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Color Image Processing and Applications (Digital Signal Processing)

Reporting the state of the art of colour image processing, this monograph fills a gap in the literature on digital signal and image processing. It contains numerous examples and pictures of colour image processing results, plus a library of algorithms implemented in C.

Color Imaging: Fundamentals and Applications

This book provides the reader with an understanding of what color is, where color comes from, and how color can be used correctly in many different applications. The authors first treat the physics of light and its interaction with matter at the atomic level, so that the origins of color can be appreciated. The intimate relationship between energy

Color in Electronic Display Systems

This book explores the principles, design, and image processing of multi-primary displays, and introduces the reader to the intricacies of the typical imaging pathways which influence display design and the perception of color within a display system. Early chapters introduce the concepts behind human perception, color science, and lighting, which are necessary to fully understand multi-primary displays. The reader is also introduced to digital capture and transmission systems to better understand the ecosystem in which multi-primary displays exist. Subsequent chapters introduce the reader to current display technologies, including LCD, OLED, and inorganic LED displays. The working principles, performance, and upcoming advances are discussed for each of these technologies to provide the reader with a clear understanding of the tradeoffs which are necessary when considering multi-primary displays. This discussion is followed by an in-depth discussion of the image processing technology necessary to implement multi-primary displays. The book concludes with chapters that clearly discuss the advantages and limitations of multi-primary displays for direct view, virtual reality, and augmented reality displays. The book provides a broad viewpoint across the entire display ecosystem, explaining the interactions among system components to provide a rationale for the further development of multi-primary displays. Whether the reader is interested in broadening their understanding of display systems or the development of multi-primary displays, the text provides and understandable and practical summary of important display system concepts.

Color in Electronic Displays (Defense Research Series #3)

This book is the product of Research Study Group (RSG) 13 on "Human Engineering Evaluation on the Use of Colour in Electronic Displays," of Panel 8, "Defence Applications of Human and Biomedical Sciences," of the NATO Defence Research Group. RSG 13 was chaired by Heino Widdel (Germany) and consisted of Jeffrey Grossman (United States), Jean-Pierre Menu (France), Giampaolo Noja (Italy, point of contact), David Post (United States), and Jan Walraven (Netherlands). Initially, Christopher Gibson (United Kingdom) and Sharon McFaddon (Canada) participated also. Most of these representatives served previously on the NATO program committee that produced Proceedings of a Workshop on Colour Coded vs. Monochrome Displays (edited by Christopher Gibson and published by the Royal Aircraft Establishment, Farnborough, England) in 1984. RSG 13 can be regarded as a descendent of that program committee. RSG 13 was formed in 1987 for the purpose of developing and distributing guidance regarding the use of color on electronic displays. During our first meeting, we discussed the fact that, although there is a tremendous amount of information available concerning color vision, color perception, colorimetry, and color displays-much of it relevant to display design-it is scattered across numerous texts, journals, conference proceedings, and technical reports. We decided that we could fulfill the RSG's purpose best by producing a book that consolidates and summarizes this information, emphasizing those aspects that are most applicable to display design.

Color Medical Image Analysis (Lecture Notes in Computational Vision and Biomechanics #6)

Since the early 20th century, medical imaging has been dominated by monochrome imaging modalities such as x-ray, computed tomography, ultrasound, and magnetic resonance imaging. As a result, color information has been overlooked in medical image analysis applications. Recently, various medical imaging modalities that involve color information have been introduced. These include cervicography, dermoscopy, fundus photography, gastrointestinal endoscopy, microscopy, and wound photography. However, in comparison to monochrome images, the analysis of color images is a relatively unexplored area. The multivariate nature of color image data presents new challenges for researchers and practitioners as the numerous methods developed for monochrome images are often not directly applicable to multichannel images.The goal of this volume is to summarize the state-of-the-art in the utilization of color information in medical image analysis.

