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Artificial Intelligence & Blockchain in Cyber Physical Systems: Technologies & Applications
This book explores the intersection of blockchain technology, artificial intelligence (AI) and cyber physical systems (CPS). It discusses how these technologies can be integrated to create secure and efficient CPS solutions. The book covers various topics, including the basics of blockchain and AI, their applications in CPS and the challenges of integrating these technologies. It also explores real-world examples of how blockchain and AI are used in CPS, such as smart cities, transportation systems and healthcare. The authors delve into the technical aspects of how blockchain and AI can be used together to enhance CPS security, data privacy and interoperability. They also discuss the potential benefits and limitations of these technologies and provide insights into the future of CPS. Overall, this book provides a comprehensive overview of the use of blockchain and AI in CPS, making it a valuable resource for researchers, professionals and students in the fields of computer science, engineering and cybersecurity.
Artificial Intelligence Business: Expert tips and techniques for how to profit from AI
by Przemek ChojeckiThe concise guide to artificial intelligence for business people and commercially oriented data scientistsKey FeaturesFind out how artificial intelligence is shaping the future of businessesDiscover how AI influences the society and its politics and economyExplore the future of AI and its applicationsBook DescriptionWe're living in revolutionary times. Artificial intelligence is changing how the world operates and it determines how smooth certain processes are.For instance, when you go on a holiday, multiple services allow you to find the most convenient flights and the best hotels, you get personalized suggestions on what you might want to see, and you go to the airport via one of the ride-sharing apps. At each of these steps, AI algorithms are at work for your convenience. This book will guide you through everything, from what AI is to how it influences our economy and society.The book starts with an introduction to artificial intelligence and machine learning, and explains the importance of AI in the modern world. You'll explore how start-ups make key decisions with AI and how AI plays a major role in boosting businesses. Next, you'll find out how media companies use image generation techniques to create engaging content. As you progress, you'll explore how text generation and AI chatbot models simplify our daily lives. Toward the end, you'll understand the importance of AI in the education and healthcare sectors, and realize the risks associated with AI and how we can leverage AI effectively to help us in the future.By the end of this book, you'll have learned how machine learning works and have a solid understanding of the recent business applications of AI.What you will learnFind out how AI helps in building innovative cultures in enterprisesUnderstand how AI boosts start-upsDiscover modern AI trends in the field of manufacturing and logisticsExplore the benefits of text and image generation applicationsStudy popular machine learning trends and their usageUncover the uses of AI in politics and societyWho this book is forThis book is for artificial intelligence enthusiasts or anyone with a business background who wants to learn how AI can scale up businesses.
Artificial Intelligence, Business and Civilization: Our Fate Made in Machines (Routledge Focus on Business and Management)
by Andreas KaplanArtificial intelligence is shaking up economies around the world as well as society at large and is predicted to be either the best or worst thing to happen to humanity. This book looks at what exactly artificial intelligence is, how it can be classified, how it differentiates from other concepts such as machine learning, big data, blockchain, or the Internet-of-Things, and how it has evolved and might evolve over time. Providing a clear and unbiased picture of artificial intelligence, the book provides critical analyses of the advantages and disadvantages, opportunities and threats of AI progress for business and civilisation. Solutions and possible directions of how humanity might deal with rapid development and evolutions will be given and discussed, and consider regulation, employment, ethics, education and international cooperation. Unlike existing literature, this book provides a comprehensive overview of AI based on detailed analysis and insight. Finally, several real-life examples from various sectors and industries, including for profit organizations, higher education, and government, will substantiate and illustrate the presented concepts, classifications, and discussions. This book is of interest to researchers, educators, students, and practitioners alike who desire to understand AI in its broad lines and discover the latest research and studies within the field.
Artificial Intelligence, Business and Civilization: Our Fate Made in Machines (Routledge Focus on Business and Management)
by Andreas KaplanArtificial intelligence is shaking up economies around the world as well as society at large and is predicted to be either the best or worst thing to happen to humanity. This book looks at what exactly artificial intelligence is, how it can be classified, how it differentiates from other concepts such as machine learning, big data, blockchain, or the Internet-of-Things, and how it has evolved and might evolve over time. Providing a clear and unbiased picture of artificial intelligence, the book provides critical analyses of the advantages and disadvantages, opportunities and threats of AI progress for business and civilisation. Solutions and possible directions of how humanity might deal with rapid development and evolutions will be given and discussed, and consider regulation, employment, ethics, education and international cooperation. Unlike existing literature, this book provides a comprehensive overview of AI based on detailed analysis and insight. Finally, several real-life examples from various sectors and industries, including for profit organizations, higher education, and government, will substantiate and illustrate the presented concepts, classifications, and discussions. This book is of interest to researchers, educators, students, and practitioners alike who desire to understand AI in its broad lines and discover the latest research and studies within the field.
