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Simulation-Based Algorithms for Markov Decision Processes (Communications and Control Engineering)

Markov decision process (MDP) models are widely used for modeling sequential decision-making problems that arise in engineering, economics, computer science, and the social sciences. Many real-world problems modeled by MDPs have huge state and/or action spaces, giving an opening to the curse of dimensionality and so making practical solution of the resulting models intractable. In other cases, the system of interest is too complex to allow explicit specification of some of the MDP model parameters, but simulation samples are readily available (e.g., for random transitions and costs). For these settings, various sampling and population-based algorithms have been developed to overcome the difficulties of computing an optimal solution in terms of a policy and/or value function. Specific approaches include adaptive sampling, evolutionary policy iteration, evolutionary random policy search, and model reference adaptive search. This substantially enlarged new edition reflects the latest developments in novel algorithms and their underpinning theories, and presents an updated account of the topics that have emerged since the publication of the first edition. Includes: innovative material on MDPs, both in constrained settings and with uncertain transition properties; game-theoretic method for solving MDPs; theories for developing roll-out based algorithms; and details of approximation stochastic annealing, a population-based on-line simulation-based algorithm. The self-contained approach of this book will appeal not only to researchers in MDPs, stochastic modeling, and control, and simulation but will be a valuable source of tuition and reference for students of control and operations research.

Simulation-Based Case Studies in Logistics: Education and Applied Research

“Simulation-based Case Studies in Logistics” presents an intensive learning course on the application of simulation as a decision support tool to tackle complex logistic problems. The book describes and illustrates different approaches to developing simulation models at the right abstraction level to be used efficiently by engineers when dealing with strategic, tactical or operational decisions in logistic systems. 11 simulation-based case studies in logistics and supply chain management are discussed, based on the results of applied research, covering application areas such as production logistics, warehousing, transportation, material flow management, and hospital logistics. “Simulation-based Case Studies in Logistics” is an essential text for postgraduate engineering students and researchers working in the area of logistics modeling and simulation.

Simulation-Based Experiential Learning (NATO ASI Subseries F: #122)

In October of 1992 an assembly of researchers in simulation and computer models for instruction convened in Bonas, France, to learn from one another in a non-automated environment. The event was the Advanced Research Workshop entitled The Use of Computer Models for Explication, Analysis, and Experiential Learning. Sponsored by the Scientific Affairs Division of NATO, this workshop brought together 29 leading experts in the field loosely described as instruction and learning in simulation environments. The three-day workshop was organized in a manner to maximize exchange of knowledge, of beliefs, and of issues. The participants came from six countries with experiences to share, with opinions to voice, and with questions to explore. Starting some weeks prior to the workshop, the exchange included presentation of the scientific papers, discussions immediately following each presentation, and informal discussions outside the scheduled meeting times. Naturally, the character and content of the workshop was determined by the backgrounds and interests of the participants. One objective in drawing together these particular specialists was to achieve a congress with coherent diversity, i.e., we sought individuals who could view an emerging area from different perspectives yet had produced work of interest to many. Major topic areas included theories of instruction being developed or tested, use of multiple domain models to enhance understanding, experiential learning environments, modelling diagnostic environments, tools for authoring complex models, and case studies from industry.

Simulation-Based Optimization: Parametric Optimization Techniques and Reinforcement Learning (Operations Research/Computer Science Interfaces Series #55)

