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Viability and Resilience of Complex Systems: Concepts, Methods and Case Studies from Ecology and Society (Understanding Complex Systems)
by Guillaume Deffuant and Nigel GilbertOne common characteristics of a complex system is its ability to withstand major disturbances and the capacity to rebuild itself. Understanding how such systems demonstrate resilience by absorbing or recovering from major external perturbations requires both quantitative foundations and a multidisciplinary view on the topic.This book demonstrates how new methods can be used to identify the actions favouring the recovery from perturbations. Examples discussed include bacterial biofilms resisting detachment, grassland savannahs recovering from fire, the dynamics of language competition and Internet social networking sites overcoming vandalism.The reader is taken through an introduction to the idea of resilience and viability and shown the mathematical basis of the techniques used to analyse systems. The idea of individual or agent-based modelling of complex systems is introduced and related to analytically tractable approximations of such models. A set of case studies illustrates the use of the techniques in real applications, and the final section describes how one can use new and elaborate software tools for carrying out the necessary calculations.The book is intended for a general scientific audience of readers from the natural and social sciences, yet requires some mathematics to gain a full understanding of the more theoretical chapters.It is an essential point of reference for those interested in the practical application of the concepts of resilience and viability
Viability and Sustainability of Small-Scale Fisheries in Latin America and The Caribbean (MARE Publication Series #19)
by Silvia Salas María José Barragán-Paladines Ratana ChuenpagdeeOne of the main goals in fisheries governance is to promote viability and sustainability in small-scale fishing communities. This is not an easy task given external and internal pressure, including environmental change and competition with other economic sectors searching for development in the coastal region. A comprehensive understanding of small-scale fisheries in their own context, and from a regional perspective, is an important step in supporting the implementation of the Voluntary Guidelines on Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries (SSF Guidelines). This book contributes to the global effort by offering knowledge, insights and lessons about small-scale fisheries in Latin America and the Caribbean. The 20 case studies included in the book make explicit the various dimensions that are intrinsic to small-scale fisheries in the region, and identify conditions and situations that affect the wellbeing of fishing communities. The book offers insights regarding the challenges faced by small-scale fisheries in the region, and, aligning with the objectives of the SSF Guidelines, provides lessons and experiences about how to make small-scale fishing communities viable while maintaining sustainable fisheries. This important book illustrates the complexity, diversity, and dynamics of small-scale fisheries in the Latin American and Caribbean region and presents experiences, tools, and approaches to lead towards sustainable and viable fisheries. The reader will gain a new understanding on the range of actions, approaches, and information needed for their successful management. John F. Caddy, International Fisheries ExpertThis book, prepared by the Too Big To Ignore partnership, constitutes a very valuable resource for policy makers, fisheries scientists, non-governmental organizations, civil society organizations, and fishing communities interested in putting in place sound management strategies, research, and actions to contribute to the sustainability of small-scale fisheries and food security in Latin America and the Caribbean region. Juan Carlos Seijo, Professor of Fisheries Bioeconomics at Marist University of Merida
Vibration Analysis of Functionally Graded Piezoelectric Actuators (SpringerBriefs in Applied Sciences and Technology)
by Pankaj SharmaThis book presents a detailed study on the vibration analysis of functionally graded piezoelectric actuators excited under the shear effect. Two types of actuator geometries viz. beam and annular plate are considered, where the material properties are assumed to have a continuous variation in accordance with a power law distribution. The generalized differential quadrature method is used to obtain the solutions, and is compared to exact analytical results. The methodology reported and the numerical results presented will be useful for the design of devices utilizing functionally graded piezoelectric actuators under the influence of shear.
Vibration and Coupling of Continuous Systems: Asymptotic Methods
by Jacqueline Sanchez HubertReal problems concerning vibrations of elastic structures are among the most fascinating topics in mathematical and physical research as well as in applications in the engineering sciences. This book addresses the student familiar with the elementary mechanics of continua along with specialists. The authors start with an outline of the basic methods and lead the reader to research problems of current interest. An exposition of the method of spectra, asymptotic methods and perturbation is followed by applications to linear problems where elastic structures are coupled to fluids in bounded and unbounded domains, to radiation of immersed bodies, to local vibrations, to thermal effects and many more.