Artificial Intelligence By Example: Develop machine intelligence from scratch using real artificial intelligence use cases
by Denis RothmanBe an adaptive thinker that leads the way to Artificial IntelligenceAbout This BookAI-based examples to guide you in designing and implementing machine intelligenceDevelop your own method for future AI solutionsAcquire advanced AI, machine learning, and deep learning design skillsWho This Book Is ForArtificial Intelligence by Example is a simple, explanatory, and descriptive guide for junior developers, experienced developers, technology consultants, and those interested in AI who want to understand the fundamentals of Artificial Intelligence and implement it practically by devising smart solutions. Prior experience with Python and statistical knowledge is essential to make the most out of this book.What You Will LearnUse adaptive thinking to solve real-life AI case studiesRise beyond being a modern-day factory code workerAcquire advanced AI, machine learning, and deep learning designing skillsLearn about cognitive NLP chatbots, quantum computing, and IoT and blockchain technologyUnderstand future AI solutions and adapt quickly to themDevelop out-of-the-box thinking to face any challenge the market presentsIn DetailArtificial Intelligence has the potential to replicate humans in every field. This book serves as a starting point for you to understand how AI is built, with the help of intriguing examples and case studies.Artificial Intelligence By Example will make you an adaptive thinker and help you apply concepts to real-life scenarios. Using some of the most interesting AI examples, right from a simple chess engine to a cognitive chatbot, you will learn how to tackle the machine you are competing with. You will study some of the most advanced machine learning models, understand how to apply AI to blockchain and IoT, and develop emotional quotient in chatbots using neural networks.You will move on to designing AI solutions in a simple manner rather than get confused by complex architectures and techniques. This comprehensive guide will be a starter kit for you to develop AI applications on your own.By the end of this book, will have understood the fundamentals of AI and worked through a number of case studies that will help you develop business vision.Style and approachAn easy-to-follow step by step guide which will help you get to grips with real world application of Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence By Example: Develop machine intelligence from scratch using real artificial intelligence use cases
by Denis RothmanBe an adaptive thinker that leads the way to Artificial IntelligenceAbout This BookAI-based examples to guide you in designing and implementing machine intelligenceDevelop your own method for future AI solutionsAcquire advanced AI, machine learning, and deep learning design skillsWho This Book Is ForArtificial Intelligence by Example is a simple, explanatory, and descriptive guide for junior developers, experienced developers, technology consultants, and those interested in AI who want to understand the fundamentals of Artificial Intelligence and implement it practically by devising smart solutions. Prior experience with Python and statistical knowledge is essential to make the most out of this book.What You Will LearnUse adaptive thinking to solve real-life AI case studiesRise beyond being a modern-day factory code workerAcquire advanced AI, machine learning, and deep learning designing skillsLearn about cognitive NLP chatbots, quantum computing, and IoT and blockchain technologyUnderstand future AI solutions and adapt quickly to themDevelop out-of-the-box thinking to face any challenge the market presentsIn DetailArtificial Intelligence has the potential to replicate humans in every field. This book serves as a starting point for you to understand how AI is built, with the help of intriguing examples and case studies.Artificial Intelligence By Example will make you an adaptive thinker and help you apply concepts to real-life scenarios. Using some of the most interesting AI examples, right from a simple chess engine to a cognitive chatbot, you will learn how to tackle the machine you are competing with. You will study some of the most advanced machine learning models, understand how to apply AI to blockchain and IoT, and develop emotional quotient in chatbots using neural networks.You will move on to designing AI solutions in a simple manner rather than get confused by complex architectures and techniques. This comprehensive guide will be a starter kit for you to develop AI applications on your own.By the end of this book, will have understood the fundamentals of AI and worked through a number of case studies that will help you develop business vision.Style and approachAn easy-to-follow step by step guide which will help you get to grips with real world application of Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence By Example: Develop Machine Intelligence From Scratch Using Real Artificial Intelligence Use Cases
by Denis RothmanDevelop machine intelligence from scratch using real Artificial Intelligence use cases
Artificial Intelligence, Computer and Software Engineering Advances: Proceedings of the CIT 2020 Volume 1 (Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing #1326)