Color Theory and Its Application in Art and Design (Springer Series in Optical Sciences #19)

My aim in this introductory text is to present a comprehensible discussion of certain technical topics and recent developments in color science that I believe are of real interest to artists and designers. I treat a number of applications of this knowledge, for example in selection and use of colorants (pigments and dyes) and light. Early in the book I discuss what color is and what its characteristics are. This is followed by a chapter on pertinent aspects of light, light as the stimulus that causes the perception of color. Then the subject of the colors of opaque and transparent, nonfluorescent and fluorescent materials is taken up. There are sections on color matching, color mixture, and color primaries. Chapter 6 introduces the basic ideas that underlie the universal method (CIE) of color specification. Later chapters show how these ideas have been extended to serve other purposes such as systematic color naming, de­ termining complementary colors, mixing colored lights, and demonstrating the limitations of color gamuts of colorants. The Munsell and the Ostwald color systems and the Natural Colour System (Sweden) are explained, and the new Uniform Color Scales (Optical Society of America) are described. Color specification itself is a broad topic. The information presented here is relevant in art and design, for those who work with pigments and dyes or with products that contain them, such as paints, printing inks, plastics, glasses, mosaic tesserae, etc.

Color Theory and Modeling for Computer Graphics, Visualization, and Multimedia Applications (The Springer International Series in Engineering and Computer Science #402)

Color Theory and Modeling for Computer Graphics, Visualization, and Multimedia Applications deals with color vision and visual computing. This book provides an overview of the human visual system with an emphasis on color vision and perception. The book then goes on to discuss how human color vision and perception are applied in several applications using computer-generated displays, such as computer graphics and information and data visualization. Color Theory and Modeling for Computer Graphics, Visualization, and Multimedia Applications is suitable as a secondary text for a graduate-level course on computer graphics, computer imaging, or multimedia computing and as a reference for researchers and practitioners developing computer graphics and multimedia applications.

Colored Petri Nets for Modeling of Discrete Systems: A Practical Approach With GPenSIM (Asset Analytics)

This book offers a practical approach to modeling real-world discrete systems and performing analysis. The theory behind the book is the Colored Petri nets, and the tool used for simulations is general-purpose Petri net simulator (GPenSIM). The theory part is kept to a minimum, and more explanation is given to the GPenSIM functions and how they can be used for modeling, simulation, and performance analysis. Real-world industrial systems possess a large number of resources. Modeling these systems with Petri nets would become a problem as they result in huge Petri net models. This book offers a unique solution to this problem by moving resources away from the Petri net model and treating them as variables in the background. Also, the theory and practice put forward in the book help cost estimation of the systems (e.g., manufacturing subsystems).

Colormanagement: Konzepte, Begriffe, Systeme (Edition PAGE)

Colossus: The secrets of Bletchley Park's code-breaking computers

At last - the secrets of Bletchley Park's powerful codebreaking computers. This is a history of Colossus, the world's first fully-functioning electronic digital computer. Colossus was used during the Second World War at the Government Code and Cypher School at Bletchley Park, where it played an invaluable role cracking enemy codes. Until very recently, much about the Colossus machine was shrouded in secrecy, largely because the codes that were employed remained in use by the British security services until a short time ago. This book only became possible due to the declassification in the US of wartime documents. With an introductory essay on cryptography and the history of code-breaking by Simon Singh, this book reveals the workings of Colossus and the extraordinary staff at Bletchley Park through personal accounts by those who lived and worked with the computer. Among them is the testimony of Thomas Flowers, who was the architect of Colossus and whose personal account, written shortly before he died, is published here for the first time. Other essays consider the historical importance of this remarkable machine, and its impact on the generations of computing technology that followed.