Vibration Engineering: Modeling, Simulation, Experimentation, and Applications
by Nitesh P. Yelve Susmita NaskarVibration Engineering presents recent developments in the field of engineering, encompassing industrial norms, applications within the finite element method, infrastructure safety assessment, and active vibration control strategies. It offers a study in seismic vibration control and analysis for building structures and liquid storage tanks.Spanning across the multiple domains of vibration engineering, the book highlights machinery diagnostics, modal analysis, energy harvesting, balancing, vibration isolation, and human-vibration interaction. It discusses experimental fault identification in journal bearings using vibration-based methods. This book also considers advances in vibration-based structural health monitoring of civil infrastructures.This book will be a useful reference for industry professionals and engineers facing challenges while dealing with the vibrations in the fields of mechanical, aerospace, structural, and civil engineering.
Vibration Engineering: Modeling, Simulation, Experimentation, and Applications
Vibration Engineering presents recent developments in the field of engineering, encompassing industrial norms, applications within the finite element method, infrastructure safety assessment, and active vibration control strategies. It offers a study in seismic vibration control and analysis for building structures and liquid storage tanks.Spanning across the multiple domains of vibration engineering, the book highlights machinery diagnostics, modal analysis, energy harvesting, balancing, vibration isolation, and human-vibration interaction. It discusses experimental fault identification in journal bearings using vibration-based methods. This book also considers advances in vibration-based structural health monitoring of civil infrastructures.This book will be a useful reference for industry professionals and engineers facing challenges while dealing with the vibrations in the fields of mechanical, aerospace, structural, and civil engineering.
Vibration Mitigation Systems in Structural Engineering
by Okyay AltayThe scope of the book is the application of vibration mitigation systems in structural engineering. The intended content includes the theoretical background covering aspects from both structural dynamics and control engineering point of view. Moreover, passive, active and semi-active devices are explained in detail giving mathematical principles, design considerations and application examples. It also contains detailed information about structural monitoring, as an essential part of the active/semi-active systems, and therefore, provide a full overview about passive, active and semi-active systems in the specific context of civil engineering Book presents a comprehensive coverage of the area of vibration control of civil structures subjected to different types of loading while using passive, semi-active, and/or active controls. Presents the theoretical governing equations as well as the associated design guides of various vibration control mitigation approaches. Discusses structural monitoring aspects such as sensor technology, system identification and signal processing topics. Reviews structural control aspects, such as algorithms. Includes solved examples utilizing MATLAB®/SIMULINK® with source codes of the calculation examples and design tool set. This book is aimed at graduate students, professionals, researchers in civil engineering, structural engineering, structural dynamics, health monitoring, vibration control.
Vibration Mitigation Systems in Structural Engineering
by Okyay AltayThe scope of the book is the application of vibration mitigation systems in structural engineering. The intended content includes the theoretical background covering aspects from both structural dynamics and control engineering point of view. Moreover, passive, active and semi-active devices are explained in detail giving mathematical principles, design considerations and application examples. It also contains detailed information about structural monitoring, as an essential part of the active/semi-active systems, and therefore, provide a full overview about passive, active and semi-active systems in the specific context of civil engineering Book presents a comprehensive coverage of the area of vibration control of civil structures subjected to different types of loading while using passive, semi-active, and/or active controls. Presents the theoretical governing equations as well as the associated design guides of various vibration control mitigation approaches. Discusses structural monitoring aspects such as sensor technology, system identification and signal processing topics. Reviews structural control aspects, such as algorithms. Includes solved examples utilizing MATLAB®/SIMULINK® with source codes of the calculation examples and design tool set. This book is aimed at graduate students, professionals, researchers in civil engineering, structural engineering, structural dynamics, health monitoring, vibration control.
Vibration of Strongly Nonlinear Discontinuous Systems (Foundations of Engineering Mechanics)
by V.I. Babitsky V.L. KrupeninThis monograph addresses the systematic representation of the methods of analysis developed by the authors as applied to such systems. Particular features of dynamic processes in such systems are studied. Special attention is given to an analysis of different resonant phenomena taking unusual and diverse forms.