by Miguel Botto-Tobar Henry Cruz Angela Díaz CadenaThis book constitutes the proceedings of the XV Multidisciplinary International Congress on Science and Technology (CIT 2020), held in Quito, Ecuador, on 26–30 October 2020, proudly organized by Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas ESPE in collaboration with GDEON. CIT is an international event with a multidisciplinary approach that promotes the dissemination of advances in Science and Technology research through the presentation of keynote conferences. In CIT, theoretical, technical, or application works that are research products are presented to discuss and debate ideas, experiences, and challenges. Presenting high-quality, peer-reviewed papers, the book discusses the following topics:Artificial IntelligenceComputational ModelingData CommunicationsDefense EngineeringInnovation, Technology, and SocietyManaging Technology & Sustained Innovation, and Business DevelopmentModern Vehicle TechnologySecurity and CryptographySoftware Engineering
Artificial Intelligence, Computer and Software Engineering Advances: Proceedings of the CIT 2020 Volume 2 (Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing #1327)
by Miguel Botto-Tobar Henry Cruz Angela Díaz CadenaThis book constitutes the proceedings of the XV Multidisciplinary International Congress on Science and Technology (CIT 2020), held in Quito, Ecuador, on 26–30 October 2020, proudly organized by Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas ESPE in collaboration with GDEON. CIT is an international event with a multidisciplinary approach that promotes the dissemination of advances in Science and Technology research through the presentation of keynote conferences. In CIT, theoretical, technical, or application works that are research products are presented to discuss and debate ideas, experiences, and challenges. Presenting high-quality, peer-reviewed papers, the book discusses the following topics:Artificial IntelligenceComputational ModelingData CommunicationsDefense EngineeringInnovation, Technology, and SocietyManaging Technology & Sustained Innovation, and Business DevelopmentModern Vehicle TechnologySecurity and CryptographySoftware Engineering
Artificial Intelligence, Cybersecurity and Cyber Defence
by Daniel VentreThe aim of the book is to analyse and understand the impacts of artificial intelligence in the fields of national security and defense; to identify the political, geopolitical, strategic issues of AI; to analyse its place in conflicts and cyberconflicts, and more generally in the various forms of violence; to explain the appropriation of artificial intelligence by military organizations, but also law enforcement agencies and the police; to discuss the questions that the development of artificial intelligence and its use raise in armies, police, intelligence agencies, at the tactical, operational and strategic levels.
Artificial Intelligence, Cybersecurity and Cyber Defence
by Daniel VentreThe aim of the book is to analyse and understand the impacts of artificial intelligence in the fields of national security and defense; to identify the political, geopolitical, strategic issues of AI; to analyse its place in conflicts and cyberconflicts, and more generally in the various forms of violence; to explain the appropriation of artificial intelligence by military organizations, but also law enforcement agencies and the police; to discuss the questions that the development of artificial intelligence and its use raise in armies, police, intelligence agencies, at the tactical, operational and strategic levels.
Artificial Intelligence, Data Science and Applications: ICAISE’2023, Volume 2 (Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems #838)
by Yousef Farhaoui Amir Hussain Tanzila Saba Hamed Taherdoost Anshul VermaThis book is to provide a comprehensive reference for professionals in the field of data science and applications: artificial intelligence, big data, IoT, and blockchain. In summary, this book is expected to function as a helpful resource and manual, enabling readers to navigate the intricate domain of artificial intelligence, the Internet of things (IoT), and blockchain in smart environments. This book covers many topics related to integrating AI, IoT, blockchain, and smart environments. It begins by laying a solid foundation, introducing each technology's fundamental concepts and principles. Subsequent chapters explore applications and real-world use cases, demonstrating how AI, IoT, and blockchain can effectively address critical challenges within data science and applications.
Artificial Intelligence Doctoral Symposium: 5th Doctoral Symposium, AID 2022, Algiers, Algeria, September 18–19, 2022, Revised Selected Papers (Communications in Computer and Information Science #1852)
by Habiba Drias Farouk Yalaoui Allel HadjaliThis volume constitutes selected papers presented during the 5th Artificial Intelligence Doctoral Symposium, AID 2022, held in Algiers, Algeria, in September 2022. The 22 presented full papers were thoroughly reviewed and selected from the 38 qualified submissions. They are organized in the following topical sections: data mining; metaheuristics and swarm intelligence; computer vision; Artificial Intelligence applications; machine and deep learning; NLP and text mining.