Colossus: Bletchley Park's Greatest Secret

This is the last untold story of Bletchley Park. Using declassified information, Paul Gannon gives us a gripping account of the invention of the world's first true computer, Colossus.Uncover the secrets of Bletchley Park's code-breaking computers.In 1940, almost a year after the outbreak of the Second World war, Allied radio operators at an interception station in South London began picking up messages in a strange new code. Using science, maths, innovation and improvisation Bletchley Park codebreakers worked furiously to invent a machine to decipher what turned out to be the secrets of Nazi high command. It was called Colossus.What these codebreakers didn't realize was that they had to fashion the world's first true computer. When the war ended, this incredible invention was dismantled and hidden away for almost 50 years. Paul Gannon has pieced together the tremendous story of what is now recognized as the greatest secret of Bletchley Park.'Gannon's book contains a mass of utterly fascinating and largely unknown material about an immensely important wartime project, and is very welcome indeed.' - Brian Rendell, TES

Colour Engineering: Achieving Device Independent Colour (Wiley Series in Display Technology #30)

As colour imaging takes on increasing importance in a range of products and technologies, colour fidelity across different media has become essential.This book has arisen from the need for a specialist text that brings together key developments in colour management technology and findings from the colour engineering research community.Edited by highly regarded specialists in colour management systems, Colour Engineering introduces the reader systematically to the art of constistent quality of image reproduction - regardless of the monitor or graphic user interface employed.Features: a thorough review of the elements of colour science that apply to colour imaging. a comprehensive analysis of methods for characterizing devices in the colour imaging chain. a review of the key topics in colour management. the different approaches to implementing colour systems at some of the leading exponents in the imaging industry. This authoritative book depicting the latest developments in colour imaging, written by a group of authors at the forefront of research in this exciting and fast-moving field will appeal to students as well as practitioners of the new discipline of colour engineering. The Society for Information Display (SID) is an international society, which has the aim of encouraging the development of all aspects of the field of information display. Complementary to the aims of the society, the Wiley-SID series is intended to explain the latest developments in information display technology at a professional level. The broad scope of the series addresses all facets of information displays from technical aspects through systems and prototypes to standards and ergonomics

Colour for Web Design: Apply Colour Confidently and Create Successful Websites

Colour is one of the most powerful tools at a designer's disposal, yet few truly understand how much it can do for them, and the immediate difference it will make to the popularity and success of their website.This is the complete guide to creating a unique, practical and appropriate colour palette for any web design project. Building on the basics, starting with essential - often misunderstood - terminology and an understanding of traditional colour palettes, the book then moves on to practical, real-world examples of sites with fantastic colour schemes.A one-stop shop for a complete knowledge of digital colour, this book will give the designer the confidence to create their own palettes and apply colour successfully to their designs.

The Colour Image Processing Handbook

This book is aimed at those using colour image processing or researching new applications or techniques of colour image processing. It has been clear for some time that there is a need for a text dedicated to colour. We foresee a great increase in the use of colour over the coming years, both in research and in industrial and commercial applications. We are sure this book will prove a useful reference text on the subject for practicing engineers and scientists, for researchers, and for students at doctoral and, perhaps masters, level. It is not intended as an introductory text on image processing, rather it assumes that the reader is already familiar with basic image processing concepts such as image representation in digital form, linear and non-linear filtering, trans­ forms, edge detection and segmentation, and so on, and has some experience with using, at the least, monochrome equipment. There are many books cov­ ering these topics and some of them are referenced in the text, where appro­ priate. The book covers a restricted, but nevertheless, a very important, subset of image processing concerned with natural colour (that is colour as per­ ceived by the human visual system). This is an important field because it shares much technology and basic theory with colour television and video equipment, the market for which is worldwide and very large; and with the growing field of multimedia, including the use of colour images on the Inter­ net.

The Colour Photography Field Guide: The Essential Guide to Hue for Striking Digital Images (Field Guide)

Understand the role colour plays in your images, learn to appreciate its dynamic effects and find out how to capture and reproduce it as precisely as possible in your own images.The Colour Photography Field Guide provides a unique look at analysing and combining three important ways of dealing with colour. The first is the subjective and cultural response to individual colour: the perception. The second is how colours are found and appear in photography: the science. The third is the means by which they can be viewed and altered digitally: the expression.- A clear and technically precise look at how colour affects your digital images- Portable and lightweight, for on-the-spot information and inspiration- With a host of case studies examining difficult colour situations such as capturing flesh tones and unreal colours