Vibration Problems ICOVP 2007: Eighth International Conference, 01-03 February 2007, Shibpur, India (Springer Proceedings in Physics #126)
by Esin Inan D. Sengupta M. M. Banerjee Basudev Mukhopadhyay Hilmi DemirayVibration problems dealing with advanced Mathematical and Numerical Techniques have extensive application in a wide class of problems in ae- nautics, aerodynamics, space science and technology, off-shore engineering and in the design of different structural components of high speed space crafts and nuclear reactors. Different classes of vibration problems dealing with complex geometries and non-linear behaviour require careful attention of scientists and engineers in pursuit of their research activities. Almost all fields of Engineering, Science and Technology, ranging from small domestic building subjected to earthquake and cyclone to the space craft venturing towards different planets, from giant ship to human skeleton, encounter problems of vibration and dynamic loading. This being truly an interdisciplinary field, where the mathematicians, phy- cists and engineers could interface their innovative ideas and creative thoughts to arrive at an appropriate solution, Bengal Engineering and Science University, Shibpur, India, a premier institution for education and research in engineering, science and technology felt it appropriate to organize 8th International C- ference on “Vibration Problems (ICOVP-2007)” as a part of its sesquicentenary celebration. The conference created a platform and all aspects of vibration phenomenon with the focus on the state-of-the art in theoretical, experimental and applied research areas were addressed and the scientific interaction, p- ticipated by a large gathering including eminent personalities and young research workers, generated many research areas and innovative ideas.
Vibration Problems ICOVP 2011: The 10th International Conference on Vibration Problems (Springer Proceedings in Physics #139)
by Jiří Náprstek, Jaromír Horáček, Miloslav Okrouhlík, Bohdana Marvalová, Ferdinand Verhulst and Jerzy T. T. SawickiThis volume presents the Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Vibration Problems, 2011, Prague, Czech Republic. ICOVP 2011 brings together again scientists from different backgrounds who are actively working on vibration-related problems of engineering both in theoretical and applied fields, thus facilitating a lively exchange of ideas, methods and results between the many different research areas. The aim is that reciprocal intellectual fertilization will take place and ensure a broad interdisciplinary research field. The topics, indeed, cover a wide variety of vibration-related subjects, from wave problems in solid mechanics to vibration problems related to biomechanics. The first ICOVP conference was held in 1990 at A.C. College, Jalpaiguri, India, under the co-chairmanship of Professor M.M. Banerjee and Professor P. Biswas. Since then it has been held every 2 years at various venues across the World.
Vibrational (Springer Mineralogy)
by Nikita V. Chukanov Marina F. VigasinaThe book presents new data on the IR spectra of minerals and on the Raman spectra of more than 2000 mineral species. It also includes examples of IR spectroscopy applications to investigate minerals, and discusses the most important potential applications of Raman spectroscopy in mineralogical research. The book serves as a reference resource and a methodological guide for mineralogists, petrologists and technologists working in the field of inorganic materials.
Vibrational Properties of Defective Oxides and 2D Nanolattices: Insights from First-Principles Simulations (Springer Theses)
by Emilio ScaliseGe and III–V compounds, semiconductors with high carrier mobilities, are candidates to replace Si as the channel in MOS devices. 2D materials – like graphene and MoS_2 – are also envisioned to replace Si in the future.This thesis is devoted to the first-principles modeling of the vibrational properties of these novel channel materials.The first part of the thesis focuses on the vibrational properties of various oxides on Ge, making it possible to identify the vibrational signature of specific defects which could hamper the proper functioning of MOSFETs.The second part of the thesis reports on the electronic and vibrational properties of novel 2D materials like silicene and germanene, the Si and Ge 2D counterparts of graphene. The interaction of these 2D materials with metallic and non-metallic substrates is investigated. It was predicted, for the first time, and later experimentally confirmed, that silicene could be grown on a non-metallic template like MoS_2, a breakthrough that could open the door to the possible use of silicene in future nanoelectronic devices.
