpectedly, she lost not only a beloved parent but also her firmest point of connection to her native language. As Sedivy realized, more is at stake here than the loss of language: there is also the loss of identity. Language is an important part of adaptation to a new culture, and immigrants everywhere face pressure to assimilate. Recognizing this tension, Sedivy set out to understand the science of language loss and the potential for renewal. In Memory Speaks, she takes on the psychological and social world of multilingualism, exploring the human brain’s capacity to learn—and forget—languages at various stages of life. But while studies of multilingual experience provide resources for the teaching and preservation of languages, Sedivy finds that the challenges facing multilingual people are largely political. Countering the widespread view that linguistic pluralism splinters loyalties and communities, Sedivy argues that the struggle to remain connected to an ancestral language and culture is a site of common ground, as people from all backgrounds can recognize the crucial role of language in forming a sense of self. Distinctive and timely, Memory Speaks combines a rich body of psychological research with a moving story at once personal and universally resonant. As citizens debate the merits of bilingual education, as the world’s less dominant languages are driven to extinction, and as many people confront the pain of language loss, this is badly needed wisdom.

The Mende Language: Containing Useful Phrases, Elementary Grammar, Short Vocabularies, Reading Materials (Routledge Revivals)

First published in 1908, this volume emerged in the midst of the British Protectorate of Sierra Leone. The author, F.W.H. Migeod, studied the Mende nation in eastern Sierra Leone and followed the example of the grammar (1882) and vocabulary (1884) published by Dr. Schoen in using the southern form of the Mende language. Beginning with an introduction to the recent history, culture and characteristics of the Mende nation and Sierra Leone, this volume covers useful phrases, grammar, vocabulary and example reading materials including stories and songs collected from native speakers.

The Mende Language: Containing Useful Phrases, Elementary Grammar, Short Vocabularies, Reading Materials (Routledge Revivals)

First published in 1908, this volume emerged in the midst of the British Protectorate of Sierra Leone. The author, F.W.H. Migeod, studied the Mende nation in eastern Sierra Leone and followed the example of the grammar (1882) and vocabulary (1884) published by Dr. Schoen in using the southern form of the Mende language. Beginning with an introduction to the recent history, culture and characteristics of the Mende nation and Sierra Leone, this volume covers useful phrases, grammar, vocabulary and example reading materials including stories and songs collected from native speakers.

Metaphor and Iconicity: A Cognitive Approach to Analyzing Texts

Metaphor and Iconicity attempts to clarify the interplay of metaphor and iconicity in the creation and interpretation of spoken and written texts from a cognitive perspective. There are various degrees in which metaphor and iconicity manifest themselves, ranging from sound symbolism and parallelism in poetic discourse to word order, inflectional forms, and other grammatical structures in ordinary discourse. The book makes unique contributions to the study of the relationship of form and meaning.

Metaphor in Language and Culture across World Englishes (Bloomsbury Advances in World Englishes)

This book advances and broadens the scope of research on conceptual metaphor at the nexus of language and culture by exploring metaphor and figurative language as a characteristic of the many Englishes that have developed in a wide range of geographic, socio-historical and cultural settings around the world.In line with the interdisciplinary breadth of this endeavour, the contributions are grounded in Cognitive (Socio)Linguistics, Conceptual Metaphor Theory, and Cultural Linguistics. Drawing on different research methodologies, including corpus linguistics, elicitation techniques, and interviews, chapters analyse a variety of naturalistic data and text types, such as online language, narratives, political speeches and literary works. Examining both the cultural conceptualisations underlying the use of figurative language and the linguistic-cultural specificity of metaphor and its variation, the studies are presented in contexts of both language contact and second language usage. Adding to the debate on the interplay of universal and culture-specific grounding of conceptual metaphor, Metaphor in Language and Culture across World Englishes advances research in a previously neglected sphere of study in the field of World Englishes.

Metaphor in Language and Culture across World Englishes (Bloomsbury Advances in World Englishes)

This book advances and broadens the scope of research on conceptual metaphor at the nexus of language and culture by exploring metaphor and figurative language as a characteristic of the many Englishes that have developed in a wide range of geographic, socio-historical and cultural settings around the world.In line with the interdisciplinary breadth of this endeavour, the contributions are grounded in Cognitive (Socio)Linguistics, Conceptual Metaphor Theory, and Cultural Linguistics. Drawing on different research methodologies, including corpus linguistics, elicitation techniques, and interviews, chapters analyse a variety of naturalistic data and text types, such as online language, narratives, political speeches and literary works. Examining both the cultural conceptualisations underlying the use of figurative language and the linguistic-cultural specificity of metaphor and its variation, the studies are presented in contexts of both language contact and second language usage. Adding to the debate on the interplay of universal and culture-specific grounding of conceptual metaphor, Metaphor in Language and Culture across World Englishes advances research in a previously neglected sphere of study in the field of World Englishes.