Simulation-Based Optimization: Parametric Optimization Techniques and Reinforcement Learning introduce the evolving area of static and dynamic simulation-based optimization. Covered in detail are model-free optimization techniques – especially designed for those discrete-event, stochastic systems which can be simulated but whose analytical models are difficult to find in closed mathematical forms.Key features of this revised and improved Second Edition include:· Extensive coverage, via step-by-step recipes, of powerful new algorithms for static simulation optimization, including simultaneous perturbation, backtracking adaptive search and nested partitions, in addition to traditional methods, such as response surfaces, Nelder-Mead search and meta-heuristics (simulated annealing, tabu search, and genetic algorithms)· Detailed coverage of the Bellman equation framework for Markov Decision Processes (MDPs), along with dynamic programming (value and policy iteration) for discounted, average, and total reward performance metrics· An in-depth consideration of dynamic simulation optimization via temporal differences and Reinforcement Learning: Q-Learning, SARSA, and R-SMART algorithms, and policy search, via API, Q-P-Learning, actor-critics, and learning automata· A special examination of neural-network-based function approximation for Reinforcement Learning, semi-Markov decision processes (SMDPs), finite-horizon problems, two time scales, case studies for industrial tasks, computer codes (placed online) and convergence proofs, via Banach fixed point theory and Ordinary Differential EquationsThemed around three areas in separate sets of chapters – Static Simulation Optimization, Reinforcement Learning and Convergence Analysis – this book is written for researchers and students in the fields of engineering (industrial, systems, electrical and computer), operations research, computer science and applied mathematics.

Simulation-Based Usability Evaluation of Spoken and Multimodal Dialogue Systems (T-Labs Series in Telecommunication Services)

This book describes an extension of the user behaviour simulation (UBS) of an existing tool for automatic usability evaluation (AUE). This extension is based upon a user study with a smart home system. It uses technical-sociological methods for the execution of the study and the analysis of the collected data. A comparison of the resulting UBS with former UBSs, as well as the empirical data, shows that the new simulation approach outperforms the former simulation. The improvement affects the prediction of dialogue metrics that are related to dialogue efficiency and dialogue effectiveness.Furthermore, the book describes a parameter-based data model, as well as a related framework. Both are used to uniformly describe multimodal human-computer interactions and to provide such descriptions for usability evaluations. Finally, the book proposes a new two-stage method for the evaluation of UBSs. The method is based on the computation of a distance measures between two dialogue corpora and the pair-wise comparison of distances among several dialogue corpora.

Simulation by Bondgraphs: Introduction to a Graphical Method

Bondgraphs are a powerful tool in the simulation of mechanical, hydraulic, electric and thermal systems. They are used to represent engineering systems in written form by means of letter elements and their interconnections, called bonds, instead of in the form of numerous equations. They may be used to increase the efficiency of new product design. This book introduces the reader to bondgraphs and their use on PCs. A broad variety of applications of this method in the simulation of the above systems is presented. Twenty fully worked examples complement the presentation.

Simulation der Dauerfestigkeit einer autofrettierten Kraftstoffverteilerleiste (AutoUni – Schriftenreihe #144)

Im Common-Rail-Einspritzsystem bei Verbrennungsmotoren wird die Kraftstoffverteilerleiste durch pulsierenden Innendruck mit über 2000 bar beansprucht. Damit das Rail dauerfest ist, wird es autofrettiert. Sebastian Rogowski entwickelt mit Computersimulationen eine Prognosemethode für die Dauerfestigkeit des Rails. Dafür simuliert er ein Spannungsintensitätenfeld unter Berücksichtigung von Druckeigenspannungen und Innendruckbelastung. Der Autor kann so also Rissstoppkonturen in komplexen Bauteilen mit Eigenspannungen vorhersagen.Der Autor:Sebastian Rogowski ist Simulationsingenieur mit den Schwerpunkten statische FEM, Rissbildung und Materialmodellierung bei einem deutschen Automobilkonzern. Er hat berufsbegleitend an der Technischen Universität Carolo-Wilhelmina zu Braunschweig promoviert.