Vibrational-Rotational Excitations in Nonlinear Molecular Systems
by Alexander A. Ovchinnikov Nikolai S. Erikhman Kirill A. Pronin"If there would be no God ~ then what a staff-captain am I?" ~ said one of the characters in a novel by Dostoevskii. In a similar way we can exclaim: "If there would be no nonlinearity ~ than what physics would that be'?". Really, the most interesting and exciting effects are described by non linear equations, and vanish in the linear approximation. For example, the general theory of relativity by A.Einstein comes to mind first - one of the most beautiful physical theories, which is in fact essentially nonlinear. Next, the phase transitions crystal ~ liquid and liquid ~ gas are due to the anhar monicity of inter-particle interactions, to dissociation and infinite motion. Similarly, transitions into the superconducting state or the superftuid would be impossible with purely harmonic interaction potentials. Another bril liant achievement in nonlinear physics was the construction of a laser and the subsequent development of nonlinear optics. The latter describes the in teraction of the matter with light of super-high intensity, when multi-quanta intra-molecular transitions become essential. Last, we should note here the very beautiful mathematical theory ~ the theory of catastrophes. Its subject is the study of invariant general properties of multi-dimensional surfaces in the vicinity of bifurcation points with respect to continuous transformations.
Vibro-Impact Dynamics of Ocean Systems and Related Problems (Lecture Notes in Applied and Computational Mechanics #44)
by Raouf A. Ibrahim V. I. Babitsky Masaaki OkumaThe aim of this International Symposium on Dynamics of Vibro-Impact Systems is to provide a forum for the discussion of recent developments in the theory and industrial applications of vibro-impact ocean systems. A special effort has been made to invite active researchers from engineering, science, and applied mathematics communities. This symposium has indeed updated engineers with recent analytical developments of vibro-impact dynamics and at the same time allowed engineers and industrial practitioners to alert mathematicians with their unresolved issues. The symposium was held in Troy, Michigan, during the period October 1-3, 2008. It included 28 presentations grouped as follows: The first group comprises of nine papers dealing with the interaction of ocean systems with slamming waves and floating ice. It also covers related topics such as sloshing-slamming dynamics, and non-smooth dynamics associated with offshore structures. Moreover, it includes control issues pertaining to marine surface vessels. The second group consists of fifteen papers treats the interaction of impact systems with friction and their control, Hertzian contact dynamics, parameter variation in vibro-impact oscillators, random excitation of vibro-impact systems, vibro-impact dampers, oscillators with a bouncing ball, limiting phase trajectory corresponding to energy exchange between the oscillator and external source, frequency-energy distribution in oscillators with impacts, and discontinuity mapping. The third group is covered in four papers and addresses some industrial applications such as hand-held percussion machines, rub-impact dynamics of rotating machinery, impact fatigue in joint structures.
Victims of the Environment: Loss from Natural Hazards in the United States, 1970–1980
by James D. Wright Peter H. Rossi Joseph A. Pereira Eleanor Weber-BurdinThe research reported in this volume was designed to provide estimates of the extent of damages and injuries from certain natu ral hazards inflicted on households in the United States. In addi tion, it reports on sources of aid proffered to households and the extent to which there are differences among households in the receipt of help. This volume represents the latest installment in a series of monographs stemming from the Social and Demographic Re search Institute's (SADRI) program of research on the effects of natural hazard events in the United States. The first volume in our series (Wright, Rossi, Wright, & Weber-Burdin, 1979) reported on the long-range effects of natural hazards on the population and housing stocks of neighborhoods and communities. The second volume (Rossi et aI. , 1982) assessed the support for hazard mitiga tion policies existing among local and state political elites in a sample of states and local communities in the United States. The main findings of these two monographs can be summarized as follows. First, long-range effects (up to 10 years postevent) of nat ural hazard events are minimal: Local communities and neighbor hoods that have been impacted by floods, tornadoes, or hurricanes appear to be no different in their population and housing growth patterns over the period 1960 to 1970 than comparable commu nities that went unscathed. Apparently, household and communi ty resources plus outside aid were sufficient ordinarily to restore impacted areas to normal growth patterns.