Artificial Intelligence Driven Circuits and Systems: Select Proceedings of ISED 2021 (Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering #811)
by Biswajit Mishra Jimson Mathew Priyadarsan PatraThis book highlights selected papers presented at the 10th International Symposium on Embedded Computing and System Design (ISED) 2021. This symposium provides a platform for researchers to share the latest scientific achievements of embedded computing and system design. The book is divided into three broad sections. The first section discusses topics like VLSI and testing, circuits and systems with a focus on emerging technologies. The second section discusses topics like embedded hardware and software systems and novel applications. The final section discusses the state-of-the-art technologies involving IoT, artificial intelligence, green and edge computing that demonstrates the issues currently.
Artificial Intelligence. ECAI 2023 International Workshops: XAI^3, TACTIFUL, XI-ML, SEDAMI, RAAIT, AI4S, HYDRA, AI4AI, Kraków, Poland, September 30 – October 4, 2023, Proceedings, Part II (Communications in Computer and Information Science #1948)
by Sławomir Nowaczyk Przemysław Biecek Neo Christopher Chung Mauro Vallati Paweł Skruch Joanna Jaworek-Korjakowska Simon Parkinson Alexandros Nikitas Martin Atzmüller Tomáš Kliegr Ute Schmid Szymon Bobek Nada Lavrac Marieke Peeters Roland Van Dierendonck Saskia Robben Eunika Mercier-Laurent Gülgün Kayakutlu Mieczyslaw Lech Owoc Karl Mason Abdul Wahid Pierangela Bruno Francesco Calimeri Francesco Cauteruccio Giorgio Terracina Diedrich Wolter Jochen L. Leidner Michael Kohlhase Vania DimitrovaThis volume constitutes the refereed proceedings presented at the international workshops of the 26th European Conference on Artificial Intelligence, ECAI 2023, which was held in Kraków, Poland, in September-October 2023. The papers in this volume were presented at the following workshops: XAI^3, TACTIFUL, XI-ML, SEDAMI, RAAIT, AI4S, HYDRA, AI4AI.
Artificial Intelligence. ECAI 2023 International Workshops: XAI^3, TACTIFUL, XI-ML, SEDAMI, RAAIT, AI4S, HYDRA, AI4AI, Kraków, Poland, September 30 – October 4, 2023, Proceedings, Part I (Communications in Computer and Information Science #1947)
by Sławomir Nowaczyk Przemysław Biecek Neo Christopher Chung Mauro Vallati Paweł Skruch Joanna Jaworek-Korjakowska Simon Parkinson Alexandros Nikitas Martin Atzmüller Tomáš Kliegr Ute Schmid Szymon Bobek Nada Lavrac Marieke Peeters Roland Van Dierendonck Saskia Robben Eunika Mercier-Laurent Gülgün Kayakutlu Mieczyslaw Lech Owoc Karl Mason Abdul Wahid Pierangela Bruno Francesco Calimeri Francesco Cauteruccio Giorgio Terracina Diedrich Wolter Jochen L. Leidner Michael Kohlhase Vania DimitrovaThis volume constitutes the refereed proceedings presented at the international workshops of the 26th European Conference on Artificial Intelligence, ECAI 2023, which was held in Kraków, Poland, in September-October 2023. The papers in this volume were presented at the following workshops: XAI^3, TACTIFUL, XI-ML, SEDAMI, RAAIT, AI4S, HYDRA, AI4AI.
Artificial Intelligence Enabled Computational Methods for Smart Grid Forecast and Dispatch (Engineering Applications of Computational Methods #14)
by Yuanzheng Li Yong Zhao Lei Wu Zhigang ZengWith the increasing penetration of renewable energy and distributed energy resources, smart grid is facing great challenges, which could be divided into two categories. On the one hand, the endogenous uncertainties of renewable energy and electricity load lead to great difficulties in smart grid forecast. On the other hand, massive electric devices as well as their complex constraint relationships bring about significant difficulties in smart grid dispatch. Owe to the rapid development of artificial intelligence in recent years, several artificial intelligence enabled computational methods have been successfully applied in the smart grid and achieved good performances. Therefore, this book is concerned with the research on the key issues of artificial intelligence enabled computational methods for smart grid forecast and dispatch, which consist of three main parts. (1) Introduction for smart grid forecast and dispatch, in inclusion of reviewing previous contribution of various research methods as well as their drawbacks to analyze characteristics of smart grid forecast and dispatch.(2) Artificial intelligence enabled computational methods for smart grid forecast problems, which are devoted to present the recent approaches of deep learning and machine learning as well as their successful applications in smart grid forecast.(3) Artificial intelligence enabled computational methods for smart grid dispatch problems, consisting of edge-cutting intelligent decision-making approaches, which help determine the optimal solution of smart grid dispatch. The book is useful for university researchers, engineers, and graduate students in electrical engineering and computer science who wish to learn the core principles, methods, algorithms, and applications of artificial intelligence enabled computational methods.