Coloured Petri Nets: Basic Concepts, Analysis Methods and Practical Use, Volume 1 (Monographs in Theoretical Computer Science. An EATCS Series)

This book presents a coherent description of the theoretical and practical aspects of Coloured Petri Nets (CP-nets or CPN). It shows how CP-nets have been de­ veloped - from being a promising theoretical model to being a full-fledged lan­ guage for the design, specification, simulation, validation and implementation of large software systems (and other systems in which human beings and/or com­ puters communicate by means of some more or less formal rules). The book contains the formal definition of CP-nets and the mathematical theory behind their analysis methods. However, it has been the intention to write the book in such a way that it also becomes attractive to readers who are more interested in applications than the underlying mathematics. This means that a large part of the book is written in a style which is closer to an engineering textbook (or a users' manual) than it is to a typical textbook in theoretical computer science. The book consists of three separate volumes. The first volume defines the net model (i. e. , hierarchical CP-nets) and the basic concepts (e. g. , the different behavioural properties such as deadlocks, fair­ ness and home markings). It gives a detailed presentation of many smaIl exam­ ples and a brief overview of some industrial applications. It introduces the for­ mal analysis methods. FinaIly, it contains a description of a set of CPN tools which support the practical use of CP-nets.

Coloured Petri Nets: Basic Concepts, Analysis Methods and Practical Use. Volume 1 (Monographs in Theoretical Computer Science. An EATCS Series)

This book presents a coherent description of the theoretical and practical aspects of Coloured Petri Nets (CP-nets or CPN). It shows how CP-nets have been de­ veloped - from being a promising theoretical model to being a full-fledged lan­ guage for the design, specification, simulation, validation and implementation of large software systems (and other systems in which human beings and/or com­ puters communicate by means of some more or less formal rules). The book contains the formal definition of CP-nets and the mathematical theory behind their analysis methods. However, it has been the intention to write the book in such a way that it also becomes attractive to readers who are more interested in applications than the underlying mathematics. This means that a large part of the book is written in a style which is closer to an engineering textbook (or a users' manual) than it is to a typical textbook in theoretical computer science. The book consists of three separate volumes. The first volume defines the net model (i. e. , hierarchical CP-nets) and the basic concepts (e. g. , the different behavioural properties such as deadlocks, fair­ ness and home markings). It gives a detailed presentation of many small exam­ ples and a brief overview of some industrial applications. It introduces the for­ mal analysis methods. Finally, it contains a description of a set of CPN tools which support the practical use of CP-nets.

Coloured Petri Nets: Basic Concepts, Analysis Methods and Practical Use (Monographs in Theoretical Computer Science. An EATCS Series)

The contents of this volume are application oriented. The volume contains a de­ tailed presentation of 19 applications of CP-nets, covering a broad range of ap­ plication areas. Most of the projects have been carried out in an industrial set­ ting. The volume presents the most important ideas and experiences from the projects, in a way which is useful also for readers who do not yet have personal experience with the construction and analysis of large CPN models. The volume demonstrates the feasibility of using CP-nets and the CPN tools for industrial projects. The presentation of the projects is based upon material provided by the per­ sons who have accomplished the individual projects. At the beginning of each chapter, we list their names and we say where the original material has been published. The original material often contains more elaborate information, e.g., about details of the modelled system and related work. I have edited the material provided by the original authors. I have modified some of the CP-nets, e.g., to improve the layout and use more mnemonic names. In some cases, I have also changed a few net components, e.g., merged two tran­ sitions or introduced a Standard ML function for operations that are used in many arc expressions. These modifications make the CP-nets more appropriate as study material, but they do not change the essential behaviour of the CPN models.