The Vicuña: The Theory and Practice of Community Based Wildlife Management
by Kristi Anne Stølen Mariela Borgnia Verónica Benítez Jane C. Wheeler Hugo Yacobaccio Jerry Laker Renaudeau d' Arc Nadine Cristian Bonacic Marcelo Cassini Gabriela Lichtenstein Yanina Arzamendia Pete Goddard Bibiana Vilá Jessica Gimpel Ana Wawrzyk Javier García Gomez Desmond McNeillThings have changed. In 1969 when the Convention for the Conservation of the Vicuña was drafted, in an attempt to save the vicuña from its tumbling decline towards extinction, both the science and the philosophy of wildlife conservation were radically different. It is thus a tribute to the prescience of those involved at the time that the rescue plan had, even through the harsh lens of hindsight, a d- tinctly Twenty First Century flavour. After all, it was predicated on the expectation that if vicuña could be saved, they would one day become a valued asset, generating revenue for the human communities that fostered their survival. Embodied in this aspiration are the main structures of modern biodiversity conservation – not only is it to be underpinned by science, but that science should be of both the natural and the social genres, woven into inter-disciplinarity, and thereby taking heed of e- nomics, governance, ownership and the like, alongside biology. In addition, it should include, as a major strut, the human dimension, taking account of the affected constituencies with their varied stakes in alternative outcomes. This c- temporary framework for thinking about biodiversity conservation is inseparable from such wider, and inherently political, notions as community-based conser- tion and ultimately sustainable use.
Vielteilchendynamik in der inertialen Mikrofluidik: Eine Simulationsstudie unter Verwendung der Lattice-Boltzmann-Methode (BestMasters)
by Felix RühleMithilfe von Computersimulationen untersucht Felix Rühle die Dynamik von Teilchenkollektiven, speziell von Paaren, unter der Voraussetzung mittlerer Reynoldszahlen, bei denen ein laminarer Fluss seine kinematische Reversibilität verliert und Trägheitseffekte wie die laterale Migration von Kolloiden in Mikrokanälen auftreten. Er beobachtet dabei eine Überlagerung von inertialen und viskosen Effekten und stellt fest, dass für mehr als ein Teilchen nicht nur laterale, sondern auch axiale Selbstorganisation auftritt.
A View of the Sea: A Discussion between a Chief Engineer and an Oceanographer about the Machinery of the Ocean Circulation (PDF)
by Henry M. StommelThe description for this book, A View of the Sea: A Discussion between a Chief Engineer and an Oceanographer about the Machinery of the Ocean Circulation, will be forthcoming.
A View of the Sea: A Discussion between a Chief Engineer and an Oceanographer about the Machinery of the Ocean Circulation
by Henry M. StommelThe description for this book, A View of the Sea: A Discussion between a Chief Engineer and an Oceanographer about the Machinery of the Ocean Circulation, will be forthcoming.
Views of the Cordilleras and Monuments of the Indigenous Peoples of the Americas: A Critical Edition (Alexander von Humboldt in English)
by Alexander von Humboldt Alexander von Humboldt J. Ryan Poynter Giorleny D Altamirano Rayo Tobias KraftIn 1799, Alexander von Humboldt and Aimé Bonpland set out to determine whether the Orinoco River connected with the Amazon. But what started as a trip to investigate a relatively minor geographical controversy became the basis of a five-year exploration throughout South America, Mexico, and Cuba. The discoveries amassed by Humboldt and Bonpland were staggering, and much of today’s knowledge of tropical zoology, botany, geography, and geology can be traced back to Humboldt’s numerous records of these expeditions. One of these accounts, Views of the Cordilleras and Monuments of the Indigenous Peoples of the Americas, firmly established Alexander von Humboldt as the founder of Mesoamerican studies. In Views of the Cordilleras—first published in French between 1810 and 1813—Humboldt weaves together magnificently engraved drawings and detailed texts to achieve multifaceted views of cultures and landscapes across the Americas. In doing so, he offers an alternative perspective on the New World, combating presumptions of its belatedness and inferiority by arguing that the “old” and the “new” world are of the same geological age. This critical edition of Views of the Cordilleras—the second volume in the Alexander von Humboldt in English series—contains a new, unabridged English translation of Humboldt’s French text, as well as annotations, a bibliography, and all sixty-nine plates from the original edition, many of them in color.