Artificial Intelligence Enabled Signal Processing based Models for Neural Information Processing
by Ram Bilas Pachori Rajesh Kumar TripathyThe book provides details regarding the application of various signal processing and artificial intelligence-based methods for electroencephalography data analysis. It will help readers in understanding the use of electroencephalography signals for different neural information processing and cognitive neuroscience applications. The book: Covers topics related to the application of signal processing and machine learning-based techniques for the analysis and classification of electroencephalography signals Presents automated methods for detection of neurological disorders and other applications such as cognitive task recognition, and brain-computer interface Highlights the latest machine learning and deep learning methods for neural signal processing Discusses mathematical details for the signal processing and machine learning algorithms applied for electroencephalography data analysis Showcases the detection of dementia from electroencephalography signals using signal processing and machine learning-based techniques It is primarily written for senior undergraduates, graduate students, and researchers in the fields of electrical engineering, electronics and communications engineering, and biomedical engineering.
Artificial Intelligence Enabled Signal Processing based Models for Neural Information Processing
The book provides details regarding the application of various signal processing and artificial intelligence-based methods for electroencephalography data analysis. It will help readers in understanding the use of electroencephalography signals for different neural information processing and cognitive neuroscience applications. The book: Covers topics related to the application of signal processing and machine learning-based techniques for the analysis and classification of electroencephalography signals Presents automated methods for detection of neurological disorders and other applications such as cognitive task recognition, and brain-computer interface Highlights the latest machine learning and deep learning methods for neural signal processing Discusses mathematical details for the signal processing and machine learning algorithms applied for electroencephalography data analysis Showcases the detection of dementia from electroencephalography signals using signal processing and machine learning-based techniques It is primarily written for senior undergraduates, graduate students, and researchers in the fields of electrical engineering, electronics and communications engineering, and biomedical engineering.
Artificial Intelligence, Engineering Systems and Sustainable Development: Driving the UN SDGs
by Tulsi Pawan Fowdur Satyadev Rosunee Robert T. F. Ah King Pratima Jeetah Mahendra GooroochurnDevelopment in any country is impossible if reliable and affordable energy, safe water and sanitation, as well as telecommunication facilities, are not easily accessible. Artificial intelligence and machine learning techniques are now widely used in all branches of engineering to build and optimize systems. The combination of AI and engineering can indeed act as a real catalyst to achieve the UN SDGs. The volume editors present an analysis of different concepts and case studies in engineering disciplines such as chemical, civil, electrical, telecommunications and mechanical engineering, demonstrating how engineering systems and processes can leverage the power of AI to drive and achieve the UN SDGs. Topics covered include sustainable crop production and consumption, AI based clean water and sanitation monitoring, intelligent transport systems and achieving affordable and clean energy through AI and 5G powered internet of energy. Such a study is of paramount importance and is a valuable source of information for researchers, engineers, and policy makers to be able to better design and adopt AI enabled techniques in different engineering areas, with a view to catalyze the achievement of the UN SDGs.
Artificial Intelligence, Engineering Systems and Sustainable Development: Driving the UN SDGs
by Tulsi Pawan Fowdur, Satyadev Rosunee, Robert T. F. Ah King, Pratima Jeetah and Mahendra GooroochurnDevelopment in any country is impossible if reliable and affordable energy, safe water and sanitation, as well as telecommunication facilities, are not easily accessible. Artificial intelligence and machine learning techniques are now widely used in all branches of engineering to build and optimize systems. The combination of AI and engineering can indeed act as a real catalyst to achieve the UN SDGs. The volume editors present an analysis of different concepts and case studies in engineering disciplines such as chemical, civil, electrical, telecommunications and mechanical engineering, demonstrating how engineering systems and processes can leverage the power of AI to drive and achieve the UN SDGs. Topics covered include sustainable crop production and consumption, AI based clean water and sanitation monitoring, intelligent transport systems and achieving affordable and clean energy through AI and 5G powered internet of energy. Such a study is of paramount importance and is a valuable source of information for researchers, engineers, and policy makers to be able to better design and adopt AI enabled techniques in different engineering areas, with a view to catalyze the achievement of the UN SDGs.