Coloured Petri Nets: Modelling and Validation of Concurrent Systems

Coloured Petri Nets (CPN) is a graphical language for modelling and validating concurrent and distributed systems, and other systems in which concurrency plays a major role. The development of such systems is particularly challenging because of inherent intricacies like possible nondeterminism and the immense number of possible execution sequences. In this textbook Jensen and Kristensen introduce the constructs of the CPN modelling language and present the related analysis methods in detail. They also provide a comprehensive road map for the practical use of CPN by showcasing selected industrial case studies that illustrate the practical use of CPN modelling and validation for design, specification, simulation, verification and implementation in various application domains. Their presentation primarily aims at readers interested in the practical use of CPN. Thus all concepts and constructs are first informally introduced through examples and then followed by formal definitions (which may be skipped). The book is ideally suitable for a one-semester course at an advanced undergraduate or graduate level, and through its strong application examples can also serve for self-study. An accompanying website offers additional material such as slides, exercises and project proposals. Book website: http://www.cs.au.dk/CPnets/cpnbook/

COLT '89: Proceedings of the Second Annual Workshop, UC Santa Cruz, California, July 31 - August 2 1989

Computational Learning Theory presents the theoretical issues in machine learning and computational models of learning. This book covers a wide range of problems in concept learning, inductive inference, and pattern recognition.Organized into three parts encompassing 32 chapters, this book begins with an overview of the inductive principle based on weak convergence of probability measures. This text then examines the framework for constructing learning algorithms. Other chapters consider the formal theory of learning, which is learning in the sense of improving computational efficiency as opposed to concept learning. This book discusses as well the informed parsimonious (IP) inference that generalizes the compatibility and weighted parsimony techniques, which are most commonly applied in biology. The final chapter deals with the construction of prediction algorithms in a situation in which a learner faces a sequence of trials, with a prediction to be given in each and the goal of the learner is to make some mistakes.This book is a valuable resource for students and teachers.

COLT '91: Proceedings of the Fourth Annual Workshop, UC Santa Cruz, California, August 5-7, 1991

COLT

COLT Proceedings 1990

COLT '90 covers the proceedings of the Third Annual Workshop on Computational Learning Theory, sponsored by the ACM SIGACT/SIGART, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York on August 6-8, 1990. The book focuses on the processes, methodologies, principles, and approaches involved in computational learning theory. The selection first elaborates on inductive inference of minimal programs, learning switch configurations, computational complexity of approximating distributions by probabilistic automata, and a learning criterion for stochastic rules. The text then takes a look at inductive identification of pattern languages with restricted substitutions, learning ring-sum-expansions, sample complexity of PAC-learning using random and chosen examples, and some problems of learning with an Oracle.The book examines a mechanical method of successful scientific inquiry, boosting a weak learning algorithm by majority, and learning by distances. Discussions focus on the relation to PAC learnability, majority-vote game, boosting a weak learner by majority vote, and a paradigm of scientific inquiry.The selection is a dependable source of data for researchers interested in the computational learning theory.

Column Layout Examples (large print)

This diagram shows examples of three of the many column layouts that might be used in a print publication. There is a locator dot shown, which will be at the top left of the page when the image is the right way up. There are descriptive labels on the left of the page and layout examples on the right. In each example, the horizontal lines texture indicates areas of body text, and the fine dotted textured areas represent columns that might be used for headings, annotations, a table of contents, pull quotes, images, advertisements or even left empty to give the page an uncluttered look. Each example shows a single page.

Column Layout Examples (UEB contracted)

This diagram shows examples of three of the many column layouts that might be used in a print publication. There is a locator dot shown, which will be at the top left of the page when the image is the right way up. There are descriptive labels on the left of the page and layout examples on the right. In each example, the horizontal lines texture indicates areas of body text, and the fine dotted textured areas represent columns that might be used for headings, annotations, a table of contents, pull quotes, images, advertisements or even left empty to give the page an uncluttered look. Each example shows a single page.

Column Layout Examples (UEB uncontracted)

This diagram shows examples of three of the many column layouts that might be used in a print publication. There is a locator dot shown, which will be at the top left of the page when the image is the right way up. There are descriptive labels on the left of the page and layout examples on the right. In each example, the horizontal lines texture indicates areas of body text, and the fine dotted textured areas represent columns that might be used for headings, annotations, a table of contents, pull quotes, images, advertisements or even left empty to give the page an uncluttered look. Each example shows a single page.