Simulation des dynamischen Verhaltens elektrohydraulischer Schaltungen: Einsatz von geräteorientierten, universellen Simulationsbausteinen (ISW Forschung und Praxis #50)

Simulation des Straßenverkehrs in der Großstadt: Das Mit- und Gegeneinander verschiedener Verkehrsteilnehmertypen

Jörg Dallmeyer untersucht die Simulation urbaner Verkehrsszenarien. Es werden verschiedene Verkehrsteilnehmertypen modelliert und in effiziente, valide Simulationsmodelle überführt. Das Straßennetz wird vollautomatisch modelliert, um den Verkehr ganzer Städte simulieren zu können. Der Autor entwickelt hierfür das Verkehrssimulationssystem MAINSIM – MultimodAle INnerstädtische StraßenverkehrsSIMulation und nutzt es für Fallstudien: z.B. maschinelle Lernverfahren zur Analyse und Beeinflussung des Verkehrs. Er untersucht die Auswirkungen exemplarischer, nonkonformer Handlungen von Autos, Fahrrädern und Fußgängern. Ein künstliches Pheromonsystem wird zur Verteilung des Verkehrs eingesetzt. Gemessene CO2-Emissionen werden mittels einer atmosphärischen Simulation anhand realer Wetter- und Geländedaten im Raum Frankfurt verteilt.

Simulation diskreter Prozesse: Methoden und Anwendungen (eXamen.press)

Dieses Buch führt in die Simulation diskreter Prozesse ein. Typische Anwendungsbeispiele sind Fertigungsprozesse, Strassenverkehrssituationen, Menschenströme und Geschäftsprozesse. Der Autor vermittelt die grundlegende ereignisorientierte Simulation sowie deren programmiertechnische Realisierung. Anhand vieler Beispiele wird die Lösung spezieller Detailprobleme mit grundlegendem Charakter gezeigt. Die durch die Optimierung von Geschäftsprozessen entstandenen neuen Herausforderungen bezüglich der Simulation bilden einen Schwerpunkt der Darstellung, ein separater Teil ist den theoretischen Grundlagen gewidmet. Lernziel des Buches ist die Fähigkeit, diskrete Prozesse mit den passenden Mitteln zu modellieren und dazu eine Simulationssoftware zu entwerfen bzw. die Mechanismen bestehender Simulationssoftware so zu begreifen, dass sie gewinnbringend eingesetzt werden kann. Die wichtigen Programmstrukturen sind in Form von Pseudocode dargestellt und dadurch völlig unabhängig von einer Programmiersprache oder Spezialsoftware. Damit ist das Buch für eine breite Leserschaft geeignet.

Simulation-Driven Design by Knowledge-Based Response Correction Techniques

Focused on efficient simulation-driven multi-fidelity optimization techniques, this monograph on simulation-driven optimization covers simulations utilizing physics-based low-fidelity models, often based on coarse-discretization simulations or other types of simplified physics representations, such as analytical models. The methods presented in the book exploit as much as possible any knowledge about the system or device of interest embedded in the low-fidelity model with the purpose of reducing the computational overhead of the design process. Most of the techniques described in the book are of response correction type and can be split into parametric (usually based on analytical formulas) and non-parametric, i.e., not based on analytical formulas. The latter, while more complex in implementation, tend to be more efficient.The book presents a general formulation of response correction techniques as well as a number of specific methods, including those based on correcting the low-fidelity model response (output space mapping, manifold mapping, adaptive response correction and shape-preserving response prediction), as well as on suitable modification of design specifications. Detailed formulations, application examples and the discussion of advantages and disadvantages of these techniques are also included. The book demonstrates the use of the discussed techniques for solving real-world engineering design problems, including applications in microwave engineering, antenna design, and aero/hydrodynamics.

Simulation-Driven Modeling and Optimization: ASDOM, Reykjavik, August 2014 (Springer Proceedings in Mathematics & Statistics #153)