Artificial Intelligence, Ethics and the Future of Warfare: Global Perspectives
by Kaushik RoyThis volume examines how the adoption of AI technologies is likely to impact strategic and operational planning, and the possible future tactical scenarios for conventional, unconventional, cyber, space and nuclear force structures. In addition to developments in the USA, Britain, Russia and China, the volume also explores how different Asian and European countries are actively integrating AI into their military readiness. It studies the effect of AI and related technologies in training regimens and command structures. The book also covers the ethical and legal aspects of AI augmented warfare.The volume will be of great interest to scholars, students and researchers of military and strategic studies, defence studies, artificial intelligence and ethics.
Artificial Intelligence, Ethics and the Future of Warfare: Global Perspectives
by Kaushik RoyThis volume examines how the adoption of AI technologies is likely to impact strategic and operational planning, and the possible future tactical scenarios for conventional, unconventional, cyber, space and nuclear force structures. In addition to developments in the USA, Britain, Russia and China, the volume also explores how different Asian and European countries are actively integrating AI into their military readiness. It studies the effect of AI and related technologies in training regimens and command structures. The book also covers the ethical and legal aspects of AI augmented warfare.The volume will be of great interest to scholars, students and researchers of military and strategic studies, defence studies, artificial intelligence and ethics.
Artificial Intelligence, Evolutionary Computing and Metaheuristics: In the Footsteps of Alan Turing (Studies in Computational Intelligence #427)
by Xin-She YangAlan Turing pioneered many research areas such as artificial intelligence, computability, heuristics and pattern formation. Nowadays at the information age, it is hard to imagine how the world would be without computers and the Internet. Without Turing's work, especially the core concept of Turing Machine at the heart of every computer, mobile phone and microchip today, so many things on which we are so dependent would be impossible.2012 is the Alan Turing year -- a centenary celebration of the life and work of Alan Turing. To celebrate Turing's legacy and follow the footsteps of this brilliant mind, we take this golden opportunity to review the latest developments in areas of artificial intelligence, evolutionary computation and metaheuristics, and all these areas can be traced back to Turing's pioneer work. Topics include Turing test, Turing machine, artificial intelligence, cryptography, software testing, image processing, neural networks, nature-inspired algorithms such as bat algorithm and cuckoo search, and multiobjective optimization and many applications. These reviews and chapters not only provide a timely snapshot of the state-of-art developments, but also provide inspiration for young researchers to carry out potentially ground-breaking research in the active, diverse research areas in artificial intelligence, cryptography, machine learning, evolutionary computation, and nature-inspired metaheuristics. This edited book can serve as a timely reference for graduates, researchers and engineers in artificial intelligence, computer sciences, computational intelligence, soft computing, optimization, and applied sciences.
Artificial Intelligence & Expert Systems Sourcebook (Chapman And Hall Advanced Industrial Technology Ser.)
by V. Daniel HuntArtificial Intelligence and expert systems research, development, and demonstration have rapidly expanded over the past several years; as a result, new terminology is appearing at a phenomenal rate. This sourcebook provides an introduction to artificial intelligence and expert systems, it provides brief definitions, it includes brief descriptions of software products, and vendors, and notes leaders in the field. Extensive support material is provided by delineating points of contact for receiving additional information, acronyms, a detailed bibliography, and other reference data. The terminology includes artificial intelligence and expert system elements for: • Artificial Intelligence • Expert Systems • Natural language Processing • Smart Robots • Machine Vision • Speech Synthesis The Artificial Intelligence and Expert System Sourcebook is compiled from informa tion acquired from numerous books, journals, and authorities in the field of artificial intelligence and expert systems. I hope this compilation of information will help clarify the terminology for artificial intelligence and expert systems' activities. Your comments, revisions, or questions are welcome. V. Daniel Hunt Springfield, Virginia May, 1986 ix Acknowledgments The information in Artificial Intelligence and Expert Systems Sourcebook has been compiled from a wide variety of authorities who are specialists in their respective fields. The following publications were used as the basic technical resources for this book. Portions of these publications may have been used in the book. Those definitions or artwork used have been reproduced with the permission to reprint of the respective publisher.