Views of the Cordilleras and Monuments of the Indigenous Peoples of the Americas: A Critical Edition (Alexander von Humboldt in English)
by Alexander von Humboldt Alexander von Humboldt J. Ryan Poynter Giorleny D Altamirano Rayo Tobias KraftIn 1799, Alexander von Humboldt and Aimé Bonpland set out to determine whether the Orinoco River connected with the Amazon. But what started as a trip to investigate a relatively minor geographical controversy became the basis of a five-year exploration throughout South America, Mexico, and Cuba. The discoveries amassed by Humboldt and Bonpland were staggering, and much of today’s knowledge of tropical zoology, botany, geography, and geology can be traced back to Humboldt’s numerous records of these expeditions. One of these accounts, Views of the Cordilleras and Monuments of the Indigenous Peoples of the Americas, firmly established Alexander von Humboldt as the founder of Mesoamerican studies. In Views of the Cordilleras—first published in French between 1810 and 1813—Humboldt weaves together magnificently engraved drawings and detailed texts to achieve multifaceted views of cultures and landscapes across the Americas. In doing so, he offers an alternative perspective on the New World, combating presumptions of its belatedness and inferiority by arguing that the “old” and the “new” world are of the same geological age. This critical edition of Views of the Cordilleras—the second volume in the Alexander von Humboldt in English series—contains a new, unabridged English translation of Humboldt’s French text, as well as annotations, a bibliography, and all sixty-nine plates from the original edition, many of them in color.
Views on Microstructures in Granular Materials (Advances in Mechanics and Mathematics #44)
by Pasquale Giovine Paolo Maria Mariano Giuseppe MortaraThis contributed volume provides an up-to-date overview of the mechanics of granular materials, ranging from sparse media to soils. With chapters exploring state-of-the-art theoretical, experimental, and applied trends in the study of granular matter in various states, readers will be motivated to learn about the current challenges and potential avenues of exploration in this active area of research. Including a variety of perspectives, this volume will be a valuable reference for audiences in a number of fields. Specific topics covered include:X-ray tomography techniques for analyzing sandEvaluation of effective stress in unsaturated soilsHyper-plasticityWave propagation in granular systemsPartly saturated porous mediaMulti-scale approaches to the dynamics of sparse mediaViews on Microstructures in Granular Materials is an ideal resource for PhD students and researchers in applied mathematics, solid-state physics, civil engineering, and mechanical engineering.
VII Hotine-Marussi Symposium on Mathematical Geodesy: Proceedings of the Symposium in Rome, 6-10 June, 2009 (International Association of Geodesy Symposia #137)
by Nico Sneeuw, Pavel Novák, Mattia Crespi and Fernando SansòThe Hotine-Marussi Symposium is the core meeting of a “think thank”, a group scientists in the geodetic environment working on theoretical and methodological subjects, while maintaining the foundations of geodesy to the proper level by corresponding to the strong advancements improved by technological development in the field of ICT, electronic computing, space technology, new measurement devices etc. The proceedings of the symposium cover a broad area of arguments which integrate the foundations of geodesy as a science. The common feature of the papers therefore is not on the object, but rather in the high mathematical standards with which subjects are treated.
VIII Hotine-Marussi Symposium on Mathematical Geodesy: Proceedings of the Symposium in Rome, 17-21 June, 2013 (International Association of Geodesy Symposia #142)
by Nico Sneeuw Pavel Novák Mattia Crespi Fernando SansòThis book contains a selection of peer-reviewed papers presented at the VIII Hotine-Marussi Symposium on Mathematical Geodesy in Rome, 17-21 June, 2013. The scientific sessions focused on global reference systems, geodetic data analysis, geopotential modelling, gravity field mapping as well as digital terrain modelling. A special chapter is dedicated to understand the generation of Flash.