This edited volume is devoted to the now-ubiquitous use of computational models across most disciplines of engineering and science, led by a trio of world-renowned researchers in the field. Focused on recent advances of modeling and optimization techniques aimed at handling computationally-expensive engineering problems involving simulation models, this book will be an invaluable resource for specialists (engineers, researchers, graduate students) working in areas as diverse as electrical engineering, mechanical and structural engineering, civil engineering, industrial engineering, hydrodynamics, aerospace engineering, microwave and antenna engineering, ocean science and climate modeling, and the automotive industry, where design processes are heavily based on CPU-heavy computer simulations. Various techniques, such as knowledge-based optimization, adjoint sensitivity techniques, and fast replacement models (to name just a few) are explored in-depth along with an array of the latest techniques to optimize the efficiency of the simulation-driven design process.High-fidelity simulation models allow for accurate evaluations of the devices and systems, which is critical in the design process, especially to avoid costly prototyping stages. Despite this and other advantages, the use of simulation tools in the design process is quite challenging due to associated high computational cost. The steady increase of available computational resources does not always translate into the shortening of the design cycle because of the growing demand for higher accuracy and necessity to simulate larger and more complex systems. For this reason, automated simulation-driven design—while highly desirable—is difficult when using conventional numerical optimization routines which normally require a large number of system simulations, each one already expensive.

Simulation dynamischer Systeme: Grundwissen, Methoden, Programme

1. Systemanalyse: Eine Einführung 1. 0 Überblick Unsere Wirklichkeit wird nicht so sehr geprägt durch die Einzelfunktionen ihrer vielen Bestandteile, sondern vielmehr durch deren Zusammenwirken. Manche Kom­ ponenten wirken stark aufeinander, andere nur schwach, weitere schließlich haben überhaupt nichts miteinander zu tun. Wir verwenden das Wort 'System', um damit eine Anzahl von Bestandteilen abzugrenzen, die untereinander relativ stark, mit ihrer gemeinsamen Systemumwelt aber nur relativ schwach interagieren und das so, daß man dem beobachteten Verhalten dieses Systems einen 'Zweck' zuordnen kann. Bei näherer Betrachtung ist unsere Realität voll solcher Systeme, und sogar voller Sy­ steme von Systemen: Menschen, Tiere, Pflanzen, Ökosysteme, Maschinen, Fabriken, Städte, Staaten. Um die Rolle der Systemanalyse zu diskutieren, befassen wir uns hier beispielhaft mit den komplexesten dieser Systeme: mit natürlichen Systemen (Orga­ nismen und Ökosystemen). Im Laufe der Evolution haben nur diejenigen natürlichen Systeme überleben können, denen es gelungen ist, Systemprozesse zu entwickeln, die ihre Erhaltung sichern, d. h. , die die Fähigkeit erworben haben, auch unter schwierigen und unerwarteten Bedin­ gungen zu überleben. Allerdings sind die meisten natürlichen Systeme nicht in der Lage, erfolgreich mit den schweren Störungen fertigzuwerden, die ihnen durch den hohen Ressourcenverbrauch und die Umweltbelastungen der modernen Gesell­ schaften aufgezwungen werden. Um die Zerstörung der ökologischen Basis und der natürlichen Ressourcen zu vermeiden, müssen wir lernen, diese Systeme in ihrem Verhalten besser zu verstehen und die Folgen unserer Handlungen zuverlässig abzu­ schätzen. Das Werkzeug für diese Aufgabe ist die Systemanalyse.

Simulation elektrischer Schaltungen auf dem Rechner (Fachberichte Simulation #5)

Simulation elektronischer Schaltungen mit MICRO-CAP: Eine Einführung für Studierende und Ingenieure/-innen in der Praxis

MICRO-CAP ist ein anwenderfreundliches und professionelles Simulationsprogramm für elektronische Schaltungen, das auf SPICE basiert. Das Buch führt anhand praxisorientierter Beispiele durch grundlegende Programmteile und Analysearten. Hierbei werden theoretische Hintergründe soweit erläutert, wie es für den erfolgreichen Einsatz des Programms nötig ist. Aufgrund des gewählten didaktischen Ansatzes „Learning by doing“ erarbeiten sich Leserin und Leser mit 120 angeleiteten Berechnungs- und Simulationsübungen aktiv und schrittweise die jeweiligen Themen. Dabei wird auf häufig auftretende Erstanwenderfehler hingewiesen. Für jede Übung ist die Lösung vorhanden. Dieses Buch richtet sich an Studierende eines Bachelor-/Diplomstudiengangs Elektrotechnik/Elektronik, Ingenieure/-innen in der Praxis, sowie alle, die die Simulation elektronischer Schaltungen mit diesem SPICE-basierenden Simulationsprogramm kennenlernen möchten.