Method, Substance, and the Future of African Philosophy

This book takes stock of the strides made to date in African philosophy. Authors focus on four important aspects of African philosophy: the history, methodological debates, substantive issues in the field, and direction for the future. By collating this anthology, Edwin E. Etieyibo excavates both current and primordial knowledge in African philosophy, enhancing the development of this growing field.

Method, Substance, and the Future of African Philosophy

This book takes stock of the strides made to date in African philosophy. Authors focus on four important aspects of African philosophy: the history, methodological debates, substantive issues in the field, and direction for the future. By collating this anthology, Edwin E. Etieyibo excavates both current and primordial knowledge in African philosophy, enhancing the development of this growing field.

Metrik, Literatur und Sprache: Generative Grammatik zwischen Empirischer Literaturwissenschaft und generativer Phonologie (Konzeption Empirische Literaturwissenschaft #12)

Metrische Studien: IV. Die Altschwedischen Upplandslagh Nebst Proben Formverwandter Germanischer Sagdichtung (Abhandlungen der Sächsischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig #35)

Dieser Buchtitel ist Teil des Digitalisierungsprojekts Springer Book Archives mit Publikationen, die seit den Anfängen des Verlags von 1842 erschienen sind. Der Verlag stellt mit diesem Archiv Quellen für die historische wie auch die disziplingeschichtliche Forschung zur Verfügung, die jeweils im historischen Kontext betrachtet werden müssen. Dieser Titel erschien in der Zeit vor 1945 und wird daher in seiner zeittypischen politisch-ideologischen Ausrichtung vom Verlag nicht beworben.

Metro 1: pupil book (Euro edition)

The Métro pupil books offer a lively, communicative approach, underpinned by a clear grammatical foundation. The books develop pupils' use and understanding of French by providing straightforward explanations of the way the language works, alongside motivating, stepped activities.

Metro 1: pupil book (Euro edition) (PDF, 14pt)

The Métro pupil books offer a lively, communicative approach, underpinned by a clear grammatical foundation. The books develop pupils' use and understanding of French by providing straightforward explanations of the way the language works, alongside motivating, stepped activities.

Metro 2: Euro Edition (PDF)

The Metro pupil books offer a lively, communicative approach, underpinned by a clear grammatical foundation. The books develop pupils' use and understanding of French by providing straightforward explanations of the way the language works, alongside motivating, stepped activities. There are two versions of Metro for Years 8 and 9 -- one for the upper end of the ability range (Rouge) and one for the lower end (Vert). These are parallel in content, so that pupils can move between sets, but at different levels of difficulty.

Metro 2, Rouge: Higher pupil book

This pupil's book helps to develop use and understanding of French for all pupils in Year 8 and 9. Activities build students' confidence, grammar is clearly explained, two-page units show what is required of students, and instructions in French encourage pupils to work in the target language.

Metro 2, Rouge: Higher pupil book

This pupil's book helps to develop use and understanding of French for all pupils in Year 8 and 9. Activities build students' confidence, grammar is clearly explained, two-page units show what is required of students, and instructions in French encourage pupils to work in the target language.

Metro 2, Rouge: Higher pupil book (PDF)

This pupil's book helps to develop use and understanding of French for all pupils in Year 8 and 9. Activities build students' confidence, grammar is clearly explained, two-page units show what is required of students, and instructions in French encourage pupils to work in the target language.

Metro 3, Rouge: Higher pupil book

Métro is lively new French course which has a topic based approach combined with clear grammatical progression. Offering plenty of enjoyable and motivating activities Métro caters for a wide ability range at Key Stages 3 and 4. Fully differentiated at each level; Lively communicative approach; Integrated grammar explanations and practice; Opportunities for assessment throughout including end-of-module tests; Independent reading and writing section; Comprehensive vocabulary lists. Module 1: L'HexagoneModule 2: J'arriveModule 3: Programme de la visite!Module 4: La forme!Module 5: La mode!Module 6: En plein dans l'actu.

Metro 3, Rouge: Higher pupil book

Métro is lively new French course which has a topic based approach combined with clear grammatical progression. Offering plenty of enjoyable and motivating activities Métro caters for a wide ability range at Key Stages 3 and 4. Fully differentiated at each level; Lively communicative approach; Integrated grammar explanations and practice; Opportunities for assessment throughout including end-of-module tests; Independent reading and writing section; Comprehensive vocabulary lists. Module 1: L'HexagoneModule 2: J'arriveModule 3: Programme de la visite!Module 4: La forme!Module 5: La mode!Module 6: En plein dans l'actu.