Simulation for Applied Graph Theory Using Visual C++

The tool for visualization is Microsoft Visual C++. This popular software has the standard C++ combined with the Microsoft Foundation Classes (MFC) libraries for Windows visualization. This book explains how to create a graph interactively, solve problems in graph theory with minimum number of C++ codes, and provide friendly interfaces that makes learning the topics an interesting one. Each topic in the book comes with working Visual C++ codes which can easily be adapted as solutions to various problems in science and engineering.

Simulation for Cyber-Physical Systems Engineering: A Cloud-Based Context (Simulation Foundations, Methods and Applications)

This comprehensive book examines a range of examples, prepared by a diverse group of academic and industry practitioners, which demonstrate how cloud-based simulation is being extensively used across many disciplines, including cyber-physical systems engineering. This book is a compendium of the state of the art in cloud-based simulation that instructors can use to inform the next generation. It highlights the underlying infrastructure, modeling paradigms, and simulation methodologies that can be brought to bear to develop the next generation of systems for a highly connected society. Such systems, aptly termed cyber-physical systems (CPS), are now widely used in e.g. transportation systems, smart grids, connected vehicles, industrial production systems, healthcare, education, and defense. Modeling and simulation (M&S), along with big data technologies, are at the forefront of complex systems engineering research. The disciplines of cloud-based simulation and CPS engineering are evolving at a rapid pace, but are not optimally supporting each other’s advancement. This book brings together these two communities, which already serve multi-disciplinary applications. It provides an overview of the simulation technologies landscape, and of infrastructure pertaining to the use of cloud-based environments for CPS engineering. It covers the engineering, design, and application of cloud simulation technologies and infrastructures applicable for CPS engineering. The contributions share valuable lessons learned from developing real-time embedded and robotic systems deployed through cloud-based infrastructures for application in CPS engineering and IoT-enabled society. The coverage incorporates cloud-based M&S as a medium for facilitating CPS engineering and governance, and elaborates on available cloud-based M&S technologies and their impacts on specific aspects of CPS engineering.

Simulation for Industry 4.0: Past, Present, and Future (Springer Series in Advanced Manufacturing)

The book shows how simulation’s long history and close ties to industry since the third industrial revolution have led to its growing importance in Industry 4.0. The book emphasises the role of simulation in the new industrial revolution, and its application as a key aspect of making Industry 4.0 a reality – and thus achieving the complete digitisation of manufacturing and business. It presents various perspectives on simulation and demonstrates its applications, from augmented or virtual reality to process engineering, and from quantum computing to intelligent management. Simulation for Industry 4.0 is a guide and milestone for the simulation community, as well as those readers working to achieve the goals of Industry 4.0. The connections between simulation and Industry 4.0 drawn here will be of interest not only to beginners, but also to practitioners and researchers as a point of departure in the subject, and as a guide for new lines of study.

Simulation Gaming. Applications for Sustainable Cities and Smart Infrastructures: 48th International Simulation and Gaming Association Conference, ISAGA 2017, Delft, The Netherlands, July 10-14, 2017, Revised Selected Papers (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #10825)

This book constitutes the refereed post-conference proceedings of the 48th International Simulation and Gaming Association Conference, ISAGA 2018, held in Delft, The Netherlands, in July 2018. The 19 revised full papers included in the volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 27 submissions. The contributions to this book range from design thinking related to simulation gaming, the analysis of the consequences of design choices in games, to games for decision making, examples of games for business, climate change, maritime spatial planning, sustainable city development, supply chain, and much more.

Simulation Gaming Through Times and Disciplines: 50th International Simulation and Gaming Association Conference, ISAGA 2019, Warsaw, Poland, August 26–30, 2019, Revised Selected Papers (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #11988)

This book constitutes revised selected papers from the 50th International Simulation and Gaming Association Conference, ISAGA 2019, which took place in Warsaw, Poland, during August 26–30, 2019.The 38 papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 72 submissions. They were organized in topical sections named: simulation gaming in the science space; simulation gaming design and implementation; simulation games for current challenges; simulation games and gamification; and board perspective on simulation gaming.

Simulation, Image Processing, and Ultrasound Systems for Assisted Diagnosis and Navigation: International Workshops, Pocus 2018, Bivpcs 2018, Curious 2018, And Cpm 2018, Held In Conjunction With Miccai 2018, Granada, Spain, September 16 And 20, 2018. Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #11042)

This book constitutes the refereed joint proceedings of the International Workshop on Point-of-Care Ultrasound, POCUS 2018, the International Workshop on Bio-Imaging and Visualization for Patient-Customized Simulations, BIVPCS 2017, the International Workshop on Correction of Brainshift with Intra-Operative Ultrasound, CuRIOUS 2018, and the International Workshop on Computational Precision Medicine, CPM 2018, held in conjunction with the 21st International Conference on Medical Imaging and Computer-Assisted Intervention, MICCAI 2018, in Granada, Spain, in September 2018.The 10 full papers presented at POCUS 2018, the 4 full papers presented at BIVPCS 2018, the 8 full papers presented at CuRIOUS 2018, and the 2 full papers presented at CPM 2018 were carefully reviewed and selected. The papers feature research from complementary fields such as ultrasound image systems applications as well as signal and image processing, mechanics, computational vision, mathematics, physics, informatics, computer graphics, bio-medical-practice, psychology and industry. They discuss intra-operative ultrasound-guided brain tumor resection as well as pancreatic cancer survival prediction.

Simulation in Anästhesie und Intensivmedizin (Fachberichte Simulation #16)

Simulation in CIM (CIM-Fachmann)

Simulation in der Regelungstechnik (Fachberichte Simulation #12)

Die Simulation wird in der Regelungstechnik zum Entwurf von Regelkreisen, zur Prozeßüberwachung sowie zur regelungstechnischen Ausbildung genutzt. Anhand von Simulationen können theoretisch oder experimentell ermittelte Modelle entworfen und getestet werden; das gesamte Regelkreisverhalten kann optimiert werden. Die verschiedenen Simulationstechniken werden gegenüber gestellt, so daß jeweils die günstigste Wahl bezüglich des einzusetzenden Simulationswerkzeugs bzw. -verfahrens getroffen werden kann.

Simulation in Produktion und Logistik: Grundlagen und Anwendungen

Das vorliegende Lehrbuch gründet auf Simulationsvorlesungen der Autoren an ingenieur- und wirtschaftswissenschaftlichen Fakultäten, auf Erfahrungen aus durchgeführten Simulations­studien in der betrieblichen Praxis sowie aus Tätigkeiten in Forschungs­projekten und der Arbeit in Vereinigungen wie dem Verein Deutscher Ingenieure (VDI), der Arbeits­gemeinschaft Simulation (ASIM) oder der Gesellschaft für Operations Research (GOR). Das auf diese Weise entstandene Fachbuch erläutert die Grundlagen der ereignisdiskreten Simulation systematisch und bietet dabei zugleich einen engen Bezug zu den Anwendungen in Produktion und Logistik. Alle Inhalte werden durchgängig am Beispiel einer PC-Montage illustriert. Das Buch dient im Bereich Produktion und Logistik als Basis für Lehr­ver­an­stal­tun­gen in den einschlägigen Studiengängen des Maschinenbaus, des Wirt­schafts­ingenieurwesens, der Logistik, der Wirtschafts­informatik und der Be­triebswirtschaftslehre. Es richtet sich dabei gleichermaßen an Lehrende und Lernende der unterschiedlichen Fachrichtungen in diesem Bereich sowie an Fachleute aus der Industrie, die in Simulationsstudien für Produktion und Logistik eingebunden sind.